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[4.53.155.98]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id 98e67ed59e1d1-3a0976ca5f9sm1331613a91.14.2026.09.23.16.56.56 (version=TLS1_3 cipher=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 bits=256/256); Wed, 23 Sep 2026 16:56:57 -0700 (PDT) From: Tal Zussman Date: Wed, 23 Sep 2026 19:56:35 -0400 Subject: [PATCH v5 2/9] block: take i_rwsem for the direct I/O write fallback Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: linux-block@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Message-Id: <20260923-blkdev-fixes-v5-2-89e60d66eb38@columbia.edu> References: <20260923-blkdev-fixes-v5-0-89e60d66eb38@columbia.edu> In-Reply-To: <20260923-blkdev-fixes-v5-0-89e60d66eb38@columbia.edu> To: Jens Axboe , Christoph Hellwig , Johannes Thumshirn , Luis Chamberlain , Hannes Reinecke , "Matthew Wilcox (Oracle)" , John Garry , Christian Brauner , "Darrick J. Wong" , Keith Busch , "Martin K. Petersen" Cc: Shin'ichiro Kawasaki , linux-block@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-xfs@vger.kernel.org, linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org, Sashiko , Tal Zussman X-Mailer: b4 0.17-dev-db0b7 X-Developer-Signature: v=1; a=ed25519-sha256; t=1790207813; l=4766; i=tz2294@columbia.edu; s=20250528; h=from:subject:message-id; bh=yXeThnqDkkqQfZuxk0/UWy3aO+ZnELynhrbLzksgHI4=; b=QkG2d8Jbv7plkdNQIPKBKPZEtuwiBr0JNrWEczqcHSyaxtBfP4cb6kna3/skQP8mwhum01j+g xPTvsnpqIsgAJj1MhM7jYr4Q0lcCwmgWXpAHraJW1U79pTS3KeTw8CI X-Developer-Key: i=tz2294@columbia.edu; a=ed25519; pk=BIj5KdACscEOyAC0oIkeZqLB3L94fzBnDccEooxeM5Y= X-Proofpoint-GUID: faKlmRNkWhihPFqiTHFJGq78ERB0i4Eh X-Authority-Analysis: v=2.4 cv=DIEacCNb c=1 sm=1 tr=0 ts=6ab4674b cx=c_pps a=RP+M6JBNLl+fLTcSJhASfg==:117 a=6aZ3Ysb2zzbY2sELL/OBJw==:17 a=IkcTkHD0fZMA:10 a=VdqzKS8jKosA:10 a=x7bEGLp0ZPQA:10 a=A0y_DWxS2BwA:10 a=VkNPw1HP01LnGYTKEx00:22 a=Da8U98TiO7q1upZEImrf:22 a=svvvyxlR1OQQkelhaPoB:22 a=NEAV23lmAAAA:8 a=c92rfblmAAAA:8 a=VwQbUJbxAAAA:8 a=JF9118EUAAAA:8 a=HaKTZzbUtGO3MgJEFeMA:9 a=QEXdDO2ut3YA:10 a=iS9zxrgQBfv6-_F4QbHw:22 a=GvGzcOZaWPEFPQC_NcjD:22 a=xVlTc564ipvMDusKsbsT:22 X-Proofpoint-Spam-Info: AW1haW4tMjYwOTIzMDEwMCBTYWx0ZWRfXxw4GTR5SbBvj TP+CJ1SZlMkII2ZR4IMeGIRzUDnHkTU6fpxpNQZV56ug3YxAvimbb3gOXymInUkPRoB0gEe7FId JnONhc5S07rQZqs6a/r+FhB1IJKbEiadExl5PAGvJHYpLCxvqf3F X-Proofpoint-Spam-Details-Enc: AW1haW4tMjYwOTIzMDEwMCBTYWx0ZWRfX0Q7XCKp+D0vs miofGrZ/8apHLZ52kHgYFOFczs37RGQb8V8228ZQbJNXybT+Mjbxl53jpg5fKl/0yo26JQdac7B OBVySn1r9M/TLM3dX4DaGmUjq4rjoqXFx+tEFBX0WfTUFNuE5XI5KDfCsGmGHcF72lIiJVw9Tgx hS6FukFdyZTh7LMF5J3GHZn8+EPQ67JflDoss9BpIRqMxqTF9p8aYYEFPW6UpjLhotKj+G7m/E2 TJvJbvfU3s7S2Z0m5dKLV9qgaLdB+Y1sZONZOIenetS6ayGAudgs78xENqr7F1mXEWhqXJvduGz /u/cUCjRGW8ht/zY8B8TDBPqblUPcu3nUvQyjgIMnOj8gM9PHOcTruIt09vrnWPXxXV7U6URsRH VhIfar8XE9dJmKyldk6x103UlJ280lQdT/DYYqe039urno57G3K4O7fJaX1IhJXeStuFuQ+kYUB tyAPaBUqjIFQg89Y2Zg== X-Proofpoint-ORIG-GUID: faKlmRNkWhihPFqiTHFJGq78ERB0i4Eh X-Proofpoint-Virus-Version: vendor=nai engine=6900 definitions=11914 signatures=596817 X-Proofpoint-Spam-Details: rule=outbound_notspam policy=outbound score=0 bulkscore=10 suspectscore=0 adultscore=0 spamscore=0 malwarescore=0 priorityscore=1501 lowpriorityscore=10 impostorscore=10 clxscore=1015 phishscore=0 classifier=typeunknown authscore=0 authtc= authcc= route=outbound adjust=0 reason=mlx scancount=1 engine=8.22.0-2609040000 definitions=main-2609230100 Commit c0e473a0d226 ("block: fix race between set_blocksize and read paths") closed a race between set_blocksize() and block device I/O: with large sector size support, set_blocksize() can change i_blkbits and the mapping's minimum folio order while a concurrent reader still holds a folio of the old, smaller order, leading to crashes. In particular, it made blkdev_write_iter() wrap buffered writes in inode_lock_shared(). However, the direct I/O fallback path was missed in that conversion. blkdev_write_iter() passes blkdev_buffered_write() as an argument to direct_write_fallback() with no lock held. A direct write that completes only partially then finishes as a buffered write with no protection. This can cause a BUG by racing partial direct writes against ioctl(BLKBSZSET). Writer threads issue O_DIRECT pwritev() with a two-segment iovec whose second segment is an unreadable PROT_NONE mapping. The direct path then writes the first segment, fails to pin the second, and returns short, entering the fallback. A second thread keeps toggling the second segment's protection so that some fallbacks get past fault_in_iov_iter_readable() and reach the page cache, a third thread populates the page cache with folios of the current block size via pread() and readahead(), and a fourth thread toggles the block size between 512 bytes and 64K with BLKBSZSET. The minimum folio order only moves with block sizes above PAGE_SIZE, i.e. with CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE raising BLK_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE to 64K. On a CONFIG_DEBUG_VM kernel this yields the following BUG: page dumped because: VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(folio_order(folio) < mapping_min_folio_order(mapping)) kernel BUG at mm/filemap.c:858! Oops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN NOPTI RIP: 0010:__filemap_add_folio+0x860/0x8d0 Call Trace: filemap_add_folio+0xc9/0x1f0 __filemap_get_folio_mpol+0x240/0x660 iomap_write_begin+0xa87/0xd70 iomap_file_buffered_write+0x304/0x6a0 blkdev_write_iter+0x255/0x510 do_iter_readv_writev+0x23d/0x3c0 vfs_writev+0x211/0x7d0 do_pwritev+0x121/0x190 do_syscall_64+0x121/0x630 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f The same workload also trips WARN_ON_ONCE(pos >= folio_pos(folio) + fsize) in iomap_trim_folio_range(). Fix this by calling blkdev_buffered_write() in the fallback path under inode_lock_shared(), matching the plain buffered-write branch. With the fix the same workload runs clean. A short IOCB_NOWAIT direct write reaches the same fallback. Taking i_rwsem there can now block behind set_blocksize(), and the fallback already blocks on writeback of the data it copied in direct_write_fallback(). blkdev_write_iter() already rejects a purely buffered IOCB_NOWAIT write with -EOPNOTSUPP, so do not enter the fallback for IOCB_NOWAIT at all: return the bytes the direct path already wrote, or -EAGAIN if none, and let the caller retry. The reproducer used was written by an LLM, and is available at [1]. [1] https://gist.github.com/tzussman/69d06bc57d42a42989eb038b1b5aeb74 Fixes: 3c20917120ce ("block/bdev: enable large folio support for large logical block sizes") Reported-by: Sashiko Link: https://sashiko.dev/#/patchset/20260730-blk-dontcache-v7-0-3e8e6850068d%40columbia.edu?part=5 Assisted-by: Claude:claude-fable-5 Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig Tested-by: Shin'ichiro Kawasaki Signed-off-by: Tal Zussman --- block/fops.c | 23 ++++++++++++++++++++--- 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/block/fops.c b/block/fops.c index 8d74d0e57f43..7ff78b448659 100644 --- a/block/fops.c +++ b/block/fops.c @@ -770,9 +770,26 @@ static ssize_t blkdev_write_iter(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *from) if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_DIRECT) { ret = blkdev_direct_write(iocb, from); - if (ret >= 0 && iov_iter_count(from)) - ret = direct_write_fallback(iocb, from, ret, - blkdev_buffered_write(iocb, from)); + if (ret >= 0 && iov_iter_count(from)) { + if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_NOWAIT) { + /* + * The buffered fallback blocks on i_rwsem and + * on writeback of the data it copied: return + * the short direct write instead and let the + * caller retry. + */ + if (!ret) + ret = -EAGAIN; + } else { + ssize_t ret2; + + inode_lock_shared(bd_inode); + ret2 = blkdev_buffered_write(iocb, from); + inode_unlock_shared(bd_inode); + ret = direct_write_fallback(iocb, from, ret, + ret2); + } + } } else { /* * Take i_rwsem and invalidate_lock to avoid racing with -- 2.39.5