[PATCH v10 11/12] mm/vmalloc: Hugepage vmalloc mappings

Nicholas Piggin
2021-01-24T08:26:10Z

Support huge page vmalloc mappings. Config option HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMALLOC
enables support on architectures that define HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMAP and
supports PMD sized vmap mappings.

vmalloc will attempt to allocate PMD-sized pages if allocating PMD size
or larger, and fall back to small pages if that was unsuccessful.

Architectures must ensure that any arch specific vmalloc allocations
that require PAGE_SIZE mappings (e.g., module allocations vs strict
module rwx) use the VM_NOHUGE flag to inhibit larger mappings.

When hugepage vmalloc mappings are enabled in the next patch, this
reduces TLB misses by nearly 30x on a `git diff` workload on a 2-node
POWER9 (59,800 -> 2,100) and reduces CPU cycles by 0.54%.

This can result in more internal fragmentation and memory overhead for a
given allocation, an option nohugevmalloc is added to disable at boot.

Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
---
arch/Kconfig | 10 +++
include/linux/vmalloc.h | 18 ++++
mm/page_alloc.c | 5 +-
mm/vmalloc.c | 192 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------
4 files changed, 177 insertions(+), 48 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/Kconfig b/arch/Kconfig
index 24862d15f3a3..f87feb616184 100644
--- a/arch/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/Kconfig
@@ -724,6 +724,16 @@ config HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_PUD
config HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMAP
bool

+config HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMALLOC
+ depends on HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMAP
+ bool
+ help
+ Archs that select this would be capable of PMD-sized vmaps (i.e.,
+ arch_vmap_pmd_supported() returns true), and they must make no
+ assumptions that vmalloc memory is mapped with PAGE_SIZE ptes. The
+ VM_NOHUGE flag can be used to prohibit arch-specific allocations from
+ using hugepages to help with this (e.g., modules may require it).
+
config ARCH_WANT_HUGE_PMD_SHARE
bool

diff --git a/include/linux/vmalloc.h b/include/linux/vmalloc.h
index 40649c4bb5a2..2ba023daf188 100644
--- a/include/linux/vmalloc.h
+++ b/include/linux/vmalloc.h
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ struct notifier_block; /* in notifier.h */
#define VM_NO_GUARD 0x00000040 /* don't add guard page */
#define VM_KASAN 0x00000080 /* has allocated kasan shadow memory */
#define VM_MAP_PUT_PAGES 0x00000100 /* put pages and free array in vfree */
+#define VM_NOHUGE 0x00000200 /* force PAGE_SIZE pte mapping */

/*
* VM_KASAN is used slighly differently depending on CONFIG_KASAN_VMALLOC.
@@ -59,6 +60,7 @@ struct vm_struct {
unsigned long size;
unsigned long flags;
struct page **pages;
+ unsigned int page_order;
unsigned int nr_pages;
phys_addr_t phys_addr;
const void *caller;
@@ -194,6 +196,18 @@ static inline void set_vm_flush_reset_perms(void *addr)
if (vm)
vm->flags |= VM_FLUSH_RESET_PERMS;
}
+
+static inline bool is_vm_area_hugepages(const void *addr)
+{
+ /*
+ * This may not 100% tell if the area is mapped with > PAGE_SIZE
+ * page table entries, if for some reason the architecture indicates
+ * larger sizes are available but decides not to use them, nothing
+ * prevents that. This only indicates the size of the physical page
+ * allocated in the vmalloc layer.
+ */
+ return (find_vm_area(addr)->page_order > 0);
+}
#else
static inline int
map_kernel_range_noflush(unsigned long start, unsigned long size,
@@ -210,6 +224,10 @@ unmap_kernel_range_noflush(unsigned long addr, unsigned long size)
static inline void set_vm_flush_reset_perms(void *addr)
{
}
+static inline bool is_vm_area_hugepages(const void *addr)
+{
+ return false;
+}
#endif

/* for /dev/kmem */
diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index 027f6481ba59..b7a9661fa232 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@
#include <linux/padata.h>
#include <linux/khugepaged.h>
#include <linux/buffer_head.h>
+#include <linux/vmalloc.h>

#include <asm/sections.h>
#include <asm/tlbflush.h>
@@ -8238,6 +8239,7 @@ void *__init alloc_large_system_hash(const char *tablename,
void *table = NULL;
gfp_t gfp_flags;
bool virt;
+ bool huge;

/* allow the kernel cmdline to have a say */
if (!numentries) {
@@ -8305,6 +8307,7 @@ void *__init alloc_large_system_hash(const char *tablename,
} else if (get_order(size) >= MAX_ORDER || hashdist) {
table = __vmalloc(size, gfp_flags);
virt = true;
+ huge = is_vm_area_hugepages(table);
} else {
/*
* If bucketsize is not a power-of-two, we may free
@@ -8321,7 +8324,7 @@ void *__init alloc_large_system_hash(const char *tablename,

pr_info("%s hash table entries: %ld (order: %d, %lu bytes, %s)\n",
tablename, 1UL << log2qty, ilog2(size) - PAGE_SHIFT, size,
- virt ? "vmalloc" : "linear");
+ virt ? (huge ? "vmalloc hugepage" : "vmalloc") : "linear");

if (_hash_shift)
*_hash_shift = log2qty;
diff --git a/mm/vmalloc.c b/mm/vmalloc.c
index 0377e1d059e5..eef61e0f5170 100644
--- a/mm/vmalloc.c
+++ b/mm/vmalloc.c
@@ -42,6 +42,19 @@
#include "internal.h"
#include "pgalloc-track.h"

+#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMALLOC
+static bool __ro_after_init vmap_allow_huge = true;
+
+static int __init set_nohugevmalloc(char *str)
+{
+ vmap_allow_huge = false;
+ return 0;
+}
+early_param("nohugevmalloc", set_nohugevmalloc);
+#else /* CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMALLOC */
+static const bool vmap_allow_huge = false;
+#endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMALLOC */
+
bool is_vmalloc_addr(const void *x)
{
unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)x;
@@ -477,31 +490,12 @@ static int vmap_pages_p4d_range(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr,
return 0;
}

-/**
- * map_kernel_range_noflush - map kernel VM area with the specified pages
- * @addr: start of the VM area to map
- * @size: size of the VM area to map
- * @prot: page protection flags to use
- * @pages: pages to map
- *
- * Map PFN_UP(@size) pages at @addr. The VM area @addr and @size specify should
- * have been allocated using get_vm_area() and its friends.
- *
- * NOTE:
- * This function does NOT do any cache flushing. The caller is responsible for
- * calling flush_cache_vmap() on to-be-mapped areas before calling this
- * function.
- *
- * RETURNS:
- * 0 on success, -errno on failure.
- */
-int map_kernel_range_noflush(unsigned long addr, unsigned long size,
- pgprot_t prot, struct page **pages)
+static int vmap_small_pages_range_noflush(unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
+ pgprot_t prot, struct page **pages)
{
unsigned long start = addr;
- unsigned long end = addr + size;
- unsigned long next;
pgd_t *pgd;
+ unsigned long next;
int err = 0;
int nr = 0;
pgtbl_mod_mask mask = 0;
@@ -523,6 +517,65 @@ int map_kernel_range_noflush(unsigned long addr, unsigned long size,
return 0;
}

+static int vmap_pages_range_noflush(unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
+ pgprot_t prot, struct page **pages, unsigned int page_shift)
+{
+ unsigned int i, nr = (end - addr) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+
+ WARN_ON(page_shift < PAGE_SHIFT);
+
+ if (page_shift == PAGE_SHIFT)
+ return vmap_small_pages_range_noflush(addr, end, prot, pages);
+
+ for (i = 0; i < nr; i += 1U << (page_shift - PAGE_SHIFT)) {
+ int err;
+
+ err = vmap_range_noflush(addr, addr + (1UL << page_shift),
+ __pa(page_address(pages[i])), prot,
+ page_shift);
+ if (err)
+ return err;
+
+ addr += 1UL << page_shift;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int vmap_pages_range(unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
+ pgprot_t prot, struct page **pages, unsigned int page_shift)
+{
+ int err;
+
+ err = vmap_pages_range_noflush(addr, end, prot, pages, page_shift);
+ flush_cache_vmap(addr, end);
+ return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * map_kernel_range_noflush - map kernel VM area with the specified pages
+ * @addr: start of the VM area to map
+ * @size: size of the VM area to map
+ * @prot: page protection flags to use
+ * @pages: pages to map
+ *
+ * Map PFN_UP(@size) pages at @addr. The VM area @addr and @size specify should
+ * have been allocated using get_vm_area() and its friends.
+ *
+ * NOTE:
+ * This function does NOT do any cache flushing. The caller is responsible for
+ * calling flush_cache_vmap() on to-be-mapped areas before calling this
+ * function.
+ *
+ * RETURNS:
+ * 0 on success, -errno on failure.
+ */
+int map_kernel_range_noflush(unsigned long addr, unsigned long size,
+ pgprot_t prot, struct page **pages)
+{
+ return vmap_pages_range_noflush(addr, addr + size, prot, pages, PAGE_SHIFT);
+}
+
int map_kernel_range(unsigned long start, unsigned long size, pgprot_t prot,
struct page **pages)
{
@@ -2416,6 +2469,7 @@ static inline void set_area_direct_map(const struct vm_struct *area,
{
int i;

+ /* HUGE_VMALLOC passes small pages to set_direct_map */
for (i = 0; i < area->nr_pages; i++)
if (page_address(area->pages[i]))
set_direct_map(area->pages[i]);
@@ -2449,11 +2503,12 @@ static void vm_remove_mappings(struct vm_struct *area, int deallocate_pages)
* map. Find the start and end range of the direct mappings to make sure
* the vm_unmap_aliases() flush includes the direct map.
*/
- for (i = 0; i < area->nr_pages; i++) {
+ for (i = 0; i < area->nr_pages; i += 1U << area->page_order) {
unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)page_address(area->pages[i]);
if (addr) {
+ unsigned long page_size = PAGE_SIZE << area->page_order;
start = min(addr, start);
- end = max(addr + PAGE_SIZE, end);
+ end = max(addr + page_size, end);
flush_dmap = 1;
}
}
@@ -2496,11 +2551,11 @@ static void __vunmap(const void *addr, int deallocate_pages)
if (deallocate_pages) {
int i;

- for (i = 0; i < area->nr_pages; i++) {
+ for (i = 0; i < area->nr_pages; i += 1U << area->page_order) {
struct page *page = area->pages[i];

BUG_ON(!page);
- __free_pages(page, 0);
+ __free_pages(page, area->page_order);
}
atomic_long_sub(area->nr_pages, &nr_vmalloc_pages);

@@ -2691,15 +2746,18 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(vmap_pfn);
#endif /* CONFIG_VMAP_PFN */

static void *__vmalloc_area_node(struct vm_struct *area, gfp_t gfp_mask,
- pgprot_t prot, int node)
+ pgprot_t prot, unsigned int page_shift,
+ int node)
{
const gfp_t nested_gfp = (gfp_mask & GFP_RECLAIM_MASK) | __GFP_ZERO;
- unsigned int nr_pages = get_vm_area_size(area) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
- unsigned long array_size;
- unsigned int i;
+ unsigned int page_order = page_shift - PAGE_SHIFT;
+ unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)area->addr;
+ unsigned long size = get_vm_area_size(area);
+ unsigned int nr_small_pages = size >> PAGE_SHIFT;
struct page **pages;
+ unsigned int i;

- array_size = (unsigned long)nr_pages * sizeof(struct page *);
+ array_size = (unsigned long)nr_small_pages * sizeof(struct page *);
gfp_mask |= __GFP_NOWARN;
if (!(gfp_mask & (GFP_DMA | GFP_DMA32)))
gfp_mask |= __GFP_HIGHMEM;
@@ -2718,30 +2776,35 @@ static void *__vmalloc_area_node(struct vm_struct *area, gfp_t gfp_mask,
}

area->pages = pages;
- area->nr_pages = nr_pages;
+ area->nr_pages = nr_small_pages;
+ area->page_order = page_order;

- for (i = 0; i < area->nr_pages; i++) {
+ /*
+ * Careful, we allocate and map page_order pages, but tracking is done
+ * per PAGE_SIZE page so as to keep the vm_struct APIs independent of
+ * the physical/mapped size.
+ */
+ for (i = 0; i < area->nr_pages; i += 1U << page_order) {
struct page *page;
+ int p;

- if (node == NUMA_NO_NODE)
- page = alloc_page(gfp_mask);
- else
- page = alloc_pages_node(node, gfp_mask, 0);
-
+ page = alloc_pages_node(node, gfp_mask, page_order);
if (unlikely(!page)) {
/* Successfully allocated i pages, free them in __vfree() */
area->nr_pages = i;
atomic_long_add(area->nr_pages, &nr_vmalloc_pages);
goto fail;
}
- area->pages[i] = page;
+
+ for (p = 0; p < (1U << page_order); p++)
+ area->pages[i + p] = page + p;
+
if (gfpflags_allow_blocking(gfp_mask))
cond_resched();
}
atomic_long_add(area->nr_pages, &nr_vmalloc_pages);

- if (map_kernel_range((unsigned long)area->addr, get_vm_area_size(area),
- prot, pages) < 0)
+ if (vmap_pages_range(addr, addr + size, prot, pages, page_shift) < 0)
goto fail;

return area->addr;
@@ -2749,7 +2812,7 @@ static void *__vmalloc_area_node(struct vm_struct *area, gfp_t gfp_mask,
fail:
warn_alloc(gfp_mask, NULL,
"vmalloc: allocation failure, allocated %ld of %ld bytes",
- (area->nr_pages*PAGE_SIZE), area->size);
+ (area->nr_pages*PAGE_SIZE), size);
__vfree(area->addr);
return NULL;
}
@@ -2780,19 +2843,44 @@ void *__vmalloc_node_range(unsigned long size, unsigned long align,
struct vm_struct *area;
void *addr;
unsigned long real_size = size;
+ unsigned long real_align = align;
+ unsigned int shift = PAGE_SHIFT;

- size = PAGE_ALIGN(size);
if (!size || (size >> PAGE_SHIFT) > totalram_pages())
goto fail;

- area = __get_vm_area_node(real_size, align, VM_ALLOC | VM_UNINITIALIZED |
+ if (vmap_allow_huge && !(vm_flags & VM_NOHUGE) &&
+ arch_vmap_pmd_supported(prot) &&
+ (pgprot_val(prot) == pgprot_val(PAGE_KERNEL))) {
+ unsigned long size_per_node;
+
+ /*
+ * Try huge pages. Only try for PAGE_KERNEL allocations,
+ * others like modules don't yet expect huge pages in
+ * their allocations due to apply_to_page_range not
+ * supporting them.
+ */
+
+ size_per_node = size;
+ if (node == NUMA_NO_NODE)
+ size_per_node /= num_online_nodes();
+ if (size_per_node >= PMD_SIZE) {
+ shift = PMD_SHIFT;
+ align = max(real_align, 1UL << shift);
+ size = ALIGN(real_size, 1UL << shift);
+ }
+ }
+
+again:
+ size = PAGE_ALIGN(size);
+ area = __get_vm_area_node(size, align, VM_ALLOC | VM_UNINITIALIZED |
vm_flags, start, end, node, gfp_mask, caller);
if (!area)
goto fail;

- addr = __vmalloc_area_node(area, gfp_mask, prot, node);
+ addr = __vmalloc_area_node(area, gfp_mask, prot, shift, node);
if (!addr)
- return NULL;
+ goto fail;

/*
* In this function, newly allocated vm_struct has VM_UNINITIALIZED
@@ -2806,8 +2894,18 @@ void *__vmalloc_node_range(unsigned long size, unsigned long align,
return addr;

fail:
- warn_alloc(gfp_mask, NULL,
+ if (shift > PAGE_SHIFT) {
+ shift = PAGE_SHIFT;
+ align = real_align;
+ size = real_size;
+ goto again;
+ }
+
+ if (!area) {
+ /* Warn for area allocation, page allocations already warn */
+ warn_alloc(gfp_mask, NULL,
"vmalloc: allocation failure: %lu bytes", real_size);
+ }
return NULL;
}

--
2.23.0