[PATCH v2 00/15] Accounting for accurate progress reporting

[PATCH v2 00/15] Accounting for accurate progress reporting

[Nikita Ofitserov via B4 Relay]

This patch series introduces new per-btree accounting counters and uses
them for (hopefully) accurate progress reporting in recovery passes.
Also includes various assorted bugfixes.

The commit "Relax restrictions on the number of accounting 
counters" is optional, but will likely greatly improve the 
upgrade/tools version mismatch experience. Without it, all bree usage 
accounting will be thrown out and rebuilt on any version mismatch.

The commit "bcachefs_metadata_version_btree_node_accounting"
introduces the format change along with upgrade/downgrade table entries.

The first ten commits are drive-by fixes/improvements, especially 
"Improve check_allocations pass speed not in fsck", which should make
future accounting upgrades much faster (including this one).

Signed-off-by: Nikita Ofitserov <himikof@gmail.com>
---
Changes in v2:
- Reordered the format-change-dependent commits to the end
- Added the new metadata version, upgrade and downgrade entries
- Fixed an issue with hidden usage calculation after device removal
- Link to v1: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250827-better-progress-v1-0-74c24de7988a@gmail.com

---
Nikita Ofitserov (15):
      bcachefs: Introduce btree_leaf_has_triggers_mask
      bcachefs: Refactor bch2_gc_btree/bch2_gc_btrees
      bcachefs: Improve check_allocations pass speed when not in fsck
      bcachefs: Refactor/rename btree_type_has_ptrs
      bcachefs: Fix progress reporting for unknown btrees
      bcachefs: Partially fix old device removal with unknown btrees
      bcachefs: Fix missing c->usage updates from early recovery
      bcachefs: Optimize/fix bch2_dev_usage_remove
      bcachefs: Fix online hidden (sb+journal) data accounting
      bcachefs: Fix outdated documentation comment
      bcachefs: Relax restrictions on the number of accounting counters
      bcachefs: bcachefs_metadata_version_btree_node_accounting
      bcachefs: Use explicit node counts in progress reporting
      bcachefs: Better progress reporting for btree iteration without leaves
      bcachefs: More accurate progress reporting for inner node iteration

 fs/bcachefs/alloc_background.c       |  2 +-
 fs/bcachefs/backpointers.c           |  6 ++--
 fs/bcachefs/bcachefs_format.h        |  4 +--
 fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c               | 28 ++++++++++-----
 fs/bcachefs/btree_trans_commit.c     |  3 ++
 fs/bcachefs/btree_types.h            | 11 +++---
 fs/bcachefs/buckets.c                | 16 ++++++---
 fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.c        | 70 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------
 fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.h        | 16 +++++----
 fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting_format.h | 10 +++++-
 fs/bcachefs/migrate.c                | 18 ++++++----
 fs/bcachefs/move.c                   |  2 +-
 fs/bcachefs/progress.c               | 41 +++++++++++++++++----
 fs/bcachefs/progress.h               | 12 ++++++-
 fs/bcachefs/sb-downgrade.c           | 11 ++++--
 15 files changed, 184 insertions(+), 66 deletions(-)
---
base-commit: 753b29cc79897dd7f776fa09654196f5b25f8b96
change-id: 20250826-better-progress-835d946a3c38

Best regards,
-- 
Nikita Ofitserov

[PATCH v2 01/15] bcachefs: Introduce btree_leaf_has_triggers_mask

[Nikita Ofitserov via B4 Relay]

From: Nikita Ofitserov <himikof@gmail.com>

Signed-off-by: Nikita Ofitserov <himikof@gmail.com>
---
 fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c    | 2 +-
 fs/bcachefs/btree_types.h | 3 +++
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c b/fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c
index 43f294284d57473fd8868c974c4bdd847fcf2636..2b1b6b7ffdf0af7ec0bf4cbaf68cc9a53a20cfce 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c
@@ -720,7 +720,7 @@ static int bch2_gc_btree(struct btree_trans *trans,
 			 enum btree_id btree, bool initial)
 {
 	struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
-	unsigned target_depth = btree_node_type_has_triggers(__btree_node_type(0, btree)) ? 0 : 1;
+	unsigned target_depth = BIT_ULL(btree) & btree_leaf_has_triggers_mask ? 0 : 1;
 	int ret = 0;
 
 	/* We need to make sure every leaf node is readable before going RW */
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/btree_types.h b/fs/bcachefs/btree_types.h
index e893eb938bb3da441f0ab0096ced3cc3c2a701e2..ad9bd18fe9b6e51987da74d373830dca98df56ec 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/btree_types.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/btree_types.h
@@ -840,6 +840,9 @@ static inline bool btree_node_type_has_triggers(enum btree_node_type type)
 	return BIT_ULL(type) & BTREE_NODE_TYPE_HAS_TRIGGERS;
 }
 
+/* A mask of btree id bits that have triggers for their leaves */
+static const u64 btree_leaf_has_triggers_mask = BTREE_NODE_TYPE_HAS_TRIGGERS >> 1;
+
 static const u64 btree_is_extents_mask = 0
 #define x(name, nr, flags, ...)	|((!!((flags) & BTREE_IS_extents)) << nr)
 BCH_BTREE_IDS()

-- 
2.50.1

[PATCH v2 02/15] bcachefs: Refactor bch2_gc_btree/bch2_gc_btrees

[Nikita Ofitserov via B4 Relay]

From: Nikita Ofitserov <himikof@gmail.com>

Concentrate iteration policy inside the caller so that accurate
progress reporting would be possible.

Signed-off-by: Nikita Ofitserov <himikof@gmail.com>
---
 fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c | 11 ++++-------
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c b/fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c
index 2b1b6b7ffdf0af7ec0bf4cbaf68cc9a53a20cfce..2a369aebdbe216ed665115e27388ab4821696bf8 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c
@@ -717,16 +717,12 @@ static int bch2_gc_mark_key(struct btree_trans *trans, enum btree_id btree_id,
 
 static int bch2_gc_btree(struct btree_trans *trans,
 			 struct progress_indicator_state *progress,
-			 enum btree_id btree, bool initial)
+			 enum btree_id btree, unsigned target_depth,
+			 bool initial)
 {
 	struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
-	unsigned target_depth = BIT_ULL(btree) & btree_leaf_has_triggers_mask ? 0 : 1;
 	int ret = 0;
 
-	/* We need to make sure every leaf node is readable before going RW */
-	if (initial)
-		target_depth = 0;
-
 	for (unsigned level = target_depth; level < BTREE_MAX_DEPTH; level++) {
 		struct btree *prev = NULL;
 		struct btree_iter iter;
@@ -797,7 +793,8 @@ static int bch2_gc_btrees(struct bch_fs *c)
 		if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(bch2_btree_id_root(c, btree)->b))
 			continue;
 
-		ret = bch2_gc_btree(trans, &progress, btree, true);
+		/* We need to make sure every leaf node is readable before going RW */
+		ret = bch2_gc_btree(trans, &progress, btree, 0, true);
 	}
 
 	bch_err_fn(c, ret);

-- 
2.50.1

[PATCH v2 03/15] bcachefs: Improve check_allocations pass speed when not in fsck

[Nikita Ofitserov via B4 Relay]

From: Nikita Ofitserov <himikof@gmail.com>

Skip reading unnecessary leaf btree nodes unless running fsck.
For example, this should speed up version upgrade/downgrade when
rebuilding accounting information.

Signed-off-by: Nikita Ofitserov <himikof@gmail.com>
---
 fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c | 17 +++++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c b/fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c
index 2a369aebdbe216ed665115e27388ab4821696bf8..b95a3610900de2eecf978c62f3809453455f7a5c 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c
@@ -793,8 +793,21 @@ static int bch2_gc_btrees(struct bch_fs *c)
 		if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(bch2_btree_id_root(c, btree)->b))
 			continue;
 
-		/* We need to make sure every leaf node is readable before going RW */
-		ret = bch2_gc_btree(trans, &progress, btree, 0, true);
+
+		unsigned target_depth = BIT_ULL(btree) & btree_leaf_has_triggers_mask ? 0 : 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * In fsck, we need to make sure every leaf node is readable
+		 * before going RW, otherwise we can no longer rewind inside
+		 * btree_lost_data to repair during the current fsck run.
+		 *
+		 * Otherwise, we can delay the repair to the next
+		 * mount or offline fsck.
+		 */
+		if (test_bit(BCH_FS_in_fsck, &c->flags))
+			target_depth = 0;
+
+		ret = bch2_gc_btree(trans, &progress, btree, target_depth, true);
 	}
 
 	bch_err_fn(c, ret);

-- 
2.50.1

[PATCH v2 04/15] bcachefs: Refactor/rename btree_type_has_ptrs

[Nikita Ofitserov via B4 Relay]

From: Nikita Ofitserov <himikof@gmail.com>

The new name (btree_type_has_data_ptrs) better reflects the meaning.
Also introduce the explicit mask constant.

Signed-off-by: Nikita Ofitserov <himikof@gmail.com>
---
 fs/bcachefs/backpointers.c | 2 +-
 fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c     | 2 +-
 fs/bcachefs/btree_types.h  | 8 ++++----
 fs/bcachefs/migrate.c      | 2 +-
 fs/bcachefs/move.c         | 2 +-
 5 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/backpointers.c b/fs/bcachefs/backpointers.c
index cb25cddb759b84bed48c653605ba195218f2140c..0d585e5662be3f02580558e9a590075ea73193d5 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/backpointers.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/backpointers.c
@@ -809,7 +809,7 @@ static int bch2_check_extents_to_backpointers_pass(struct btree_trans *trans,
 	for (enum btree_id btree_id = 0;
 	     btree_id < btree_id_nr_alive(c);
 	     btree_id++) {
-		int level, depth = btree_type_has_ptrs(btree_id) ? 0 : 1;
+		int level, depth = btree_type_has_data_ptrs(btree_id) ? 0 : 1;
 
 		ret = commit_do(trans, NULL, NULL,
 				BCH_TRANS_COMMIT_no_enospc,
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c b/fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c
index b95a3610900de2eecf978c62f3809453455f7a5c..2338feb8d8ed4bad85a01a6b9181116d918636b5 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c
@@ -1238,7 +1238,7 @@ int bch2_gc_gens(struct bch_fs *c)
 	}
 
 	for (unsigned i = 0; i < BTREE_ID_NR; i++)
-		if (btree_type_has_ptrs(i)) {
+		if (btree_type_has_data_ptrs(i)) {
 			c->gc_gens_btree = i;
 			c->gc_gens_pos = POS_MIN;
 
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/btree_types.h b/fs/bcachefs/btree_types.h
index ad9bd18fe9b6e51987da74d373830dca98df56ec..d06991c16d5c24c586e9449efa9553e2b8593bd4 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/btree_types.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/btree_types.h
@@ -886,15 +886,15 @@ static inline bool btree_type_has_snapshot_field(enum btree_id btree)
 	return BIT_ULL(btree) & mask;
 }
 
-static inline bool btree_type_has_ptrs(enum btree_id btree)
-{
-	const u64 mask = 0
+static const u64 btree_has_data_ptrs_mask = 0
 #define x(name, nr, flags, ...)	|((!!((flags) & BTREE_IS_data)) << nr)
 	BCH_BTREE_IDS()
 #undef x
 	;
 
-	return BIT_ULL(btree) & mask;
+static inline bool btree_type_has_data_ptrs(enum btree_id btree)
+{
+	return BIT_ULL(btree) & btree_has_data_ptrs_mask;
 }
 
 static inline bool btree_type_uses_write_buffer(enum btree_id btree)
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/migrate.c b/fs/bcachefs/migrate.c
index 892990b4a6a6b16785e5030e5dc7cf15b05c0fc5..41657deb0e3807f4968272491faea09d05ec2299 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/migrate.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/migrate.c
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ static int bch2_dev_usrdata_drop(struct bch_fs *c,
 	CLASS(btree_trans, trans)(c);
 
 	for (unsigned id = 0; id < BTREE_ID_NR; id++) {
-		if (!btree_type_has_ptrs(id))
+		if (!btree_type_has_data_ptrs(id))
 			continue;
 
 		/* Stripe keys have pointers, but are handled separately */
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/move.c b/fs/bcachefs/move.c
index 4f41f1f6ec6c7fe6af663e11b3479fde02832ef9..1cd81380c7d87ebc446a874f2f4a208442d0c577 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/move.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/move.c
@@ -820,7 +820,7 @@ static int bch2_move_data(struct bch_fs *c,
 		unsigned min_depth_this_btree = min_depth;
 
 		/* Stripe keys have pointers, but are handled separately */
-		if (!btree_type_has_ptrs(id) ||
+		if (!btree_type_has_data_ptrs(id) ||
 		    id == BTREE_ID_stripes)
 			min_depth_this_btree = max(min_depth_this_btree, 1);
 

-- 
2.50.1

[PATCH v2 05/15] bcachefs: Fix progress reporting for unknown btrees

[Nikita Ofitserov via B4 Relay]

From: Nikita Ofitserov <himikof@gmail.com>

Signed-off-by: Nikita Ofitserov <himikof@gmail.com>
---
 fs/bcachefs/progress.c | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/progress.c b/fs/bcachefs/progress.c
index 792fc6fef27018c73168c59857e7f3497c1969f4..541ee951d1c9fc3f11b5a5ac40f1d366829a5c97 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/progress.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/progress.c
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ void bch2_progress_init(struct progress_indicator_state *s,
 
 	s->next_print = jiffies + HZ * 10;
 
-	for (unsigned i = 0; i < BTREE_ID_NR; i++) {
+	for (unsigned i = 0; i < btree_id_nr_alive(c); i++) {
 		if (!(btree_id_mask & BIT_ULL(i)))
 			continue;
 

-- 
2.50.1

[PATCH v2 06/15] bcachefs: Partially fix old device removal with unknown btrees

[Nikita Ofitserov via B4 Relay]

From: Nikita Ofitserov <himikof@gmail.com>

Handle removal of unknown metadata only, data pointed to by unknown
btrees cannot be supported currently.

Signed-off-by: Nikita Ofitserov <himikof@gmail.com>
---
 fs/bcachefs/migrate.c | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/migrate.c b/fs/bcachefs/migrate.c
index 41657deb0e3807f4968272491faea09d05ec2299..4aa7dd483cab5a400974b5824bfaf0c0af2e9331 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/migrate.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/migrate.c
@@ -121,6 +121,7 @@ static int bch2_dev_usrdata_drop(struct bch_fs *c,
 {
 	CLASS(btree_trans, trans)(c);
 
+	/* FIXME: this does not handle unknown btrees with data pointers */
 	for (unsigned id = 0; id < BTREE_ID_NR; id++) {
 		if (!btree_type_has_data_ptrs(id))
 			continue;
@@ -161,7 +162,7 @@ static int bch2_dev_metadata_drop(struct bch_fs *c,
 	bch2_bkey_buf_init(&k);
 	closure_init_stack(&cl);
 
-	for (id = 0; id < BTREE_ID_NR; id++) {
+	for (id = 0; id < btree_id_nr_alive(c); id++) {
 		bch2_trans_node_iter_init(trans, &iter, id, POS_MIN, 0, 0,
 					  BTREE_ITER_prefetch);
 retry:

-- 
2.50.1

[PATCH v2 07/15] bcachefs: Fix missing c->usage updates from early recovery

[Nikita Ofitserov via B4 Relay]

From: Nikita Ofitserov <himikof@gmail.com>

Make do_bch2_trans_commit_to_journal_replay apply global FS usage
updates stored in trans->fs_usage_delta, too.

Signed-off-by: Nikita Ofitserov <himikof@gmail.com>
---
 fs/bcachefs/btree_trans_commit.c | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/btree_trans_commit.c b/fs/bcachefs/btree_trans_commit.c
index 5fa7f2f9f1e9d0ddd1d4675774321b519313f477..e3f069ad4002e2b007600fb41cd220d13386d37f 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/btree_trans_commit.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/btree_trans_commit.c
@@ -970,6 +970,7 @@ do_bch2_trans_commit_to_journal_replay(struct btree_trans *trans,
 
 	struct bkey_i *accounting;
 retry:
+	memset(&trans->fs_usage_delta, 0, sizeof(trans->fs_usage_delta));
 	percpu_down_read(&c->mark_lock);
 	for (accounting = btree_trans_subbuf_base(trans, &trans->accounting);
 	     accounting != btree_trans_subbuf_top(trans, &trans->accounting);
@@ -981,6 +982,8 @@ do_bch2_trans_commit_to_journal_replay(struct btree_trans *trans,
 		if (ret)
 			goto revert_fs_usage;
 	}
+	/* Only fatal errors are possible later, so no need to revert this */
+	bch2_trans_account_disk_usage_change(trans);
 	percpu_up_read(&c->mark_lock);
 
 	trans_for_each_update(trans, i) {

-- 
2.50.1

Re: [PATCH v2 07/15] bcachefs: Fix missing c->usage updates from early recovery

[Kent Overstreet]

On Thu, Aug 28, 2025 at 05:16:09PM +0300, Nikita Ofitserov via B4 Relay wrote:
> From: Nikita Ofitserov <himikof@gmail.com>
> 
> Make do_bch2_trans_commit_to_journal_replay apply global FS usage
> updates stored in trans->fs_usage_delta, too.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Nikita Ofitserov <himikof@gmail.com>

kicked this patch out for now - run a lockdep test

> ---
>  fs/bcachefs/btree_trans_commit.c | 3 +++
>  1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)
> 
> diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/btree_trans_commit.c b/fs/bcachefs/btree_trans_commit.c
> index 5fa7f2f9f1e9d0ddd1d4675774321b519313f477..e3f069ad4002e2b007600fb41cd220d13386d37f 100644
> --- a/fs/bcachefs/btree_trans_commit.c
> +++ b/fs/bcachefs/btree_trans_commit.c
> @@ -970,6 +970,7 @@ do_bch2_trans_commit_to_journal_replay(struct btree_trans *trans,
>  
>  	struct bkey_i *accounting;
>  retry:
> +	memset(&trans->fs_usage_delta, 0, sizeof(trans->fs_usage_delta));
>  	percpu_down_read(&c->mark_lock);
>  	for (accounting = btree_trans_subbuf_base(trans, &trans->accounting);
>  	     accounting != btree_trans_subbuf_top(trans, &trans->accounting);
> @@ -981,6 +982,8 @@ do_bch2_trans_commit_to_journal_replay(struct btree_trans *trans,
>  		if (ret)
>  			goto revert_fs_usage;
>  	}
> +	/* Only fatal errors are possible later, so no need to revert this */
> +	bch2_trans_account_disk_usage_change(trans);
>  	percpu_up_read(&c->mark_lock);
>  
>  	trans_for_each_update(trans, i) {
> 
> -- 
> 2.50.1
> 
> 

[PATCH v2 08/15] bcachefs: Optimize/fix bch2_dev_usage_remove

[Nikita Ofitserov via B4 Relay]

From: Nikita Ofitserov <himikof@gmail.com>

Make bch2_dev_usage_remove iterate only through relevant keys instead
of the whole accounting tree. Use the proper bch2_disk_accounting_mod
API to ensure in-memory counters will be zeroed and cleaned up later.

Signed-off-by: Nikita Ofitserov <himikof@gmail.com>
---
 fs/bcachefs/alloc_background.c |  2 +-
 fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.c  | 47 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------
 fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.h  |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/alloc_background.c b/fs/bcachefs/alloc_background.c
index 3fc728efbf5cc0425b966a0d83d97b33a666c531..0a2b630ab8420b404990eb5a4359c9295b926050 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/alloc_background.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/alloc_background.c
@@ -2397,7 +2397,7 @@ int bch2_dev_remove_alloc(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca)
 					BTREE_TRIGGER_norun, NULL) ?:
 		bch2_btree_delete_range(c, BTREE_ID_alloc, start, end,
 					BTREE_TRIGGER_norun, NULL) ?:
-		bch2_dev_usage_remove(c, ca->dev_idx);
+		bch2_dev_usage_remove(c, ca);
 	bch_err_msg(ca, ret, "removing dev alloc info");
 	return ret;
 }
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.c b/fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.c
index d6c91abcdc4140ef98b407fa580b7cd0cf3b8f56..82ce610a7e40c86d84296a47ef7ea7b5eb82f816 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.c
@@ -974,21 +974,44 @@ int bch2_accounting_read(struct bch_fs *c)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-int bch2_dev_usage_remove(struct bch_fs *c, unsigned dev)
+int bch2_dev_usage_remove(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca)
 {
 	CLASS(btree_trans, trans)(c);
+
+	struct disk_accounting_pos start;
+	disk_accounting_key_init(start, dev_data_type, .dev = ca->dev_idx);
+
+	struct disk_accounting_pos end;
+	disk_accounting_key_init(end, dev_data_type, .dev = ca->dev_idx, .data_type = U8_MAX);
+
 	return bch2_btree_write_buffer_flush_sync(trans) ?:
-		for_each_btree_key_commit(trans, iter, BTREE_ID_accounting, POS_MIN,
-				BTREE_ITER_all_snapshots, k, NULL, NULL, 0, ({
-			struct disk_accounting_pos acc;
-			bpos_to_disk_accounting_pos(&acc, k.k->p);
-
-			acc.type == BCH_DISK_ACCOUNTING_dev_data_type &&
-			acc.dev_data_type.dev == dev
-				? bch2_btree_bit_mod_buffered(trans, BTREE_ID_accounting, k.k->p, 0)
-				: 0;
-		})) ?:
-		bch2_btree_write_buffer_flush_sync(trans);
+		commit_do(trans, NULL, NULL, 0, ({
+			struct bkey_s_c k;
+			int ret = 0;
+
+			for_each_btree_key_max_norestart(trans, iter, BTREE_ID_accounting,
+							 disk_accounting_pos_to_bpos(&start),
+							 disk_accounting_pos_to_bpos(&end),
+							 BTREE_ITER_all_snapshots, k, ret) {
+				if (k.k->type != KEY_TYPE_accounting)
+					continue;
+
+				struct disk_accounting_pos acc;
+				bpos_to_disk_accounting_pos(&acc, k.k->p);
+
+				const unsigned nr = bch2_accounting_counters(k.k);
+				u64 v[BCH_ACCOUNTING_MAX_COUNTERS];
+				memcpy_u64s_small(v, bkey_s_c_to_accounting(k).v->d, nr);
+
+				bch2_u64s_neg(v, nr);
+
+				ret = bch2_disk_accounting_mod(trans, &acc, v, nr, false);
+				if (ret)
+					break;
+			}
+
+			ret;
+	})) ?: bch2_btree_write_buffer_flush_sync(trans);
 }
 
 int bch2_dev_usage_init(struct bch_dev *ca, bool gc)
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.h b/fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.h
index cc73cce98a447d96ad40683b88bfbc12689d8bf2..438628b63a8065e22ec76aebcd69e285f84f41ef 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.h
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ int bch2_gc_accounting_done(struct bch_fs *);
 
 int bch2_accounting_read(struct bch_fs *);
 
-int bch2_dev_usage_remove(struct bch_fs *, unsigned);
+int bch2_dev_usage_remove(struct bch_fs *, struct bch_dev *);
 int bch2_dev_usage_init(struct bch_dev *, bool);
 
 void bch2_verify_accounting_clean(struct bch_fs *c);

-- 
2.50.1

[PATCH v2 09/15] bcachefs: Fix online hidden (sb+journal) data accounting

[Nikita Ofitserov via B4 Relay]

From: Nikita Ofitserov <himikof@gmail.com>

Now the c->usage->hidden counters are kept up to date by the same
trigger-based mechanism as the other ones.

Signed-off-by: Nikita Ofitserov <himikof@gmail.com>
---
 fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.c | 12 ++++++++----
 fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.h | 10 +++++++---
 2 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.c b/fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.c
index 82ce610a7e40c86d84296a47ef7ea7b5eb82f816..1649c0e1a89e8f4f04d122e40553b36f11491df5 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.c
@@ -1082,13 +1082,17 @@ void bch2_verify_accounting_clean(struct bch_fs *c)
 		case BCH_DISK_ACCOUNTING_dev_data_type: {
 			{
 				guard(rcu)(); /* scoped guard is a loop, and doesn't play nicely with continue */
+				const enum bch_data_type data_type = acc_k.dev_data_type.data_type;
 				struct bch_dev *ca = bch2_dev_rcu_noerror(c, acc_k.dev_data_type.dev);
 				if (!ca)
 					continue;
 
-				v[0] = percpu_u64_get(&ca->usage->d[acc_k.dev_data_type.data_type].buckets);
-				v[1] = percpu_u64_get(&ca->usage->d[acc_k.dev_data_type.data_type].sectors);
-				v[2] = percpu_u64_get(&ca->usage->d[acc_k.dev_data_type.data_type].fragmented);
+				v[0] = percpu_u64_get(&ca->usage->d[data_type].buckets);
+				v[1] = percpu_u64_get(&ca->usage->d[data_type].sectors);
+				v[2] = percpu_u64_get(&ca->usage->d[data_type].fragmented);
+
+				if (data_type == BCH_DATA_sb || data_type == BCH_DATA_journal)
+					base.hidden += a.v->d[0] * ca->mi.bucket_size;
 			}
 
 			if (memcmp(a.v->d, v, 3 * sizeof(u64))) {
@@ -1116,7 +1120,7 @@ void bch2_verify_accounting_clean(struct bch_fs *c)
 		mismatch = true;								\
 	}
 
-	//check(hidden);
+	check(hidden);
 	check(btree);
 	check(data);
 	check(cached);
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.h b/fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.h
index 438628b63a8065e22ec76aebcd69e285f84f41ef..c3f2dc5d0c14241f3c0ae2d367d6da504df2e1ab 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.h
@@ -186,11 +186,15 @@ static inline int bch2_accounting_mem_mod_locked(struct btree_trans *trans,
 			break;
 		case BCH_DISK_ACCOUNTING_dev_data_type: {
 			guard(rcu)();
+			const enum bch_data_type data_type = acc_k.dev_data_type.data_type;
 			struct bch_dev *ca = bch2_dev_rcu_noerror(c, acc_k.dev_data_type.dev);
 			if (ca) {
-				this_cpu_add(ca->usage->d[acc_k.dev_data_type.data_type].buckets, a.v->d[0]);
-				this_cpu_add(ca->usage->d[acc_k.dev_data_type.data_type].sectors, a.v->d[1]);
-				this_cpu_add(ca->usage->d[acc_k.dev_data_type.data_type].fragmented, a.v->d[2]);
+				this_cpu_add(ca->usage->d[data_type].buckets, a.v->d[0]);
+				this_cpu_add(ca->usage->d[data_type].sectors, a.v->d[1]);
+				this_cpu_add(ca->usage->d[data_type].fragmented, a.v->d[2]);
+
+				if (data_type == BCH_DATA_sb || data_type == BCH_DATA_journal)
+					trans->fs_usage_delta.hidden += a.v->d[0] * ca->mi.bucket_size;
 			}
 			break;
 		}

-- 
2.50.1

Re: [PATCH v2 09/15] bcachefs: Fix online hidden (sb+journal) data accounting

[Kent Overstreet]

On Thu, Aug 28, 2025 at 05:16:11PM +0300, Nikita Ofitserov via B4 Relay wrote:
> From: Nikita Ofitserov <himikof@gmail.com>
> 
> Now the c->usage->hidden counters are kept up to date by the same
> trigger-based mechanism as the other ones.

This pops warnings in accounting_verify_clean()

00133 ------------[ cut here ]------------
00133 WARNING: CPU: 8 PID: 595 at fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.c:1144 bch2_verify_accounting_clean+0x8fc/0xac0
00133 Modules linked in:
00133 CPU: 8 UID: 0 PID: 595 Comm: mount.bcachefs Not tainted 6.17.0-rc3-ktest-g92dce30a5a04 #32156 NONE
00133 Hardware name: linux,dummy-virt (DT)
00133 pstate: 60001005 (nZCv daif -PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT +SSBS BTYPE=--)
00133 pc : bch2_verify_accounting_clean+0x8fc/0xac0
00133 lr : bch2_verify_accounting_clean+0xa60/0xac0
00133 sp : ffffffc081e0b9d0
00133 x29: ffffffc081e0bbe0 x28: ffffffc081e0ba70 x27: ffffffc080e59fc0
00133 x26: 0000000000000008 x25: 0000000000000003 x24: 0000000000000000
00133 x23: ffffff80e6220000 x22: ffffffc081e0bb08 x21: 0000000000000046
00133 x20: 0000000000000000 x19: ffffff80e4540000 x18: 00000000ffffffff
00133 x17: 696d206e65646469 x16: 682e657361625f65 x15: 676173755f736620
00133 x14: 29286e61656c635f x13: 0000000000000000 x12: ffffff80fadeffa8
00133 x11: ffffff80f97f0000 x10: ffffff80fadf0000 x9 : ffffffc0800a86f0
00133 x8 : 0000000000000001 x7 : 00000000005fffe8 x6 : 0000000000000001
00133 x5 : ffffff80fbcf9c90 x4 : 0000000000000000 x3 : 0000000000000000
00133 x2 : 0000000000000000 x1 : ffffff80c1576000 x0 : 0000000000000001
00133 Call trace:
00133  bch2_verify_accounting_clean+0x8fc/0xac0 (P)
00133  bch2_fs_read_only+0x2ec/0x358
00133  bch2_fs_reconfigure+0x98/0x128
00133  reconfigure_super+0x98/0x200
00133  path_mount+0x840/0xab8
00133  __arm64_sys_mount+0x160/0x2c0
00133  invoke_syscall.constprop.0+0x54/0xe0
00133  do_el0_svc+0x44/0xe0
00133  el0_svc+0x18/0x58
00133  el0t_64_sync_handler+0x98/0xe0
00133  el0t_64_sync+0x154/0x158
00133 ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---

> 
> Signed-off-by: Nikita Ofitserov <himikof@gmail.com>
> ---
>  fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.c | 12 ++++++++----
>  fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.h | 10 +++++++---
>  2 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.c b/fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.c
> index 82ce610a7e40c86d84296a47ef7ea7b5eb82f816..1649c0e1a89e8f4f04d122e40553b36f11491df5 100644
> --- a/fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.c
> +++ b/fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.c
> @@ -1082,13 +1082,17 @@ void bch2_verify_accounting_clean(struct bch_fs *c)
>  		case BCH_DISK_ACCOUNTING_dev_data_type: {
>  			{
>  				guard(rcu)(); /* scoped guard is a loop, and doesn't play nicely with continue */
> +				const enum bch_data_type data_type = acc_k.dev_data_type.data_type;
>  				struct bch_dev *ca = bch2_dev_rcu_noerror(c, acc_k.dev_data_type.dev);
>  				if (!ca)
>  					continue;
>  
> -				v[0] = percpu_u64_get(&ca->usage->d[acc_k.dev_data_type.data_type].buckets);
> -				v[1] = percpu_u64_get(&ca->usage->d[acc_k.dev_data_type.data_type].sectors);
> -				v[2] = percpu_u64_get(&ca->usage->d[acc_k.dev_data_type.data_type].fragmented);
> +				v[0] = percpu_u64_get(&ca->usage->d[data_type].buckets);
> +				v[1] = percpu_u64_get(&ca->usage->d[data_type].sectors);
> +				v[2] = percpu_u64_get(&ca->usage->d[data_type].fragmented);
> +
> +				if (data_type == BCH_DATA_sb || data_type == BCH_DATA_journal)
> +					base.hidden += a.v->d[0] * ca->mi.bucket_size;
>  			}
>  
>  			if (memcmp(a.v->d, v, 3 * sizeof(u64))) {
> @@ -1116,7 +1120,7 @@ void bch2_verify_accounting_clean(struct bch_fs *c)
>  		mismatch = true;								\
>  	}
>  
> -	//check(hidden);
> +	check(hidden);
>  	check(btree);
>  	check(data);
>  	check(cached);
> diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.h b/fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.h
> index 438628b63a8065e22ec76aebcd69e285f84f41ef..c3f2dc5d0c14241f3c0ae2d367d6da504df2e1ab 100644
> --- a/fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.h
> +++ b/fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.h
> @@ -186,11 +186,15 @@ static inline int bch2_accounting_mem_mod_locked(struct btree_trans *trans,
>  			break;
>  		case BCH_DISK_ACCOUNTING_dev_data_type: {
>  			guard(rcu)();
> +			const enum bch_data_type data_type = acc_k.dev_data_type.data_type;
>  			struct bch_dev *ca = bch2_dev_rcu_noerror(c, acc_k.dev_data_type.dev);
>  			if (ca) {
> -				this_cpu_add(ca->usage->d[acc_k.dev_data_type.data_type].buckets, a.v->d[0]);
> -				this_cpu_add(ca->usage->d[acc_k.dev_data_type.data_type].sectors, a.v->d[1]);
> -				this_cpu_add(ca->usage->d[acc_k.dev_data_type.data_type].fragmented, a.v->d[2]);
> +				this_cpu_add(ca->usage->d[data_type].buckets, a.v->d[0]);
> +				this_cpu_add(ca->usage->d[data_type].sectors, a.v->d[1]);
> +				this_cpu_add(ca->usage->d[data_type].fragmented, a.v->d[2]);
> +
> +				if (data_type == BCH_DATA_sb || data_type == BCH_DATA_journal)
> +					trans->fs_usage_delta.hidden += a.v->d[0] * ca->mi.bucket_size;
>  			}
>  			break;
>  		}
> 
> -- 
> 2.50.1
> 
> 

[PATCH v2 10/15] bcachefs: Fix outdated documentation comment

[Nikita Ofitserov via B4 Relay]

From: Nikita Ofitserov <himikof@gmail.com>

Signed-off-by: Nikita Ofitserov <himikof@gmail.com>
---
 fs/bcachefs/bcachefs_format.h | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/bcachefs_format.h b/fs/bcachefs/bcachefs_format.h
index b2de993d802b128cb503740d41028e51c14110ee..0839397105a9d20bcdb99090b508dcff2e0f1886 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/bcachefs_format.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/bcachefs_format.h
@@ -654,7 +654,6 @@ struct bch_sb_field_ext {
 /*
  * field 1:		version name
  * field 2:		BCH_VERSION(major, minor)
- * field 3:		recovery passess required on upgrade
  */
 #define BCH_METADATA_VERSIONS()						\
 	x(bkey_renumber,		BCH_VERSION(0, 10))		\

-- 
2.50.1

[PATCH v2 11/15] bcachefs: Relax restrictions on the number of accounting counters

[Nikita Ofitserov via B4 Relay]

From: Nikita Ofitserov <himikof@gmail.com>

Make adding/removing accounting counters easier when upgrading by
removing their exact number from bch_accounting key validity invariants.

Signed-off-by: Nikita Ofitserov <himikof@gmail.com>
---
 fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.c | 11 ++++++++---
 fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.h |  4 ++--
 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.c b/fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.c
index 1649c0e1a89e8f4f04d122e40553b36f11491df5..7e3bcda30f3b027cb88886a633680f77efe0b9d0 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.c
@@ -239,10 +239,12 @@ int bch2_accounting_validate(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 			 c, accounting_key_junk_at_end,
 			 "junk at end of accounting key");
 
-	bkey_fsck_err_on(bch2_accounting_counters(k.k) != bch2_accounting_type_nr_counters[acc_k.type],
+	const unsigned nr_counters = bch2_accounting_counters(k.k);
+
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(!nr_counters || nr_counters > BCH_ACCOUNTING_MAX_COUNTERS,
 			 c, accounting_key_nr_counters_wrong,
 			 "accounting key with %u counters, should be %u",
-			 bch2_accounting_counters(k.k), bch2_accounting_type_nr_counters[acc_k.type]);
+			 nr_counters, bch2_accounting_type_nr_counters[acc_k.type]);
 fsck_err:
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -359,10 +361,13 @@ static int __bch2_accounting_mem_insert(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c_accoun
 			    accounting_pos_cmp, &a.k->p) < acc->k.nr)
 		return 0;
 
+	struct disk_accounting_pos acc_k;
+	bpos_to_disk_accounting_pos(&acc_k, a.k->p);
+
 	struct accounting_mem_entry n = {
 		.pos		= a.k->p,
 		.bversion	= a.k->bversion,
-		.nr_counters	= bch2_accounting_counters(a.k),
+		.nr_counters	= bch2_accounting_type_nr_counters[acc_k.type],
 		.v[0]		= __alloc_percpu_gfp(n.nr_counters * sizeof(u64),
 						     sizeof(u64), GFP_KERNEL),
 	};
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.h b/fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.h
index c3f2dc5d0c14241f3c0ae2d367d6da504df2e1ab..c0d3d7e8fda6172eb04c8b0d9cd4cd879090e480 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting.h
@@ -216,9 +216,9 @@ static inline int bch2_accounting_mem_mod_locked(struct btree_trans *trans,
 
 	struct accounting_mem_entry *e = &acc->k.data[idx];
 
-	EBUG_ON(bch2_accounting_counters(a.k) != e->nr_counters);
+	const unsigned nr = min_t(unsigned, bch2_accounting_counters(a.k), e->nr_counters);
 
-	for (unsigned i = 0; i < bch2_accounting_counters(a.k); i++)
+	for (unsigned i = 0; i < nr; i++)
 		this_cpu_add(e->v[gc][i], a.v->d[i]);
 	return 0;
 }

-- 
2.50.1

[PATCH v2 12/15] bcachefs: bcachefs_metadata_version_btree_node_accounting

[Nikita Ofitserov via B4 Relay]

From: Nikita Ofitserov <himikof@gmail.com>

Introduce btree node number accounting for better progress reporting.
This change includes a mandatory upgrade/downgrade.

Add 2 new counters for BCH_DISK_ACCOUNTING_btree: total number of btree
nodes (ignoring replication) and the number of non-leaf btree nodes
(likewise). Those are to be used by recovery progress reporting instead
of estimating them.

Signed-off-by: Nikita Ofitserov <himikof@gmail.com>
---
 fs/bcachefs/bcachefs_format.h        |  3 ++-
 fs/bcachefs/buckets.c                | 16 +++++++++++-----
 fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting_format.h | 10 +++++++++-
 fs/bcachefs/sb-downgrade.c           | 11 +++++++++--
 4 files changed, 31 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/bcachefs_format.h b/fs/bcachefs/bcachefs_format.h
index 0839397105a9d20bcdb99090b508dcff2e0f1886..76a2ae7f8d2dca44dfdd31c0d1078c45778d8447 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/bcachefs_format.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/bcachefs_format.h
@@ -706,7 +706,8 @@ struct bch_sb_field_ext {
 	x(fast_device_removal,		BCH_VERSION(1, 27))		\
 	x(inode_has_case_insensitive,	BCH_VERSION(1, 28))		\
 	x(extent_snapshot_whiteouts,	BCH_VERSION(1, 29))		\
-	x(31bit_dirent_offset,		BCH_VERSION(1, 30))
+	x(31bit_dirent_offset,		BCH_VERSION(1, 30))		\
+	x(btree_node_accounting,	BCH_VERSION(1, 31))
 
 enum bcachefs_metadata_version {
 	bcachefs_metadata_version_min = 9,
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/buckets.c b/fs/bcachefs/buckets.c
index 021f5cb7998de704be9d135064af2817cb2c52fe..99e928f7799971d052f24ba6043eb54765cf42b9 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/buckets.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/buckets.c
@@ -749,6 +749,7 @@ static int __trigger_extent(struct btree_trans *trans,
 			    enum btree_iter_update_trigger_flags flags)
 {
 	bool gc = flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_gc;
+	bool insert = !(flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_overwrite);
 	struct bkey_ptrs_c ptrs = bch2_bkey_ptrs_c(k);
 	const union bch_extent_entry *entry;
 	struct extent_ptr_decoded p;
@@ -802,7 +803,7 @@ static int __trigger_extent(struct btree_trans *trans,
 
 		if (cur_compression_type &&
 		    cur_compression_type != p.crc.compression_type) {
-			if (flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_overwrite)
+			if (!insert)
 				bch2_u64s_neg(compression_acct, ARRAY_SIZE(compression_acct));
 
 			ret = bch2_disk_accounting_mod2(trans, gc, compression_acct,
@@ -835,7 +836,7 @@ static int __trigger_extent(struct btree_trans *trans,
 	}
 
 	if (cur_compression_type) {
-		if (flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_overwrite)
+		if (!insert)
 			bch2_u64s_neg(compression_acct, ARRAY_SIZE(compression_acct));
 
 		ret = bch2_disk_accounting_mod2(trans, gc, compression_acct,
@@ -845,12 +846,17 @@ static int __trigger_extent(struct btree_trans *trans,
 	}
 
 	if (level) {
-		ret = bch2_disk_accounting_mod2_nr(trans, gc, &replicas_sectors, 1, btree, btree_id);
+		const bool leaf_node = level == 1;
+		s64 v[3] = {
+			replicas_sectors,
+			insert ? 1 : -1,
+			!leaf_node ? (insert ? 1 : -1) : 0,
+		};
+
+		ret = bch2_disk_accounting_mod2(trans, gc, v, btree, btree_id);
 		if (ret)
 			return ret;
 	} else {
-		bool insert = !(flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_overwrite);
-
 		s64 v[3] = {
 			insert ? 1 : -1,
 			insert ? k.k->size : -((s64) k.k->size),
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting_format.h b/fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting_format.h
index 8269af1dbe2a094454f780194f4ece33c4a4e461..730a17ea42431012282cec9d7803b0ac0b1d339d 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting_format.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/disk_accounting_format.h
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ static inline bool data_type_is_hidden(enum bch_data_type type)
 	x(dev_data_type,	3,	3)	\
 	x(compression,		4,	3)	\
 	x(snapshot,		5,	1)	\
-	x(btree,		6,	1)	\
+	x(btree,		6,	3)	\
 	x(rebalance_work,	7,	1)	\
 	x(inum,			8,	3)
 
@@ -174,6 +174,14 @@ struct bch_acct_snapshot {
 	__u32			id;
 } __packed;
 
+/*
+ * Metadata accounting per btree id:
+ * [
+ *   total btree disk usage in sectors
+ *   total number of btree nodes
+ *   number of non-leaf btree nodes
+ * ]
+ */
 struct bch_acct_btree {
 	__u32			id;
 } __packed;
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/sb-downgrade.c b/fs/bcachefs/sb-downgrade.c
index de56a1ee79db202da7ca021fb1f67f4b4820a2a8..bfd06fd5d506169031a2f7cadb5b1697ac40c811 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/sb-downgrade.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/sb-downgrade.c
@@ -104,7 +104,10 @@
 	x(inode_has_case_insensitive,				\
 	  BIT_ULL(BCH_RECOVERY_PASS_check_inodes),		\
 	  BCH_FSCK_ERR_inode_has_case_insensitive_not_set,	\
-	  BCH_FSCK_ERR_inode_parent_has_case_insensitive_not_set)
+	  BCH_FSCK_ERR_inode_parent_has_case_insensitive_not_set)\
+	x(btree_node_accounting,				\
+	  BIT_ULL(BCH_RECOVERY_PASS_check_allocations),		\
+	  BCH_FSCK_ERR_accounting_mismatch)
 
 #define DOWNGRADE_TABLE()					\
 	x(bucket_stripe_sectors,				\
@@ -152,7 +155,11 @@
 	  BIT_ULL(BCH_RECOVERY_PASS_check_allocations),		\
 	  BCH_FSCK_ERR_accounting_mismatch,			\
 	  BCH_FSCK_ERR_accounting_key_replicas_nr_devs_0,	\
-	  BCH_FSCK_ERR_accounting_key_junk_at_end)
+	  BCH_FSCK_ERR_accounting_key_junk_at_end)		\
+	x(btree_node_accounting,				\
+	  BIT_ULL(BCH_RECOVERY_PASS_check_allocations),		\
+	  BCH_FSCK_ERR_accounting_mismatch,			\
+	  BCH_FSCK_ERR_accounting_key_nr_counters_wrong)
 
 struct upgrade_downgrade_entry {
 	u64		recovery_passes;

-- 
2.50.1

[PATCH v2 13/15] bcachefs: Use explicit node counts in progress reporting

[Nikita Ofitserov via B4 Relay]

From: Nikita Ofitserov <himikof@gmail.com>

Also, consider the metadata_replicas option when better
accounting is not available.

Signed-off-by: Nikita Ofitserov <himikof@gmail.com>
---
 fs/bcachefs/progress.c | 24 +++++++++++++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/progress.c b/fs/bcachefs/progress.c
index 541ee951d1c9fc3f11b5a5ac40f1d366829a5c97..8181f6d2ca3808f57bef179383bd969d9a375d5f 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/progress.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/progress.c
@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@ void bch2_progress_init(struct progress_indicator_state *s,
 
 	s->next_print = jiffies + HZ * 10;
 
+	/* This is only an estimation: nodes can have different replica counts */
+	const u32 expected_node_disk_sectors =
+		READ_ONCE(c->opts.metadata_replicas) * btree_sectors(c);
+
 	for (unsigned i = 0; i < btree_id_nr_alive(c); i++) {
 		if (!(btree_id_mask & BIT_ULL(i)))
 			continue;
@@ -19,9 +23,23 @@ void bch2_progress_init(struct progress_indicator_state *s,
 		struct disk_accounting_pos acc;
 		disk_accounting_key_init(acc, btree, .id = i);
 
-		u64 v;
-		bch2_accounting_mem_read(c, disk_accounting_pos_to_bpos(&acc), &v, 1);
-		s->nodes_total += div64_ul(v, btree_sectors(c));
+		struct {
+			u64 disk_sectors;
+			u64 total_nodes;
+			u64 inner_nodes;
+		} v = {0};
+		bch2_accounting_mem_read(c, disk_accounting_pos_to_bpos(&acc),
+			(u64 *)&v, sizeof(v) / sizeof(u64));
+
+		/*
+		 * We check for zeros to degrade gracefully when run
+		 * with un-upgraded accounting info (missing some counters).
+		 */
+
+		if (v.total_nodes != 0)
+			s->nodes_total += v.total_nodes - v.inner_nodes;
+		else
+			s->nodes_total += div_u64(v.disk_sectors, expected_node_disk_sectors);
 	}
 }
 

-- 
2.50.1

[PATCH v2 14/15] bcachefs: Better progress reporting for btree iteration without leaves

[Nikita Ofitserov via B4 Relay]

From: Nikita Ofitserov <himikof@gmail.com>

Signed-off-by: Nikita Ofitserov <himikof@gmail.com>
---
 fs/bcachefs/progress.c | 17 +++++++++++++----
 fs/bcachefs/progress.h | 12 +++++++++++-
 2 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/progress.c b/fs/bcachefs/progress.c
index 8181f6d2ca3808f57bef179383bd969d9a375d5f..7cc16490ffa98fec34ff228cb56bd1af0f42da3d 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/progress.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/progress.c
@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@
 #include "disk_accounting.h"
 #include "progress.h"
 
-void bch2_progress_init(struct progress_indicator_state *s,
-			struct bch_fs *c,
-			u64 btree_id_mask)
+void bch2_progress_init_inner(struct progress_indicator_state *s,
+			      struct bch_fs *c,
+			      u64 leaf_btree_id_mask,
+			      u64 inner_btree_id_mask)
 {
 	memset(s, 0, sizeof(*s));
 
@@ -16,6 +17,8 @@ void bch2_progress_init(struct progress_indicator_state *s,
 	const u32 expected_node_disk_sectors =
 		READ_ONCE(c->opts.metadata_replicas) * btree_sectors(c);
 
+	const u64 btree_id_mask = leaf_btree_id_mask | inner_btree_id_mask;
+
 	for (unsigned i = 0; i < btree_id_nr_alive(c); i++) {
 		if (!(btree_id_mask & BIT_ULL(i)))
 			continue;
@@ -31,11 +34,17 @@ void bch2_progress_init(struct progress_indicator_state *s,
 		bch2_accounting_mem_read(c, disk_accounting_pos_to_bpos(&acc),
 			(u64 *)&v, sizeof(v) / sizeof(u64));
 
+		/* Better to estimate as 0 than the total node count */
+		if (inner_btree_id_mask & BIT_ULL(i))
+			s->nodes_total += v.inner_nodes;
+
+		if (!(leaf_btree_id_mask & BIT_ULL(i)))
+			continue;
+
 		/*
 		 * We check for zeros to degrade gracefully when run
 		 * with un-upgraded accounting info (missing some counters).
 		 */
-
 		if (v.total_nodes != 0)
 			s->nodes_total += v.total_nodes - v.inner_nodes;
 		else
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/progress.h b/fs/bcachefs/progress.h
index 972a73087ffe06632abef015e4556d8ee196eb24..91f3453377093e2713aa4198b68e13601223688e 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/progress.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/progress.h
@@ -20,7 +20,17 @@ struct progress_indicator_state {
 	struct btree		*last_node;
 };
 
-void bch2_progress_init(struct progress_indicator_state *, struct bch_fs *, u64);
+void bch2_progress_init_inner(struct progress_indicator_state *s,
+			      struct bch_fs *c,
+			      u64 leaf_btree_id_mask,
+			      u64 inner_btree_id_mask);
+
+static inline void bch2_progress_init(struct progress_indicator_state *s,
+				      struct bch_fs *c, u64 btree_id_mask)
+{
+	bch2_progress_init_inner(s, c, btree_id_mask, 0);
+}
+
 void bch2_progress_update_iter(struct btree_trans *,
 			       struct progress_indicator_state *,
 			       struct btree_iter *,

-- 
2.50.1

[PATCH v2 15/15] bcachefs: More accurate progress reporting for inner node iteration

[Nikita Ofitserov via B4 Relay]

From: Nikita Ofitserov <himikof@gmail.com>

Signed-off-by: Nikita Ofitserov <himikof@gmail.com>
---
 fs/bcachefs/backpointers.c |  4 +++-
 fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c     |  2 +-
 fs/bcachefs/migrate.c      | 13 +++++++++----
 3 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/backpointers.c b/fs/bcachefs/backpointers.c
index 0d585e5662be3f02580558e9a590075ea73193d5..42370aebb7a442ee368df323eb1f4970f2e5f949 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/backpointers.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/backpointers.c
@@ -804,7 +804,9 @@ static int bch2_check_extents_to_backpointers_pass(struct btree_trans *trans,
 	struct progress_indicator_state progress;
 	int ret = 0;
 
-	bch2_progress_init(&progress, trans->c, BIT_ULL(BTREE_ID_extents)|BIT_ULL(BTREE_ID_reflink));
+	bch2_progress_init_inner(&progress, trans->c,
+		btree_has_data_ptrs_mask,
+		~0ULL);
 
 	for (enum btree_id btree_id = 0;
 	     btree_id < btree_id_nr_alive(c);
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c b/fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c
index 2338feb8d8ed4bad85a01a6b9181116d918636b5..c04e88ec5c0ac73c21f01db597b19d1b0c798299 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c
@@ -780,7 +780,7 @@ static int bch2_gc_btrees(struct bch_fs *c)
 	int ret = 0;
 
 	struct progress_indicator_state progress;
-	bch2_progress_init(&progress, c, ~0ULL);
+	bch2_progress_init_inner(&progress, c, ~0ULL, ~0ULL);
 
 	enum btree_id ids[BTREE_ID_NR];
 	for (unsigned i = 0; i < BTREE_ID_NR; i++)
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/migrate.c b/fs/bcachefs/migrate.c
index 4aa7dd483cab5a400974b5824bfaf0c0af2e9331..d67ca56d3f431980b104ea5528cce79be88f93fb 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/migrate.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/migrate.c
@@ -266,10 +266,15 @@ int bch2_dev_data_drop_by_backpointers(struct bch_fs *c, unsigned dev_idx, unsig
 int bch2_dev_data_drop(struct bch_fs *c, unsigned dev_idx, unsigned flags)
 {
 	struct progress_indicator_state progress;
+	int ret;
+
 	bch2_progress_init(&progress, c,
-			   BIT_ULL(BTREE_ID_extents)|
-			   BIT_ULL(BTREE_ID_reflink));
+			   btree_has_data_ptrs_mask & ~BIT_ULL(BTREE_ID_stripes));
+
+	if ((ret = bch2_dev_usrdata_drop(c, &progress, dev_idx, flags)))
+		return ret;
+
+	bch2_progress_init_inner(&progress, c, 0, ~0ULL);
 
-	return bch2_dev_usrdata_drop(c, &progress, dev_idx, flags) ?:
-		bch2_dev_metadata_drop(c, &progress, dev_idx, flags);
+	return bch2_dev_metadata_drop(c, &progress, dev_idx, flags);
 }

-- 
2.50.1

Re: [PATCH v2 00/15] Accounting for accurate progress reporting

[Kent Overstreet]

On Thu, Aug 28, 2025 at 05:16:02PM +0300, Nikita Ofitserov via B4 Relay wrote:
> This patch series introduces new per-btree accounting counters and uses
> them for (hopefully) accurate progress reporting in recovery passes.
> Also includes various assorted bugfixes.
> 
> The commit "Relax restrictions on the number of accounting 
> counters" is optional, but will likely greatly improve the 
> upgrade/tools version mismatch experience. Without it, all bree usage 
> accounting will be thrown out and rebuilt on any version mismatch.
> 
> The commit "bcachefs_metadata_version_btree_node_accounting"
> introduces the format change along with upgrade/downgrade table entries.
> 
> The first ten commits are drive-by fixes/improvements, especially 
> "Improve check_allocations pass speed not in fsck", which should make
> future accounting upgrades much faster (including this one).
> 
> Signed-off-by: Nikita Ofitserov <himikof@gmail.com>
> ---
> Changes in v2:
> - Reordered the format-change-dependent commits to the end
> - Added the new metadata version, upgrade and downgrade entries
> - Fixed an issue with hidden usage calculation after device removal
> - Link to v1: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250827-better-progress-v1-0-74c24de7988a@gmail.com

https://evilpiepirate.org/~testdashboard/ci?user=nofitserov&branch=nofitserov

Every patch before "Relax restrictions on the number of accounting
counters" looks good according to the CI; after that the test dashboard
explodes:

https://evilpiepirate.org/~testdashboard/ci?user=nofitserov&branch=nofitserov

And those look like clean and simple bugfixes/refactorings, so I'm going
to pull those into testing.