[LSF/MM?BFP TOPIC] Block-layer device resets

[LSF/MM?BFP TOPIC] Block-layer device resets

[Hannes Reinecke]

Hi all,

We are currently working on implementing cross-controller resets for
NVMe, which requires to send a command to the target which then should
terminate all commands on a given controller.
While we could easily terminate the controller, the specification
also requires us to terminate all outstanding commands.
Which then recurses into my all-time favourite topic on how to
abort outstanding commands from the fs/bio layer.

However, here we don't have to dissect/match to individual commands,
but rather have to abort everything, which seems rather easier.s

So I would like to fathom whether such a thing is feasible/reasonable
(I think so, obviously, and can think of several other use-cases, too,
qemu springs to mind here ...) and discuss possible implementations
(set 'req->deadline' to zero for all pending commands?).
Or maybe we can do such a thing already and I'm just not aware of it...

Cheers,

Hannes
-- 
Dr. Hannes Reinecke                  Kernel Storage Architect
hare@suse.de                                +49 911 74053 688
SUSE Software Solutions GmbH, Frankenstr. 146, 90461 Nürnberg
HRB 36809 (AG Nürnberg), GF: I. Totev, A. McDonald, W. Knoblich

Re: [LSF/MM?BFP TOPIC] Block-layer device resets

[Damien Le Moal]

On 2/2/26 02:06, Hannes Reinecke wrote:
> Hi all,
> 
> We are currently working on implementing cross-controller resets for
> NVMe, which requires to send a command to the target which then should
> terminate all commands on a given controller.
> While we could easily terminate the controller, the specification
> also requires us to terminate all outstanding commands.
> Which then recurses into my all-time favourite topic on how to
> abort outstanding commands from the fs/bio layer.
> 
> However, here we don't have to dissect/match to individual commands,
> but rather have to abort everything, which seems rather easier.s
> 
> So I would like to fathom whether such a thing is feasible/reasonable
> (I think so, obviously, and can think of several other use-cases, too,
> qemu springs to mind here ...) and discuss possible implementations
> (set 'req->deadline' to zero for all pending commands?).
> Or maybe we can do such a thing already and I'm just not aware of it...

Hmmm... Command timeouts ? E.g. if a controller is slow to respond (send
completions), the block layer timeout timer may trigger, which will call into
the low level device driver to force a reset. But before the reset actually
happens, completions may actually come back, and we do handle that race
correctly, well at least for scsi/ata.

Your scenario sound very similar to this: once you reset the controller,
whatever was pending will be silent and can be aborted or retried. So it does
sound like that should not be too difficult, no ? Generalize the timeout
processing or do something similar ?


-- 
Damien Le Moal
Western Digital Research

Re: [LSF/MM?BFP TOPIC] Block-layer device resets

[Bart Van Assche]

On 2/1/26 9:06 AM, Hannes Reinecke wrote:
> While we could easily terminate the controller, the specification
> also requires us to terminate all outstanding commands.
What specification is the above referring to?

Regarding terminating outstanding commands, doesn't how to do this
depend on the storage protocol? Isn't the recommended procedure for
NVMe to delete and re-create all I/O submission and completion queues?
This procedure doesn't require support in the block layer for aborting
individual commands.

Thanks,

Bart.

Re: [LSF/MM?BFP TOPIC] Block-layer device resets

[Hannes Reinecke]

On 2/2/26 02:46, Damien Le Moal wrote:
> On 2/2/26 02:06, Hannes Reinecke wrote:
>> Hi all,
>>
>> We are currently working on implementing cross-controller resets for
>> NVMe, which requires to send a command to the target which then should
>> terminate all commands on a given controller.
>> While we could easily terminate the controller, the specification
>> also requires us to terminate all outstanding commands.
>> Which then recurses into my all-time favourite topic on how to
>> abort outstanding commands from the fs/bio layer.
>>
>> However, here we don't have to dissect/match to individual commands,
>> but rather have to abort everything, which seems rather easier.s
>>
>> So I would like to fathom whether such a thing is feasible/reasonable
>> (I think so, obviously, and can think of several other use-cases, too,
>> qemu springs to mind here ...) and discuss possible implementations
>> (set 'req->deadline' to zero for all pending commands?).
>> Or maybe we can do such a thing already and I'm just not aware of it...
> 
> Hmmm... Command timeouts ? E.g. if a controller is slow to respond (send
> completions), the block layer timeout timer may trigger, which will call into
> the low level device driver to force a reset. But before the reset actually
> happens, completions may actually come back, and we do handle that race
> correctly, well at least for scsi/ata.
> 
> Your scenario sound very similar to this: once you reset the controller,
> whatever was pending will be silent and can be aborted or retried. So it does
> sound like that should not be too difficult, no ? Generalize the timeout
> processing or do something similar ?
> 
The good thing is we don't even need to generalize anything. It should
should be sufficient to walk the inflight requests and set
'rq->deadline' to 'jiffies'. General idea here is to just _initiate_
command termination with this, one then still has to wait for all
commands to complete, but at least now there is a reasonable chance
that this will happen quickly.

Cheers,

Hannes
-- 
Dr. Hannes Reinecke                  Kernel Storage Architect
hare@suse.de                                +49 911 74053 688
SUSE Software Solutions GmbH, Frankenstr. 146, 90461 Nürnberg
HRB 36809 (AG Nürnberg), GF: I. Totev, A. McDonald, W. Knoblich

Re: [LSF/MM?BFP TOPIC] Block-layer device resets

[Hannes Reinecke]

On 2/2/26 18:27, Bart Van Assche wrote:
> On 2/1/26 9:06 AM, Hannes Reinecke wrote:
>> While we could easily terminate the controller, the specification
>> also requires us to terminate all outstanding commands.
> What specification is the above referring to?
> 
> Regarding terminating outstanding commands, doesn't how to do this
> depend on the storage protocol? Isn't the recommended procedure for
> NVMe to delete and re-create all I/O submission and completion queues?
> This procedure doesn't require support in the block layer for aborting
> individual commands.
> 
Sure, all drivers/subsystems implement a similar mechanism. But this is
pretty much implementation specific, and typically wrapped into the
device teardown path.
But that typically also involves tearing down and re-creating the device
node which doesn't lend itself for some configurations.

This proposal is to ensure that all I/O is flushed from the device
without having to reconfigure anything; typical use-case would be
when this device is used as a backing device for a nvmet namespace.

Cheers,

Hannes
-- 
Dr. Hannes Reinecke                  Kernel Storage Architect
hare@suse.de                                +49 911 74053 688
SUSE Software Solutions GmbH, Frankenstr. 146, 90461 Nürnberg
HRB 36809 (AG Nürnberg), GF: I. Totev, A. McDonald, W. Knoblich

Re: [LSF/MM?BFP TOPIC] Block-layer device resets

[Ming Lei]

Hi Hannes,

On Sun, Feb 01, 2026 at 06:06:52PM +0100, Hannes Reinecke wrote:
> Hi all,
> 
> We are currently working on implementing cross-controller resets for
> NVMe, which requires to send a command to the target which then should
> terminate all commands on a given controller.

Can you provide a little background why this reset is required? And for
solve which problem?

> While we could easily terminate the controller, the specification
> also requires us to terminate all outstanding commands.
> Which then recurses into my all-time favourite topic on how to
> abort outstanding commands from the fs/bio layer.

nvme_quiesce_io_queues() & nvme_cancel_tagset() may do it, or do you have
other new requirement not covered by the two helpers?


Thanks, 
Ming

Re: [LSF/MM/BFP TOPIC] Block-layer device resets

[Hannes Reinecke]

On 2/3/26 04:14, Ming Lei wrote:
> Hi Hannes,
> 
> On Sun, Feb 01, 2026 at 06:06:52PM +0100, Hannes Reinecke wrote:
>> Hi all,
>>
>> We are currently working on implementing cross-controller resets for
>> NVMe, which requires to send a command to the target which then should
>> terminate all commands on a given controller.
> 
> Can you provide a little background why this reset is required? And for
> solve which problem?
> 
Sure. It got triggered by me wanting to use a ublk device as a backing
device for nvmet namespace.
During a nvme reconnect the target is supposed to abort/flush all
outstanding commands on the backing device. As this is a block device
we would need to have an interface into the block layer allowing us
to do so.

>> While we could easily terminate the controller, the specification
>> also requires us to terminate all outstanding commands.
>> Which then recurses into my all-time favourite topic on how to
>> abort outstanding commands from the fs/bio layer.
> 
> nvme_quiesce_io_queues() & nvme_cancel_tagset() may do it, or do you have
> other new requirement not covered by the two helpers?
> 
Possibly. But that would be an NVMe-specific way, and won't help us
for things like ublk.

Cheers,

Hannes
-- 
Dr. Hannes Reinecke                  Kernel Storage Architect
hare@suse.de                                +49 911 74053 688
SUSE Software Solutions GmbH, Frankenstr. 146, 90461 Nürnberg
HRB 36809 (AG Nürnberg), GF: I. Totev, A. McDonald, W. Knoblich

Re: [LSF/MM?BFP TOPIC] Block-layer device resets

[Nilay Shroff]

On 2/3/26 4:34 AM, Hannes Reinecke wrote:
> On 2/2/26 02:46, Damien Le Moal wrote:
>> On 2/2/26 02:06, Hannes Reinecke wrote:
>>> Hi all,
>>>
>>> We are currently working on implementing cross-controller resets for
>>> NVMe, which requires to send a command to the target which then should
>>> terminate all commands on a given controller.
>>> While we could easily terminate the controller, the specification
>>> also requires us to terminate all outstanding commands.
>>> Which then recurses into my all-time favourite topic on how to
>>> abort outstanding commands from the fs/bio layer.
>>>
>>> However, here we don't have to dissect/match to individual commands,
>>> but rather have to abort everything, which seems rather easier.s
>>>
>>> So I would like to fathom whether such a thing is feasible/reasonable
>>> (I think so, obviously, and can think of several other use-cases, too,
>>> qemu springs to mind here ...) and discuss possible implementations
>>> (set 'req->deadline' to zero for all pending commands?).
>>> Or maybe we can do such a thing already and I'm just not aware of it...
>>
>> Hmmm... Command timeouts ? E.g. if a controller is slow to respond (send
>> completions), the block layer timeout timer may trigger, which will call into
>> the low level device driver to force a reset. But before the reset actually
>> happens, completions may actually come back, and we do handle that race
>> correctly, well at least for scsi/ata.
>>
>> Your scenario sound very similar to this: once you reset the controller,
>> whatever was pending will be silent and can be aborted or retried. So it does
>> sound like that should not be too difficult, no ? Generalize the timeout
>> processing or do something similar ?
>>
> The good thing is we don't even need to generalize anything. It should
> should be sufficient to walk the inflight requests and set
> 'rq->deadline' to 'jiffies'. General idea here is to just _initiate_
> command termination with this, one then still has to wait for all
> commands to complete, but at least now there is a reasonable chance
> that this will happen quickly.
Well if the request which is being terminated this way happens to be admin
command then it may cause the controller reset. The issue with this approach
is that we're artificially inducing the timeout (instead of actually issuing
abort) and NVMe driver timeout handler assumes the admin command timeout is
fatal and it resets the controller. 

IMO, conceptually, the goal here is not to force a timeout but to explicitly
abort all outstanding commands as required by the NVMe cross-controller reset
semantics. So combining these two (timeout and abort) mechanisms makes the intent
unclear and coupling abort semantics to timeout handling makes it fragile. 

So from this perspective, it would be cleaner to have an explicit blk-mq callback
for aborting all outstanding requests. The block layer would invoke this callback,
and each driver could implement the abort logic according to its own requirements
and specification constraints. For NVMe, this shall allow us to abort in-flight
commands without overloading the timeout path or triggering unintended controller
resets, any thoughts?

Thanks,
--Nilay

Re: [LSF/MM/BFP TOPIC] Block-layer device resets

[Ming Lei]

On Tue, Feb 03, 2026 at 06:51:25AM +0100, Hannes Reinecke wrote:
> On 2/3/26 04:14, Ming Lei wrote:
> > Hi Hannes,
> > 
> > On Sun, Feb 01, 2026 at 06:06:52PM +0100, Hannes Reinecke wrote:
> > > Hi all,
> > > 
> > > We are currently working on implementing cross-controller resets for
> > > NVMe, which requires to send a command to the target which then should
> > > terminate all commands on a given controller.
> > 
> > Can you provide a little background why this reset is required? And for
> > solve which problem?
> > 
> Sure. It got triggered by me wanting to use a ublk device as a backing
> device for nvmet namespace.

ublk supports it, either delete & re-add the disk or use UBLK_F_USER_RECOVERY &
UBLK_F_QUIESCE for keeping disk node.

> During a nvme reconnect the target is supposed to abort/flush all
> outstanding commands on the backing device. As this is a block device
> we would need to have an interface into the block layer allowing us
> to do so.

It could be hard to provide such generic(ioctl) block interface:

1) use queue freeze

- hang risk, because some or many block devices don't implement timeout or
error handling

2) use queue quiesce

- still need driver cooperation for draining the inflight IOs

Basically the hard part is in driver side.

Thanks,
Ming

Re: [LSF/MM?BFP TOPIC] Block-layer device resets

[Hannes Reinecke]

On 2/3/26 13:19, Nilay Shroff wrote:
> 
> 
> On 2/3/26 4:34 AM, Hannes Reinecke wrote:
>> On 2/2/26 02:46, Damien Le Moal wrote:
>>> On 2/2/26 02:06, Hannes Reinecke wrote:
>>>> Hi all,
>>>>
>>>> We are currently working on implementing cross-controller resets for
>>>> NVMe, which requires to send a command to the target which then should
>>>> terminate all commands on a given controller.
>>>> While we could easily terminate the controller, the specification
>>>> also requires us to terminate all outstanding commands.
>>>> Which then recurses into my all-time favourite topic on how to
>>>> abort outstanding commands from the fs/bio layer.
>>>>
>>>> However, here we don't have to dissect/match to individual commands,
>>>> but rather have to abort everything, which seems rather easier.s
>>>>
>>>> So I would like to fathom whether such a thing is feasible/reasonable
>>>> (I think so, obviously, and can think of several other use-cases, too,
>>>> qemu springs to mind here ...) and discuss possible implementations
>>>> (set 'req->deadline' to zero for all pending commands?).
>>>> Or maybe we can do such a thing already and I'm just not aware of it...
>>>
>>> Hmmm... Command timeouts ? E.g. if a controller is slow to respond (send
>>> completions), the block layer timeout timer may trigger, which will call into
>>> the low level device driver to force a reset. But before the reset actually
>>> happens, completions may actually come back, and we do handle that race
>>> correctly, well at least for scsi/ata.
>>>
>>> Your scenario sound very similar to this: once you reset the controller,
>>> whatever was pending will be silent and can be aborted or retried. So it does
>>> sound like that should not be too difficult, no ? Generalize the timeout
>>> processing or do something similar ?
>>>
>> The good thing is we don't even need to generalize anything. It should
>> should be sufficient to walk the inflight requests and set
>> 'rq->deadline' to 'jiffies'. General idea here is to just _initiate_
>> command termination with this, one then still has to wait for all
>> commands to complete, but at least now there is a reasonable chance
>> that this will happen quickly.
> Well if the request which is being terminated this way happens to be admin
> command then it may cause the controller reset. The issue with this approach
> is that we're artificially inducing the timeout (instead of actually issuing
> abort) and NVMe driver timeout handler assumes the admin command timeout is
> fatal and it resets the controller.>
Well, yes, and no.
Command timeouts _are_ artificial; none of the command specifications
mention any timeout, so anything we do here is actually guesswork.
So the controller _must_ be able to abort commands.
I am fully aware that the NVMe driver does _not_ abort commands on 
timeout (but rather resets the controller), but that is an 
implementation detail of NVMe.
(And arguably something which we should fix. Time for another LSF
session, maybe).
Main point is that the block layer already has driver callbacks for
timeout, so one does not need to implement yet another callback.

> IMO, conceptually, the goal here is not to force a timeout but to explicitly
> abort all outstanding commands as required by the NVMe cross-controller reset
> semantics. So combining these two (timeout and abort) mechanisms makes the intent
> unclear and coupling abort semantics to timeout handling makes it fragile.
> 
> So from this perspective, it would be cleaner to have an explicit blk-mq callback
> for aborting all outstanding requests. The block layer would invoke this callback,
> and each driver could implement the abort logic according to its own requirements
> and specification constraints. For NVMe, this shall allow us to abort in-flight
> commands without overloading the timeout path or triggering unintended controller
> resets, any thoughts?
> 
Which is basically the direction I had been thinking about, having a
generic (block-layer) function to invoke device resets.
_How_ this function will be implemented is open for debate.

Cheers,

Hannes
-- 
Dr. Hannes Reinecke                  Kernel Storage Architect
hare@suse.de                                +49 911 74053 688
SUSE Software Solutions GmbH, Frankenstr. 146, 90461 Nürnberg
HRB 36809 (AG Nürnberg), GF: I. Totev, A. McDonald, W. Knoblich

Re: [LSF/MM/BFP TOPIC] Block-layer device resets

[Hannes Reinecke]

On 2/4/26 02:14, Ming Lei wrote:
> On Tue, Feb 03, 2026 at 06:51:25AM +0100, Hannes Reinecke wrote:
>> On 2/3/26 04:14, Ming Lei wrote:
>>> Hi Hannes,
>>>
>>> On Sun, Feb 01, 2026 at 06:06:52PM +0100, Hannes Reinecke wrote:
>>>> Hi all,
>>>>
>>>> We are currently working on implementing cross-controller resets for
>>>> NVMe, which requires to send a command to the target which then should
>>>> terminate all commands on a given controller.
>>>
>>> Can you provide a little background why this reset is required? And for
>>> solve which problem?
>>>
>> Sure. It got triggered by me wanting to use a ublk device as a backing
>> device for nvmet namespace.
> 
> ublk supports it, either delete & re-add the disk or use UBLK_F_USER_RECOVERY &
> UBLK_F_QUIESCE for keeping disk node.
> 
>> During a nvme reconnect the target is supposed to abort/flush all
>> outstanding commands on the backing device. As this is a block device
>> we would need to have an interface into the block layer allowing us
>> to do so.
> 
> It could be hard to provide such generic(ioctl) block interface:
> 
> 1) use queue freeze
> 
> - hang risk, because some or many block devices don't implement timeout or
> error handling
> 
> 2) use queue quiesce
> 
> - still need driver cooperation for draining the inflight IOs
> 
> Basically the hard part is in driver side.
> 
Exactly. If there are drivers which do not implement a timeout handler
we're kinda screwed. But for those we should not implement a device 
reset function, or rather return an error when that function is called.
For all others invoking the timeout handler on all outstanding commands
(and waiting for completions) would be equivalent to a device reset;
for some implementations (like NVMe) is _is_ equivalent to a device reset.

Cheers,

Hannes
-- 
Dr. Hannes Reinecke                  Kernel Storage Architect
hare@suse.de                                +49 911 74053 688
SUSE Software Solutions GmbH, Frankenstr. 146, 90461 Nürnberg
HRB 36809 (AG Nürnberg), GF: I. Totev, A. McDonald, W. Knoblich