From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Received: from foss.arm.com (foss.arm.com [217.140.110.172]) by smtp.subspace.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6F9DF3BB4A for ; Tue, 6 Jan 2026 16:06:34 +0000 (UTC) Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; arc=none smtp.client-ip=217.140.110.172 ARC-Seal:i=1; a=rsa-sha256; d=subspace.kernel.org; s=arc-20240116; t=1767715596; cv=none; b=GE8MoYqf6ZaUnkiM5WinXEfWvWQZ2O8hPDgjsjXcA2/KkSpcweoABbR6s9x4gUVPiFB/x0IQsXkWv4sMULWHi7FFPG1mKDsE5lCzmGU/BVisKaVVTJ9PK/X83v68rkmWrFw8tgxJiNfR9WpcYCTW0ZgdM7/TE9loNZeJMFOotlw= ARC-Message-Signature:i=1; a=rsa-sha256; d=subspace.kernel.org; s=arc-20240116; t=1767715596; c=relaxed/simple; bh=RVjpS/Sgy+IuuSLYARQ7OT6EHrneL0parMIx63KTKPs=; h=Date:From:To:Cc:Subject:Message-ID:References:MIME-Version: Content-Type:Content-Disposition:In-Reply-To; b=BGr8hbrLOKj+K4GegySLxMBZNT7nWcBfrXY0MIdPqKaz9KLDSWYzel23hWQTGuSutAYLHy0shRXgOd6AUyohr6rzcYbZTmZgSGD9kGAiM6RvRF5q/B+uLurW2TvDyjti5dd8CBXuEpwc61DEleOiH5SWIB9ezUq3jow607qawz4= ARC-Authentication-Results:i=1; smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dmarc=pass (p=none dis=none) header.from=arm.com; spf=pass smtp.mailfrom=arm.com; arc=none smtp.client-ip=217.140.110.172 Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dmarc=pass (p=none dis=none) header.from=arm.com Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; spf=pass smtp.mailfrom=arm.com Received: from usa-sjc-imap-foss1.foss.arm.com (unknown [10.121.207.14]) by usa-sjc-mx-foss1.foss.arm.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F40B6497; Tue, 6 Jan 2026 08:06:26 -0800 (PST) Received: from e124191.cambridge.arm.com (e124191.cambridge.arm.com [10.1.197.45]) by usa-sjc-imap-foss1.foss.arm.com (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 18DB33F6A8; Tue, 6 Jan 2026 08:06:31 -0800 (PST) Date: Tue, 6 Jan 2026 16:06:29 +0000 From: Joey Gouly To: Sascha Bischoff Cc: "linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org" , "kvmarm@lists.linux.dev" , "kvm@vger.kernel.org" , nd , "maz@kernel.org" , "oliver.upton@linux.dev" , Suzuki Poulose , "yuzenghui@huawei.com" , "peter.maydell@linaro.org" , "lpieralisi@kernel.org" , Timothy Hayes Subject: Re: [PATCH v2 18/36] KVM: arm64: gic-v5: Implement PPI interrupt injection Message-ID: <20260106160629.GC1982@e124191.cambridge.arm.com> References: <20251219155222.1383109-1-sascha.bischoff@arm.com> <20251219155222.1383109-19-sascha.bischoff@arm.com> Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: kvmarm@lists.linux.dev List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Disposition: inline In-Reply-To: <20251219155222.1383109-19-sascha.bischoff@arm.com> On Fri, Dec 19, 2025 at 03:52:42PM +0000, Sascha Bischoff wrote: > This change introduces interrupt injection for PPIs for GICv5-based > guests. > > The lifecycle of PPIs is largely managed by the hardware for a GICv5 > system. The hypervisor injects pending state into the guest by using > the ICH_PPI_PENDRx_EL2 registers. These are used by the hardware to > pick a Highest Priority Pending Interrupt (HPPI) for the guest based > on the enable state of each individual interrupt. The enable state and > priority for each interrupt are provided by the guest itself (through > writes to the PPI registers). > > When Direct Virtual Interrupt (DVI) is set for a particular PPI, the > hypervisor is even able to skip the injection of the pending state > altogether - it all happens in hardware. > > The result of the above is that no AP lists are required for GICv5, > unlike for older GICs. Instead, for PPIs the ICH_PPI_* registers > fulfil the same purpose for all 128 PPIs. Hence, as long as the > ICH_PPI_* registers are populated prior to guest entry, and merged > back into the KVM shadow state on exit, the PPI state is preserved, > and interrupts can be injected. > > When injecting the state of a PPI the state is merged into the KVM's > shadow state using the set_pending_state irq_op. The directly sets the > relevant bit in the shadow ICH_PPI_PENDRx_EL2, which is presented to > the guest (and GICv5 hardware) on next guest entry. The > queue_irq_unlock irq_op is required to kick the vCPU to ensure that it > seems the new state. The result is that no AP lists are used for > private interrupts on GICv5. > > Prior to entering the guest, vgic_v5_flush_ppi_state is called from > kvm_vgic_flush_hwstate. The effectively snapshots the shadow PPI > pending state (twice - an entry and an exit copy) in order to track > any changes. These changes can come from a guest consuming an > interrupt or from a guest making an Edge-triggered interrupt pending. > > When returning from running a guest, the guest's PPI state is merged > back into KVM's shadow state in vgic_v5_merge_ppi_state from > kvm_vgic_sync_hwstate. The Enable and Active state is synced back for > all PPIs, and the pending state is synced back for Edge PPIs (Level is > driven directly by the devices generating said levels). The incoming > pending state from the guest is merged with KVM's shadow state to > avoid losing any incoming interrupts. > > Signed-off-by: Sascha Bischoff > --- > arch/arm64/kvm/vgic/vgic-v5.c | 159 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ > arch/arm64/kvm/vgic/vgic.c | 46 +++++++--- > arch/arm64/kvm/vgic/vgic.h | 47 ++++++++-- > include/kvm/arm_vgic.h | 3 + > 4 files changed, 235 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-) > > diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/vgic/vgic-v5.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/vgic/vgic-v5.c > index 46c70dfc7bb08..cb3dd872d16a6 100644 > --- a/arch/arm64/kvm/vgic/vgic-v5.c > +++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/vgic/vgic-v5.c > @@ -56,6 +56,165 @@ int vgic_v5_probe(const struct gic_kvm_info *info) > return 0; > } > > +static bool vgic_v5_ppi_set_pending_state(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, > + struct vgic_irq *irq) > +{ > + struct vgic_v5_cpu_if *cpu_if; > + const u64 id_bit = BIT_ULL(irq->intid % 64); > + const u32 reg = FIELD_GET(GICV5_HWIRQ_ID, irq->intid) / 64; > + > + if (!vcpu || !irq) > + return false; > + > + /* Skip injecting the state altogether */ > + if (irq->directly_injected) > + return true; > + > + cpu_if = &vcpu->arch.vgic_cpu.vgic_v5; > + > + if (irq_is_pending(irq)) > + cpu_if->vgic_ppi_pendr[reg] |= id_bit; > + else > + cpu_if->vgic_ppi_pendr[reg] &= ~id_bit; > + > + return true; > +} > + > +/* > + * For GICv5, the PPIs are mostly directly managed by the hardware. We > + * (the hypervisor) handle the pending, active, enable state > + * save/restore, but don't need the PPIs to be queued on a per-VCPU AP > + * list. Therefore, sanity check the state, unlock, and return. > + */ > +static bool vgic_v5_ppi_queue_irq_unlock(struct kvm *kvm, struct vgic_irq *irq, > + unsigned long flags) > + __releases(&irq->irq_lock) > +{ > + struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu; > + > + lockdep_assert_held(&irq->irq_lock); > + > + if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!__irq_is_ppi(KVM_DEV_TYPE_ARM_VGIC_V5, irq->intid))) > + goto out_unlock_fail; > + > + vcpu = irq->target_vcpu; > + if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!vcpu)) > + goto out_unlock_fail; > + > + raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&irq->irq_lock, flags); > + > + /* Directly kick the target VCPU to make sure it sees the IRQ */ > + kvm_make_request(KVM_REQ_IRQ_PENDING, vcpu); > + kvm_vcpu_kick(vcpu); > + > + return true; > + > +out_unlock_fail: > + raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&irq->irq_lock, flags); > + > + return false; > +} > + > +static struct irq_ops vgic_v5_ppi_irq_ops = { > + .set_pending_state = vgic_v5_ppi_set_pending_state, > + .queue_irq_unlock = vgic_v5_ppi_queue_irq_unlock, > +}; > + > +void vgic_v5_set_ppi_ops(struct vgic_irq *irq) > +{ > + if (WARN_ON(!irq)) > + return; > + > + scoped_guard(raw_spinlock, &irq->irq_lock) { > + if (!WARN_ON(irq->ops)) > + irq->ops = &vgic_v5_ppi_irq_ops; > + } > +} > + > +/* > + * Detect any PPIs state changes, and propagate the state with KVM's > + * shadow structures. > + */ > +void vgic_v5_fold_ppi_state(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu) > +{ > + struct vgic_v5_cpu_if *cpu_if = &vcpu->arch.vgic_cpu.vgic_v5; > + int i, reg; > + > + for (reg = 0; reg < 2; reg++) { > + unsigned long changed_bits; > + const unsigned long enabler = cpu_if->vgic_ich_ppi_enabler_exit[reg]; > + const unsigned long activer = cpu_if->vgic_ppi_activer_exit[reg]; > + const unsigned long pendr = cpu_if->vgic_ppi_pendr_exit[reg]; > + > + /* > + * Track what changed across enabler, activer, pendr, but mask > + * with ~DVI. > + */ > + changed_bits = cpu_if->vgic_ich_ppi_enabler_entry[reg] ^ enabler; > + changed_bits |= cpu_if->vgic_ppi_activer_entry[reg] ^ activer; > + changed_bits |= cpu_if->vgic_ppi_pendr_entry[reg] ^ pendr; > + changed_bits &= ~cpu_if->vgic_ppi_dvir[reg]; > + > + for_each_set_bit(i, &changed_bits, 64) { > + struct vgic_irq *irq; > + u32 intid; > + > + intid = FIELD_PREP(GICV5_HWIRQ_TYPE, GICV5_HWIRQ_TYPE_PPI); > + intid |= FIELD_PREP(GICV5_HWIRQ_ID, reg * 64 + i); > + > + irq = vgic_get_vcpu_irq(vcpu, intid); > + > + scoped_guard(raw_spinlock, &irq->irq_lock) { > + irq->enabled = !!(enabler & BIT(i)); > + irq->active = !!(activer & BIT(i)); > + > + /* This is an OR to avoid losing incoming edges! */ > + if (irq->config == VGIC_CONFIG_EDGE) > + irq->pending_latch |= !!(pendr & BIT(i)); > + } > + > + vgic_put_irq(vcpu->kvm, irq); > + } > + > + /* Re-inject the exit state as entry state next time! */ > + cpu_if->vgic_ich_ppi_enabler_entry[reg] = enabler; > + cpu_if->vgic_ppi_activer_entry[reg] = activer; > + > + /* > + * Pending state is a bit different. We only propagate back > + * pending state for Edge interrupts. Moreover, this is OR'd > + * with the incoming state to make sure we don't lose incoming > + * edges. Use the (inverse) HMR to mask off all Level bits, and > + * OR. > + */ > + cpu_if->vgic_ppi_pendr[reg] |= pendr & ~cpu_if->vgic_ppi_hmr[reg]; > + } > +} > + > +void vgic_v5_flush_ppi_state(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu) > +{ > + struct vgic_v5_cpu_if *cpu_if = &vcpu->arch.vgic_cpu.vgic_v5; > + > + /* > + * We're about to enter the guest. Copy the shadow state to the pending > + * reg that will be written to the ICH_PPI_PENDRx_EL2 regs. While the > + * guest is running we track any incoming changes to the pending state in > + * vgic_ppi_pendr. The incoming changes are merged with the outgoing > + * changes on the return path. > + */ > + cpu_if->vgic_ppi_pendr_entry[0] = cpu_if->vgic_ppi_pendr[0]; > + cpu_if->vgic_ppi_pendr_entry[1] = cpu_if->vgic_ppi_pendr[1]; > + > + /* > + * Make sure that we can correctly detect "edges" in the PPI > + * state. There's a path where we never actually enter the guest, and > + * failure to do this risks losing pending state > + */ > + cpu_if->vgic_ppi_pendr_exit[0] = cpu_if->vgic_ppi_pendr[0]; > + cpu_if->vgic_ppi_pendr_exit[1] = cpu_if->vgic_ppi_pendr[1]; > + > +} > + > /* > * Not all PPIs are guaranteed to be implemented for > * GICv5. Deterermine which ones are, and generate a mask. This is > diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/vgic/vgic.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/vgic/vgic.c > index ac8cb0270e1e4..cb5d43b34462b 100644 > --- a/arch/arm64/kvm/vgic/vgic.c > +++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/vgic/vgic.c > @@ -105,6 +105,14 @@ struct vgic_irq *vgic_get_vcpu_irq(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, u32 intid) > if (WARN_ON(!vcpu)) > return NULL; > > + if (vgic_is_v5(vcpu->kvm) && > + __irq_is_ppi(KVM_DEV_TYPE_ARM_VGIC_V5, intid)) { > + u32 int_num = FIELD_GET(GICV5_HWIRQ_ID, intid); > + > + int_num = array_index_nospec(int_num, VGIC_V5_NR_PRIVATE_IRQS); > + return &vcpu->arch.vgic_cpu.private_irqs[int_num]; > + } > + > /* SGIs and PPIs */ > if (intid < VGIC_NR_PRIVATE_IRQS) { > intid = array_index_nospec(intid, VGIC_NR_PRIVATE_IRQS); > @@ -258,10 +266,12 @@ struct kvm_vcpu *vgic_target_oracle(struct vgic_irq *irq) > * If the distributor is disabled, pending interrupts shouldn't be > * forwarded. > */ > - if (irq->enabled && irq_is_pending(irq)) { > - if (unlikely(irq->target_vcpu && > - !irq->target_vcpu->kvm->arch.vgic.enabled)) > - return NULL; > + if (irq_is_enabled(irq) && irq_is_pending(irq)) { > + if (irq->target_vcpu) { > + if (!vgic_is_v5(irq->target_vcpu->kvm) && > + unlikely(!irq->target_vcpu->kvm->arch.vgic.enabled)) > + return NULL; > + } Don't understand this, can you explain? Thanks, Joey > > return irq->target_vcpu; > } > @@ -836,9 +846,11 @@ static void vgic_prune_ap_list(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu) > vgic_release_deleted_lpis(vcpu->kvm); > } > > -static inline void vgic_fold_lr_state(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu) > +static void vgic_fold_state(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu) > { > - if (kvm_vgic_global_state.type == VGIC_V2) > + if (vgic_is_v5(vcpu->kvm)) > + vgic_v5_fold_ppi_state(vcpu); > + else if (kvm_vgic_global_state.type == VGIC_V2) > vgic_v2_fold_lr_state(vcpu); > else > vgic_v3_fold_lr_state(vcpu); > @@ -1045,8 +1057,10 @@ void kvm_vgic_sync_hwstate(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu) > if (can_access_vgic_from_kernel()) > vgic_save_state(vcpu); > > - vgic_fold_lr_state(vcpu); > - vgic_prune_ap_list(vcpu); > + vgic_fold_state(vcpu); > + > + if (!vgic_is_v5(vcpu->kvm)) > + vgic_prune_ap_list(vcpu); > } > > /* Sync interrupts that were deactivated through a DIR trap */ > @@ -1070,6 +1084,17 @@ static inline void vgic_restore_state(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu) > __vgic_v3_restore_state(&vcpu->arch.vgic_cpu.vgic_v3); > } > > +static void vgic_flush_state(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu) > +{ > + if (vgic_is_v5(vcpu->kvm)) { > + vgic_v5_flush_ppi_state(vcpu); > + return; > + } > + > + scoped_guard(raw_spinlock, &vcpu->arch.vgic_cpu.ap_list_lock) > + vgic_flush_lr_state(vcpu); > +} > + > /* Flush our emulation state into the GIC hardware before entering the guest. */ > void kvm_vgic_flush_hwstate(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu) > { > @@ -1106,13 +1131,12 @@ void kvm_vgic_flush_hwstate(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu) > > DEBUG_SPINLOCK_BUG_ON(!irqs_disabled()); > > - scoped_guard(raw_spinlock, &vcpu->arch.vgic_cpu.ap_list_lock) > - vgic_flush_lr_state(vcpu); > + vgic_flush_state(vcpu); > > if (can_access_vgic_from_kernel()) > vgic_restore_state(vcpu); > > - if (vgic_supports_direct_irqs(vcpu->kvm)) > + if (vgic_supports_direct_irqs(vcpu->kvm) && !vgic_is_v5(vcpu->kvm)) > vgic_v4_commit(vcpu); > } > > diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/vgic/vgic.h b/arch/arm64/kvm/vgic/vgic.h > index d5d9264f0a1e9..978d7f8426361 100644 > --- a/arch/arm64/kvm/vgic/vgic.h > +++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/vgic/vgic.h > @@ -132,6 +132,28 @@ static inline bool irq_is_pending(struct vgic_irq *irq) > return irq->pending_latch || irq->line_level; > } > > +/* Requires the irq_lock to be held by the caller. */ > +static inline bool irq_is_enabled(struct vgic_irq *irq) > +{ > + if (irq->enabled) > + return true; > + > + /* > + * We always consider GICv5 interrupts as enabled as we can > + * always inject them. The state is handled by the hardware, > + * and the hardware will only signal the interrupt to the > + * guest once the guest enables it. > + */ > + if (irq->target_vcpu) { > + u32 vgic_model = irq->target_vcpu->kvm->arch.vgic.vgic_model; > + > + if (vgic_model == KVM_DEV_TYPE_ARM_VGIC_V5) > + return true; > + } > + > + return false; > +} > + > static inline bool vgic_irq_is_mapped_level(struct vgic_irq *irq) > { > return irq->config == VGIC_CONFIG_LEVEL && irq->hw; > @@ -364,7 +386,10 @@ void vgic_debug_destroy(struct kvm *kvm); > > int vgic_v5_probe(const struct gic_kvm_info *info); > void vgic_v5_get_implemented_ppis(void); > +void vgic_v5_set_ppi_ops(struct vgic_irq *irq); > int vgic_v5_set_ppi_dvi(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, u32 irq, bool dvi); > +void vgic_v5_flush_ppi_state(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu); > +void vgic_v5_fold_ppi_state(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu); > void vgic_v5_load(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu); > void vgic_v5_put(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu); > void vgic_v5_set_vmcr(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct vgic_vmcr *vmcr); > @@ -433,15 +458,6 @@ void vgic_its_invalidate_all_caches(struct kvm *kvm); > int vgic_its_inv_lpi(struct kvm *kvm, struct vgic_irq *irq); > int vgic_its_invall(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu); > > -bool system_supports_direct_sgis(void); > -bool vgic_supports_direct_msis(struct kvm *kvm); > -bool vgic_supports_direct_sgis(struct kvm *kvm); > - > -static inline bool vgic_supports_direct_irqs(struct kvm *kvm) > -{ > - return vgic_supports_direct_msis(kvm) || vgic_supports_direct_sgis(kvm); > -} > - > int vgic_v4_init(struct kvm *kvm); > void vgic_v4_teardown(struct kvm *kvm); > void vgic_v4_configure_vsgis(struct kvm *kvm); > @@ -481,6 +497,19 @@ static inline bool vgic_is_v3(struct kvm *kvm) > return kvm_vgic_global_state.type == VGIC_V3 || vgic_is_v3_compat(kvm); > } > > +bool system_supports_direct_sgis(void); > +bool vgic_supports_direct_msis(struct kvm *kvm); > +bool vgic_supports_direct_sgis(struct kvm *kvm); > + > +static inline bool vgic_supports_direct_irqs(struct kvm *kvm) > +{ > + /* GICv5 always supports direct IRQs */ > + if (vgic_is_v5(kvm)) > + return true; > + > + return vgic_supports_direct_msis(kvm) || vgic_supports_direct_sgis(kvm); > +} > + > int vgic_its_debug_init(struct kvm_device *dev); > void vgic_its_debug_destroy(struct kvm_device *dev); > > diff --git a/include/kvm/arm_vgic.h b/include/kvm/arm_vgic.h > index 500709bd62c8d..b5180edbd1165 100644 > --- a/include/kvm/arm_vgic.h > +++ b/include/kvm/arm_vgic.h > @@ -32,6 +32,9 @@ > #define VGIC_MIN_LPI 8192 > #define KVM_IRQCHIP_NUM_PINS (1020 - 32) > > +/* GICv5 constants */ > +#define VGIC_V5_NR_PRIVATE_IRQS 128 > + > #define is_v5_type(t, i) (FIELD_GET(GICV5_HWIRQ_TYPE, (i)) == (t)) > > #define __irq_is_sgi(t, i) \ > -- > 2.34.1