Re: [PATCH v10 13/13] docs: add io_queue flag to isolcpus

Ming Lei
2026-04-10T02:44:36Z

On Thu, Apr 09, 2026 at 09:45:04PM -0400, Aaron Tomlin wrote:
> On Thu, Apr 09, 2026 at 11:00:09PM +0800, Ming Lei wrote:
> > How can the isolated core be scheduled for running polling task?
> >
> > Who triggered it?
> >
> > > loop waiting for the hardware completion. This would completely monopolise
> > > the core and destroy any real time isolation guarantees without the user
> > > space application ever having requested it.
> >
> > No.
> >
> > IOPOLL queue doesn't have interrupt, and the ->poll() is only run from
> > the submission context. So if you don't submitted polled IO on isolated
> > CPU cores, everything is just fine. This is simpler than irq IO actually.
>
> Yes, you are entirely correct. The ->iopoll() is indeed executed strictly
> within the submission context. In the example below, the file operations
> iopoll callback is iocb_bio_iopoll():
>
> // file->f_op->iopoll(&rw->kiocb, iob, poll_flags)
> iocb_bio_iopoll(&rw->kiocb, iob, poll_flags)
> {
> struct bio *bio
>
> bio = READ_ONCE(kiocb->private)
> if (bio)
> bio_poll(bio, iob, flags)
> if (queue_is_mq(q))
> blk_mq_poll(q, cookie, iob, flags)
> {
> if (!blk_mq_can_poll(q))
> return 0
>
> blk_hctx_poll(q, q->queue_hw_ctx[cookie], iob, flags)
> {
> int ret
>
> do {
> ret = q->mq_ops->poll(hctx, iob)
> if (ret > 0)
> return ret
> if (task_sigpending(current))
> return 1
> if (ret < 0 || (flags & BLK_POLL_ONESHOT))
> break
> cpu_relax()
> } while (!need_resched())
>
> return 0
> }
> }
>
> If an application on an isolated CPU does not explicitly submit a polled
> I/O request, it will not poll. Thank you for correcting me on this.

Great, you finally get the point.

>
> > Can you share one example in which managed irq can't address?
>
> Without io_queue, the block layer maps isolated CPUs to these queues, and
> the device will fire unmanaged interrupts that can freely land on isolated

For unmanaged interrupts, user can set irq affinity on housekeeping cpus
from /proc or kernel command line.

Why is unmanaged interrupts involved with this patchset?

> CPUs, thereby breaking isolation. By applying the constraint via io_queue
> at the block layer, we restrict the hardware queue count and map the
> isolated CPUs to the housekeeping queues, ensuring isolation is maintained
> regardless of whether the driver uses managed interrupts.
>
> Does the above help?

As I mentioned, managed irq already covers it:

- typically application submits IO from housekeeping CPUs, which is mapped
to one hardware, which effective interrupt affinity excludes isolated
CPUs if possible.

I'd suggest to share some real problems you found instead of something
imaginary.

>
> > > >
> > > > IMO, only two differences from this viewpoint:
> > > >
> > > > 1) `io_queue` may reduce nr_hw_queues
> > > >
> > > > 2) when application submits IO from isolated CPUs, `io_queue` can complete
> > > > IO from housekeeping CPUs.
> > >
> > > Acknowledged.
> >
> > Are there other major differences besides the two mentioned above?
>
> I believe the above is sufficient. Please let me know your thoughts.

Both two are small improvement, not bug fixes. However the user has to pay
the cost of potential failing of offlining CPU. Not mention the little
complicated change: `19 files changed, 378 insertions(+), 48 deletions(-)`

But I won't object if you can update the commit log/kernel command line
doc and fix the issue found in review.

Thanks,
Ming