[PATCH v8 11/12] zram: fix crashes with cpu hotplug multistate

Luis Chamberlain
2021-09-27T16:38:15Z

Provide a simple state machine to fix races with driver exit where we
remove the CPU multistate callbacks and re-initialization / creation of
new per CPU instances which should be managed by these callbacks.

The zram driver makes use of cpu hotplug multistate support, whereby it
associates a struct zcomp per CPU. Each struct zcomp represents a
compression algorithm in charge of managing compression streams per
CPU. Although a compiled zram driver only supports a fixed set of
compression algorithms, each zram device gets a struct zcomp allocated
per CPU. The "multi" in CPU hotplug multstate refers to these per
cpu struct zcomp instances. Each of these will have the CPU hotplug
callback called for it on CPU plug / unplug. The kernel's CPU hotplug
multistate keeps a linked list of these different structures so that
it will iterate over them on CPU transitions.

By default at driver initialization we will create just one zram device
(num_devices=1) and a zcomp structure then set for the now default
lzo-rle comrpession algorithm. At driver removal we first remove each
zram device, and so we destroy the associated struct zcomp per CPU. But
since we expose sysfs attributes to create new devices or reset /
initialize existing zram devices, we can easily end up re-initializing
a struct zcomp for a zram device before the exit routine of the module
removes the cpu hotplug callback. When this happens the kernel's CPU
hotplug will detect that at least one instance (struct zcomp for us)
exists. This can happen in the following situation:

CPU 1 CPU 2

disksize_store(...);
class_unregister(...);
idr_for_each(...);
zram_debugfs_destroy();

idr_destroy(...);
unregister_blkdev(...);
cpuhp_remove_multi_state(...);

The warning comes up on cpuhp_remove_multi_state() when it sees that the
state for CPUHP_ZCOMP_PREPARE does not have an empty instance linked list.
In this case, that a struct zcom still exists, the driver allowed its
creation per CPU even though we could have just freed them per CPU
though a call on another CPU, and we are then later trying to remove the
hotplug callback.

Fix all this by providing a zram initialization boolean
protected the shared in the driver zram_index_mutex, which we
can use to annotate when sysfs attributes are safe to use or
not -- once the driver is properly initialized. When the driver
is going down we also are sure to not let userspace muck with
attributes which may affect each per cpu struct zcomp.

This also fixes a series of possible memory leaks. The
crashes and memory leaks can easily be caused by issuing
the zram02.sh script from the LTP project [0] in a loop
in two separate windows:

cd testcases/kernel/device-drivers/zram
while true; do PATH=$PATH:$PWD:$PWD/../../../lib/ ./zram02.sh; done

You end up with a splat as follows:

kernel: zram: Removed device: zram0
kernel: zram: Added device: zram0
kernel: zram0: detected capacity change from 0 to 209715200
kernel: Adding 104857596k swap on /dev/zram0. <etc>
kernel: zram0: detected capacitky change from 209715200 to 0
kernel: zram0: detected capacity change from 0 to 209715200
kernel: ------------[ cut here ]------------
kernel: Error: Removing state 63 which has instances left.
kernel: WARNING: CPU: 7 PID: 70457 at \
kernel/cpu.c:2069 __cpuhp_remove_state_cpuslocked+0xf9/0x100
kernel: Modules linked in: zram(E-) zsmalloc(E) <etc>
kernel: CPU: 7 PID: 70457 Comm: rmmod Tainted: G \
E 5.12.0-rc1-next-20210304 #3
kernel: Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), \
BIOS 1.14.0-2 04/01/2014
kernel: RIP: 0010:__cpuhp_remove_state_cpuslocked+0xf9/0x100
kernel: Code: <etc>
kernel: RSP: 0018:ffffa800c139be98 EFLAGS: 00010282
kernel: RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffffffff9083db58 RCX: ffff9609f7dd86d8
kernel: RDX: 00000000ffffffd8 RSI: 0000000000000027 RDI: ffff9609f7dd86d0
kernel: RBP: 0000000000000000i R08: 0000000000000000 R09: ffffa800c139bcb8
kernel: R10: ffffa800c139bcb0 R11: ffffffff908bea40 R12: 000000000000003f
kernel: R13: 00000000000009d8 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 0000000000000000
kernel: FS: 00007f1b075a7540(0000) GS:ffff9609f7dc0000(0000) knlGS:<etc>
kernel: CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
kernel: CR2: 00007f1b07610490 CR3: 00000001bd04e000 CR4: 0000000000350ee0
kernel: Call Trace:
kernel: __cpuhp_remove_state+0x2e/0x80
kernel: __do_sys_delete_module+0x190/0x2a0
kernel: do_syscall_64+0x33/0x80
kernel: entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xae

The "Error: Removing state 63 which has instances left" refers
to the zram per CPU struct zcomp instances left.

[0] https://github.com/linux-test-project/ltp.git

Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
---
drivers/block/zram/zram_drv.c | 63 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
1 file changed, 55 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/block/zram/zram_drv.c b/drivers/block/zram/zram_drv.c
index f61910c65f0f..b26abcb955cc 100644
--- a/drivers/block/zram/zram_drv.c
+++ b/drivers/block/zram/zram_drv.c
@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@ static DEFINE_MUTEX(zram_index_mutex);
static int zram_major;
static const char *default_compressor = CONFIG_ZRAM_DEF_COMP;

+static bool zram_up;
+
/* Module params (documentation at end) */
static unsigned int num_devices = 1;
/*
@@ -1704,6 +1706,7 @@ static void zram_reset_device(struct zram *zram)
comp = zram->comp;
disksize = zram->disksize;
zram->disksize = 0;
+ zram->comp = NULL;

set_capacity_and_notify(zram->disk, 0);
part_stat_set_all(zram->disk->part0, 0);
@@ -1724,9 +1727,18 @@ static ssize_t disksize_store(struct device *dev,
struct zram *zram = dev_to_zram(dev);
int err;

+ mutex_lock(&zram_index_mutex);
+
+ if (!zram_up) {
+ err = -ENODEV;
+ goto out;
+ }
+
disksize = memparse(buf, NULL);
- if (!disksize)
- return -EINVAL;
+ if (!disksize) {
+ err = -EINVAL;
+ goto out;
+ }

down_write(&zram->init_lock);
if (init_done(zram)) {
@@ -1754,12 +1766,16 @@ static ssize_t disksize_store(struct device *dev,
set_capacity_and_notify(zram->disk, zram->disksize >> SECTOR_SHIFT);
up_write(&zram->init_lock);

+ mutex_unlock(&zram_index_mutex);
+
return len;

out_free_meta:
zram_meta_free(zram, disksize);
out_unlock:
up_write(&zram->init_lock);
+out:
+ mutex_unlock(&zram_index_mutex);
return err;
}

@@ -1775,8 +1791,17 @@ static ssize_t reset_store(struct device *dev,
if (ret)
return ret;

- if (!do_reset)
- return -EINVAL;
+ mutex_lock(&zram_index_mutex);
+
+ if (!zram_up) {
+ len = -ENODEV;
+ goto out;
+ }
+
+ if (!do_reset) {
+ len = -EINVAL;
+ goto out;
+ }

zram = dev_to_zram(dev);
bdev = zram->disk->part0;
@@ -1785,7 +1810,8 @@ static ssize_t reset_store(struct device *dev,
/* Do not reset an active device or claimed device */
if (bdev->bd_openers || zram->claim) {
mutex_unlock(&bdev->bd_disk->open_mutex);
- return -EBUSY;
+ len = -EBUSY;
+ goto out;
}

/* From now on, anyone can't open /dev/zram[0-9] */
@@ -1800,6 +1826,8 @@ static ssize_t reset_store(struct device *dev,
zram->claim = false;
mutex_unlock(&bdev->bd_disk->open_mutex);

+out:
+ mutex_unlock(&zram_index_mutex);
return len;
}

@@ -2010,6 +2038,10 @@ static ssize_t hot_add_show(struct class *class,
int ret;

mutex_lock(&zram_index_mutex);
+ if (!zram_up) {
+ mutex_unlock(&zram_index_mutex);
+ return -ENODEV;
+ }
ret = zram_add();
mutex_unlock(&zram_index_mutex);

@@ -2037,6 +2069,11 @@ static ssize_t hot_remove_store(struct class *class,

mutex_lock(&zram_index_mutex);

+ if (!zram_up) {
+ ret = -ENODEV;
+ goto out;
+ }
+
zram = idr_find(&zram_index_idr, dev_id);
if (zram) {
ret = zram_remove(zram);
@@ -2046,6 +2083,7 @@ static ssize_t hot_remove_store(struct class *class,
ret = -ENODEV;
}

+out:
mutex_unlock(&zram_index_mutex);
return ret ? ret : count;
}
@@ -2072,12 +2110,15 @@ static int zram_remove_cb(int id, void *ptr, void *data)

static void destroy_devices(void)
{
+ mutex_lock(&zram_index_mutex);
+ zram_up = false;
class_unregister(&zram_control_class);
idr_for_each(&zram_index_idr, &zram_remove_cb, NULL);
zram_debugfs_destroy();
idr_destroy(&zram_index_idr);
unregister_blkdev(zram_major, "zram");
cpuhp_remove_multi_state(CPUHP_ZCOMP_PREPARE);
+ mutex_unlock(&zram_index_mutex);
}

static int __init zram_init(void)
@@ -2105,15 +2146,21 @@ static int __init zram_init(void)
return -EBUSY;
}

+ mutex_lock(&zram_index_mutex);
+
while (num_devices != 0) {
- mutex_lock(&zram_index_mutex);
ret = zram_add();
- mutex_unlock(&zram_index_mutex);
- if (ret < 0)
+ if (ret < 0) {
+ mutex_unlock(&zram_index_mutex);
goto out_error;
+ }
num_devices--;
}

+ zram_up = true;
+
+ mutex_unlock(&zram_index_mutex);
+
return 0;

out_error:
--
2.30.2