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Howlett" , Vlastimil Babka , Mike Rapoport , Suren Baghdasaryan , Jonathan Corbet , Shuah Khan , linux-mm@kvack.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-doc@vger.kernel.org, linux-kselftest@vger.kernel.org, "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" , Aboorva Devarajan Subject: [RFC PATCH 2/2] selftests/mm: add pc-dimm ACPI eject selftest for offline_migrate_max_passes Date: Wed, 22 Jul 2026 13:18:11 +0530 Message-ID: <20260722074811.378283-3-aboorvad@linux.ibm.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.54.0 In-Reply-To: <20260722074811.378283-1-aboorvad@linux.ibm.com> References: <20260722074811.378283-1-aboorvad@linux.ibm.com> Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: linux-doc@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-TM-AS-GCONF: 00 X-Proofpoint-Reinject: loops=2 maxloops=12 X-Proofpoint-Spam-Details-Enc: AW1haW4tMjYwNzIyMDA3MCBTYWx0ZWRfX/0DAlQdyBnYO AvJzqV8dwi3LjsaK5FxiIFbt6lpeHzbKBTcye+qjwb43s9L0h9IbFkBr3RTnjSbcgr5mcER5q/r jl6g9gr99bDAqEZr5CYlQ99XBmd4zove6AiEs+jlCOVBZNfv72g0Ck6utzdpgUtMlBe590m1Nkc 5QJ/DKH13GzblZ+A8qXb/fXT6r+5xtbsL9yeM1uxOAkCbHviRs/1yrEFErufjGVmjx8MnivBFVL jk1VBllgU1RZG419FTt93ua60Kr8vLmuhZfFBgIsgu/ivGfrKfkkoOp6VSASItLVnSpYnN9h/fL w3nsvUYWO+LHubM6+EiCr/KZ10VDsNxEWT6Rmic8j+9oI1y3I9ffFgqKaKU3DvyR/k/JzEs+NJ8 lnuZpQ2THm7gC+p1bJw9pPx1C3Ws0SEm5U4mXvP350almIfNu5FAoVeu0vRs+brQIwy/oUikFg9 C1qJDRY/LS2F9dHcsIw== X-Proofpoint-GUID: rknPGrjsA6ydhCp5WqrH1HIG3arFpz7L X-Authority-Analysis: v=2.4 cv=MelcfZ/f c=1 sm=1 tr=0 ts=6a6075cb cx=c_pps a=AfN7/Ok6k8XGzOShvHwTGQ==:117 a=AfN7/Ok6k8XGzOShvHwTGQ==:17 a=RAioF0-LDSMA:10 a=VkNPw1HP01LnGYTKEx00:22 a=RnoormkPH1_aCDwRdu11:22 a=V8glGbnc2Ofi9Qvn3v5h:22 a=VnNF1IyMAAAA:8 a=ygpDcHnE5uXTT0XjHt0A:9 X-Proofpoint-Spam-Info: AW1haW4tMjYwNzIyMDA3MCBTYWx0ZWRfXy4n56Ytf/Mw0 Z+/IEJPjDdoZIldzin7WiMNvwOLenTmXJZ0ww6lfaAiH2CbPlULzNXnrqRKqCIqyE8PWmNHjvf/ IZ2/0eDvE/8VtIWLotJe1affXvdnYsE= X-Proofpoint-ORIG-GUID: m7iHy-OKdyRKAQ3plhBSBylSpYIYuNwj X-Proofpoint-Virus-Version: vendor=baseguard engine=ICAP:2.0.293,Aquarius:18.0.1143,Hydra:6.1.134,FMLib:17.12.100.49 definitions=2026-07-22_02,2026-07-21_01,2025-10-01_01 X-Proofpoint-Spam-Details: rule=outbound_notspam policy=outbound score=0 impostorscore=0 lowpriorityscore=0 priorityscore=1501 bulkscore=0 spamscore=0 clxscore=1015 malwarescore=0 phishscore=0 adultscore=0 suspectscore=0 classifier=typeunknown authscore=0 authtc= authcc= route=outbound adjust=0 reason=mlx scancount=1 engine=8.22.0-2606150000 definitions=main-2607220070 Add a self-contained VM-based selftest that reproduces the ACPI memory hot-unplug hang in kworker context and verifies that memory_hotplug.offline_migrate_max_passes recovers from it. The test needs a real ACPI eject because the offline that hangs runs on the kacpi_hotplug_wq kworker (acpi_bus_offline -> device_offline -> offline_pages) and cannot be aborted by a signal. It boots the just-built kernel under virtme-ng with a cold-plugged pc-dimm and runs everything inside the guest: 1. online the DIMM memory blocks as ZONE_MOVABLE; 2. long-term pin one page of the DIMM via vmsplice (a small pin helper is embedded in the script and built at run time); 3. eject the DIMM via /sys/bus/acpi/devices/PNP0C80:*/eject, which runs the offline on the kacpi_hotplug_wq kworker, the same path as a hypervisor-initiated device_del; 4. observe the real hang: with the limit disabled (default), the block sits in "going-offline" while the kworker spins in offline_pages(); 5. rescue it at runtime: write offline_migrate_max_passes and verify the kworker gives up with -EBUSY and the block returns to "online". Sample output: TAP version 13 1..3 # DIMM memory blocks: 32 33 # pinned one page in block memory33 # ejecting /sys/bus/acpi/devices/PNP0C80:00 # block memory33 going-offline, holding 10s # do_migrate_range+0x1eb/0x260 # offline_pages+0x361/0x520 # memory_subsys_offline+0xdb/0x180 # device_offline+0xd0/0x130 # acpi_bus_offline+0x11f/0x190 # acpi_device_hotplug+0x1e8/0x3e0 # acpi_hotplug_work_fn+0x1e/0x30 # process_one_work+0x16a/0x310 # armed offline_migrate_max_passes=50 # memory offlining [mem 0x108000000-0x10fffffff]: giving up after 50 passes ok 1 ACPI eject kworker hangs unbounded in offline_pages() ok 2 stuck offline rescued by writing offline_migrate_max_passes ok 3 memory block online and usable after the bailout # Totals: pass:3 fail:0 xfail:0 xpass:0 skip:0 error:0 The wrapper is added as TEST_PROGS_EXTENDED (like hwpoison-panic.sh): installed and kept executable, but not run from a default kselftest invocation, because it spawns a VM itself. The config fragment gains the options the guest kernel needs (MEMORY_HOTPLUG, MEMORY_HOTREMOVE, ACPI_HOTPLUG_MEMORY). When vng, qemu, cc or the kernel knob are missing it skips cleanly (KSFT_SKIP), so it is safe to run anywhere. The vmsplice-based pin in this test is a targeted technique to reliably reproduce the hang path for testing purposes; production scenarios typically involve slab pages or busy block-device page-cache racing into the offline range. Signed-off-by: Aboorva Devarajan --- tools/testing/selftests/mm/Makefile | 3 + tools/testing/selftests/mm/config | 3 + .../selftests/mm/vmtest_memory_hotplug.sh | 369 ++++++++++++++++++ 3 files changed, 375 insertions(+) create mode 100755 tools/testing/selftests/mm/vmtest_memory_hotplug.sh diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/Makefile index eae504bd94c8..e113f3ff4655 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/Makefile +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/Makefile @@ -177,6 +177,9 @@ TEST_PROGS += ksft_vmalloc.sh # Destructive: every successful run panics the kernel. Installed and # kept executable, but not run from a default kselftest invocation. TEST_PROGS_EXTENDED += hwpoison-panic.sh +# Spawns its own VM (virtme-ng); not run from a default kselftest +# invocation. +TEST_PROGS_EXTENDED += vmtest_memory_hotplug.sh TEST_FILES := test_vmalloc.sh TEST_FILES += test_hmm.sh diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/config b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/config index 06f78bd232e2..d22f63eb9c2c 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/config +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/config @@ -14,3 +14,6 @@ CONFIG_UPROBES=y CONFIG_MEMORY_FAILURE=y CONFIG_HWPOISON_INJECT=m CONFIG_PROC_MEM_ALWAYS_FORCE=y +CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG=y +CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE=y +CONFIG_ACPI_HOTPLUG_MEMORY=y diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vmtest_memory_hotplug.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vmtest_memory_hotplug.sh new file mode 100755 index 000000000000..c211a0e7caa2 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vmtest_memory_hotplug.sh @@ -0,0 +1,369 @@ +#!/bin/bash +# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 +# +# Test memory_hotplug.offline_migrate_max_passes by reproducing the ACPI +# memory hot-unplug hang in kworker context and verifying that the retry +# limit recovers from it. +# +# offline_pages() retries page migration in an unbounded loop. A page +# that can never be migrated (long-term pin, slab, busy metadata) makes +# the loop spin forever. Userspace-driven offlines can be interrupted by +# a signal, but an ACPI DIMM eject runs on the kacpi_hotplug_wq kworker +# where signal_pending() never fires, so the kworker hangs until reboot. +# +# Flow: +# 1. Boot the just-built kernel (virtme-ng) with a cold-plugged pc-dimm. +# 2. Online the DIMM's blocks as ZONE_MOVABLE. +# 3. Pin one page of the DIMM (vmsplice long-term pin). +# 4. Eject the DIMM via sysfs; offline runs on kacpi_hotplug_wq. +# 5. Observe the hang (going-offline persists). +# 6. Rescue: write offline_migrate_max_passes at runtime, verify bailout. +# +# TAP subtests: +# 1 ACPI eject kworker hangs unbounded in offline_pages() +# 2 stuck offline rescued by writing offline_migrate_max_passes +# 3 memory block online and usable after the bailout +# +# Dependencies: virtme-ng (vng), qemu-system-, cc. +# SKIPs (never FAILs) when tooling or kernel support is missing. + +readonly SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd -P -- "$(dirname -- "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd -P)" +readonly KERNEL_CHECKOUT="$(realpath "${SCRIPT_DIR}"/../../../../)" + +# shellcheck source=../kselftest/ktap_helpers.sh +source "${SCRIPT_DIR}"/../kselftest/ktap_helpers.sh + +readonly DIMM_SIZE="${DIMM_SIZE:-256M}" +readonly MAX_PASSES="${MAX_PASSES:-50}" +readonly HANG_HOLD="${HANG_HOLD:-10}" +readonly RESCUE_TIMEOUT="${RESCUE_TIMEOUT:-30}" +readonly BOOT_TIMEOUT="${BOOT_TIMEOUT:-240}" + +readonly LOG="$(mktemp /tmp/vmtest_mhp_XXXXXX.log)" +readonly GUEST_SCRIPT="$(mktemp /tmp/vmtest_mhp_guest_XXXXXX.sh)" +readonly PIN_SRC="$(mktemp /tmp/vmtest_mhp_pin_XXXXXX.c)" +# Must live in the kernel tree so the guest sees it through the 9p rootfs. +readonly PIN_BIN="${SCRIPT_DIR}/.vmtest_pin_park.$$" + +VNG_PID="" + +cleanup() { + [ -n "${VNG_PID}" ] && kill "${VNG_PID}" 2>/dev/null + rm -f "${LOG}" "${GUEST_SCRIPT}" "${PIN_SRC}" "${PIN_BIN}" +} + +guest_result() { + grep -o "^${1}=[A-Za-z0-9_-]*" "${LOG}" | tail -1 | cut -d= -f2 +} + +dump_log_tail() { + tail -25 "${LOG}" | while IFS= read -r line; do + ktap_print_msg "${line}" + done +} + +skip_all_tests() { + local i + + for i in 1 2 3; do + ktap_test_skip "$1" + done + ktap_finished +} + +# -- pre-flight checks ------------------------------------------------------- + +ktap_print_header +ktap_set_plan 3 +trap cleanup EXIT + +arch="$(uname -m)" +case "${arch}" in +x86_64|aarch64) ;; +*) skip_all_tests "pc-dimm ACPI hotplug not available on ${arch}" ;; +esac + +for dep in vng "qemu-system-${arch}" cc; do + if ! command -v "${dep}" >/dev/null 2>&1; then + skip_all_tests "${dep} not installed" + fi +done + +# -- pin helper (compiled on the host, visible to the guest via 9p) ----------- +# +# Allocate one block's worth of pages (ZONE_MOVABLE serves them from the +# DIMM), find one that landed in a target block, vmsplice-pin it into a +# pipe, print PIN_BLK=, and sleep forever. + +cat > "${PIN_SRC}" <<'PINEOF' +#define _GNU_SOURCE +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include + +static unsigned long memory_block_size(void) +{ + char buf[64]; + ssize_t n; + int fd; + + fd = open("/sys/devices/system/memory/block_size_bytes", O_RDONLY); + if (fd < 0) + return 0; + n = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf) - 1); + close(fd); + if (n <= 0) + return 0; + buf[n] = '\0'; + return strtoul(buf, NULL, 16); +} + +static unsigned long vaddr_to_block(int pagemap_fd, char *vaddr, + long page_size, unsigned long blk_size) +{ + unsigned long vpn = (unsigned long)vaddr / page_size; + uint64_t ent; + + if (pread(pagemap_fd, &ent, sizeof(ent), vpn * 8) != sizeof(ent)) + return -1UL; + if (!(ent & (1ULL << 63))) + return -1UL; + return (ent & ((1ULL << 55) - 1)) * page_size / blk_size; +} + +int main(int argc, char **argv) +{ + long page_size = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE); + unsigned long blk_size = memory_block_size(); + unsigned long off, blk = 0; + char *area, *page = NULL; + int pagemap_fd, pipefd[2], i; + + if (argc < 2 || !blk_size) { + fprintf(stderr, "usage: pin_park ...\n"); + return 1; + } + + area = mmap(NULL, blk_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, + MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_POPULATE, -1, 0); + if (area == MAP_FAILED) { + perror("mmap"); + return 1; + } + memset(area, 0x42, blk_size); + + pagemap_fd = open("/proc/self/pagemap", O_RDONLY); + if (pagemap_fd < 0) { + perror("pagemap"); + return 1; + } + + for (off = 0; off < blk_size && !page; off += page_size) { + blk = vaddr_to_block(pagemap_fd, area + off, page_size, + blk_size); + for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) { + if (blk == strtoul(argv[i], NULL, 10)) { + page = area + off; + break; + } + } + } + close(pagemap_fd); + + if (!page) { + printf("PIN_NONE\n"); + fflush(stdout); + return 2; + } + + if (pipe(pipefd)) { + perror("pipe"); + return 1; + } + + struct iovec iov = { .iov_base = page, .iov_len = page_size }; + + if (vmsplice(pipefd[1], &iov, 1, 0) != page_size) { + perror("vmsplice"); + return 1; + } + + printf("PIN_BLK=%lu\n", blk); + fflush(stdout); + pause(); + return 0; +} +PINEOF + +if ! cc -O2 -o "${PIN_BIN}" "${PIN_SRC}" 2>>"${LOG}"; then + skip_all_tests "cannot build the pin helper" +fi + +# -- guest script (runs as init inside the VM) -------------------------------- + +cat > "${GUEST_SCRIPT}" <> "${GUEST_SCRIPT}" <<'GUESTEOF' +set -u + +readonly PARAM=/sys/module/memory_hotplug/parameters/offline_migrate_max_passes +readonly MEM=/sys/devices/system/memory + +skip() { echo "VMTEST_SKIP: $*"; echo "VMTEST_DONE"; exit 0; } + +block_state() { + cat "${MEM}/memory${pinned_blk}/state" 2>/dev/null || echo GONE +} + +[ -f "${PARAM}" ] || skip "kernel lacks offline_migrate_max_passes" + +# 1. Online the DIMM's blocks as ZONE_MOVABLE. +dimm_blocks="" +for s in "${MEM}"/memory*/state; do + [ "$(cat "${s}" 2>/dev/null)" = offline ] || continue + if echo online_movable > "${s}" 2>/dev/null; then + b=${s%/state} + dimm_blocks="${dimm_blocks} ${b##*memory}" + fi +done +echo "# DIMM memory blocks:${dimm_blocks:- none}" +[ -n "${dimm_blocks}" ] || skip "no offline memory blocks (pc-dimm missing?)" + +# 2. Pin one page inside the DIMM. +"${PIN_PARK}" ${dimm_blocks} > /tmp/pin.out 2>&1 & +pin_pid=$! +for _ in $(seq 1 10); do + grep -q "PIN_" /tmp/pin.out 2>/dev/null && break + sleep 1 +done +pinned_blk=$(sed -n 's/^PIN_BLK=//p' /tmp/pin.out) +[ -n "${pinned_blk}" ] || skip "pin failed: $(cat /tmp/pin.out 2>/dev/null)" +echo "# pinned one page in block memory${pinned_blk}" + +# 3. Eject the DIMM with the retry limit disabled (default = unbounded). +echo 0 > "${PARAM}" +dmesg -c > /dev/null 2>&1 || true + +ejdev="" +for dev in /sys/bus/acpi/devices/PNP0C80:*; do + [ -e "${dev}/eject" ] && { ejdev="${dev}"; break; } +done +[ -n "${ejdev}" ] || skip "no ejectable ACPI memory device (PNP0C80)" +echo "# ejecting ${ejdev}" +echo 1 > "${ejdev}/eject" & + +# 4. Observe the hang: the block must stay in "going-offline". +sleep 3 +stuck=0 +if [ "$(block_state)" = going-offline ]; then + echo "# block memory${pinned_blk} going-offline, holding ${HANG_HOLD}s" + sleep "${HANG_HOLD}" + if [ "$(block_state)" = going-offline ]; then + stuck=1 + echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq 2>/dev/null || true + echo l > /proc/sysrq-trigger 2>/dev/null || true + sleep 1 + dmesg | grep -B2 -A12 "offline_pages" | tail -20 \ + | sed 's/^/# /' + fi +fi +echo "VMTEST_STUCK=${stuck}" + +# 5. Rescue: arm the retry limit at runtime and wait for bailout. +echo "${MAX_PASSES}" > "${PARAM}" +echo "# armed offline_migrate_max_passes=$(cat "${PARAM}")" + +rescued=0 +for _ in $(seq 1 "${RESCUE_TIMEOUT}"); do + if dmesg | grep -q "giving up after"; then + rescued=1 + break + fi + sleep 1 +done +dmesg | grep "giving up after" | tail -2 | sed 's/^/# /' +echo "VMTEST_RESCUED=${rescued}" + +sleep 2 +echo "VMTEST_BLOCK_STATE=$(block_state)" + +kill "${pin_pid}" 2>/dev/null +echo "VMTEST_DONE" +GUESTEOF + +# -- launch VM ---------------------------------------------------------------- + +( cd "${KERNEL_CHECKOUT}" && exec vng --force-9p --no-virtme-ng-init \ + --qemu-opt=-m --qemu-opt="2G,slots=4,maxmem=8G" \ + --qemu-opt=-object \ + --qemu-opt="memory-backend-ram,id=mem0,size=${DIMM_SIZE}" \ + --qemu-opt=-device --qemu-opt="pc-dimm,id=dimm0,memdev=mem0" \ + bash "${GUEST_SCRIPT}" ) > "${LOG}" 2>&1 & +VNG_PID=$! + +for _ in $(seq 1 "${BOOT_TIMEOUT}"); do + grep -q "VMTEST_DONE" "${LOG}" 2>/dev/null && break + kill -0 "${VNG_PID}" 2>/dev/null || break + sleep 1 +done + +if ! grep -q "VMTEST_DONE" "${LOG}" 2>/dev/null; then + dump_log_tail + skip_all_tests "VM did not finish within ${BOOT_TIMEOUT}s" +fi + +kill "${VNG_PID}" 2>/dev/null +wait "${VNG_PID}" 2>/dev/null +VNG_PID="" + +# -- report results ----------------------------------------------------------- + +skip_reason="$(grep "^VMTEST_SKIP: " "${LOG}" | tail -1 | tr -d '\r')" +if [ -n "${skip_reason}" ]; then + skip_all_tests "${skip_reason#VMTEST_SKIP: }" +fi + +grep "^#" "${LOG}" | tr -d '\r' | while IFS= read -r line; do + ktap_print_msg "${line#\# }" +done + +stuck="$(guest_result VMTEST_STUCK)" +rescued="$(guest_result VMTEST_RESCUED)" +blk_state="$(guest_result VMTEST_BLOCK_STATE)" + +if [ "${blk_state:-GONE}" = "GONE" ]; then + skip_all_tests "DIMM was ejected despite the pin (pin did not hold)" +fi + +if [ "${stuck:-0}" = 1 ]; then + ktap_test_pass "ACPI eject kworker hangs unbounded in offline_pages()" +else + dump_log_tail + ktap_test_fail "ACPI eject kworker hangs unbounded in offline_pages()" +fi + +if [ "${rescued:-0}" = 1 ]; then + ktap_test_pass "stuck offline rescued by writing offline_migrate_max_passes" +else + dump_log_tail + ktap_test_fail "stuck offline rescued by writing offline_migrate_max_passes" +fi + +if [ "${blk_state}" = "online" ]; then + ktap_test_pass "memory block online and usable after the bailout" +else + ktap_test_fail "memory block online and usable after the bailout (state=${blk_state})" +fi + +ktap_finished -- 2.54.0