Re: [PATCH v3 1/3] block/diskstats: more accurate approximation of io_ticks for slow disks

Ming Lei
2020-03-25T03:40:48Z

On Tue, Mar 24, 2020 at 10:06:56PM +0800, Ming Lei wrote:
> On Tue, Mar 24, 2020 at 09:39:40AM +0300, Konstantin Khlebnikov wrote:
> > Currently io_ticks is approximated by adding one at each start and end of
> > requests if jiffies counter has changed. This works perfectly for requests
> > shorter than a jiffy or if one of requests starts/ends at each jiffy.
> >
> > If disk executes just one request at a time and they are longer than two
> > jiffies then only first and last jiffies will be accounted.
> >
> > Fix is simple: at the end of request add up into io_ticks jiffies passed
> > since last update rather than just one jiffy.
> >
> > Example: common HDD executes random read 4k requests around 12ms.
> >
> > fio --name=test --filename=/dev/sdb --rw=randread --direct=1 --runtime=30 &
> > iostat -x 10 sdb
> >
> > Note changes of iostat's "%util" 8,43% -> 99,99% before/after patch:
> >
> > Before:
> >
> > Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await r_await w_await svctm %util
> > sdb 0,00 0,00 82,60 0,00 330,40 0,00 8,00 0,96 12,09 12,09 0,00 1,02 8,43
> >
> > After:
> >
> > Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await r_await w_await svctm %util
> > sdb 0,00 0,00 82,50 0,00 330,00 0,00 8,00 1,00 12,10 12,10 0,00 12,12 99,99
> >
> > For load estimation "%util" is not as useful as average queue length,
> > but it clearly shows how often disk queue is completely empty.
> >
> > Fixes: 5b18b5a73760 ("block: delete part_round_stats and switch to less precise counting")
> > Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
> > ---
> > Documentation/admin-guide/iostats.rst | 5 ++++-
> > block/bio.c | 8 ++++----
> > block/blk-core.c | 4 ++--
> > include/linux/genhd.h | 2 +-
> > 4 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
> >
> > diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/iostats.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/iostats.rst
> > index df5b8345c41d..9b14b0c2c9c4 100644
> > --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/iostats.rst
> > +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/iostats.rst
> > @@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ Field 10 -- # of milliseconds spent doing I/Os (unsigned int)
> >
> > Since 5.0 this field counts jiffies when at least one request was
> > started or completed. If request runs more than 2 jiffies then some
> > - I/O time will not be accounted unless there are other requests.
> > + I/O time might be not accounted in case of concurrent requests.
> >
> > Field 11 -- weighted # of milliseconds spent doing I/Os (unsigned int)
> > This field is incremented at each I/O start, I/O completion, I/O
> > @@ -143,6 +143,9 @@ are summed (possibly overflowing the unsigned long variable they are
> > summed to) and the result given to the user. There is no convenient
> > user interface for accessing the per-CPU counters themselves.
> >
> > +Since 4.19 request times are measured with nanoseconds precision and
> > +truncated to milliseconds before showing in this interface.
> > +
> > Disks vs Partitions
> > -------------------
> >
> > diff --git a/block/bio.c b/block/bio.c
> > index 0985f3422556..b1053eb7af37 100644
> > --- a/block/bio.c
> > +++ b/block/bio.c
> > @@ -1762,14 +1762,14 @@ void bio_check_pages_dirty(struct bio *bio)
> > schedule_work(&bio_dirty_work);
> > }
> >
> > -void update_io_ticks(struct hd_struct *part, unsigned long now)
> > +void update_io_ticks(struct hd_struct *part, unsigned long now, bool end)
> > {
> > unsigned long stamp;
> > again:
> > stamp = READ_ONCE(part->stamp);
> > if (unlikely(stamp != now)) {
> > if (likely(cmpxchg(&part->stamp, stamp, now) == stamp)) {
> > - __part_stat_add(part, io_ticks, 1);
> > + __part_stat_add(part, io_ticks, end ? now - stamp : 1);
> > }
> > }
> > if (part->partno) {
> > @@ -1785,7 +1785,7 @@ void generic_start_io_acct(struct request_queue *q, int op,
> >
> > part_stat_lock();
> >
> > - update_io_ticks(part, jiffies);
> > + update_io_ticks(part, jiffies, false);
> > part_stat_inc(part, ios[sgrp]);
> > part_stat_add(part, sectors[sgrp], sectors);
> > part_inc_in_flight(q, part, op_is_write(op));
> > @@ -1803,7 +1803,7 @@ void generic_end_io_acct(struct request_queue *q, int req_op,
> >
> > part_stat_lock();
> >
> > - update_io_ticks(part, now);
> > + update_io_ticks(part, now, true);
> > part_stat_add(part, nsecs[sgrp], jiffies_to_nsecs(duration));
> > part_stat_add(part, time_in_queue, duration);
> > part_dec_in_flight(q, part, op_is_write(req_op));
> > diff --git a/block/blk-core.c b/block/blk-core.c
> > index abfdcf81a228..4401b30a1751 100644
> > --- a/block/blk-core.c
> > +++ b/block/blk-core.c
> > @@ -1337,7 +1337,7 @@ void blk_account_io_done(struct request *req, u64 now)
> > part_stat_lock();
> > part = req->part;
> >
> > - update_io_ticks(part, jiffies);
> > + update_io_ticks(part, jiffies, true);
> > part_stat_inc(part, ios[sgrp]);
> > part_stat_add(part, nsecs[sgrp], now - req->start_time_ns);
> > part_stat_add(part, time_in_queue, nsecs_to_jiffies64(now - req->start_time_ns));
> > @@ -1379,7 +1379,7 @@ void blk_account_io_start(struct request *rq, bool new_io)
> > rq->part = part;
> > }
> >
> > - update_io_ticks(part, jiffies);
> > + update_io_ticks(part, jiffies, false);
> >
> > part_stat_unlock();
> > }
> > diff --git a/include/linux/genhd.h b/include/linux/genhd.h
> > index d5c75df64bba..f1066f10b062 100644
> > --- a/include/linux/genhd.h
> > +++ b/include/linux/genhd.h
> > @@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ static inline void free_part_info(struct hd_struct *part)
> > kfree(part->info);
> > }
> >
> > -void update_io_ticks(struct hd_struct *part, unsigned long now);
> > +void update_io_ticks(struct hd_struct *part, unsigned long now, bool end);
> >
> > /* block/genhd.c */
> > extern void device_add_disk(struct device *parent, struct gendisk *disk,
> >
>
> Looks fine:
>
> Reviewed-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>

BTW, there is still some gap(%65 vs. 99%) between this fix and the original
accounting(before applying Mike/Mikulas's 7 patches), and it might be
one thing to improve in future.

1) test, sda is single queue virtio-scsi, which is emulated by one HDD
image

2) fio test script:
fio --direct=1 --size=128G --bsrange=4k-4k \
--runtime=20 --numjobs=1 \
--ioengine=libaio --iodepth=16 \
--iodepth_batch_submit=16 \
--iodepth_batch_complete_min=16 \
--group_reporting=1 --filename=/dev/sda \
--name=seq-test --rw=read

3) result:
- v5.6-rc with this patch
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
READ: bw=79.4MiB/s (83.3MB/s), 79.4MiB/s-79.4MiB/s (83.3MB/s-83.3MB/s), io=155
88MiB (1665MB), run=20001-20001msec

Disk stats (read/write):
sda: ios=25039/0, merge=375596/0, ticks=18823/0, in_queue=4330, util=99.43%

- commit 112f158f66cb (which is previous commit of 5b18b5a73760)
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
READ: bw=81.4MiB/s (85.3MB/s), 81.4MiB/s-81.4MiB/s (85.3MB/s-85.3MB/s), io=166
28MiB (1707MB), run=20001-20001msec

Disk stats (read/write):
sda: ios=25749/0, merge=386236/0, ticks=17963/0, in_queue=12976, util=65.20%

Thanks,
Ming