Re: [PATCH v4 6/8] RISC-V: Use Zicboz in clear_page when available

Andrew Jones
2023-02-17T12:44:54Z

On Fri, Feb 17, 2023 at 10:18:26AM +0000, Ben Dooks wrote:
> On 09/02/2023 15:26, Andrew Jones wrote:
> > Using memset() to zero a 4K page takes 563 total instructions, where
> > 20 are branches. clear_page(), with Zicboz and a 64 byte block size,
> > takes 169 total instructions, where 4 are branches and 33 are nops.
> > Even though the block size is a variable, thanks to alternatives, we
> > can still implement a Duff device without having to do any preliminary
> > calculations. This is achieved by taking advantage of 'vendor_id'
> > being used as application-specific data for alternatives, enabling us
> > to stop patching / unrolling when 4K bytes have been zeroed (we would
> > loop and continue after 4K if the page size would be larger)
> >
> > For 4K pages, unrolling 16 times allows block sizes of 64 and 128 to
> > only loop a few times and larger block sizes to not loop at all. Since
> > cbo.zero doesn't take an offset, we also need an 'add' after each
> > instruction, making the loop body 112 to 160 bytes. Hopefully this
> > is small enough to not cause icache misses.
> >
> > Signed-off-by: Andrew Jones <ajones@ventanamicro.com>
> > Acked-by: Conor Dooley <conor.dooley@microchip.com>
> > ---
> > arch/riscv/Kconfig | 13 ++++++
> > arch/riscv/include/asm/insn-def.h | 4 ++
> > arch/riscv/include/asm/page.h | 6 ++-
> > arch/riscv/kernel/cpufeature.c | 11 +++++
> > arch/riscv/lib/Makefile | 1 +
> > arch/riscv/lib/clear_page.S | 71 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> > 6 files changed, 105 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
> > create mode 100644 arch/riscv/lib/clear_page.S
> >
> > diff --git a/arch/riscv/Kconfig b/arch/riscv/Kconfig
> > index 029d1d3b40bd..9590a1661caf 100644
> > --- a/arch/riscv/Kconfig
> > +++ b/arch/riscv/Kconfig
> > @@ -456,6 +456,19 @@ config RISCV_ISA_ZICBOM
> > If you don't know what to do here, say Y.
> > +config RISCV_ISA_ZICBOZ
> > + bool "Zicboz extension support for faster zeroing of memory"
> > + depends on !XIP_KERNEL && MMU
> > + select RISCV_ALTERNATIVE
> > + default y
> > + help
> > + Enable the use of the ZICBOZ extension (cbo.zero instruction)
> > + when available.
> > +
> > + The Zicboz extension is used for faster zeroing of memory.
> > +
> > + If you don't know what to do here, say Y.
> > +
> > config TOOLCHAIN_HAS_ZIHINTPAUSE
> > bool
> > default y
> > diff --git a/arch/riscv/include/asm/insn-def.h b/arch/riscv/include/asm/insn-def.h
> > index e01ab51f50d2..6960beb75f32 100644
> > --- a/arch/riscv/include/asm/insn-def.h
> > +++ b/arch/riscv/include/asm/insn-def.h
> > @@ -192,4 +192,8 @@
> > INSN_I(OPCODE_MISC_MEM, FUNC3(2), __RD(0), \
> > RS1(base), SIMM12(2))
> > +#define CBO_zero(base) \
> > + INSN_I(OPCODE_MISC_MEM, FUNC3(2), __RD(0), \
> > + RS1(base), SIMM12(4))
> > +
> > #endif /* __ASM_INSN_DEF_H */
> > diff --git a/arch/riscv/include/asm/page.h b/arch/riscv/include/asm/page.h
> > index 9f432c1b5289..ccd168fe29d2 100644
> > --- a/arch/riscv/include/asm/page.h
> > +++ b/arch/riscv/include/asm/page.h
> > @@ -49,10 +49,14 @@
> > #ifndef __ASSEMBLY__
> > +#ifdef CONFIG_RISCV_ISA_ZICBOZ
> > +void clear_page(void *page);
> > +#else
> > #define clear_page(pgaddr) memset((pgaddr), 0, PAGE_SIZE)
> > +#endif
> > #define copy_page(to, from) memcpy((to), (from), PAGE_SIZE)
> > -#define clear_user_page(pgaddr, vaddr, page) memset((pgaddr), 0, PAGE_SIZE)
> > +#define clear_user_page(pgaddr, vaddr, page) clear_page(pgaddr)
> > #define copy_user_page(vto, vfrom, vaddr, topg) \
> > memcpy((vto), (vfrom), PAGE_SIZE)
> > diff --git a/arch/riscv/kernel/cpufeature.c b/arch/riscv/kernel/cpufeature.c
> > index 74736b4f0624..42246bbfa532 100644
> > --- a/arch/riscv/kernel/cpufeature.c
> > +++ b/arch/riscv/kernel/cpufeature.c
> > @@ -280,6 +280,17 @@ void __init riscv_fill_hwcap(void)
> > #ifdef CONFIG_RISCV_ALTERNATIVE
> > static bool riscv_cpufeature_application_check(u32 feature, u16 data)
> > {
> > + switch (feature) {
> > + case RISCV_ISA_EXT_ZICBOZ:
> > + /*
> > + * Zicboz alternative applications provide the maximum
> > + * supported block size order, or zero when it doesn't
> > + * matter. If the current block size exceeds the maximum,
> > + * then the alternative cannot be applied.
> > + */
> > + return data == 0 || riscv_cboz_block_size <= (1U << data);
> > + }
> > +
> > return data == 0;
> > }
> > diff --git a/arch/riscv/lib/Makefile b/arch/riscv/lib/Makefile
> > index 6c74b0bedd60..26cb2502ecf8 100644
> > --- a/arch/riscv/lib/Makefile
> > +++ b/arch/riscv/lib/Makefile
> > @@ -8,5 +8,6 @@ lib-y += strlen.o
> > lib-y += strncmp.o
> > lib-$(CONFIG_MMU) += uaccess.o
> > lib-$(CONFIG_64BIT) += tishift.o
> > +lib-$(CONFIG_RISCV_ISA_ZICBOZ) += clear_page.o
> > obj-$(CONFIG_FUNCTION_ERROR_INJECTION) += error-inject.o
> > diff --git a/arch/riscv/lib/clear_page.S b/arch/riscv/lib/clear_page.S
> > new file mode 100644
> > index 000000000000..5b851e727f7c
> > --- /dev/null
> > +++ b/arch/riscv/lib/clear_page.S
> > @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
> > +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
> > +/*
> > + * Copyright (c) 2023 Ventana Micro Systems Inc.
> > + */
> > +
> > +#include <linux/linkage.h>
> > +#include <asm/asm.h>
> > +#include <asm/alternative-macros.h>
> > +#include <asm/hwcap.h>
> > +#include <asm/insn-def.h>
> > +#include <asm/page.h>
> > +
> > +#define CBOZ_ALT(order, old, new) \
> > + ALTERNATIVE(old, new, order, RISCV_ISA_EXT_ZICBOZ, CONFIG_RISCV_ISA_ZICBOZ)
>
> I thought this was meant to be a CPUFEATURE_ZICBOZ thing for the
> alternatives?
>
> I may also be missing something, but when backporting this to 5.19
> to test it on our system the "order" argument is in fact the vendor-id
> so this doesn't work as the alternatives don't get patched in at-all.

If I understood your follow-up message correctly, then you've already
determined that the 5.19 base needs more patches for this to be applied,
and it's now resolved.

>
> > +
> > +/* void clear_page(void *page) */
> > +ENTRY(__clear_page)
> > +WEAK(clear_page)
> > + li a2, PAGE_SIZE
> > +
> > + /*
> > + * If Zicboz isn't present, or somehow has a block
> > + * size larger than 4K, then fallback to memset.
> > + */
> > + CBOZ_ALT(12, "j .Lno_zicboz", "nop")
>
> I can't see how the CBOZ_ALT is checking for the CBOZ block
> size being bigger than 4k... I guess we should have also
> tested the block size is an exact multiple of page size?

I think you've resolved this as well with more patches in your backport.
But just to follow-up here, both checks, >= size and power-of-two, are
done elsewhere by other patches.

>
> It would also be better if we just didn't enable it and printed
> an warn when we initialise and then never advertise the feature
> in the first place?

I'm not sure I understand this suggestion. We won't advertise the
feature when it isn't present, but if we compile a kernel that supports
it, then we need to have a fallback for when it isn't present. That's
what this does. It shouldn't warn, as it's not an error to boot a
zicboz capable kernel on a platform that doesn't have zicboz.

>
> > +
> > + lw a1, riscv_cboz_block_size
> > + add a2, a0, a2
> > +.Lzero_loop:
> > + CBO_zero(a0)
> > + add a0, a0, a1
> > + CBOZ_ALT(11, "bltu a0, a2, .Lzero_loop; ret", "nop; nop")
> > + CBO_zero(a0)
> > + add a0, a0, a1
> > + CBOZ_ALT(10, "bltu a0, a2, .Lzero_loop; ret", "nop; nop")
> > + CBO_zero(a0)
> > + add a0, a0, a1
> > + CBO_zero(a0)
> > + add a0, a0, a1
> > + CBOZ_ALT(9, "bltu a0, a2, .Lzero_loop; ret", "nop; nop")
>
> I'm also wondering why we are using CBOZ_ALT past the first
> check. I don't see why it shouldn't just be a loop with a siz
> check like:
>
> Lzero_loop:
> CBO_zero(a0)
> add a0, a0, a1
> blge a0, a2, .Lzero_done
> ....
>

Because then we wouldn't be implementing an unrolled loop :-)

>
> If you wanted to do multiple CBO_zero(a0) then maybe testing
> and branching would be easier to allow a certain amount of
> loop unrolling.

I want to eliminate as many branches as possible. Alternatives
give me the ability to do that.

>
>
> > + CBO_zero(a0)
> > + add a0, a0, a1
> > + CBO_zero(a0)
> > + add a0, a0, a1
> > + CBO_zero(a0)
> > + add a0, a0, a1
> > + CBO_zero(a0)
> > + add a0, a0, a1
> > + CBOZ_ALT(8, "bltu a0, a2, .Lzero_loop; ret", "nop; nop")
> > + CBO_zero(a0)
> > + add a0, a0, a1
> > + CBO_zero(a0)
> > + add a0, a0, a1
> > + CBO_zero(a0)
> > + add a0, a0, a1
> > + CBO_zero(a0)
> > + add a0, a0, a1
> > + CBO_zero(a0)
> > + add a0, a0, a1
> > + CBO_zero(a0)
> > + add a0, a0, a1
> > + CBO_zero(a0)
> > + add a0, a0, a1
> > + CBO_zero(a0)
> > + add a0, a0, a1
> > + bltu a0, a2, .Lzero_loop
> > + ret
> > +.Lno_zicboz:
> > + li a1, 0
> > + tail __memset
> > +END(__clear_page)
>
> Whilst this seems to work, I am not sure why and it probably wants
> more testing.

More testing is always a good idea, but I do know how it supposed to
work :-) Maybe I should add some more comments to make it more clear?

Thanks,
drew