Re: Ghost directory entries (previously "Unable to remove directory entry")

Zygo Blaxell
2021-11-19T03:20:39Z

On Thu, Nov 18, 2021 at 11:04:33PM +0000, Filipe Manana wrote:
> On Thu, Nov 18, 2021 at 9:47 PM Zygo Blaxell
> <ce3g8jdj@umail.furryterror.org> wrote:
> >
> > There is an old bug where btrfs leaves ghost entries in a btrfs directory
> > after a crash. Recent instances have been observed on kernel 5.7, 5.10,
> > and 5.14.
>
> I remember looking at and trying to reproduce when you last reported it in 2019.
> I couldn't reproduce it.

I can't reproduce it either, at least not intentionally. All my
information about the issue comes from correlating data from crashes in
the fleet.

Since 2020 the rate of btrfs-related crashes is much lower (good work
everyone!) so this bug happens less often in the field now, and I get
proportionally less data about it.

I haven't observed it myself between 2019 and yesterday, but a few people
on IRC have encountered the issue in between.

> > The reproducer is something like:
> >
> > while (true) { // pseudocode for your favorite application
> > int fd = create(tmp_name);
>
> Is tmp_name the same in every iteration? Or is it a unique name in
> each iteration?

In all cases I know of, both names are the same in every iteration,
e.g. tmp_name = "a.tmp" and regular_name = "a", and the application
keeps using those two file names over and over.

git follows this pattern for many of its files. In the dump-tree below,
all of the files are from a .git directory (index, HEAD, CHERRY_PICK_HEAD,
MERGE_MSG) and the temporary names are typically the regular name with
".lock" appended.

> > write(fd, ...);
> > fsync(fd); // required, bug does not appear without this fsync
> > close(fd);
> > rename(tmp_name, regular_name);
>
> Here I suppose regular_name is unique in each iteration and that we
> are renaming within the same directory (and not moving the file into a
> different directory besides changing its name).

In all cases I know of, the temporary and regular names are in the
same directory.

I haven't seen any cases where unique names (either temporary or regular)
trigger the bug.

In .git folders, object and pack files have unique temporary and regular
names and they are not affected. The bug always affects a branch ref,
the index, HEAD, one of the commit editor message files, or some other
file in .git with a constant (non-hash-based) name.

rsync uses a unique temporary name for each new file and does thousands
of renames in every transfer, but never uses fsync(). Sometimes the
regular name previously exists and sometimes it does not, but neither
case produces a broken dirent.

Mail spools use a unique temporary and regular name for every file and
use fsync() and rename() all day long, but I've never seen the issue
with this workload (or anything with equivalent filename patterns) either.

> > If the fsync is removed from the application loop, this issue never
> > occurs. This makes me think the issue is related to log tree, since
> > log tree is only used when fsync is called[citation needed] and the
> > bug is totally absent without fsync().
>
> Both the fsync and the rename will touch the log tree.

Noted. Maybe the combination of both operations on the same object
does something wrong?

> I have been doing recently many changes around that area, renames and
> directory logging.
> Are you able to test misc-next? Just to check if such recent changes
> haven't fixed it by accident.

Sure, I have a VM dedicated to testing misc-next all the time. I only
have to find a reliable reproducer for this bug to run on it...

> Thanks.
>
> >
> > I have thousands of counterexamples of crashes (the bug has been present
> > since 2016) while running the above loop without one of fsync() or
> > rename(), and no ghost dentries occur. Indeed, an effective workaround
> > for this bug is to always run applications under eatmydata, or remove
> > fsync() calls and recompile.
> >
> > I recently caught this happening on a subvol with 31028760 total directory
> > entries. After removing every dirent from the subvol that had an inode,
> > this is what is left over:
> >
> > btrfs-progs v5.14
> > file tree key (166258 ROOT_ITEM 7934444)
> > leaf 87631174418432 items 189 free space 3852 generation 7937485 owner 166258
> > leaf 87631174418432 flags 0x1(WRITTEN) backref revision 1
> > fs uuid 21806bec-39eb-4ef6-8258-fe1c9c9f0310
> > chunk uuid f5ad05bf-8d8f-42bf-84c1-5935d963b0d3
> > item 0 key (256 INODE_ITEM 0) itemoff 16123 itemsize 160
> > generation 8 transid 7937485 size 20 nbytes 0
> > block group 0 mode 40755 links 1 uid 0 gid 0 rdev 0
> > sequence 3542067 flags 0x0(none)
> > atime 1468817719.337826302 (2016-07-18 00:55:19)
> > ctime 1637267141.710179785 (2021-11-18 15:25:41)
> > mtime 1637267141.710179785 (2021-11-18 15:25:41)
> > otime 1440041474.865575922 (2015-08-19 23:31:14)
> > item 1 key (256 INODE_REF 256) itemoff 16111 itemsize 12
> > index 0 namelen 2 name: ..
> > item 2 key (256 DIR_ITEM 1799309257) itemoff 16076 itemsize 35
> > location key (128860927 INODE_ITEM 0) type DIR
> > transid 7937485 data_len 0 name_len 5
> > name: repo2
> > item 3 key (256 DIR_ITEM 2020586557) itemoff 16041 itemsize 35
> > location key (128853607 INODE_ITEM 0) type DIR
> > transid 7937484 data_len 0 name_len 5
> > name: repo1
> > item 4 key (256 DIR_INDEX 7) itemoff 16006 itemsize 35
> > location key (128853607 INODE_ITEM 0) type DIR
> > transid 7937484 data_len 0 name_len 5
> > name: repo1
> > item 5 key (256 DIR_INDEX 8) itemoff 15971 itemsize 35
> > location key (128860927 INODE_ITEM 0) type DIR
> > transid 7937485 data_len 0 name_len 5
> > name: repo2
> > item 6 key (128853607 INODE_ITEM 0) itemoff 15811 itemsize 160
> > generation 3919396 transid 7937484 size 8 nbytes 0
> > block group 0 mode 40755 links 1 uid 1000 gid 1000 rdev 0
> > sequence 665 flags 0x0(none)
> > atime 1562006299.87401964 (2019-07-01 14:38:19)
> > ctime 1637267136.271154989 (2021-11-18 15:25:36)
> > mtime 1637244363.335357854 (2021-11-18 09:06:03)
> > otime 1562990419.485827259 (2019-07-13 00:00:19)
> > item 7 key (128853607 INODE_REF 256) itemoff 15796 itemsize 15
> > index 7 namelen 5 name: repo1
> > item 8 key (128853607 DIR_ITEM 1694554592) itemoff 15762 itemsize 34
> > location key (128853608 INODE_ITEM 0) type DIR
> > transid 3919396 data_len 0 name_len 4
> > name: .git
> > item 9 key (128853607 DIR_INDEX 2) itemoff 15728 itemsize 34
> > location key (128853608 INODE_ITEM 0) type DIR
> > transid 3919396 data_len 0 name_len 4
> > name: .git
> > item 10 key (128853608 INODE_ITEM 0) itemoff 15568 itemsize 160
> > generation 3919396 transid 7936933 size 0 nbytes 0
> > block group 0 mode 40755 links 1 uid 1000 gid 1000 rdev 0
> > sequence 188698 flags 0x0(none)
> > atime 1562006299.287401961 (2019-07-01 14:38:19)
> > ctime 1637247755.848804443 (2021-11-18 10:02:35)
> > mtime 1637247755.848804443 (2021-11-18 10:02:35)
> > otime 7953764182178924544.1936025699 (-1358315181-11-18 20:42:24)
> > item 11 key (128853608 INODE_REF 128853607) itemoff 15554 itemsize 14
> > index 2 namelen 4 name: .git
> > item 12 key (128853608 DIR_INDEX 71216) itemoff 15516 itemsize 38
> > location key (205369010 INODE_ITEM 0) type FILE
> > transid 7934032 data_len 0 name_len 8
> > name: MERGE_RR
> > item 13 key (128853608 DIR_INDEX 71224) itemoff 15481 itemsize 35
> > location key (205369050 INODE_ITEM 0) type FILE
> > transid 7934032 data_len 0 name_len 5
> > name: index
> > item 14 key (128853608 DIR_INDEX 71226) itemoff 15447 itemsize 34
> > location key (205369080 INODE_ITEM 0) type FILE
> > transid 7934032 data_len 0 name_len 4
> > name: HEAD
> > item 15 key (128853608 DIR_INDEX 71234) itemoff 15412 itemsize 35
> > location key (205369091 INODE_ITEM 0) type FILE
> > transid 7934032 data_len 0 name_len 5
> > name: index
> > item 16 key (128853608 DIR_INDEX 71241) itemoff 15378 itemsize 34
> > location key (205369100 INODE_ITEM 0) type FILE
> > transid 7934032 data_len 0 name_len 4
> > name: HEAD
> > item 17 key (128853608 DIR_INDEX 71247) itemoff 15343 itemsize 35
> > location key (205369109 INODE_ITEM 0) type FILE
> > transid 7934032 data_len 0 name_len 5
> > name: index
> > item 18 key (128853608 DIR_INDEX 71249) itemoff 15304 itemsize 39
> > location key (205369114 INODE_ITEM 0) type FILE
> > transid 7934032 data_len 0 name_len 9
> > name: MERGE_MSG
> > item 19 key (128853608 DIR_INDEX 71251) itemoff 15258 itemsize 46
> > location key (205369115 INODE_ITEM 0) type FILE
> > transid 7934032 data_len 0 name_len 16
> > name: CHERRY_PICK_HEAD
> > item 20 key (128853608 DIR_INDEX 71254) itemoff 15224 itemsize 34
> > location key (205369121 INODE_ITEM 0) type FILE
> > transid 7934032 data_len 0 name_len 4
> > name: HEAD
> > item 21 key (128853608 DIR_INDEX 71260) itemoff 15189 itemsize 35
> > location key (205369129 INODE_ITEM 0) type FILE
> > transid 7934032 data_len 0 name_len 5
> > name: index
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> > location key (205369131 INODE_ITEM 0) type FILE
> > transid 7934032 data_len 0 name_len 9
> > name: MERGE_MSG
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> > location key (205369132 INODE_ITEM 0) type FILE
> > transid 7934032 data_len 0 name_len 16
> > name: CHERRY_PICK_HEAD
> > item 24 key (128853608 DIR_INDEX 71267) itemoff 15070 itemsize 34
> > location key (205369136 INODE_ITEM 0) type FILE
> > transid 7934032 data_len 0 name_len 4
> > name: HEAD
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> > location key (205369144 INODE_ITEM 0) type FILE
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> > name: index
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> > location key (205369146 INODE_ITEM 0) type FILE
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> > name: MERGE_MSG
> > item 27 key (128853608 DIR_INDEX 71277) itemoff 14950 itemsize 46
> > location key (205369147 INODE_ITEM 0) type FILE
> > transid 7934032 data_len 0 name_len 16
> > name: CHERRY_PICK_HEAD
> > item 28 key (128853608 DIR_INDEX 71280) itemoff 14916 itemsize 34
> > location key (205369152 INODE_ITEM 0) type FILE
> > transid 7934032 data_len 0 name_len 4
> > name: HEAD
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> > location key (205369160 INODE_ITEM 0) type FILE
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> > name: index
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> > location key (205369162 INODE_ITEM 0) type FILE
> > transid 7934032 data_len 0 name_len 9
> > name: MERGE_MSG
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> > location key (205369163 INODE_ITEM 0) type FILE
> > transid 7934032 data_len 0 name_len 16
> > name: CHERRY_PICK_HEAD
> > item 32 key (128853608 DIR_INDEX 71293) itemoff 14762 itemsize 34
> > location key (205369167 INODE_ITEM 0) type FILE
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> > name: HEAD
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> > location key (205369175 INODE_ITEM 0) type FILE
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> > name: index
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> > location key (205369178 INODE_ITEM 0) type FILE
> > transid 7934032 data_len 0 name_len 9
> > name: MERGE_MSG
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> > location key (205369179 INODE_ITEM 0) type FILE
> > transid 7934032 data_len 0 name_len 16
> > name: CHERRY_PICK_HEAD
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> > location key (205369184 INODE_ITEM 0) type FILE
> > transid 7934032 data_len 0 name_len 4
> > name: HEAD
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> > name: MERGE_MSG
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> > name: CHERRY_PICK_HEAD
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> > name: CHERRY_PICK_HEAD
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> > name: CHERRY_PICK_HEAD
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> > name: MERGE_MSG
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> > name: CHERRY_PICK_HEAD
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> > name: MERGE_MSG
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> > name: CHERRY_PICK_HEAD
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> > name: index
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> > location key (205369777 INODE_ITEM 0) type FILE
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> > name: MERGE_MSG
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> > location key (205369778 INODE_ITEM 0) type FILE
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> > name: CHERRY_PICK_HEAD
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> > location key (205369781 INODE_ITEM 0) type FILE
> > transid 7934032 data_len 0 name_len 4
> > name: HEAD
> > item 182 key (128860927 INODE_ITEM 0) itemoff 8869 itemsize 160
> > generation 3919396 transid 7937485 size 8 nbytes 0
> > block group 0 mode 40775 links 1 uid 1000 gid 1000 rdev 0
> > sequence 265 flags 0x0(none)
> > atime 1562006335.537401474 (2019-07-01 14:38:55)
> > ctime 1637267141.710179785 (2021-11-18 15:25:41)
> > mtime 1637247755.848804443 (2021-11-18 10:02:35)
> > otime 1562990425.396827463 (2019-07-13 00:00:25)
> > item 183 key (128860927 INODE_REF 256) itemoff 8854 itemsize 15
> > index 8 namelen 5 name: repo2
> > item 184 key (128860927 DIR_ITEM 1694554592) itemoff 8820 itemsize 34
> > location key (128860929 INODE_ITEM 0) type DIR
> > transid 3919396 data_len 0 name_len 4
> > name: .git
> > item 185 key (128860927 DIR_INDEX 3) itemoff 8786 itemsize 34
> > location key (128860929 INODE_ITEM 0) type DIR
> > transid 3919396 data_len 0 name_len 4
> > name: .git
> > item 186 key (128860929 INODE_ITEM 0) itemoff 8626 itemsize 160
> > generation 3919396 transid 7936933 size 0 nbytes 0
> > block group 0 mode 40775 links 1 uid 1000 gid 1000 rdev 0
> > sequence 120062 flags 0x0(none)
> > atime 1562006335.966401468 (2019-07-01 14:38:55)
> > ctime 1637247766.285851455 (2021-11-18 10:02:46)
> > mtime 1637247766.285851455 (2021-11-18 10:02:46)
> > otime 7953764182178924544.1936025699 (-1358315181-11-18 20:42:24)
> > item 187 key (128860929 INODE_REF 128860927) itemoff 8612 itemsize 14
> > index 3 namelen 4 name: .git
> > item 188 key (128860929 DIR_INDEX 47625) itemoff 8577 itemsize 35
> > location key (205369883 INODE_ITEM 0) type FILE
> > transid 7934032 data_len 0 name_len 5
> > name: index
> > total bytes 45641256394752
> > bytes used 22206031355904
> > uuid 21806bec-39eb-4ef6-8258-fe1c9c9f0310
> >
> > To 'find' it looks like this (note the duplicated directory entries):
> >
> > .
> > ./repo1
> > ./repo1/.git
> > ./repo1/.git/MERGE_RR
> > ./repo1/.git/index
> > ./repo1/.git/HEAD
> > ./repo1/.git/index
> > ./repo1/.git/HEAD
> > ./repo1/.git/index
> > ./repo1/.git/MERGE_MSG
> > [...]
> > ./repo1/.git/MERGE_MSG
> > ./repo1/.git/CHERRY_PICK_HEAD
> > ./repo1/.git/HEAD
> > ./repo1/.git/index
> > ./repo1/.git/MERGE_MSG
> > ./repo1/.git/CHERRY_PICK_HEAD
> > ./repo1/.git/HEAD
> > ./repo1/.git/index
> > ./repo1/.git/MERGE_MSG
> > ./repo1/.git/CHERRY_PICK_HEAD
> > ./repo1/.git/HEAD
> > ./repo2
> > ./repo2/.git
> > ./repo2/.git/index
> >
> > 'find -ls' can't stat any of the directory entries because there are no
> > inodes behind them:
> >
> > 256 0 drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 20 Nov 18 15:25 .
> > 128853607 0 drwxr-xr-x 1 zblaxell zblaxell 8 Nov 18 09:06 ./repo1
> > 128853608 0 drwxr-xr-x 1 zblaxell zblaxell 0 Nov 18 10:02 ./repo1/.git
> > find: ‘./repo1/.git/MERGE_RR’: No such file or directory
> > find: ‘./repo1/.git/index’: No such file or directory
> > find: ‘./repo1/.git/HEAD’: No such file or directory
> > find: ‘./repo1/.git/index’: No such file or directory
> > find: ‘./repo1/.git/HEAD’: No such file or directory
> > find: ‘./repo1/.git/index’: No such file or directory
> > find: ‘./repo1/.git/MERGE_MSG’: No such file or directory
> > [...]
> > find: ‘./repo1/.git/CHERRY_PICK_HEAD’: No such file or directory
> > find: ‘./repo1/.git/index’: No such file or directory
> > find: ‘./repo1/.git/MERGE_MSG’: No such file or directory
> > find: ‘./repo1/.git/CHERRY_PICK_HEAD’: No such file or directory
> > find: ‘./repo1/.git/HEAD’: No such file or directory
> > find: ‘./repo1/.git/index’: No such file or directory
> > find: ‘./repo1/.git/MERGE_MSG’: No such file or directory
> > find: ‘./repo1/.git/CHERRY_PICK_HEAD’: No such file or directory
> > find: ‘./repo1/.git/HEAD’: No such file or directory
> > 128860927 0 drwxrwxr-x 1 zblaxell zblaxell 8 Nov 18 10:02 ./repo2
> > 128860929 0 drwxrwxr-x 1 zblaxell zblaxell 0 Nov 18 10:02 ./repo2/.git
> > find: ‘./repo2/.git/index’: No such file or directory
> >
> > Overall it's a mostly-harmless bug. rmdir can remove a directory that
> > contains only DIR_INDEX items, so I can do something like this to clean
> > up the mess without having to resort to btrfs check --repair:
> >
> > cp -a --reflink dir dir.new
> > mv dir dir.old
> > mv dir.new dir
> > rm -fr dir.old
> >
> > Previously:
> >
> > https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/20191209001721.GF22121@hungrycats.org/
>
>
>
> --
> Filipe David Manana,
>
> “Whether you think you can, or you think you can't — you're right.”
>