Re: [PATCH 00/53] Get rid of UTF-8 chars that can be mapped as ASCII

Mauro Carvalho Chehab
2021-05-10T13:02:52Z

Em Mon, 10 May 2021 13:19:50 +0200
Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+huawei@kernel.org> escreveu:

> Em Mon, 10 May 2021 12:52:44 +0200
> Thorsten Leemhuis <linux@leemhuis.info> escreveu:
>
> > On 10.05.21 12:26, Mauro Carvalho Chehab wrote:
> > >
> > > As Linux developers are all around the globe, and not everybody has UTF-8
> > > as their default charset, better to use UTF-8 only on cases where it is really
> > > needed.
> > > […]
> > > The remaining patches on series address such cases on *.rst files and
> > > inside the Documentation/ABI, using this perl map table in order to do the
> > > charset conversion:
> > >
> > > my %char_map = (
> > > […]
> > > 0x2013 => '-', # EN DASH
> > > 0x2014 => '-', # EM DASH
>
>
> > I might be performing bike shedding here, but wouldn't it be better to
> > replace those two with "--", as explained in
> > https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dash#Approximating_the_em_dash_with_two_or_three_hyphens
> >
> > For EM DASH there seems to be even "---", but I'd say that is a bit too
> > much.
>
> Yeah, we can do, instead:
>
> 0x2013 => '--', # EN DASH
> 0x2014 => '---', # EM DASH
>
> I was actually in doubt about those ;-)

On a quick test, I changed my script to use "--" and "---" for
EN/EM DASH chars.

The diff below is against both versions.

There are a couple of places where it got mathematically wrong,
like this one:

-operation over a temperature range of -40°C to +125°C.
+operation over a temperature range of --40°C to +125°C.

On others, it is just a matter of personal taste. My personal opinion
is that, on most cases, a single "-" would be better.

Thanks,
Mauro

diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-net-cdc_ncm b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-net-cdc_ncm
index 41a1eef0d0e7..469325255887 100644
--- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-net-cdc_ncm
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-net-cdc_ncm
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ Contact: Bjørn Mork <bjorn@mork.no>
Description:
- Bit 0: 16-bit NTB supported (set to 1)
- Bit 1: 32-bit NTB supported
- - Bits 2 - 15: reserved (reset to zero; must be ignored by host)
+ - Bits 2 -- 15: reserved (reset to zero; must be ignored by host)

What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/cdc_ncm/dwNtbInMaxSize
Date: May 2014
diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/acpi-info.rst b/Documentation/PCI/acpi-info.rst
index 9b4b04039982..7a75f1f6e73c 100644
--- a/Documentation/PCI/acpi-info.rst
+++ b/Documentation/PCI/acpi-info.rst
@@ -140,8 +140,8 @@ address always corresponds to bus 0, even if the bus range below the bridge
Extended Address Space Descriptor (.4)
General Flags: Bit [0] Consumer/Producer:

- * 1 - This device consumes this resource
- * 0 - This device produces and consumes this resource
+ * 1 -- This device consumes this resource
+ * 0 -- This device produces and consumes this resource

[5] ACPI 6.2, sec 19.6.43:
ResourceUsage specifies whether the Memory range is consumed by
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/Tree-RCU-Memory-Ordering.rst b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/Tree-RCU-Memory-Ordering.rst
index d76c6bfdc659..34a12b12df51 100644
--- a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/Tree-RCU-Memory-Ordering.rst
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/Tree-RCU-Memory-Ordering.rst
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ newly arrived RCU callbacks against future grace periods:
43 }

But the only part of ``rcu_prepare_for_idle()`` that really matters for
-this discussion are lines 37-39. We will therefore abbreviate this
+this discussion are lines 37--39. We will therefore abbreviate this
function as follows:

.. kernel-figure:: rcu_node-lock.svg
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.rst b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.rst
index a3493b34f3dd..a42dc3cf26bd 100644
--- a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.rst
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.rst
@@ -2354,8 +2354,8 @@ which in practice also means that RCU must have an aggressive
stress-test suite. This stress-test suite is called ``rcutorture``.

Although the need for ``rcutorture`` was no surprise, the current
-immense popularity of the Linux kernel is posing interesting-and perhaps
-unprecedented-validation challenges. To see this, keep in mind that
+immense popularity of the Linux kernel is posing interesting---and perhaps
+unprecedented---validation challenges. To see this, keep in mind that
there are well over one billion instances of the Linux kernel running
today, given Android smartphones, Linux-powered televisions, and
servers. This number can be expected to increase sharply with the advent
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst
index b1692643718d..1a6dbda71ad6 100644
--- a/Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ The Linux kernel user's and administrator's guide

The following is a collection of user-oriented documents that have been
added to the kernel over time. There is, as yet, little overall order or
-organization here - this material was not written to be a single, coherent
+organization here --- this material was not written to be a single, coherent
document! With luck things will improve quickly over time.

This initial section contains overall information, including the README
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/module-signing.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/module-signing.rst
index bd1d2fef78e8..0d185ba8b8b5 100644
--- a/Documentation/admin-guide/module-signing.rst
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/module-signing.rst
@@ -100,8 +100,8 @@ This has a number of options available:
``certs/signing_key.pem`` will disable the autogeneration of signing keys
and allow the kernel modules to be signed with a key of your choosing.
The string provided should identify a file containing both a private key
- and its corresponding X.509 certificate in PEM form, or - on systems where
- the OpenSSL ENGINE_pkcs11 is functional - a PKCS#11 URI as defined by
+ and its corresponding X.509 certificate in PEM form, or --- on systems where
+ the OpenSSL ENGINE_pkcs11 is functional --- a PKCS#11 URI as defined by
RFC7512. In the latter case, the PKCS#11 URI should reference both a
certificate and a private key.

diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/ras.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/ras.rst
index 00445adf8708..66c2c62c1cd4 100644
--- a/Documentation/admin-guide/ras.rst
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/ras.rst
@@ -40,10 +40,10 @@ it causes data loss or system downtime.

Among the monitoring measures, the most usual ones include:

-* CPU - detect errors at instruction execution and at L1/L2/L3 caches;
-* Memory - add error correction logic (ECC) to detect and correct errors;
-* I/O - add CRC checksums for transferred data;
-* Storage - RAID, journal file systems, checksums,
+* CPU -- detect errors at instruction execution and at L1/L2/L3 caches;
+* Memory -- add error correction logic (ECC) to detect and correct errors;
+* I/O -- add CRC checksums for transferred data;
+* Storage -- RAID, journal file systems, checksums,
Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology (SMART).

By monitoring the number of occurrences of error detections, it is possible
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/reporting-issues.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/reporting-issues.rst
index f691930e13c0..af699015d266 100644
--- a/Documentation/admin-guide/reporting-issues.rst
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/reporting-issues.rst
@@ -824,7 +824,7 @@ and look a little lower at the table. At its top you'll see a line starting with
mainline, which most of the time will point to a pre-release with a version
number like '5.8-rc2'. If that's the case, you'll want to use this mainline
kernel for testing, as that where all fixes have to be applied first. Do not let
-that 'rc' scare you, these 'development kernels' are pretty reliable - and you
+that 'rc' scare you, these 'development kernels' are pretty reliable --- and you
made a backup, as you were instructed above, didn't you?

In about two out of every nine to ten weeks, mainline might point you to a
@@ -866,7 +866,7 @@ How to obtain a fresh Linux kernel
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

**Using a pre-compiled kernel**: This is often the quickest, easiest, and safest
-way for testing - especially is you are unfamiliar with the Linux kernel. The
+way for testing --- especially is you are unfamiliar with the Linux kernel. The
problem: most of those shipped by distributors or add-on repositories are build
from modified Linux sources. They are thus not vanilla and therefore often
unsuitable for testing and issue reporting: the changes might cause the issue
@@ -1345,7 +1345,7 @@ about it to a chatroom or forum you normally hang out.

**Be patient**: If you are really lucky you might get a reply to your report
within a few hours. But most of the time it will take longer, as maintainers
-are scattered around the globe and thus might be in a different time zone - one
+are scattered around the globe and thus might be in a different time zone -- one
where they already enjoy their night away from keyboard.

In general, kernel developers will take one to five business days to respond to
@@ -1388,7 +1388,7 @@ Here are your duties in case you got replies to your report:

**Check who you deal with**: Most of the time it will be the maintainer or a
developer of the particular code area that will respond to your report. But as
-issues are normally reported in public it could be anyone that's replying -
+issues are normally reported in public it could be anyone that's replying ---
including people that want to help, but in the end might guide you totally off
track with their questions or requests. That rarely happens, but it's one of
many reasons why it's wise to quickly run an internet search to see who you're
@@ -1716,7 +1716,7 @@ Maybe their test hardware broke, got replaced by something more fancy, or is so
old that it's something you don't find much outside of computer museums
anymore. Sometimes developer stops caring for their code and Linux at all, as
something different in their life became way more important. In some cases
-nobody is willing to take over the job as maintainer - and nobody can be forced
+nobody is willing to take over the job as maintainer -- and nobody can be forced
to, as contributing to the Linux kernel is done on a voluntary basis. Abandoned
drivers nevertheless remain in the kernel: they are still useful for people and
removing would be a regression.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/kernel.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/kernel.rst
index 743a7c70fd83..639dd58518ca 100644
--- a/Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/kernel.rst
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/kernel.rst
@@ -1285,7 +1285,7 @@ The soft lockup detector monitors CPUs for threads that are hogging the CPUs
without rescheduling voluntarily, and thus prevent the 'watchdog/N' threads
from running. The mechanism depends on the CPUs ability to respond to timer
interrupts which are needed for the 'watchdog/N' threads to be woken up by
-the watchdog timer function, otherwise the NMI watchdog - if enabled - can
+the watchdog timer function, otherwise the NMI watchdog --- if enabled --- can
detect a hard lockup condition.

diff --git a/Documentation/dev-tools/testing-overview.rst b/Documentation/dev-tools/testing-overview.rst
index 8adffc26a2ec..381c571eb52c 100644
--- a/Documentation/dev-tools/testing-overview.rst
+++ b/Documentation/dev-tools/testing-overview.rst
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ frameworks. These both provide infrastructure to help make running tests and
groups of tests easier, as well as providing helpers to aid in writing new
tests.

-If you're looking to verify the behaviour of the Kernel - particularly specific
-parts of the kernel - then you'll want to use KUnit or kselftest.
+If you're looking to verify the behaviour of the Kernel --- particularly specific
+parts of the kernel --- then you'll want to use KUnit or kselftest.

The Difference Between KUnit and kselftest
diff --git a/Documentation/doc-guide/contributing.rst b/Documentation/doc-guide/contributing.rst
index c2d709467c68..ac5c9f1d2311 100644
--- a/Documentation/doc-guide/contributing.rst
+++ b/Documentation/doc-guide/contributing.rst
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ comments that look like this::

The problem is the missing "*", which confuses the build system's
simplistic idea of what C comment blocks look like. This problem had been
-present since that comment was added in 2016 - a full four years. Fixing
+present since that comment was added in 2016 --- a full four years. Fixing
it was a matter of adding the missing asterisks. A quick look at the
history for that file showed what the normal format for subject lines is,
and ``scripts/get_maintainer.pl`` told me who should receive it. The
diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/fpga/fpga-bridge.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/fpga/fpga-bridge.rst
index 8d650b4e2ce6..1d6e910c27df 100644
--- a/Documentation/driver-api/fpga/fpga-bridge.rst
+++ b/Documentation/driver-api/fpga/fpga-bridge.rst
@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ FPGA Bridge
API to implement a new FPGA bridge
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

-* struct fpga_bridge - The FPGA Bridge structure
-* struct fpga_bridge_ops - Low level Bridge driver ops
-* devm_fpga_bridge_create() - Allocate and init a bridge struct
-* fpga_bridge_register() - Register a bridge
-* fpga_bridge_unregister() - Unregister a bridge
+* struct fpga_bridge --- The FPGA Bridge structure
+* struct fpga_bridge_ops --- Low level Bridge driver ops
+* devm_fpga_bridge_create() --- Allocate and init a bridge struct
+* fpga_bridge_register() --- Register a bridge
+* fpga_bridge_unregister() --- Unregister a bridge

.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/fpga/fpga-bridge.h
:functions: fpga_bridge
diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/fpga/fpga-mgr.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/fpga/fpga-mgr.rst
index 4d926b452cb3..272161361c6a 100644
--- a/Documentation/driver-api/fpga/fpga-mgr.rst
+++ b/Documentation/driver-api/fpga/fpga-mgr.rst
@@ -101,12 +101,12 @@ in state.
API for implementing a new FPGA Manager driver
----------------------------------------------

-* ``fpga_mgr_states`` - Values for :c:expr:`fpga_manager->state`.
-* struct fpga_manager - the FPGA manager struct
-* struct fpga_manager_ops - Low level FPGA manager driver ops
-* devm_fpga_mgr_create() - Allocate and init a manager struct
-* fpga_mgr_register() - Register an FPGA manager
-* fpga_mgr_unregister() - Unregister an FPGA manager
+* ``fpga_mgr_states`` --- Values for :c:expr:`fpga_manager->state`.
+* struct fpga_manager --- the FPGA manager struct
+* struct fpga_manager_ops --- Low level FPGA manager driver ops
+* devm_fpga_mgr_create() --- Allocate and init a manager struct
+* fpga_mgr_register() --- Register an FPGA manager
+* fpga_mgr_unregister() --- Unregister an FPGA manager

.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/fpga/fpga-mgr.h
:functions: fpga_mgr_states
diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/fpga/fpga-programming.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/fpga/fpga-programming.rst
index fb4da4240e96..adc725855bad 100644
--- a/Documentation/driver-api/fpga/fpga-programming.rst
+++ b/Documentation/driver-api/fpga/fpga-programming.rst
@@ -84,10 +84,10 @@ will generate that list. Here's some sample code of what to do next::
API for programming an FPGA
---------------------------

-* fpga_region_program_fpga() - Program an FPGA
-* fpga_image_info() - Specifies what FPGA image to program
-* fpga_image_info_alloc() - Allocate an FPGA image info struct
-* fpga_image_info_free() - Free an FPGA image info struct
+* fpga_region_program_fpga() --- Program an FPGA
+* fpga_image_info() --- Specifies what FPGA image to program
+* fpga_image_info_alloc() --- Allocate an FPGA image info struct
+* fpga_image_info_free() --- Free an FPGA image info struct

.. kernel-doc:: drivers/fpga/fpga-region.c
:functions: fpga_region_program_fpga
diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/fpga/fpga-region.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/fpga/fpga-region.rst
index 2636a27c11b2..6c0c2541de04 100644
--- a/Documentation/driver-api/fpga/fpga-region.rst
+++ b/Documentation/driver-api/fpga/fpga-region.rst
@@ -45,19 +45,19 @@ An example of usage can be seen in the probe function of [#f2]_.
API to add a new FPGA region
----------------------------

-* struct fpga_region - The FPGA region struct
-* devm_fpga_region_create() - Allocate and init a region struct
-* fpga_region_register() - Register an FPGA region
-* fpga_region_unregister() - Unregister an FPGA region
+* struct fpga_region --- The FPGA region struct
+* devm_fpga_region_create() --- Allocate and init a region struct
+* fpga_region_register() --- Register an FPGA region
+* fpga_region_unregister() --- Unregister an FPGA region

The FPGA region's probe function will need to get a reference to the FPGA
Manager it will be using to do the programming. This usually would happen
during the region's probe function.

-* fpga_mgr_get() - Get a reference to an FPGA manager, raise ref count
-* of_fpga_mgr_get() - Get a reference to an FPGA manager, raise ref count,
+* fpga_mgr_get() --- Get a reference to an FPGA manager, raise ref count
+* of_fpga_mgr_get() --- Get a reference to an FPGA manager, raise ref count,
given a device node.
-* fpga_mgr_put() - Put an FPGA manager
+* fpga_mgr_put() --- Put an FPGA manager

The FPGA region will need to specify which bridges to control while programming
the FPGA. The region driver can build a list of bridges during probe time
@@ -66,11 +66,11 @@ the list of bridges to program just before programming
(:c:expr:`fpga_region->get_bridges`). The FPGA bridge framework supplies the
following APIs to handle building or tearing down that list.

-* fpga_bridge_get_to_list() - Get a ref of an FPGA bridge, add it to a
+* fpga_bridge_get_to_list() --- Get a ref of an FPGA bridge, add it to a
list
-* of_fpga_bridge_get_to_list() - Get a ref of an FPGA bridge, add it to a
+* of_fpga_bridge_get_to_list() --- Get a ref of an FPGA bridge, add it to a
list, given a device node
-* fpga_bridges_put() - Given a list of bridges, put them
+* fpga_bridges_put() --- Given a list of bridges, put them

.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/fpga/fpga-region.h
:functions: fpga_region
diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/iio/buffers.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/iio/buffers.rst
index 24569ff0cf79..906dfc10b7ef 100644
--- a/Documentation/driver-api/iio/buffers.rst
+++ b/Documentation/driver-api/iio/buffers.rst
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
Buffers
=======

-* struct iio_buffer - general buffer structure
-* :c:func:`iio_validate_scan_mask_onehot` - Validates that exactly one channel
+* struct iio_buffer --- general buffer structure
+* :c:func:`iio_validate_scan_mask_onehot` --- Validates that exactly one channel
is selected
-* :c:func:`iio_buffer_get` - Grab a reference to the buffer
-* :c:func:`iio_buffer_put` - Release the reference to the buffer
+* :c:func:`iio_buffer_get` --- Grab a reference to the buffer
+* :c:func:`iio_buffer_put` --- Release the reference to the buffer

The Industrial I/O core offers a way for continuous data capture based on a
trigger source. Multiple data channels can be read at once from
diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/iio/hw-consumer.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/iio/hw-consumer.rst
index 75986358fc02..06969fde2086 100644
--- a/Documentation/driver-api/iio/hw-consumer.rst
+++ b/Documentation/driver-api/iio/hw-consumer.rst
@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ software buffer for data. The implementation can be found under
:file:`drivers/iio/buffer/hw-consumer.c`

-* struct iio_hw_consumer - Hardware consumer structure
-* :c:func:`iio_hw_consumer_alloc` - Allocate IIO hardware consumer
-* :c:func:`iio_hw_consumer_free` - Free IIO hardware consumer
-* :c:func:`iio_hw_consumer_enable` - Enable IIO hardware consumer
-* :c:func:`iio_hw_consumer_disable` - Disable IIO hardware consumer
+* struct iio_hw_consumer --- Hardware consumer structure
+* :c:func:`iio_hw_consumer_alloc` --- Allocate IIO hardware consumer
+* :c:func:`iio_hw_consumer_free` --- Free IIO hardware consumer
+* :c:func:`iio_hw_consumer_enable` --- Enable IIO hardware consumer
+* :c:func:`iio_hw_consumer_disable` --- Disable IIO hardware consumer

HW consumer setup
diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/iio/triggered-buffers.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/iio/triggered-buffers.rst
index 7c37b2afa1ad..49831ff466c5 100644
--- a/Documentation/driver-api/iio/triggered-buffers.rst
+++ b/Documentation/driver-api/iio/triggered-buffers.rst
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ Now that we know what buffers and triggers are let's see how they work together.
IIO triggered buffer setup
==========================

-* :c:func:`iio_triggered_buffer_setup` - Setup triggered buffer and pollfunc
-* :c:func:`iio_triggered_buffer_cleanup` - Free resources allocated by
+* :c:func:`iio_triggered_buffer_setup` --- Setup triggered buffer and pollfunc
+* :c:func:`iio_triggered_buffer_cleanup` --- Free resources allocated by
:c:func:`iio_triggered_buffer_setup`
-* struct iio_buffer_setup_ops - buffer setup related callbacks
+* struct iio_buffer_setup_ops --- buffer setup related callbacks

A typical triggered buffer setup looks like this::

diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/iio/triggers.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/iio/triggers.rst
index a5d1fc15747c..5b3d475bc871 100644
--- a/Documentation/driver-api/iio/triggers.rst
+++ b/Documentation/driver-api/iio/triggers.rst
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
Triggers
========

-* struct iio_trigger - industrial I/O trigger device
-* :c:func:`devm_iio_trigger_alloc` - Resource-managed iio_trigger_alloc
-* :c:func:`devm_iio_trigger_register` - Resource-managed iio_trigger_register
+* struct iio_trigger --- industrial I/O trigger device
+* :c:func:`devm_iio_trigger_alloc` --- Resource-managed iio_trigger_alloc
+* :c:func:`devm_iio_trigger_register` --- Resource-managed iio_trigger_register
iio_trigger_unregister
-* :c:func:`iio_trigger_validate_own_device` - Check if a trigger and IIO
+* :c:func:`iio_trigger_validate_own_device` --- Check if a trigger and IIO
device belong to the same device

In many situations it is useful for a driver to be able to capture data based
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ Let's see a simple example of how to setup a trigger to be used by a driver::
IIO trigger ops
===============

-* struct iio_trigger_ops - operations structure for an iio_trigger.
+* struct iio_trigger_ops --- operations structure for an iio_trigger.

Notice that a trigger has a set of operations attached:

diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/index.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/index.rst
index 29eb9230b7a9..e07e0d39c7f0 100644
--- a/Documentation/driver-api/index.rst
+++ b/Documentation/driver-api/index.rst
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ The Linux driver implementer's API guide

The kernel offers a wide variety of interfaces to support the development
of device drivers. This document is an only somewhat organized collection
-of some of those interfaces - it will hopefully get better over time! The
+of some of those interfaces --- it will hopefully get better over time! The
available subsections can be seen below.

.. class:: toc-title
diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/media/drivers/vidtv.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/media/drivers/vidtv.rst
index abb454302ac5..c3821d82df17 100644
--- a/Documentation/driver-api/media/drivers/vidtv.rst
+++ b/Documentation/driver-api/media/drivers/vidtv.rst
@@ -458,8 +458,8 @@ Add a way to test video

Currently, vidtv can only encode PCM audio. It would be great to implement
a barebones version of MPEG-2 video encoding so we can also test video. The
-first place to look into is *ISO 13818-2: Information technology - Generic
-coding of moving pictures and associated audio information - Part 2: Video*,
+first place to look into is *ISO 13818-2: Information technology --- Generic
+coding of moving pictures and associated audio information --- Part 2: Video*,
which covers the encoding of compressed video in MPEG Transport Streams.

This might optionally use the Video4Linux2 Test Pattern Generator, v4l2-tpg,
diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/nvdimm/btt.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/nvdimm/btt.rst
index dd91a495e02e..1d2d9cd40def 100644
--- a/Documentation/driver-api/nvdimm/btt.rst
+++ b/Documentation/driver-api/nvdimm/btt.rst
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ Bit Description
0 0 Initial state. Reads return zeroes; Premap = Postmap
0 1 Zero state: Reads return zeroes
1 0 Error state: Reads fail; Writes clear 'E' bit
- 1 1 Normal Block - has valid postmap
+ 1 1 Normal Block -- has valid postmap
== == ====================================================

29 - 0 Mappings to internal 'postmap' blocks
diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst b/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst
index 19d2cf477fc3..9b0e9abf8f88 100644
--- a/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst
+++ b/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ areas on disk for fast writing, we divide the log into segments and use a
segment cleaner to compress the live information from heavily fragmented
segments." from Rosenblum, M. and Ousterhout, J. K., 1992, "The design and
implementation of a log-structured file system", ACM Trans. Computer Systems
-10, 1, 26-52.
+10, 1, 26--52.

Wandering Tree Problem
----------------------
diff --git a/Documentation/hwmon/tmp103.rst b/Documentation/hwmon/tmp103.rst
index b3ef81475cf8..051282bd88b7 100644
--- a/Documentation/hwmon/tmp103.rst
+++ b/Documentation/hwmon/tmp103.rst
@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ Description
The TMP103 is a digital output temperature sensor in a four-ball
wafer chip-scale package (WCSP). The TMP103 is capable of reading
temperatures to a resolution of 1°C. The TMP103 is specified for
-operation over a temperature range of -40°C to +125°C.
+operation over a temperature range of --40°C to +125°C.

Resolution: 8 Bits
-Accuracy: ±1°C Typ (-10°C to +100°C)
+Accuracy: ±1°C Typ (--10°C to +100°C)

The driver provides the common sysfs-interface for temperatures (see
Documentation/hwmon/sysfs-interface.rst under Temperatures).
diff --git a/Documentation/index.rst b/Documentation/index.rst
index 11cd806ea3a4..7ae88aa57d98 100644
--- a/Documentation/index.rst
+++ b/Documentation/index.rst
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ tree, as well as links to the full license text.
User-oriented documentation
---------------------------

-The following manuals are written for *users* of the kernel - those who are
+The following manuals are written for *users* of the kernel --- those who are
trying to get it to work optimally on a given system.

.. toctree::
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ Kernel API documentation
These books get into the details of how specific kernel subsystems work
from the point of view of a kernel developer. Much of the information here
is taken directly from the kernel source, with supplemental material added
-as needed (or at least as we managed to add it - probably *not* all that is
+as needed (or at least as we managed to add it --- probably *not* all that is
needed).

.. toctree::
diff --git a/Documentation/infiniband/tag_matching.rst b/Documentation/infiniband/tag_matching.rst
index b89528a31d10..2c26f76e43f9 100644
--- a/Documentation/infiniband/tag_matching.rst
+++ b/Documentation/infiniband/tag_matching.rst
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ match the following source and destination parameters:

* Communicator
* User tag - wild card may be specified by the receiver
-* Source rank - wild car may be specified by the receiver
-* Destination rank - wild
+* Source rank -- wild car may be specified by the receiver
+* Destination rank -- wild

The ordering rules require that when more than one pair of send and receive
message envelopes may match, the pair that includes the earliest posted-send
diff --git a/Documentation/networking/device_drivers/ethernet/intel/i40e.rst b/Documentation/networking/device_drivers/ethernet/intel/i40e.rst
index 64024c77c9ca..e3e52b0e6b5e 100644
--- a/Documentation/networking/device_drivers/ethernet/intel/i40e.rst
+++ b/Documentation/networking/device_drivers/ethernet/intel/i40e.rst
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ Director rule is added from ethtool (Sideband filter), ATR is turned off by the
driver. To re-enable ATR, the sideband can be disabled with the ethtool -K
option. For example::

- ethtool -K [adapter] ntuple [off|on]
+ ethtool --K [adapter] ntuple [off|on]

If sideband is re-enabled after ATR is re-enabled, ATR remains enabled until a
TCP-IP flow is added. When all TCP-IP sideband rules are deleted, ATR is
@@ -688,7 +688,7 @@ shaper bw_rlimit: for each tc, sets minimum and maximum bandwidth rates.
Totals must be equal or less than port speed.

For example: min_rate 1Gbit 3Gbit: Verify bandwidth limit using network
-monitoring tools such as ifstat or sar -n DEV [interval] [number of samples]
+monitoring tools such as ifstat or sar --n DEV [interval] [number of samples]

2. Enable HW TC offload on interface::

diff --git a/Documentation/networking/device_drivers/ethernet/intel/iavf.rst b/Documentation/networking/device_drivers/ethernet/intel/iavf.rst
index 25e98494b385..44d2f85738b1 100644
--- a/Documentation/networking/device_drivers/ethernet/intel/iavf.rst
+++ b/Documentation/networking/device_drivers/ethernet/intel/iavf.rst
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ shaper bw_rlimit: for each tc, sets minimum and maximum bandwidth rates.
Totals must be equal or less than port speed.

For example: min_rate 1Gbit 3Gbit: Verify bandwidth limit using network
-monitoring tools such as ifstat or sar -n DEV [interval] [number of samples]
+monitoring tools such as ifstat or sar --n DEV [interval] [number of samples]

NOTE:
Setting up channels via ethtool (ethtool -L) is not supported when the
diff --git a/Documentation/riscv/vm-layout.rst b/Documentation/riscv/vm-layout.rst
index 545f8ab51f1a..05615b3021bb 100644
--- a/Documentation/riscv/vm-layout.rst
+++ b/Documentation/riscv/vm-layout.rst
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ RISC-V Linux Kernel 64bit
=========================

The RISC-V privileged architecture document states that the 64bit addresses
-"must have bits 63-48 all equal to bit 47, or else a page-fault exception will
+"must have bits 63--48 all equal to bit 47, or else a page-fault exception will
occur.": that splits the virtual address space into 2 halves separated by a very
big hole, the lower half is where the userspace resides, the upper half is where
the RISC-V Linux Kernel resides.
diff --git a/Documentation/scheduler/sched-deadline.rst b/Documentation/scheduler/sched-deadline.rst
index 0ff353ecf24e..b261ec2ab2ef 100644
--- a/Documentation/scheduler/sched-deadline.rst
+++ b/Documentation/scheduler/sched-deadline.rst
@@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ Deadline Task Scheduling
pp 760-768, 2005.
10 - J. Goossens, S. Funk and S. Baruah, Priority-Driven Scheduling of
Periodic Task Systems on Multiprocessors. Real-Time Systems Journal,
- vol. 25, no. 2-3, pp. 187-205, 2003.
+ vol. 25, no. 2--3, pp. 187--205, 2003.
11 - R. Davis and A. Burns. A Survey of Hard Real-Time Scheduling for
Multiprocessor Systems. ACM Computing Surveys, vol. 43, no. 4, 2011.
http://www-users.cs.york.ac.uk/~robdavis/papers/MPSurveyv5.0.pdf
diff --git a/Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/biblio.rst b/Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/biblio.rst
index 6e07b78bd39d..7b8e6738ff9e 100644
--- a/Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/biblio.rst
+++ b/Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/biblio.rst
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ ISO 13818-1
===========

-:title: ITU-T Rec. H.222.0 | ISO/IEC 13818-1 "Information technology - Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: Systems"
+:title: ITU-T Rec. H.222.0 | ISO/IEC 13818-1 "Information technology --- Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: Systems"

:author: International Telecommunication Union (http://www.itu.ch), International Organisation for Standardisation (http://www.iso.ch)

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ ISO 13818-2
===========

-:title: ITU-T Rec. H.262 | ISO/IEC 13818-2 "Information technology - Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: Video"
+:title: ITU-T Rec. H.262 | ISO/IEC 13818-2 "Information technology --- Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: Video"

:author: International Telecommunication Union (http://www.itu.ch), International Organisation for Standardisation (http://www.iso.ch)

@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ ITU-T.81
========

-:title: ITU-T Recommendation T.81 "Information Technology - Digital Compression and Coding of Continous-Tone Still Images - Requirements and Guidelines"
+:title: ITU-T Recommendation T.81 "Information Technology --- Digital Compression and Coding of Continous-Tone Still Images --- Requirements and Guidelines"

:author: International Telecommunication Union (http://www.itu.int)

@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ ISO 12232:2006
==============

-:title: Photography - Digital still cameras - Determination of exposure index, ISO speed ratings, standard output sensitivity, and recommended exposure index
+:title: Photography --- Digital still cameras --- Determination of exposure index, ISO speed ratings, standard output sensitivity, and recommended exposure index

:author: International Organization for Standardization (http://www.iso.org)

diff --git a/Documentation/virt/kvm/running-nested-guests.rst b/Documentation/virt/kvm/running-nested-guests.rst
index e9dff3fea055..8b83b86560da 100644
--- a/Documentation/virt/kvm/running-nested-guests.rst
+++ b/Documentation/virt/kvm/running-nested-guests.rst
@@ -26,12 +26,12 @@ this document is built on this example)::

Terminology:

-- L0 - level-0; the bare metal host, running KVM
+- L0 -- level-0; the bare metal host, running KVM

-- L1 - level-1 guest; a VM running on L0; also called the "guest
+- L1 -- level-1 guest; a VM running on L0; also called the "guest
hypervisor", as it itself is capable of running KVM.

-- L2 - level-2 guest; a VM running on L1, this is the "nested guest"
+- L2 -- level-2 guest; a VM running on L1, this is the "nested guest"

.. note:: The above diagram is modelled after the x86 architecture;
s390x, ppc64 and other architectures are likely to have
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ Terminology:

For example, s390x always has an LPAR (LogicalPARtition)
hypervisor running on bare metal, adding another layer and
- resulting in at least four levels in a nested setup - L0 (bare
+ resulting in at least four levels in a nested setup --- L0 (bare
metal, running the LPAR hypervisor), L1 (host hypervisor), L2
(guest hypervisor), L3 (nested guest).

@@ -167,11 +167,11 @@ Enabling "nested" (s390x)
$ modprobe kvm nested=1

.. note:: On s390x, the kernel parameter ``hpage`` is mutually exclusive
- with the ``nested`` paramter - i.e. to be able to enable
+ with the ``nested`` paramter --- i.e. to be able to enable
``nested``, the ``hpage`` parameter *must* be disabled.

2. The guest hypervisor (L1) must be provided with the ``sie`` CPU
- feature - with QEMU, this can be done by using "host passthrough"
+ feature --- with QEMU, this can be done by using "host passthrough"
(via the command-line ``-cpu host``).

3. Now the KVM module can be loaded in the L1 (guest hypervisor)::