enum types and casting

enum types and casting

[Shriramana Sharma]

Hello. Just now I learnt that enums can be very usefully used as types, 
and was experimenting some with it. The following questions arose.

1. Are enums allowed as types only in C++ and not in C? gcc rejects 
using an enum as a type whereas g++ accepts it.

2.

Consider:

enum BODY { SUN, MOON, STAR } ;
enum PLANET { EARTH, VENUS, MARS, PLUTO } ;

int main ( void )
{
	BODY body ;
	// body = 1 ;         // gives error
	// body = EARTH ;     // gives error
	body = (BODY) 1 ;     // does not give error. expected.
	body = (BODY) EARTH ; // does not give error. expected.
	body = 3 ;            // does not give error. unexpected.
	body = (BODY) PLUTO ; // does not give error. unexpected.
}

When the target enum of the cast contains no name that has the same 
integer value as the value being casted, how does g++ accept the cast? 
Is this expected behaviour or a bug?

Thanks as always.

Shriramana Sharma.

P.S: Oops, silly me, Pluto isn't a planet any more...

Re: enum types and casting

[leslie.polzer]

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On Sun, Apr 29, 2007 at 11:10:26AM +0530, Shriramana Sharma wrote:

> 1. Are enums allowed as types only in C++ and not in C?

They are part of ANSI C.


> gcc rejects using an enum as a type whereas g++ accepts it.

Not really.  You need to say "enum BODY body".


> When the target enum of the cast contains no name that has the same
> integer value as the value being casted, how does g++ accept the cast?
> Is this expected behaviour or a bug?

You are doing C style casts here, which you shouldn't.
The compiler will warn you at best, but in the end he will handle
everything as raw bytes.

  Leslie

-- 
Personal homepage: https://viridian.dnsalias.net/~sky/homepage/
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Re: enum types and casting

[Steve Graegert]

On 4/29/07, Shriramana Sharma <samjnaa@gmail.com> wrote:
> Hello. Just now I learnt that enums can be very usefully used as types,
> and was experimenting some with it. The following questions arose.
>
> 1. Are enums allowed as types only in C++ and not in C? gcc rejects
> using an enum as a type whereas g++ accepts it.

As Leslie pointed out, you will have to declare variables of type
enumwith the enum keyword.

> 2.
>
> Consider:
>
> enum BODY { SUN, MOON, STAR } ;
> enum PLANET { EARTH, VENUS, MARS, PLUTO } ;
>
> int main ( void )
> {
>         BODY body ;
>         // body = 1 ;         // gives error
>         // body = EARTH ;     // gives error
>         body = (BODY) 1 ;     // does not give error. expected.
>         body = (BODY) EARTH ; // does not give error. expected.
>         body = 3 ;            // does not give error. unexpected.
>         body = (BODY) PLUTO ; // does not give error. unexpected.
> }
>
> When the target enum of the cast contains no name that has the same
> integer value as the value being casted, how does g++ accept the cast?
> Is this expected behaviour or a bug?

From the historical perspective, enums are implicitly converted to an
integral value whenever needed. And there __always__ is an integral
value to represent any enum value.  That's why assignments of integers
to variables of type enum are perfectly legal. So, for example, when
you compare two enum values, they are both converted to an integer.

However, assignment of an int to an enum variable leads to undefined
behavior if the enum is not large enough to store the integral value.
So, allowing the assignment of any integer, without casting, to a
variable of enum type, would be worse than the opposite.

To convert an integral type to an enumeration, use the following semantic:

enum TEST { zero = 0, one, two };
int i1 = 2;
test t1 = static_cast<TEST> (i1); // t1 == two

The same is true for casts between different enum types.

	\Steve

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Steve Grägert <steve@graegert.com>
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Re: enum types and casting

[Shriramana Sharma]

Steve Graegert wrote:

> To convert an integral type to an enumeration, use the following semantic:
> 
> enum TEST { zero = 0, one, two };
> int i1 = 2;
> test t1 = static_cast<TEST> (i1); // t1 == two

Steve,

I tried this as follows:

enum BODY { SUN, MOON, STAR } ;
enum PLANET { EARTH, VENUS, MARS, PLUTO } ;
int main ( void )
{
  BODY body ;
  body = static_cast < BODY > ( 3 ) ; // does not give error.
  body = static_cast < BODY > ( PLUTO ) ; // does not give error.
}

but it still does not throw an error even though the enum being casted 
*to* does not contain an identifier equivalent to the value actually 
being casted, whether a primitive integer or an identifier belonging to 
another enum.

Don't you think this is a GCC bug?

Shriramana.