[PATCH v5 3/5] arm64/kvm: context-switch ptrauth registers

Amit Daniel Kachhap
2019-01-28T06:59:29Z

When pointer authentication is supported, a guest may wish to use it.
This patch adds the necessary KVM infrastructure for this to work, with
a semi-lazy context switch of the pointer auth state.

Pointer authentication feature is only enabled when VHE is built
into the kernel and present into CPU implementation so only VHE code
paths are modified.

When we schedule a vcpu, we disable guest usage of pointer
authentication instructions and accesses to the keys. While these are
disabled, we avoid context-switching the keys. When we trap the guest
trying to use pointer authentication functionality, we change to eagerly
context-switching the keys, and enable the feature. The next time the
vcpu is scheduled out/in, we start again.

Pointer authentication consists of address authentication and generic
authentication, and CPUs in a system might have varied support for
either. Where support for either feature is not uniform, it is hidden
from guests via ID register emulation, as a result of the cpufeature
framework in the host.

Unfortunately, address authentication and generic authentication cannot
be trapped separately, as the architecture provides a single EL2 trap
covering both. If we wish to expose one without the other, we cannot
prevent a (badly-written) guest from intermittently using a feature
which is not uniformly supported (when scheduled on a physical CPU which
supports the relevant feature). When the guest is scheduled on a
physical CPU lacking the feature, these attempts will result in an UNDEF
being taken by the guest.

Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Amit Daniel Kachhap <amit.kachhap@arm.com>
Cc: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
Cc: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@arm.com>
Cc: Kristina Martsenko <kristina.martsenko@arm.com>
Cc: kvmarm@lists.cs.columbia.edu
Cc: Ramana Radhakrishnan <ramana.radhakrishnan@arm.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
---
arch/arm/include/asm/kvm_host.h | 1 +
arch/arm64/include/asm/cpufeature.h | 5 +++++
arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_host.h | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++
arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_hyp.h | 7 ++++++
arch/arm64/kernel/traps.c | 1 +
arch/arm64/kvm/handle_exit.c | 23 +++++++++++--------
arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/Makefile | 1 +
arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/ptrauth-sr.c | 44 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/switch.c | 4 ++++
arch/arm64/kvm/sys_regs.c | 40 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
virt/kvm/arm/arm.c | 2 ++
11 files changed, 135 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/ptrauth-sr.c

diff --git a/arch/arm/include/asm/kvm_host.h b/arch/arm/include/asm/kvm_host.h
index 704667e..b200c14 100644
--- a/arch/arm/include/asm/kvm_host.h
+++ b/arch/arm/include/asm/kvm_host.h
@@ -345,6 +345,7 @@ static inline int kvm_arm_have_ssbd(void)

static inline void kvm_vcpu_load_sysregs(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu) {}
static inline void kvm_vcpu_put_sysregs(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu) {}
+static inline void kvm_arm_vcpu_ptrauth_reset(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu) {}

#define __KVM_HAVE_ARCH_VM_ALLOC
struct kvm *kvm_arch_alloc_vm(void);
diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/cpufeature.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/cpufeature.h
index dfcfba7..e1bf2a5 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/cpufeature.h
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/cpufeature.h
@@ -612,6 +612,11 @@ static inline bool system_supports_generic_auth(void)
cpus_have_const_cap(ARM64_HAS_GENERIC_AUTH_IMP_DEF));
}

+static inline bool kvm_supports_ptrauth(void)
+{
+ return system_supports_address_auth() && system_supports_generic_auth();
+}
+
#define ARM64_SSBD_UNKNOWN -1
#define ARM64_SSBD_FORCE_DISABLE 0
#define ARM64_SSBD_KERNEL 1
diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_host.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_host.h
index 1f2d237..c798d0c 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_host.h
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_host.h
@@ -146,6 +146,18 @@ enum vcpu_sysreg {
PMSWINC_EL0, /* Software Increment Register */
PMUSERENR_EL0, /* User Enable Register */

+ /* Pointer Authentication Registers */
+ APIAKEYLO_EL1,
+ APIAKEYHI_EL1,
+ APIBKEYLO_EL1,
+ APIBKEYHI_EL1,
+ APDAKEYLO_EL1,
+ APDAKEYHI_EL1,
+ APDBKEYLO_EL1,
+ APDBKEYHI_EL1,
+ APGAKEYLO_EL1,
+ APGAKEYHI_EL1,
+
/* 32bit specific registers. Keep them at the end of the range */
DACR32_EL2, /* Domain Access Control Register */
IFSR32_EL2, /* Instruction Fault Status Register */
@@ -439,6 +451,18 @@ static inline bool kvm_arch_requires_vhe(void)
return false;
}

+void kvm_arm_vcpu_ptrauth_enable(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
+void kvm_arm_vcpu_ptrauth_disable(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
+
+static inline void kvm_arm_vcpu_ptrauth_reset(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
+{
+ /* Disable ptrauth and use it in a lazy context via traps */
+ if (has_vhe() && kvm_supports_ptrauth())
+ kvm_arm_vcpu_ptrauth_disable(vcpu);
+}
+
+void kvm_arm_vcpu_ptrauth_trap(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
+
static inline void kvm_arch_hardware_unsetup(void) {}
static inline void kvm_arch_sync_events(struct kvm *kvm) {}
static inline void kvm_arch_vcpu_uninit(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu) {}
diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_hyp.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_hyp.h
index 6e65cad..e559836 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_hyp.h
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_hyp.h
@@ -153,6 +153,13 @@ bool __fpsimd_enabled(void);
void activate_traps_vhe_load(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
void deactivate_traps_vhe_put(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);

+void __ptrauth_switch_to_guest(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
+ struct kvm_cpu_context *host_ctxt,
+ struct kvm_cpu_context *guest_ctxt);
+void __ptrauth_switch_to_host(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
+ struct kvm_cpu_context *host_ctxt,
+ struct kvm_cpu_context *guest_ctxt);
+
u64 __guest_enter(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_cpu_context *host_ctxt);
void __noreturn __hyp_do_panic(unsigned long, ...);

diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/traps.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/traps.c
index 4e2fb87..5cac605 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kernel/traps.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/traps.c
@@ -749,6 +749,7 @@ static const char *esr_class_str[] = {
[ESR_ELx_EC_CP14_LS] = "CP14 LDC/STC",
[ESR_ELx_EC_FP_ASIMD] = "ASIMD",
[ESR_ELx_EC_CP10_ID] = "CP10 MRC/VMRS",
+ [ESR_ELx_EC_PAC] = "Pointer authentication trap",
[ESR_ELx_EC_CP14_64] = "CP14 MCRR/MRRC",
[ESR_ELx_EC_ILL] = "PSTATE.IL",
[ESR_ELx_EC_SVC32] = "SVC (AArch32)",
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/handle_exit.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/handle_exit.c
index 0b79834..5b980e7 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kvm/handle_exit.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/handle_exit.c
@@ -174,19 +174,24 @@ static int handle_sve(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_run *run)
}

/*
+ * Handle the guest trying to use a ptrauth instruction, or trying to access a
+ * ptrauth register.
+ */
+void kvm_arm_vcpu_ptrauth_trap(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
+{
+ if (has_vhe() && kvm_supports_ptrauth())
+ kvm_arm_vcpu_ptrauth_enable(vcpu);
+ else
+ kvm_inject_undefined(vcpu);
+}
+
+/*
* Guest usage of a ptrauth instruction (which the guest EL1 did not turn into
- * a NOP).
+ * a NOP), or guest EL1 access to a ptrauth register.
*/
static int kvm_handle_ptrauth(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_run *run)
{
- /*
- * We don't currently support ptrauth in a guest, and we mask the ID
- * registers to prevent well-behaved guests from trying to make use of
- * it.
- *
- * Inject an UNDEF, as if the feature really isn't present.
- */
- kvm_inject_undefined(vcpu);
+ kvm_arm_vcpu_ptrauth_trap(vcpu);
return 1;
}

diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/Makefile b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/Makefile
index 82d1904..17cec99 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/Makefile
+++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/Makefile
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_KVM_ARM_HOST) += switch.o
obj-$(CONFIG_KVM_ARM_HOST) += fpsimd.o
obj-$(CONFIG_KVM_ARM_HOST) += tlb.o
obj-$(CONFIG_KVM_ARM_HOST) += hyp-entry.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_KVM_ARM_HOST) += ptrauth-sr.o

# KVM code is run at a different exception code with a different map, so
# compiler instrumentation that inserts callbacks or checks into the code may
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/ptrauth-sr.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/ptrauth-sr.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0576c01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/ptrauth-sr.c
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/ptrauth-sr.c: Guest/host ptrauth save/restore
+ *
+ * Copyright 2018 Arm Limited
+ * Author: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
+ * Amit Daniel Kachhap <amit.kachhap@arm.com>
+ */
+#include <linux/compiler.h>
+#include <linux/kvm_host.h>
+
+#include <asm/cpucaps.h>
+#include <asm/cpufeature.h>
+#include <asm/kvm_asm.h>
+#include <asm/kvm_hyp.h>
+#include <asm/pointer_auth.h>
+
+static __always_inline bool __hyp_text __ptrauth_is_enabled(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
+{
+ return IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARM64_PTR_AUTH) &&
+ vcpu->arch.ctxt.hcr_el2 & (HCR_API | HCR_APK);
+}
+
+void __no_ptrauth __hyp_text __ptrauth_switch_to_guest(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
+ struct kvm_cpu_context *host_ctxt,
+ struct kvm_cpu_context *guest_ctxt)
+{
+ if (!__ptrauth_is_enabled(vcpu))
+ return;
+
+ ptrauth_keys_store((struct ptrauth_keys *) &host_ctxt->sys_regs[APIAKEYLO_EL1]);
+ ptrauth_keys_switch((struct ptrauth_keys *) &guest_ctxt->sys_regs[APIAKEYLO_EL1]);
+}
+
+void __no_ptrauth __hyp_text __ptrauth_switch_to_host(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
+ struct kvm_cpu_context *host_ctxt,
+ struct kvm_cpu_context *guest_ctxt)
+{
+ if (!__ptrauth_is_enabled(vcpu))
+ return;
+
+ ptrauth_keys_store((struct ptrauth_keys *) &guest_ctxt->sys_regs[APIAKEYLO_EL1]);
+ ptrauth_keys_switch((struct ptrauth_keys *) &host_ctxt->sys_regs[APIAKEYLO_EL1]);
+}
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/switch.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/switch.c
index 03b36f1..301d332 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/switch.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/switch.c
@@ -483,6 +483,8 @@ int kvm_vcpu_run_vhe(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
sysreg_restore_guest_state_vhe(guest_ctxt);
__debug_switch_to_guest(vcpu);

+ __ptrauth_switch_to_guest(vcpu, host_ctxt, guest_ctxt);
+
__set_guest_arch_workaround_state(vcpu);

do {
@@ -494,6 +496,8 @@ int kvm_vcpu_run_vhe(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)

__set_host_arch_workaround_state(vcpu);

+ __ptrauth_switch_to_host(vcpu, host_ctxt, guest_ctxt);
+
sysreg_save_guest_state_vhe(guest_ctxt);

__deactivate_traps(vcpu);
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/sys_regs.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/sys_regs.c
index e3e3722..2546a65 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kvm/sys_regs.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/sys_regs.c
@@ -986,6 +986,32 @@ static bool access_pmuserenr(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct sys_reg_params *p,
{ SYS_DESC(SYS_PMEVTYPERn_EL0(n)), \
access_pmu_evtyper, reset_unknown, (PMEVTYPER0_EL0 + n), }

+
+void kvm_arm_vcpu_ptrauth_enable(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
+{
+ vcpu->arch.ctxt.hcr_el2 |= (HCR_API | HCR_APK);
+}
+
+void kvm_arm_vcpu_ptrauth_disable(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
+{
+ vcpu->arch.ctxt.hcr_el2 &= ~(HCR_API | HCR_APK);
+}
+
+static bool trap_ptrauth(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
+ struct sys_reg_params *p,
+ const struct sys_reg_desc *rd)
+{
+ kvm_arm_vcpu_ptrauth_trap(vcpu);
+ return false;
+}
+
+#define __PTRAUTH_KEY(k) \
+ { SYS_DESC(SYS_## k), trap_ptrauth, reset_unknown, k }
+
+#define PTRAUTH_KEY(k) \
+ __PTRAUTH_KEY(k ## KEYLO_EL1), \
+ __PTRAUTH_KEY(k ## KEYHI_EL1)
+
static bool access_cntp_tval(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
struct sys_reg_params *p,
const struct sys_reg_desc *r)
@@ -1040,14 +1066,6 @@ static u64 read_id_reg(struct sys_reg_desc const *r, bool raz)
kvm_debug("SVE unsupported for guests, suppressing\n");

val &= ~(0xfUL << ID_AA64PFR0_SVE_SHIFT);
- } else if (id == SYS_ID_AA64ISAR1_EL1) {
- const u64 ptrauth_mask = (0xfUL << ID_AA64ISAR1_APA_SHIFT) |
- (0xfUL << ID_AA64ISAR1_API_SHIFT) |
- (0xfUL << ID_AA64ISAR1_GPA_SHIFT) |
- (0xfUL << ID_AA64ISAR1_GPI_SHIFT);
- if (val & ptrauth_mask)
- kvm_debug("ptrauth unsupported for guests, suppressing\n");
- val &= ~ptrauth_mask;
} else if (id == SYS_ID_AA64MMFR1_EL1) {
if (val & (0xfUL << ID_AA64MMFR1_LOR_SHIFT))
kvm_debug("LORegions unsupported for guests, suppressing\n");
@@ -1316,6 +1334,12 @@ static const struct sys_reg_desc sys_reg_descs[] = {
{ SYS_DESC(SYS_TTBR1_EL1), access_vm_reg, reset_unknown, TTBR1_EL1 },
{ SYS_DESC(SYS_TCR_EL1), access_vm_reg, reset_val, TCR_EL1, 0 },

+ PTRAUTH_KEY(APIA),
+ PTRAUTH_KEY(APIB),
+ PTRAUTH_KEY(APDA),
+ PTRAUTH_KEY(APDB),
+ PTRAUTH_KEY(APGA),
+
{ SYS_DESC(SYS_AFSR0_EL1), access_vm_reg, reset_unknown, AFSR0_EL1 },
{ SYS_DESC(SYS_AFSR1_EL1), access_vm_reg, reset_unknown, AFSR1_EL1 },
{ SYS_DESC(SYS_ESR_EL1), access_vm_reg, reset_unknown, ESR_EL1 },
diff --git a/virt/kvm/arm/arm.c b/virt/kvm/arm/arm.c
index 2d65ada..6d377d3 100644
--- a/virt/kvm/arm/arm.c
+++ b/virt/kvm/arm/arm.c
@@ -388,6 +388,8 @@ void kvm_arch_vcpu_load(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, int cpu)
vcpu_clear_wfe_traps(vcpu);
else
vcpu_set_wfe_traps(vcpu);
+
+ kvm_arm_vcpu_ptrauth_reset(vcpu);
}

void kvm_arch_vcpu_put(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
--
2.7.4