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From: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
To: akpm@linux-foundation.org
Cc: chrisl@kernel.org, kasong@tencent.com, hannes@cmpxchg.org,
	mhocko@kernel.org, roman.gushchin@linux.dev,
	shakeel.butt@linux.dev, yosry@kernel.org, david@kernel.org,
	muchun.song@linux.dev, shikemeng@huaweicloud.com,
	baoquan.he@linux.dev, baohua@kernel.org, youngjun.park@lge.com,
	chengming.zhou@linux.dev, ljs@kernel.org, liam@infradead.org,
	vbabka@kernel.org, rppt@kernel.org, surenb@google.com,
	qi.zheng@linux.dev, axelrasmussen@google.com, yuanchu@google.com,
	weixugc@google.com, riel@surriel.com, gourry@gourry.net,
	haowenchao22@gmail.com, corbet@lwn.net, hughd@google.com,
	baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com, tj@kernel.org, mkoutny@suse.com,
	skhan@linuxfoundation.org, kunwu.chan@linux.dev,
	kernel-team@meta.com, nphamcs@gmail.com, linux-mm@kvack.org,
	linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-doc@vger.kernel.org,
	cgroups@vger.kernel.org
Subject: [PATCH v4 03/11] mm, swap: prepare the swap IO path for vswap
Date: Tue, 25 Aug 2026 08:32:29 -0700	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <20260825153238.2695446-4-nphamcs@gmail.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20260825153238.2695446-1-nphamcs@gmail.com>

In preparation for adding a physical swap backend for vswap, make the
swap IO path able to submit IO for a swap entry other than folio->swap.

The swap IO path derives the target device and sector from folio->swap.
For a vswap folio backed by a physical slot that entry is virtual, so it
identifies neither the backing device nor the sector to submit IO
against.

Compute the sector from an explicit entry (swap_folio_sector becomes
swap_entry_sector), thread that entry through swap_add_folio,
__swap_writepage and ops->can_merge, and stash it in swap_iocb so the
submit and completion paths address the IO from it rather than from
folio->swap.

This lets the batching path serve both vswap entries (backed by a
physical slot) and physical entries mapped directly into PTEs.

All callers pass folio->swap for now, so there is no functional change.

Signed-off-by: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
---
 include/linux/swap.h     |  2 +-
 include/linux/swap_ops.h |  9 ++++---
 mm/page_io.c             | 54 +++++++++++++++++++---------------------
 mm/swap.h                |  3 ++-
 mm/swapfile.c            |  6 ++---
 mm/zswap.c               |  2 +-
 6 files changed, 38 insertions(+), 38 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/swap.h b/include/linux/swap.h
index 5339323486d5..f57f4aeeb822 100644
--- a/include/linux/swap.h
+++ b/include/linux/swap.h
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ extern int __swap_count(swp_entry_t entry);
 extern bool swap_entry_swapped(struct swap_info_struct *si, swp_entry_t entry);
 extern int swp_swapcount(swp_entry_t entry);
 extern struct swap_info_struct *get_swap_device(swp_entry_t entry);
-sector_t swap_folio_sector(struct folio *folio);
+sector_t swap_entry_sector(swp_entry_t entry);
 
 /*
  * If there is an existing swap slot reference (swap entry) and the caller
diff --git a/include/linux/swap_ops.h b/include/linux/swap_ops.h
index 57ac6c703f68..223c84548bde 100644
--- a/include/linux/swap_ops.h
+++ b/include/linux/swap_ops.h
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ struct swap_iocb {
 	struct bio_vec		bvecs[SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX];
 	int			nr_bvecs;
 	int			len;
+	swp_entry_t		entry;	/* first slot in the batch; addresses the IO */
 };
 
 struct swap_io_ctx {
@@ -30,15 +31,15 @@ struct swap_io_ctx {
 struct swap_ops {
 	unsigned int		flags;
 
-	bool (*can_merge)(struct folio *folio, struct folio *prev_folio,
-			size_t prev_folio_size, int rw);
+	bool (*can_merge)(struct folio *folio, swp_entry_t phys,
+			struct swap_iocb *sio, int rw);
 	void (*submit_write)(struct swap_io_ctx *ctx);
 	void (*submit_read)(struct swap_io_ctx *ctx);
 };
 
 void swap_fs_prepare_rw(struct swap_io_ctx *ctx, int rw, struct iov_iter *iter);
-bool swap_fs_can_merge(struct folio *folio, struct folio *prev_folio,
-		size_t prev_folio_size, int rw);
+bool swap_fs_can_merge(struct folio *folio, swp_entry_t phys,
+		struct swap_iocb *sio, int rw);
 int swap_fs_activate(struct swap_info_struct *sis, const struct swap_ops *ops);
 
 #endif /* _MM_SWAP_OPS_H */
diff --git a/mm/page_io.c b/mm/page_io.c
index 3bc69c2dbe4d..a3aaa61d6c79 100644
--- a/mm/page_io.c
+++ b/mm/page_io.c
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ int swap_writeout(struct swap_io_ctx *ctx, struct folio *folio)
 		return AOP_WRITEPAGE_ACTIVATE;
 	}
 
-	__swap_writepage(ctx, folio);
+	__swap_writepage(ctx, folio, folio->swap);
 	return 0;
 out_unlock:
 	folio_unlock(folio);
@@ -334,24 +334,22 @@ int sio_pool_init(void)
 }
 
 static bool swap_can_merge(struct swap_io_ctx *ctx, struct folio *folio,
-		int rw)
+		swp_entry_t phys, int rw)
 {
-	struct swap_info_struct *sis = __swap_entry_to_info(folio->swap);
-	struct bio_vec *last_bv = &ctx->sio->bvecs[ctx->sio->nr_bvecs - 1];
-	struct folio *prev_folio = bvec_folio(last_bv);
-	size_t prev_folio_size = folio_size(prev_folio);
+	struct swap_info_struct *sis = __swap_entry_to_info(phys);
 
 	if (ctx->sis != sis)
 		return false;
-	return sis->ops->can_merge(folio, prev_folio, prev_folio_size, rw);
+	return sis->ops->can_merge(folio, phys, ctx->sio, rw);
 }
 
-static void swap_add_folio(struct swap_io_ctx *ctx, struct folio *folio, int rw)
+static void swap_add_folio(struct swap_io_ctx *ctx, struct folio *folio,
+		swp_entry_t phys, int rw)
 {
-	struct swap_info_struct *sis = __swap_entry_to_info(folio->swap);
+	struct swap_info_struct *sis = __swap_entry_to_info(phys);
 	struct swap_iocb *sio = ctx->sio;
 
-	if (sio && !swap_can_merge(ctx, folio, rw)) {
+	if (sio && !swap_can_merge(ctx, folio, phys, rw)) {
 		if (rw == WRITE)
 			swap_write_submit(ctx);
 		else
@@ -364,6 +362,7 @@ static void swap_add_folio(struct swap_io_ctx *ctx, struct folio *folio, int rw)
 		ctx->sio = sio = mempool_alloc(sio_pool, GFP_NOIO);
 		sio->nr_bvecs = 0;
 		sio->len = 0;
+		sio->entry = phys;
 	}
 	bvec_set_folio(&sio->bvecs[sio->nr_bvecs], folio, folio_size(folio), 0);
 	sio->len += folio_size(folio);
@@ -384,7 +383,8 @@ static void swap_add_folio(struct swap_io_ctx *ctx, struct folio *folio, int rw)
 	}
 }
 
-void __swap_writepage(struct swap_io_ctx *ctx, struct folio *folio)
+void __swap_writepage(struct swap_io_ctx *ctx, struct folio *folio,
+		swp_entry_t phys)
 {
 	VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(!folio_test_swapcache(folio), folio);
 
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ void __swap_writepage(struct swap_io_ctx *ctx, struct folio *folio)
 
 	folio_start_writeback(folio);
 	folio_unlock(folio);
-	swap_add_folio(ctx, folio, WRITE);
+	swap_add_folio(ctx, folio, phys, WRITE);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ void swap_read_folio(struct swap_io_ctx *ctx, struct folio *folio)
 
 	/* We have to read from slower devices. Increase zswap protection. */
 	zswap_folio_swapin(folio);
-	swap_add_folio(ctx, folio, READ);
+	swap_add_folio(ctx, folio, folio->swap, READ);
 
 finish:
 	if (workingset) {
@@ -536,8 +536,6 @@ static void swap_fs_write_complete(struct kiocb *iocb, long ret)
 	bool failed = ret != sio->len;
 
 	if (failed) {
-		struct page *page = sio->bvecs[0].bv_page;
-
 		/*
 		 * In the case of swap-over-nfs, this can be a temporary failure
 		 * if the system has limited memory for allocating transmit
@@ -545,7 +543,7 @@ static void swap_fs_write_complete(struct kiocb *iocb, long ret)
 		 * folio_rotate_reclaimable but rate-limit the messages.
 		 */
 		pr_err_ratelimited("Write error %ld on dio swapfile (%llu)\n",
-				   ret, swap_dev_pos(page_swap_entry(page)));
+				   ret, swap_dev_pos(sio->entry));
 	}
 
 	swap_write_end(sio, failed);
@@ -617,7 +615,7 @@ static void swap_bdev_submit_write(struct swap_io_ctx *ctx)
 	bio_init(bio, ctx->sis->bdev, sio->bvecs, ARRAY_SIZE(sio->bvecs),
 			REQ_OP_WRITE | REQ_SWAP);
 	bio->bi_iter.bi_size = sio->len;
-	bio->bi_iter.bi_sector = swap_folio_sector(bio_first_folio_all(bio));
+	bio->bi_iter.bi_sector = swap_entry_sector(sio->entry);
 	bio_associate_blkg_from_page(bio, bio_first_folio_all(bio));
 
 	if (ctx->sis->flags & SWP_SYNCHRONOUS_IO) {
@@ -637,7 +635,7 @@ static void swap_bdev_submit_read(struct swap_io_ctx *ctx)
 	bio_init(bio, ctx->sis->bdev, sio->bvecs, ARRAY_SIZE(sio->bvecs),
 			REQ_OP_READ);
 	bio->bi_iter.bi_size = sio->len;
-	bio->bi_iter.bi_sector = swap_folio_sector(bio_first_folio_all(bio));
+	bio->bi_iter.bi_sector = swap_entry_sector(sio->entry);
 
 	if (ctx->sis->flags & SWP_SYNCHRONOUS_IO) {
 		/*
@@ -655,13 +653,14 @@ static void swap_bdev_submit_read(struct swap_io_ctx *ctx)
 	}
 }
 
-static bool swap_bdev_can_merge(struct folio *folio, struct folio *prev_folio,
-		size_t prev_folio_size, int rw)
+static bool swap_bdev_can_merge(struct folio *folio, swp_entry_t phys,
+		struct swap_iocb *sio, int rw)
 {
-	if (swap_folio_sector(folio) !=
-	    swap_folio_sector(prev_folio) + (prev_folio_size >> SECTOR_SHIFT))
+	if (swap_entry_sector(phys) !=
+	    swap_entry_sector(sio->entry) + (sio->len >> SECTOR_SHIFT))
 		return false;
-	if (rw == WRITE && !folio_blkg_can_merge(folio, prev_folio))
+	if (rw == WRITE && !folio_blkg_can_merge(folio,
+			bvec_folio(&sio->bvecs[sio->nr_bvecs - 1])))
 		return false;
 	return true;
 }
@@ -677,7 +676,7 @@ void swap_fs_prepare_rw(struct swap_io_ctx *ctx, int rw, struct iov_iter *iter)
 	struct swap_iocb *sio = ctx->sio;
 
 	init_sync_kiocb(&sio->iocb, ctx->sis->swap_file);
-	sio->iocb.ki_pos = swap_dev_pos(bvec_folio(&sio->bvecs[0])->swap);
+	sio->iocb.ki_pos = swap_dev_pos(sio->entry);
 	if (rw == WRITE)
 		sio->iocb.ki_complete = swap_fs_write_complete;
 	else
@@ -688,11 +687,10 @@ void swap_fs_prepare_rw(struct swap_io_ctx *ctx, int rw, struct iov_iter *iter)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(swap_fs_prepare_rw);
 
-bool swap_fs_can_merge(struct folio *folio, struct folio *prev_folio,
-		size_t prev_folio_size, int rw)
+bool swap_fs_can_merge(struct folio *folio, swp_entry_t phys,
+		struct swap_iocb *sio, int rw)
 {
-	return swap_dev_pos(folio->swap) ==
-		swap_dev_pos(prev_folio->swap) + prev_folio_size;
+	return swap_dev_pos(phys) == swap_dev_pos(sio->entry) + sio->len;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(swap_fs_can_merge);
 
diff --git a/mm/swap.h b/mm/swap.h
index 1cc9f3f5105e..f2b64920ae5b 100644
--- a/mm/swap.h
+++ b/mm/swap.h
@@ -320,7 +320,8 @@ void swap_read_folio(struct swap_io_ctx *ctx, struct folio *folio);
 void swap_read_submit(struct swap_io_ctx *ctx);
 void swap_write_submit(struct swap_io_ctx *ctx);
 int swap_writeout(struct swap_io_ctx *ctx, struct folio *folio);
-void __swap_writepage(struct swap_io_ctx *ctx, struct folio *folio);
+void __swap_writepage(struct swap_io_ctx *ctx, struct folio *folio,
+		swp_entry_t phys);
 
 /* linux/mm/swap_state.c */
 extern struct address_space swap_space __read_mostly;
diff --git a/mm/swapfile.c b/mm/swapfile.c
index e0b603a247c0..f5fd01307a67 100644
--- a/mm/swapfile.c
+++ b/mm/swapfile.c
@@ -343,14 +343,14 @@ offset_to_swap_extent(struct swap_info_struct *sis, unsigned long offset)
 	BUG();
 }
 
-sector_t swap_folio_sector(struct folio *folio)
+sector_t swap_entry_sector(swp_entry_t entry)
 {
-	struct swap_info_struct *sis = __swap_entry_to_info(folio->swap);
+	struct swap_info_struct *sis = __swap_entry_to_info(entry);
 	struct swap_extent *se;
 	sector_t sector;
 	pgoff_t offset;
 
-	offset = swp_offset(folio->swap);
+	offset = swp_offset(entry);
 	se = offset_to_swap_extent(sis, offset);
 	sector = se->start_block + (offset - se->start_page);
 	return sector << (PAGE_SHIFT - 9);
diff --git a/mm/zswap.c b/mm/zswap.c
index e5a9922b951a..54506935ceba 100644
--- a/mm/zswap.c
+++ b/mm/zswap.c
@@ -1076,7 +1076,7 @@ static int zswap_writeback_entry(struct zswap_entry *entry,
 	folio_set_reclaim(folio);
 
 	/* start writeback */
-	__swap_writepage(&ctx, folio);
+	__swap_writepage(&ctx, folio, folio->swap);
 	swap_write_submit(&ctx);
 
 out:
-- 
2.53.0-Meta


  parent reply	other threads:[~2026-08-25 15:32 UTC|newest]

Thread overview: 12+ messages / expand[flat|nested]  mbox.gz  Atom feed  top
2026-08-25 15:32 [PATCH v4 00/11] Virtual Swap Space (Swap Table Edition) Nhat Pham
2026-08-25 15:32 ` [PATCH v4 01/11] mm, swap: add virtual swap device infrastructure Nhat Pham
2026-08-25 15:32 ` [PATCH v4 02/11] mm, swap: support zswap and zero-filled swap pages as vswap backends Nhat Pham
2026-08-25 15:32 ` Nhat Pham [this message]
2026-08-25 15:32 ` [PATCH v4 04/11] mm, swap: support physical swap as a vswap backend Nhat Pham
2026-08-25 15:32 ` [PATCH v4 05/11] mm, swap: enable THP swapin for vswap entries Nhat Pham
2026-08-25 15:32 ` [PATCH v4 06/11] mm, swap: write back vswap zswap entries to physical swap Nhat Pham
2026-08-25 15:32 ` [PATCH v4 07/11] mm, swap: reclaim physical slots backing cache-only vswap entries Nhat Pham
2026-08-25 15:32 ` [PATCH v4 08/11] mm, swap: only charge physical swap entries Nhat Pham
2026-08-25 15:32 ` [PATCH v4 09/11] mm, swap: add debugfs counters for vswap Nhat Pham
2026-08-25 15:32 ` [PATCH v4 10/11] mm, swap: defer memcg_table allocation for physical swap clusters Nhat Pham
2026-08-25 15:32 ` [PATCH v4 11/11] mm, swap: widen swap_info_struct max/pages to unsigned long Nhat Pham

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