[PATCH v5 2/2] arm64: Add workaround for Arm Cortex-A77 erratum 1508412

Rob Herring
2020-09-09T23:14:47Z

On Cortex-A77 r0p0 and r1p0, a sequence of a non-cacheable or device load
and a store exclusive or PAR_EL1 read can cause a deadlock.

The workaround requires a DMB SY before and after a PAR_EL1 register
read. In addition, it's possible an interrupt (doing a device read) or
KVM guest exit could be taken between the DMB and PAR read, so we need
to also disable interrupts around PAR reads and need a DMB before
returning to a guest.

A deadlock is still possible with the workaround as KVM guests must also
have the workaround. IOW, a malicious guest can deadlock an affected
systems.

This workaround also depends on a firmware counterpart to enable the h/w
to insert DMB SY after load and store exclusive instructions. See the
errata document SDEN-1152370 v10 [1] for more information.

[1] https://static.docs.arm.com/101992/0010/Arm_Cortex_A77_MP074_Software_Developer_Errata_Notice_v10.pdf

Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Cc: Suzuki K Poulose <suzuki.poulose@arm.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Cc: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
Cc: Julien Thierry <julien.thierry.kdev@gmail.com>
Cc: kvmarm@lists.cs.columbia.edu
Signed-off-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>
---
v5:
- Rebase on v5.9-rc3
- Disable interrupts around PAR reads
- Add DMB on return to guest

v4:
- Move read_sysreg_par out of KVM code to sysreg.h to share
- Also use read_sysreg_par in fault.c and kvm/sys_regs.c
- Use alternative f/w for dmbs around PAR read
- Use cpus_have_final_cap instead of cpus_have_const_cap
- Add note about speculation of PAR read

v3:
- Add dmbs around PAR reads in KVM code
- Clean-up 'work-around' and 'errata'

v2:
- Don't disable KVM, just print warning
---
Documentation/arm64/silicon-errata.rst | 2 ++
arch/arm64/Kconfig | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
arch/arm64/include/asm/cpucaps.h | 3 ++-
arch/arm64/include/asm/sysreg.h | 12 ++++++++++++
arch/arm64/kernel/cpu_errata.c | 10 ++++++++++
arch/arm64/kvm/arm.c | 3 ++-
arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/include/hyp/switch.h | 21 +++++++++++++--------
arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/include/hyp/sysreg-sr.h | 2 +-
arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/switch.c | 2 +-
arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/vhe/switch.c | 2 +-
arch/arm64/kvm/sys_regs.c | 2 +-
arch/arm64/mm/fault.c | 2 +-
12 files changed, 66 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/arm64/silicon-errata.rst b/Documentation/arm64/silicon-errata.rst
index d3587805de64..719510247292 100644
--- a/Documentation/arm64/silicon-errata.rst
+++ b/Documentation/arm64/silicon-errata.rst
@@ -90,6 +90,8 @@ stable kernels.
+----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------------------+
| ARM | Cortex-A76 | #1463225 | ARM64_ERRATUM_1463225 |
+----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------------------+
+| ARM | Cortex-A77 | #1508412 | ARM64_ERRATUM_1508412 |
++----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------------------+
| ARM | Neoverse-N1 | #1188873,1418040| ARM64_ERRATUM_1418040 |
+----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------------------+
| ARM | Neoverse-N1 | #1349291 | N/A |
diff --git a/arch/arm64/Kconfig b/arch/arm64/Kconfig
index 6d232837cbee..9ba14ff06cd6 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/arm64/Kconfig
@@ -626,6 +626,26 @@ config ARM64_ERRATUM_1542419

If unsure, say Y.

+config ARM64_ERRATUM_1508412
+ bool "Cortex-A77: 1508412: workaround deadlock on sequence of NC/Device load and store exclusive or PAR read"
+ default y
+ help
+ This option adds a workaround for Arm Cortex-A77 erratum 1508412.
+
+ Affected Cortex-A77 cores (r0p0, r1p0) could deadlock on a sequence
+ of a store-exclusive or read of PAR_EL1 and a load with device or
+ non-cacheable memory attributes. The workaround depends on a firmware
+ counterpart.
+
+ KVM guests must also have the workaround implemented or they can
+ deadlock the system.
+
+ Work around the issue by inserting DMB SY barriers around PAR_EL1
+ register reads and warning KVM users. The DMB barrier is sufficient
+ to prevent a speculative PAR_EL1 read.
+
+ If unsure, say Y.
+
config CAVIUM_ERRATUM_22375
bool "Cavium erratum 22375, 24313"
default y
diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/cpucaps.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/cpucaps.h
index 07b643a70710..f184142b6e5a 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/cpucaps.h
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/cpucaps.h
@@ -64,7 +64,8 @@
#define ARM64_BTI 54
#define ARM64_HAS_ARMv8_4_TTL 55
#define ARM64_HAS_TLB_RANGE 56
+#define ARM64_WORKAROUND_1508412 57

-#define ARM64_NCAPS 57
+#define ARM64_NCAPS 58

#endif /* __ASM_CPUCAPS_H */
diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/sysreg.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/sysreg.h
index 554a7e8ecb07..55dfff8ca466 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/sysreg.h
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/sysreg.h
@@ -943,6 +943,7 @@

#include <linux/build_bug.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <asm/alternative.h>

#define __DEFINE_MRS_MSR_S_REGNUM \
" .irp num,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30\n" \
@@ -1024,6 +1025,17 @@
write_sysreg(__scs_new, sysreg); \
} while (0)

+#define read_sysreg_par() ({ \
+ unsigned long flags; \
+ u64 par; \
+ local_irq_save(flags); \
+ asm(ALTERNATIVE("nop", "dmb sy", ARM64_WORKAROUND_1508412)); \
+ par = read_sysreg(par_el1); \
+ asm(ALTERNATIVE("nop", "dmb sy", ARM64_WORKAROUND_1508412)); \
+ local_irq_restore(flags); \
+ par; \
+})
+
#endif

#endif /* __ASM_SYSREG_H */
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/cpu_errata.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/cpu_errata.c
index c332d49780dc..b8ac7d1b2182 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kernel/cpu_errata.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/cpu_errata.c
@@ -952,6 +952,16 @@ const struct arm64_cpu_capabilities arm64_errata[] = {
.matches = has_neoverse_n1_erratum_1542419,
.cpu_enable = cpu_enable_trap_ctr_access,
},
+#endif
+#ifdef CONFIG_ARM64_ERRATUM_1508412
+ {
+ /* we depend on the firmware portion for correctness */
+ .desc = "ARM erratum 1508412 (kernel portion)",
+ .capability = ARM64_WORKAROUND_1508412,
+ ERRATA_MIDR_RANGE(MIDR_CORTEX_A77,
+ 0, 0,
+ 1, 0),
+ },
#endif
{
}
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/arm.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/arm.c
index 46dc3d75cf13..79ead5c510ab 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kvm/arm.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/arm.c
@@ -1640,7 +1640,8 @@ int kvm_arch_init(void *opaque)
return -ENODEV;
}

- if (cpus_have_final_cap(ARM64_WORKAROUND_DEVICE_LOAD_ACQUIRE))
+ if (cpus_have_final_cap(ARM64_WORKAROUND_DEVICE_LOAD_ACQUIRE) ||
+ cpus_have_final_cap(ARM64_WORKAROUND_1508412))
kvm_info("Guests without required CPU erratum workarounds can deadlock system!\n" \
"Only trusted guests should be used on this system.\n");

diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/include/hyp/switch.h b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/include/hyp/switch.h
index 5b6b8fa00f0a..c48f4c59e933 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/include/hyp/switch.h
+++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/include/hyp/switch.h
@@ -145,9 +145,9 @@ static inline bool __translate_far_to_hpfar(u64 far, u64 *hpfar)
* We do need to save/restore PAR_EL1 though, as we haven't
* saved the guest context yet, and we may return early...
*/
- par = read_sysreg(par_el1);
+ par = read_sysreg_par();
if (!__kvm_at("s1e1r", far))
- tmp = read_sysreg(par_el1);
+ tmp = read_sysreg_par();
else
tmp = SYS_PAR_EL1_F; /* back to the guest */
write_sysreg(par, par_el1);
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ static inline bool fixup_guest_exit(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, u64 *exit_code)
if (cpus_have_final_cap(ARM64_WORKAROUND_CAVIUM_TX2_219_TVM) &&
kvm_vcpu_trap_get_class(vcpu) == ESR_ELx_EC_SYS64 &&
handle_tx2_tvm(vcpu))
- return true;
+ goto guest;

/*
* We trap the first access to the FP/SIMD to save the host context
@@ -434,13 +434,13 @@ static inline bool fixup_guest_exit(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, u64 *exit_code)
* Similarly for trapped SVE accesses.
*/
if (__hyp_handle_fpsimd(vcpu))
- return true;
+ goto guest;

if (__hyp_handle_ptrauth(vcpu))
- return true;
+ goto guest;

if (!__populate_fault_info(vcpu))
- return true;
+ goto guest;

if (static_branch_unlikely(&vgic_v2_cpuif_trap)) {
bool valid;
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ static inline bool fixup_guest_exit(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, u64 *exit_code)
int ret = __vgic_v2_perform_cpuif_access(vcpu);

if (ret == 1)
- return true;
+ goto guest;

/* Promote an illegal access to an SError.*/
if (ret == -1)
@@ -471,12 +471,17 @@ static inline bool fixup_guest_exit(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, u64 *exit_code)
int ret = __vgic_v3_perform_cpuif_access(vcpu);

if (ret == 1)
- return true;
+ goto guest;
}

exit:
/* Return to the host kernel and handle the exit */
return false;
+
+guest:
+ /* Re-enter the guest */
+ asm(ALTERNATIVE("nop", "dmb sy", ARM64_WORKAROUND_1508412));
+ return true;
}

static inline bool __needs_ssbd_off(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/include/hyp/sysreg-sr.h b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/include/hyp/sysreg-sr.h
index 7a986030145f..cce43bfe158f 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/include/hyp/sysreg-sr.h
+++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/include/hyp/sysreg-sr.h
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ static inline void __sysreg_save_el1_state(struct kvm_cpu_context *ctxt)
ctxt_sys_reg(ctxt, CONTEXTIDR_EL1) = read_sysreg_el1(SYS_CONTEXTIDR);
ctxt_sys_reg(ctxt, AMAIR_EL1) = read_sysreg_el1(SYS_AMAIR);
ctxt_sys_reg(ctxt, CNTKCTL_EL1) = read_sysreg_el1(SYS_CNTKCTL);
- ctxt_sys_reg(ctxt, PAR_EL1) = read_sysreg(par_el1);
+ ctxt_sys_reg(ctxt, PAR_EL1) = read_sysreg_par();
ctxt_sys_reg(ctxt, TPIDR_EL1) = read_sysreg(tpidr_el1);

ctxt_sys_reg(ctxt, SP_EL1) = read_sysreg(sp_el1);
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/switch.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/switch.c
index 0970442d2dbc..f4233cccf60b 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/switch.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/switch.c
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ void __noreturn hyp_panic(struct kvm_cpu_context *host_ctxt)
{
u64 spsr = read_sysreg_el2(SYS_SPSR);
u64 elr = read_sysreg_el2(SYS_ELR);
- u64 par = read_sysreg(par_el1);
+ u64 par = read_sysreg_par();
struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu = host_ctxt->__hyp_running_vcpu;
unsigned long str_va;

diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/vhe/switch.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/vhe/switch.c
index c1da4f86ccac..c2cb27e57318 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/vhe/switch.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/vhe/switch.c
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ void __noreturn hyp_panic(struct kvm_cpu_context *host_ctxt)
{
u64 spsr = read_sysreg_el2(SYS_SPSR);
u64 elr = read_sysreg_el2(SYS_ELR);
- u64 par = read_sysreg(par_el1);
+ u64 par = read_sysreg_par();

__hyp_call_panic(spsr, elr, par, host_ctxt);
unreachable();
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/sys_regs.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/sys_regs.c
index 077293b5115f..8d8d77794cc4 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kvm/sys_regs.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/sys_regs.c
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ static bool __vcpu_read_sys_reg_from_cpu(int reg, u64 *val)
case AMAIR_EL1: *val = read_sysreg_s(SYS_AMAIR_EL12); break;
case CNTKCTL_EL1: *val = read_sysreg_s(SYS_CNTKCTL_EL12); break;
case ELR_EL1: *val = read_sysreg_s(SYS_ELR_EL12); break;
- case PAR_EL1: *val = read_sysreg_s(SYS_PAR_EL1); break;
+ case PAR_EL1: *val = read_sysreg_par(); break;
case DACR32_EL2: *val = read_sysreg_s(SYS_DACR32_EL2); break;
case IFSR32_EL2: *val = read_sysreg_s(SYS_IFSR32_EL2); break;
case DBGVCR32_EL2: *val = read_sysreg_s(SYS_DBGVCR32_EL2); break;
diff --git a/arch/arm64/mm/fault.c b/arch/arm64/mm/fault.c
index f07333e86c2f..2dbd1d9aa3c7 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/mm/fault.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/mm/fault.c
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ static bool __kprobes is_spurious_el1_translation_fault(unsigned long addr,
local_irq_save(flags);
asm volatile("at s1e1r, %0" :: "r" (addr));
isb();
- par = read_sysreg(par_el1);
+ par = read_sysreg_par();
local_irq_restore(flags);

/*
--
2.25.1