[PATCH 01/18] asm-generic/barrier: add generic nospec helpers

Dan Williams
2018-01-06T01:18:12Z

From: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>

Under speculation, CPUs may mis-predict branches in bounds checks. Thus,
memory accesses under a bounds check may be speculated even if the
bounds check fails, providing a primitive for building a side channel.

This patch adds helpers which can be used to inhibit the use of
out-of-bounds pointers under speculation.

A generic implementation is provided for compatibility, but does not
guarantee safety under speculation. Architectures are expected to
override these helpers as necessary.

Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Daniel Willams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
---
include/asm-generic/barrier.h | 68 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
1 file changed, 68 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/asm-generic/barrier.h b/include/asm-generic/barrier.h
index fe297b599b0a..91c3071f49e5 100644
--- a/include/asm-generic/barrier.h
+++ b/include/asm-generic/barrier.h
@@ -54,6 +54,74 @@
#define read_barrier_depends() do { } while (0)
#endif

+/*
+ * Inhibit subsequent speculative memory accesses.
+ *
+ * Architectures with a suitable memory barrier should provide an
+ * implementation. This is non-portable, and generic code should use
+ * nospec_ptr().
+ */
+#ifndef __nospec_barrier
+#define __nospec_barrier() do { } while (0)
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * nospec_ptr() - Ensure a pointer is bounded, even under speculation.
+ *
+ * @ptr: the pointer to test
+ * @lo: the lower valid bound for @ptr, inclusive
+ * @hi: the upper valid bound for @ptr, exclusive
+ *
+ * If @ptr falls in the interval [@lo, @i), returns @ptr, otherwise returns
+ * NULL.
+ *
+ * Architectures which do not provide __nospec_barrier() should override this
+ * to ensure that ptr falls in the [lo, hi) interval both under architectural
+ * execution and under speculation, preventing propagation of an out-of-bounds
+ * pointer to code which is speculatively executed.
+ */
+#ifndef nospec_ptr
+#define nospec_ptr(ptr, lo, hi) \
+({ \
+ typeof (ptr) __ret; \
+ typeof (ptr) __ptr = (ptr); \
+ typeof (ptr) __lo = (lo); \
+ typeof (ptr) __hi = (hi); \
+ \
+ __ret = (__lo <= __ptr && __ptr < __hi) ? __ptr : NULL; \
+ \
+ __nospec_barrier(); \
+ \
+ __ret; \
+})
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * nospec_array_ptr - Generate a pointer to an array element, ensuring the
+ * pointer is bounded under speculation.
+ *
+ * @arr: the base of the array
+ * @idx: the index of the element
+ * @sz: the number of elements in the array
+ *
+ * If @idx falls in the interval [0, @sz), returns the pointer to @arr[@idx],
+ * otherwise returns NULL.
+ *
+ * This is a wrapper around nospec_ptr(), provided for convenience.
+ * Architectures should implement nospec_ptr() to ensure this is the case
+ * under speculation.
+ */
+#define nospec_array_ptr(arr, idx, sz) \
+({ \
+ typeof(*(arr)) *__arr = (arr); \
+ typeof(idx) __idx = (idx); \
+ typeof(sz) __sz = (sz); \
+ \
+ nospec_ptr(__arr + __idx, __arr, __arr + __sz); \
+})
+
+#undef __nospec_barrier
+
#ifndef __smp_mb
#define __smp_mb() mb()
#endif