Re: [PATCH v9 0/5] Add NUMA-awareness to qspinlock

Lihao Liang
2020-01-26T00:32:49Z

Hi Alex and Waiman,

Thanks a lot for your swift response and clarification.

On Wed, Jan 22, 2020 at 7:30 PM Alex Kogan <alex.kogan@oracle.com> wrote:
>
> Hi, Lihao.
>
> > On Jan 22, 2020, at 6:45 AM, Lihao Liang <lihaoliang@google.com> wrote:
> >
> > Hi Alex,
> >
> > On Wed, Jan 22, 2020 at 10:28 AM Alex Kogan <alex.kogan@oracle.com> wrote:
> >>
> >> Summary
> >> -------
> >>
> >> Lock throughput can be increased by handing a lock to a waiter on the
> >> same NUMA node as the lock holder, provided care is taken to avoid
> >> starvation of waiters on other NUMA nodes. This patch introduces CNA
> >> (compact NUMA-aware lock) as the slow path for qspinlock. It is
> >> enabled through a configuration option (NUMA_AWARE_SPINLOCKS).
> >>
> >
> > Thanks for your patches. The experimental results look promising!
> >
> > I understand that the new CNA qspinlock uses randomization to achieve
> > long-term fairness, and provides the numa_spinlock_threshold parameter
> > for users to tune.
> This has been the case in the first versions of the series, but is not true anymore.
> That is, the long-term fairness is achieved deterministically (and you are correct
> that it is done through the numa_spinlock_threshold parameter).
>
> > As Linux runs extremely diverse workloads, it is not
> > clear how randomization affects its fairness, and how users with
> > different requirements are supposed to tune this parameter.
> >
> > To this end, Will and I consider it beneficial to be able to answer the
> > following question:
> >
> > With different values of numa_spinlock_threshold and
> > SHUFFLE_REDUCTION_PROB_ARG, how long do threads running on different
> > sockets have to wait to acquire the lock?
> The SHUFFLE_REDUCTION_PROB_ARG parameter is intended for performance
> optimization only, and *does not* affect the long-term fairness (or, at the
> very least, does not make it any worse). As Longman correctly pointed out in
> his response to this email, the shuffle reduction optimization is relevant only
> when the secondary queue is empty. In that case, CNA hands-off the lock
> exactly as MCS does, i.e., in the FIFO order. Note that when the secondary
> queue is not empty, we do not call probably().
>
> > This is particularly relevant
> > in high contention situations when new threads keep arriving on the same
> > socket as the lock holder.
> In this case, the lock will stay on the same NUMA node/socket for
> 2^numa_spinlock_threshold times, which is the worst case scenario if we
> consider the long-term fairness. And if we have multiple nodes, it will take
> up to 2^numa_spinlock_threshold X (nr_nodes - 1) + nr_cpus_per_node
> lock transitions until any given thread will acquire the lock
> (assuming 2^numa_spinlock_threshold > nr_cpus_per_node).
>

You're right that the latest version of the patch handles long-term fairness
deterministically.

As I understand it, the n-th thread in the main queue is guaranteed to
acquire the lock after N lock handovers, where N is bounded by

n - 1 + 2^numa_spinlock_threshold * (nr_nodes - 1)

I'm not sure what role the variable nr_cpus_per_node plays in your analysis.

Do I miss anything?

Many thanks,
Lihao.

> Hopefully, it addresses your concern. Let me know if you have any further
> questions.
>
> Best regards,
> — Alex