Re: [PATCH RESEND 00/62] initrd: remove classic initrd support

Christophe Leroy
2025-09-23T12:21:25Z

Le 13/09/2025 à 02:37, Askar Safin a écrit :
> [Vous ne recevez pas souvent de courriers de safinaskar@gmail.com. Découvrez pourquoi ceci est important à https://aka.ms/LearnAboutSenderIdentification ]
>
> Intro
> ====
> This patchset removes classic initrd (initial RAM disk) support,
> which was deprecated in 2020.
> Initramfs still stays, and RAM disk itself (brd) still stays, too.
> init/do_mounts* and init/*initramfs* are listed in VFS entry in
> MAINTAINERS, so I think this patchset should go through VFS tree.
> This patchset touchs every subdirectory in arch/, so I tested it
> on 8 (!!!) archs in Qemu (see details below).
> Warning: this patchset renames CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD (!!!) to CONFIG_INITRAMFS
> and CONFIG_RD_* to CONFIG_INITRAMFS_DECOMPRESS_* (for example,
> CONFIG_RD_GZIP to CONFIG_INITRAMFS_DECOMPRESS_GZIP).
> If you still use initrd, see below for workaround.

Apologise if my question looks stupid, but I'm using QEMU for various
tests, and the way QEMU is started is something like:

qemu-system-ppc -kernel ./vmlinux -cpu g4 -M mac99 -initrd
./qemu/rootfs.cpio.gz

I was therefore expecting (and fearing) it to fail with your series
applied, but surprisingly it still works.

Therefore is it really initrd you are removing or just some corner case
? If it is really initrd, then how does QEMU still work with that
-initrd parameter ?

Thanks
Christophe

>
> Details
> ====
> I not only removed initrd, I also removed a lot of code, which
> became dead, including a lot of code in arch/.
>
> Still I think the only two architectures I touched in non-trivial
> way are sh and 32-bit arm.
>
> Also I renamed some files, functions and variables (which became misnomers) to proper names,
> moved some code around, removed a lot of mentions of initrd
> in code and comments. Also I cleaned up some docs.
>
> For example, I renamed the following global variables:
>
> __initramfs_start
> __initramfs_size
> phys_initrd_start
> phys_initrd_size
> initrd_start
> initrd_end
>
> to:
>
> __builtin_initramfs_start
> __builtin_initramfs_size
> phys_external_initramfs_start
> phys_external_initramfs_size
> virt_external_initramfs_start
> virt_external_initramfs_end
>
> New names precisely capture meaning of these variables.
>
> Also I renamed CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD (which became total misnomer)
> to CONFIG_INITRAMFS. And CONFIG_RD_* to CONFIG_INITRAMFS_DECOMPRESS_*.
> This will break all configs out there (update your configs!).
> Still I think this is okay,
> because config names never were part of stable API.
> Still, I don't have strong opinion here, so I can drop these renamings
> if needed.
>
> Other user-visible changes:
>
> - Removed kernel command line parameters "load_ramdisk" and
> "prompt_ramdisk", which did nothing and were deprecated
> - Removed kernel command line parameter "ramdisk_start",
> which was used for initrd only (not for initramfs)
> - Removed kernel command line parameter "noinitrd",
> which was inconsistent: it controlled initrd only
> (not initramfs), except for EFI boot, where it
> controlled both initramfs and initrd. EFI users
> still can disable initramfs simply by not passing it
> - Removed kernel command line parameter "ramdisk_size",
> which used for controlling ramdisk (brd), but only
> in non-modular mode. Use brd.rd_size instead, it
> always works
> - Removed /proc/sys/kernel/real-root-dev . It was used
> for initrd only
>
> This patchset is based on v6.17-rc5.
>
> Testing
> ====
> I tested my patchset on many architectures in Qemu using my Rust
> program, heavily based on mkroot [1].
>
> I used the following cross-compilers:
>
> aarch64-linux-musleabi
> armv4l-linux-musleabihf
> armv5l-linux-musleabihf
> armv7l-linux-musleabihf
> i486-linux-musl
> i686-linux-musl
> mips-linux-musl
> mips64-linux-musl
> mipsel-linux-musl
> powerpc-linux-musl
> powerpc64-linux-musl
> powerpc64le-linux-musl
> riscv32-linux-musl
> riscv64-linux-musl
> s390x-linux-musl
> sh4-linux-musl
> sh4eb-linux-musl
> x86_64-linux-musl
>
> taken from this directory [2].
>
> So, as you can see, there are 18 triplets, which correspond to 8 subdirs in arch/.
>
> And note that this list contains two archs (arm and sh) touched in non-trivial way.
>
> For every triplet I tested that:
> - Initramfs still works (both builtin and external)
> - Direct boot from disk still works
>
> Workaround
> ====
> If "retain_initrd" is passed to kernel, then initramfs/initrd,
> passed by bootloader, is retained and becomes available after boot
> as read-only magic file /sys/firmware/initrd [3].
>
> No copies are involved. I. e. /sys/firmware/initrd is simply
> a reference to original blob passed by bootloader.
>
> This works even if initrd/initramfs is not recognized by kernel
> in any way, i. e. even if it is not valid cpio archive, nor
> a fs image supported by classic initrd.
>
> This works both with my patchset and without it.
>
> This means that you can emulate classic initrd so:
> link builtin initramfs to kernel. In /init in this initramfs
> copy /sys/firmware/initrd to some file in / and loop-mount it.
>
> This is even better than classic initrd, because:
> - You can use fs not supported by classic initrd, for example erofs
> - One copy is involved (from /sys/firmware/initrd to some file in /)
> as opposed to two when using classic initrd
>
> Still, I don't recommend using this workaround, because
> I want everyone to migrate to proper modern initramfs.
> But still you can use this workaround if you want.
>
> Also: it is not possible to directly loop-mount
> /sys/firmware/initrd . Theoretically kernel can be changed
> to allow this (and/or to make it writable), but I think nobody needs this.
> And I don't want to implement this.
>
> P. S. When I sent this patchset first time, zoho mail banned me for
> too much email. So I resend this using gmail. The only change is
> email change, there are no other changes
>
> [1] https://github.com/landley/toybox/tree/master/mkroot
> [2] https://landley.net/toybox/downloads/binaries/toolchains/latest
> [3] https://lore.kernel.org/all/20231207235654.16622-1-graf@amazon.com/
>
> Askar Safin (62):
> init: remove deprecated "load_ramdisk" command line parameter, which
> does nothing
> init: remove deprecated "prompt_ramdisk" command line parameter, which
> does nothing
> init: sh, sparc, x86: remove unused constants RAMDISK_PROMPT_FLAG and
> RAMDISK_LOAD_FLAG
> init: x86, arm, sh, sparc: remove variable rd_image_start, which
> controls starting block number of initrd
> init: remove "ramdisk_start" command line parameter, which controls
> starting block number of initrd
> arm: init: remove special logic for setting brd.rd_size
> arm: init: remove ATAG_RAMDISK
> arm: init: remove FLAG_RDLOAD and FLAG_RDPROMPT
> arm: init: document rd_start (in param_struct) as obsolete
> initrd: remove initrd (initial RAM disk) support
> init, efi: remove "noinitrd" command line parameter
> init: remove /proc/sys/kernel/real-root-dev
> ext2: remove ext2_image_size and associated code
> init: m68k, mips, powerpc, s390, sh: remove Root_RAM0
> doc: modernize Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/ramdisk.rst
> brd: remove "ramdisk_size" command line parameter
> doc: modernize Documentation/filesystems/ramfs-rootfs-initramfs.rst
> doc: modernize
> Documentation/driver-api/early-userspace/early_userspace_support.rst
> init: remove mentions of "ramdisk=" command line parameter
> doc: remove Documentation/power/swsusp-dmcrypt.rst
> init: remove all mentions of root=/dev/ram*
> doc: remove obsolete mentions of pivot_root
> init: rename __initramfs_{start,size} to
> __builtin_initramfs_{start,size}
> init: remove wrong comment
> init: rename phys_initrd_{start,size} to
> phys_external_initramfs_{start,size}
> init: move phys_external_initramfs_{start,size} to init/initramfs.c
> init: alpha: remove "extern unsigned long initrd_start, initrd_end"
> init: alpha, arc, arm, arm64, csky, m68k, microblaze, mips, nios2,
> openrisc, parisc, powerpc, s390, sh, sparc, um, x86, xtensa: rename
> initrd_{start,end} to virt_external_initramfs_{start,end}
> init: move virt_external_initramfs_{start,end} to init/initramfs.c
> doc: remove documentation for block device 4 0
> init: rename initrd_below_start_ok to initramfs_below_start_ok
> init: move initramfs_below_start_ok to init/initramfs.c
> init: remove init/do_mounts_initrd.c
> init: inline create_dev into the only caller
> init: make mount_root_generic static
> init: make mount_root static
> init: remove root_mountflags from init/do_mounts.h
> init: remove most headers from init/do_mounts.h
> init: make console_on_rootfs static
> init: rename free_initrd_mem to free_initramfs_mem
> init: rename reserve_initrd_mem to reserve_initramfs_mem
> init: rename <linux/initrd.h> to <linux/initramfs.h>
> setsid: inline ksys_setsid into the only caller
> doc: kernel-parameters: remove [RAM] from reserve_mem=
> doc: kernel-parameters: replace [RAM] with [INITRAMFS]
> init: edit docs for initramfs-related configs
> init: fix typo: virtul => virtual
> init: fix comment
> init: rename ramdisk_execute_command to initramfs_execute_command
> init: rename ramdisk_command_access to initramfs_command_access
> init: rename get_boot_config_from_initrd to
> get_boot_config_from_initramfs
> init: rename do_retain_initrd to retain_initramfs
> init: rename kexec_free_initrd to kexec_free_initramfs
> init: arm, x86: deal with some references to initrd
> init: rename CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD to CONFIG_INITRAMFS
> init: rename CONFIG_RD_GZIP to CONFIG_INITRAMFS_DECOMPRESS_GZIP
> init: rename CONFIG_RD_BZIP2 to CONFIG_INITRAMFS_DECOMPRESS_BZIP2
> init: rename CONFIG_RD_LZMA to CONFIG_INITRAMFS_DECOMPRESS_LZMA
> init: rename CONFIG_RD_XZ to CONFIG_INITRAMFS_DECOMPRESS_XZ
> init: rename CONFIG_RD_LZO to CONFIG_INITRAMFS_DECOMPRESS_LZO
> init: rename CONFIG_RD_LZ4 to CONFIG_INITRAMFS_DECOMPRESS_LZ4
> init: rename CONFIG_RD_ZSTD to CONFIG_INITRAMFS_DECOMPRESS_ZSTD
>
> .../admin-guide/blockdev/ramdisk.rst | 104 +----
> .../admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-init.rst | 4 +-
> Documentation/admin-guide/devices.txt | 12 -
> Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst | 1 -
> Documentation/admin-guide/initrd.rst | 383 ------------------
> .../admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst | 4 +-
> .../admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt | 38 +-
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> Documentation/arch/x86/boot.rst | 4 +-
> .../early_userspace_support.rst | 18 +-
> .../filesystems/ramfs-rootfs-initramfs.rst | 20 +-
> Documentation/power/index.rst | 1 -
> Documentation/power/swsusp-dmcrypt.rst | 140 -------
> Documentation/security/ipe.rst | 2 +-
> .../translations/zh_CN/power/index.rst | 1 -
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> arch/arm/include/uapi/asm/setup.h | 10 -
> arch/arm/kernel/atags_compat.c | 10 -
> arch/arm/kernel/atags_parse.c | 16 +-
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> arch/csky/kernel/setup.c | 24 +-
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> arch/powerpc/configs/83xx/asp8347_defconfig | 2 +-
> .../configs/83xx/mpc8313_rdb_defconfig | 2 +-
> .../configs/83xx/mpc8315_rdb_defconfig | 2 +-
> .../configs/83xx/mpc832x_rdb_defconfig | 2 +-
> .../configs/83xx/mpc834x_itx_defconfig | 2 +-
> .../configs/83xx/mpc834x_itxgp_defconfig | 2 +-
> .../configs/83xx/mpc836x_rdk_defconfig | 2 +-
> .../configs/83xx/mpc837x_rdb_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/powerpc/configs/85xx/ge_imp3a_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/powerpc/configs/85xx/ksi8560_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/powerpc/configs/85xx/socrates_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/powerpc/configs/85xx/stx_gp3_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/powerpc/configs/85xx/tqm8540_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/powerpc/configs/85xx/tqm8541_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/powerpc/configs/85xx/tqm8548_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/powerpc/configs/85xx/tqm8555_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/powerpc/configs/85xx/tqm8560_defconfig | 2 +-
> .../configs/85xx/xes_mpc85xx_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/powerpc/configs/amigaone_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/powerpc/configs/cell_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/powerpc/configs/chrp32_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/powerpc/configs/fsl-emb-nonhw.config | 2 +-
> arch/powerpc/configs/g5_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/powerpc/configs/gamecube_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/powerpc/configs/holly_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/powerpc/configs/linkstation_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/powerpc/configs/mgcoge_defconfig | 4 +-
> arch/powerpc/configs/microwatt_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/powerpc/configs/mpc512x_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/powerpc/configs/mpc5200_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/powerpc/configs/mpc83xx_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/powerpc/configs/pasemi_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/powerpc/configs/pmac32_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/powerpc/configs/powernv_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/powerpc/configs/ppc44x_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/powerpc/configs/ppc64_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/powerpc/configs/ppc64e_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/powerpc/configs/ppc6xx_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/powerpc/configs/ps3_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/powerpc/configs/skiroot_defconfig | 12 +-
> arch/powerpc/configs/wii_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/powerpc/kernel/prom.c | 22 +-
> arch/powerpc/kernel/prom_init.c | 6 +-
> arch/powerpc/kernel/setup-common.c | 25 +-
> arch/powerpc/kernel/setup_32.c | 2 +-
> arch/powerpc/kernel/setup_64.c | 2 +-
> arch/powerpc/mm/init_32.c | 2 +-
> arch/powerpc/platforms/52xx/lite5200.c | 2 +-
> arch/powerpc/platforms/83xx/km83xx.c | 2 +-
> arch/powerpc/platforms/85xx/mpc85xx_mds.c | 2 +-
> arch/powerpc/platforms/chrp/setup.c | 2 +-
> .../platforms/embedded6xx/linkstation.c | 2 +-
> .../platforms/embedded6xx/storcenter.c | 2 +-
> arch/powerpc/platforms/powermac/setup.c | 8 +-
> arch/riscv/configs/defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/riscv/configs/nommu_k210_defconfig | 16 +-
> arch/riscv/configs/nommu_virt_defconfig | 12 +-
> arch/riscv/mm/init.c | 4 +-
> arch/s390/boot/ipl_parm.c | 2 +-
> arch/s390/boot/startup.c | 4 +-
> arch/s390/configs/zfcpdump_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/s390/kernel/setup.c | 10 +-
> arch/s390/mm/init.c | 2 +-
> arch/sh/configs/apsh4a3a_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/sh/configs/apsh4ad0a_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/sh/configs/ecovec24-romimage_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/sh/configs/edosk7760_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/sh/configs/kfr2r09-romimage_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/sh/configs/kfr2r09_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/sh/configs/magicpanelr2_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/sh/configs/migor_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/sh/configs/rsk7201_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/sh/configs/rsk7203_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/sh/configs/sdk7786_defconfig | 8 +-
> arch/sh/configs/se7206_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/sh/configs/se7705_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/sh/configs/se7722_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/sh/configs/se7751_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/sh/configs/secureedge5410_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/sh/configs/sh03_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/sh/configs/sh7757lcr_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/sh/configs/titan_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/sh/configs/ul2_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/sh/configs/urquell_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/sh/include/asm/setup.h | 1 -
> arch/sh/kernel/head_32.S | 2 +-
> arch/sh/kernel/setup.c | 27 +-
> arch/sparc/boot/piggyback.c | 4 +-
> arch/sparc/configs/sparc32_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/sparc/configs/sparc64_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/sparc/kernel/head_32.S | 4 +-
> arch/sparc/kernel/head_64.S | 6 +-
> arch/sparc/kernel/setup_32.c | 9 +-
> arch/sparc/kernel/setup_64.c | 9 +-
> arch/sparc/mm/init_32.c | 22 +-
> arch/sparc/mm/init_64.c | 20 +-
> arch/um/kernel/Makefile | 2 +-
> arch/um/kernel/initrd.c | 6 +-
> arch/x86/Kconfig | 2 +-
> arch/x86/boot/header.S | 2 +-
> arch/x86/boot/startup/sme.c | 2 +-
> arch/x86/configs/i386_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/x86/configs/x86_64_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/bootparam.h | 7 +-
> arch/x86/kernel/cpu/microcode/amd.c | 2 +-
> arch/x86/kernel/cpu/microcode/core.c | 12 +-
> arch/x86/kernel/cpu/microcode/intel.c | 2 +-
> arch/x86/kernel/cpu/microcode/internal.h | 2 +-
> arch/x86/kernel/devicetree.c | 2 +-
> arch/x86/kernel/setup.c | 39 +-
> arch/x86/mm/init.c | 8 +-
> arch/x86/mm/init_32.c | 2 +-
> arch/x86/mm/init_64.c | 2 +-
> arch/x86/tools/relocs.c | 2 +-
> arch/xtensa/Kconfig | 2 +-
> arch/xtensa/boot/dts/csp.dts | 2 +-
> arch/xtensa/configs/audio_kc705_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/xtensa/configs/cadence_csp_defconfig | 12 +-
> arch/xtensa/configs/generic_kc705_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/xtensa/configs/nommu_kc705_defconfig | 12 +-
> arch/xtensa/configs/smp_lx200_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/xtensa/configs/virt_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/xtensa/configs/xip_kc705_defconfig | 2 +-
> arch/xtensa/kernel/setup.c | 26 +-
> drivers/acpi/Kconfig | 2 +-
> drivers/acpi/tables.c | 10 +-
> drivers/base/firmware_loader/main.c | 2 +-
> drivers/block/Kconfig | 8 +-
> drivers/block/brd.c | 20 +-
> drivers/firmware/efi/efi.c | 10 +-
> .../firmware/efi/libstub/efi-stub-helper.c | 5 +-
> drivers/gpu/drm/ci/arm.config | 2 +-
> drivers/gpu/drm/ci/arm64.config | 2 +-
> drivers/gpu/drm/ci/x86_64.config | 2 +-
> drivers/of/fdt.c | 18 +-
> fs/ext2/ext2.h | 9 -
> fs/init.c | 14 -
> include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h | 8 +-
> include/linux/ext2_fs.h | 13 -
> include/linux/init_syscalls.h | 1 -
> include/linux/initramfs.h | 26 ++
> include/linux/initrd.h | 37 --
> include/linux/root_dev.h | 1 -
> include/linux/syscalls.h | 1 -
> include/uapi/linux/sysctl.h | 1 -
> init/.kunitconfig | 2 +-
> init/Kconfig | 28 +-
> init/Makefile | 6 +-
> init/do_mounts.c | 28 +-
> init/do_mounts.h | 42 --
> init/do_mounts_initrd.c | 154 -------
> init/do_mounts_rd.c | 334 ---------------
> init/initramfs.c | 152 ++++---
> init/main.c | 66 +--
> kernel/sys.c | 7 +-
> kernel/sysctl.c | 2 +-
> kernel/umh.c | 2 +-
> scripts/package/builddeb | 2 +-
> .../ktest/examples/bootconfigs/tracing.bconf | 3 -
> tools/testing/selftests/bpf/config.aarch64 | 2 +-
> tools/testing/selftests/bpf/config.ppc64el | 2 +-
> tools/testing/selftests/bpf/config.riscv64 | 2 +-
> tools/testing/selftests/bpf/config.s390x | 2 +-
> tools/testing/selftests/kho/vmtest.sh | 2 +-
> .../testing/selftests/nolibc/Makefile.nolibc | 4 +-
> tools/testing/selftests/vsock/config | 2 +-
> .../selftests/wireguard/qemu/kernel.config | 2 +-
> usr/Kconfig | 70 ++--
> usr/Makefile | 2 +-
> usr/initramfs_data.S | 4 +-
> 385 files changed, 969 insertions(+), 2346 deletions(-)
> delete mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/initrd.rst
> delete mode 100644 Documentation/power/swsusp-dmcrypt.rst
> create mode 100644 include/linux/initramfs.h
> delete mode 100644 include/linux/initrd.h
> delete mode 100644 init/do_mounts_initrd.c
> delete mode 100644 init/do_mounts_rd.c
>
>
> base-commit: 76eeb9b8de9880ca38696b2fb56ac45ac0a25c6c
> --
> 2.47.2
>
>