[v10 PATCH 0/2] Add L1 and L2 error detection for A72

[v10 PATCH 0/2] Add L1 and L2 error detection for A72

[Vijay Balakrishna]

This is an attempt to revive [v5] series. I have attempted to address comments
and suggestions from Marc Zyngier since [v5]. Additionally, I have limited
the support only for A72 processors per [v8] discussion. Testing the driver
on a problematic A72 SoC has led to the detection of Correctable Errors (CEs).
Below are logs captured from the problematic SoC during various boot instances.

[  876.896022] EDAC DEVICE0: CE: cortex-arm64-edac instance: cpu2 block: L1 count: 1 'L1-D Data RAM correctable error(s) on CPU 2'

[ 3700.978086] EDAC DEVICE0: CE: cortex-arm64-edac instance: cpu2 block: L1 count: 1 'L1-D Data RAM correctable error(s) on CPU 2'

[  976.956158] EDAC DEVICE0: CE: cortex-arm64-edac instance: cpu2 block: L1 count: 1 'L1-D Data RAM correctable error(s) on CPU 2'

[ 1427.933606] EDAC DEVICE0: CE: cortex-arm64-edac instance: cpu2 block: L1 count: 1 'L1-D Data RAM correctable error(s) on CPU 2'

[  192.959911] EDAC DEVICE0: CE: cortex-arm64-edac instance: cpu2 block: L1 count: 1 'L1-D Data RAM correctable error(s) on CPU 2'

Testing our product kernel involved adding the 'edac-enabled' property to CPU
nodes in the DTS. For mainline sanity checks, we tested under QEMU by
extracting the default DTB and modifying the DTS to include the 'edac-enabled'
property. We then verified the presence of /sysfs nodes for CE and UE counts
for the emulated A72 CPUs.

Our primary focus is on A72. We have a significant number of A72-based systems
in our fleet, and timely replacements via monitoring CEs will be instrumental
in managing them effectively.

I am eager to hear your suggestions and feedback on this series.

Thanks,
Vijay

[v5] https://lore.kernel.org/all/20210401110615.15326-1-s.hauer@pengutronix.de/#t
[v6] https://lore.kernel.org/all/1744241785-20256-1-git-send-email-vijayb@linux.microsoft.com/
[v7] https://lore.kernel.org/all/1744409319-24912-1-git-send-email-vijayb@linux.microsoft.com/#t
[v8] https://lore.kernel.org/all/1746404860-27069-1-git-send-email-vijayb@linux.microsoft.com/
[v9] https://lore.kernel.org/all/1747353973-4749-1-git-send-email-vijayb@linux.microsoft.com/

Changes since v9: 
- commit title, message and prefix update (Boris)
- fix spelling in Kconfig help text (Boris)
- prepared patches against edac-for-next (Boris)
- struct naming update from "merrsr" to "mem_err_synd_reg" (Boris)
- grouping of all defines (Boris)
- function variable declarations in reverse fir tree order (Boris)
- simplify naming of static functions (Boris)
- "CPU" in visible string instead of "cpu" (Boris)
- error message reflects "edac_a72" driver name (Boris)
- fixed the issues with device_node release using scope exit (Jonathan)
- of_cpu_device_node_get() instead of of_get_cpu_node() (Jonathan)
- make dt-binding update applicable only for A72 using if/then schema (Rob)

Changes since v8: 
- removed support for A53 and A57
- added entry to MAINTAINERS
- added missing module exit point to enable unload

Changes since v7: 
- v5 was based on the internal product kernel, identified following upon review
- correct format specifier to print CPUID/WAY
- removal of unused dynamic attributes for edac_device_alloc_ctl_info() 
- driver remove callback return type is void

Changes since v6:
- restore the change made in [v5] to clear CPU/L2 syndrome registers
  back to read_errors()
- upon detecting a valid error, clear syndrome registers immediately
  to avoid clobbering between the read and write (Marc)
- NULL return check for of_get_cpu_node() (Tyler)
- of_node_put() to avoid refcount issue (Tyler)
- quotes are dropped in yaml file (Krzysztof)

Changes since v5:
- rebase on v6.15-rc1
- the syndrome registers for CPU/L2 memory errors are cleared only upon
  detecting an error and an isb() after for synchronization (Marc)
- "edac-enabled" hunk moved to initial patch to avoid breaking virtual
  environments (Marc)
- to ensure compatibility across all three families, we are not reporting
  "L1 Dirty RAM," documented only in the A53 TRM
- above prompted changing default CPU L1 error meesage from "unknown"
  to "Unspecified"
- capturing CPUID/WAY information in L2 memory error log (Marc)
- module license from "GPL v2" to "GPL" (checkpatch.pl warning)
- extend support for A72

Sascha Hauer (2):
  EDAC: Add EDAC driver for ARM Cortex A72 cores
  dt-bindings: arm: cpus: Add edac-enabled property

 .../devicetree/bindings/arm/cpus.yaml         |  51 ++--
 MAINTAINERS                                   |   7 +
 drivers/edac/Kconfig                          |   8 +
 drivers/edac/Makefile                         |   1 +
 drivers/edac/edac_a72.c                       | 229 ++++++++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 280 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 drivers/edac/edac_a72.c


base-commit: 4521b86e4a6ef9efff329ef18120b1520059ae4e
prerequisite-patch-id: 5b3c01c126f1fb9299fd56ffed251f99de787d34
-- 
2.49.0

[v10 PATCH 1/2] EDAC: Add EDAC driver for ARM Cortex A72 cores

[Vijay Balakrishna]

From: Sascha Hauer <s.hauer@pengutronix.de>

The driver is designed to support error detection and reporting for
Cortex A72 cores, specifically within their L1 and L2 cache systems.
The errors are detected by reading CPU/L2 memory error syndrome
registers.

Unfortunately there is no robust way to inject errors into the caches,
so this driver doesn't contain any code to actually test it. It has
been tested though with code taken from an older version [1] of this
driver. For reasons stated in thread [1], the error injection code is
not suitable for mainline, so it is removed from the driver.

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/1521073067-24348-1-git-send-email-york.sun@nxp.com/#t

Signed-off-by: Sascha Hauer <s.hauer@pengutronix.de>
Co-developed-by: Vijay Balakrishna <vijayb@linux.microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Vijay Balakrishna <vijayb@linux.microsoft.com>
---
 MAINTAINERS             |   7 ++
 drivers/edac/Kconfig    |   8 ++
 drivers/edac/Makefile   |   1 +
 drivers/edac/edac_a72.c | 229 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 245 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 drivers/edac/edac_a72.c

diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
index 3cbf9ac0d83f..dac4692c10c8 100644
--- a/MAINTAINERS
+++ b/MAINTAINERS
@@ -8429,6 +8429,13 @@ F:	Documentation/driver-api/edac.rst
 F:	drivers/edac/
 F:	include/linux/edac.h
 
+EDAC-A72
+M:	Vijay Balakrishna <vijayb@linux.microsoft.com>
+M:	Tyler Hicks <code@tyhicks.com>
+L:	linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
+S:	Supported
+F:	drivers/edac/edac_a72.c
+
 EDAC-DMC520
 M:	Lei Wang <lewan@microsoft.com>
 L:	linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
diff --git a/drivers/edac/Kconfig b/drivers/edac/Kconfig
index 19ad3c3b675d..b824472208c4 100644
--- a/drivers/edac/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/edac/Kconfig
@@ -576,4 +576,12 @@ config EDAC_LOONGSON
 	  errors (CE) only. Loongson-3A5000/3C5000/3D5000/3A6000/3C6000
 	  are compatible.
 
+config EDAC_CORTEX_A72
+	tristate "ARM Cortex A72"
+	depends on ARM64
+	help
+	  Support for L1/L2 cache error detection for ARM Cortex A72 processor.
+	  The detected and reported errors are from reading CPU/L2 memory error
+	  syndrome registers.
+
 endif # EDAC
diff --git a/drivers/edac/Makefile b/drivers/edac/Makefile
index a8f2d8f6c894..136416f43b44 100644
--- a/drivers/edac/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/edac/Makefile
@@ -88,3 +88,4 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_EDAC_NPCM)			+= npcm_edac.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_EDAC_ZYNQMP)		+= zynqmp_edac.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_EDAC_VERSAL)		+= versal_edac.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_EDAC_LOONGSON)		+= loongson_edac.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_EDAC_CORTEX_A72)		+= edac_a72.o
diff --git a/drivers/edac/edac_a72.c b/drivers/edac/edac_a72.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f23c28fba354
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/edac/edac_a72.c
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * Cortex A72 EDAC L1 and L2 cache error detection
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2020 Pengutronix, Sascha Hauer <s.hauer@pengutronix.de>
+ *
+ * Based on Code from:
+ * Copyright (c) 2018, NXP Semiconductor
+ * Author: York Sun <york.sun@nxp.com>
+ */
+
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/of.h>
+#include <linux/bitfield.h>
+#include <asm/smp_plat.h>
+
+#include "edac_module.h"
+
+#define DRVNAME		"edac-a72"
+
+#define SYS_CPUMERRSR_EL1	sys_reg(3, 1, 15, 2, 2)
+#define SYS_L2MERRSR_EL1	sys_reg(3, 1, 15, 2, 3)
+
+#define CPUMERRSR_EL1_RAMID		GENMASK(30, 24)
+#define L2MERRSR_EL1_CPUID_WAY	GENMASK(21, 18)
+
+#define CPUMERRSR_EL1_VALID		BIT(31)
+#define CPUMERRSR_EL1_FATAL		BIT(63)
+#define L2MERRSR_EL1_VALID		BIT(31)
+#define L2MERRSR_EL1_FATAL		BIT(63)
+
+#define L1_I_TAG_RAM	0x00
+#define L1_I_DATA_RAM	0x01
+#define L1_D_TAG_RAM	0x08
+#define L1_D_DATA_RAM	0x09
+#define TLB_RAM			0x18
+
+#define MESSAGE_SIZE	64
+
+struct mem_err_synd_reg {
+	u64 cpu_mesr;
+	u64 l2_mesr;
+};
+
+static struct cpumask compat_mask;
+
+static void report_errors(struct edac_device_ctl_info *edac_ctl, int cpu,
+			  struct mem_err_synd_reg *mesr)
+{
+	u64 cpu_mesr = mesr->cpu_mesr;
+	u64 l2_mesr = mesr->l2_mesr;
+	char msg[MESSAGE_SIZE];
+
+	if (cpu_mesr & CPUMERRSR_EL1_VALID) {
+		const char *str;
+		bool fatal = cpu_mesr & CPUMERRSR_EL1_FATAL;
+
+		switch (FIELD_GET(CPUMERRSR_EL1_RAMID, cpu_mesr)) {
+		case L1_I_TAG_RAM:
+			str = "L1-I Tag RAM";
+			break;
+		case L1_I_DATA_RAM:
+			str = "L1-I Data RAM";
+			break;
+		case L1_D_TAG_RAM:
+			str = "L1-D Tag RAM";
+			break;
+		case L1_D_DATA_RAM:
+			str = "L1-D Data RAM";
+			break;
+		case TLB_RAM:
+			str = "TLB RAM";
+			break;
+		default:
+			str = "Unspecified";
+			break;
+		}
+
+		snprintf(msg, MESSAGE_SIZE, "%s %s error(s) on CPU %d",
+			 str, fatal ? "fatal" : "correctable", cpu);
+
+		if (fatal)
+			edac_device_handle_ue(edac_ctl, cpu, 0, msg);
+		else
+			edac_device_handle_ce(edac_ctl, cpu, 0, msg);
+	}
+
+	if (l2_mesr & L2MERRSR_EL1_VALID) {
+		bool fatal = l2_mesr & L2MERRSR_EL1_FATAL;
+
+		snprintf(msg, MESSAGE_SIZE, "L2 %s error(s) on CPU %d CPUID/WAY 0x%lx",
+			 fatal ? "fatal" : "correctable", cpu,
+			 FIELD_GET(L2MERRSR_EL1_CPUID_WAY, l2_mesr));
+		if (fatal)
+			edac_device_handle_ue(edac_ctl, cpu, 1, msg);
+		else
+			edac_device_handle_ce(edac_ctl, cpu, 1, msg);
+	}
+}
+
+static void read_errors(void *data)
+{
+	struct mem_err_synd_reg *mesr = data;
+
+	mesr->cpu_mesr = read_sysreg_s(SYS_CPUMERRSR_EL1);
+	if (mesr->cpu_mesr & CPUMERRSR_EL1_VALID) {
+		write_sysreg_s(0, SYS_CPUMERRSR_EL1);
+		isb();
+	}
+	mesr->l2_mesr = read_sysreg_s(SYS_L2MERRSR_EL1);
+	if (mesr->l2_mesr & L2MERRSR_EL1_VALID) {
+		write_sysreg_s(0, SYS_L2MERRSR_EL1);
+		isb();
+	}
+}
+
+static void a72_edac_check(struct edac_device_ctl_info *edac_ctl)
+{
+	struct mem_err_synd_reg mesr;
+	int cpu;
+
+	cpus_read_lock();
+	for_each_cpu_and(cpu, cpu_online_mask, &compat_mask) {
+		smp_call_function_single(cpu, read_errors, &mesr, true);
+		report_errors(edac_ctl, cpu, &mesr);
+	}
+	cpus_read_unlock();
+}
+
+static int a72_edac_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
+{
+	struct edac_device_ctl_info *edac_ctl;
+	struct device *dev = &pdev->dev;
+	int rc;
+
+	edac_ctl = edac_device_alloc_ctl_info(0, "cpu",
+					      num_possible_cpus(), "L", 2, 1,
+					      edac_device_alloc_index());
+	if (!edac_ctl)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	edac_ctl->edac_check = a72_edac_check;
+	edac_ctl->dev = dev;
+	edac_ctl->mod_name = dev_name(dev);
+	edac_ctl->dev_name = dev_name(dev);
+	edac_ctl->ctl_name = DRVNAME;
+	dev_set_drvdata(dev, edac_ctl);
+
+	rc = edac_device_add_device(edac_ctl);
+	if (rc)
+		goto out_dev;
+
+	return 0;
+
+out_dev:
+	edac_device_free_ctl_info(edac_ctl);
+
+	return rc;
+}
+
+static void a72_edac_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
+{
+	struct edac_device_ctl_info *edac_ctl = dev_get_drvdata(&pdev->dev);
+
+	edac_device_del_device(edac_ctl->dev);
+	edac_device_free_ctl_info(edac_ctl);
+}
+
+static const struct of_device_id cortex_arm64_edac_of_match[] = {
+	{ .compatible = "arm,cortex-a72" },
+	{}
+};
+MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(of, cortex_arm64_edac_of_match);
+
+static struct platform_driver a72_edac_driver = {
+	.probe = a72_edac_probe,
+	.remove = a72_edac_remove,
+	.driver = {
+		.name = DRVNAME,
+	},
+};
+
+static int __init a72_edac_driver_init(void)
+{
+	struct platform_device *pdev;
+	int cpu, err;
+
+	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
+		struct device_node *np __free(device_node) =
+				of_cpu_device_node_get(cpu);
+
+		if (np) {
+			if (of_match_node(cortex_arm64_edac_of_match, np) &&
+			    of_property_read_bool(np, "edac-enabled")) {
+				cpumask_set_cpu(cpu, &compat_mask);
+			}
+		} else {
+			pr_warn("failed to find device node for CPU %d\n", cpu);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (cpumask_empty(&compat_mask))
+		return 0;
+
+	err = platform_driver_register(&a72_edac_driver);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	pdev = platform_device_register_simple(DRVNAME, -1, NULL, 0);
+	if (IS_ERR(pdev)) {
+		pr_err("failed to register a72 edac device\n");
+		platform_driver_unregister(&a72_edac_driver);
+		return PTR_ERR(pdev);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void __exit a72_edac_driver_exit(void)
+{
+	platform_driver_unregister(&a72_edac_driver);
+}
+
+module_init(a72_edac_driver_init);
+module_exit(a72_edac_driver_exit);
+
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Sascha Hauer <s.hauer@pengutronix.de>");
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Cortex A72 L1 and L2 cache EDAC driver");
-- 
2.49.0

[v10 PATCH 2/2] dt-bindings: arm: cpus: Add edac-enabled property

[Vijay Balakrishna]

From: Sascha Hauer <s.hauer@pengutronix.de>

Some ARM Cortex CPUs including A72 have Error Detection And
Correction (EDAC) support on their L1 and L2 caches. This is implemented
in implementation defined registers, so usage of this functionality is
not safe in virtualized environments or when EL3 already uses these
registers. This patch adds a edac-enabled flag which can be explicitly
set when EDAC can be used.

Signed-off-by: Sascha Hauer <s.hauer@pengutronix.de>
[vijayb: Added A72 to the commit message]
Signed-off-by: Vijay Balakrishna <vijayb@linux.microsoft.com>
---
 .../devicetree/bindings/arm/cpus.yaml         | 51 +++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 35 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpus.yaml b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpus.yaml
index 2e666b2a4dcd..8f42c4fec59b 100644
--- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpus.yaml
+++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpus.yaml
@@ -331,6 +331,13 @@ properties:
       corresponding to the index of an SCMI performance domain provider, must be
       "perf".
 
+  edac-enabled:
+    $ref: /schemas/types.yaml#/definitions/flag
+    description:
+      A72 CPUs support Error Detection And Correction (EDAC) on their L1 and
+      L2 caches. This flag marks this function as usable.
+#    type: boolean
+
   qcom,saw:
     $ref: /schemas/types.yaml#/definitions/phandle
     description: |
@@ -378,22 +385,34 @@ properties:
       formed by encoding the target CPU id into the low bits of the
       physical start address it should jump to.
 
-if:
-  # If the enable-method property contains one of those values
-  properties:
-    enable-method:
-      contains:
-        enum:
-          - brcm,bcm11351-cpu-method
-          - brcm,bcm23550
-          - brcm,bcm-nsp-smp
-  # and if enable-method is present
-  required:
-    - enable-method
-
-then:
-  required:
-    - secondary-boot-reg
+allOf:
+  - if:
+      not:
+        properties:
+          compatible:
+            contains:
+              const: arm,cortex-a72
+    then:
+      # Allow edac-enabled only for Cortex A72
+      properties:
+        edac-enabled: false
+
+  - if:
+      # If the enable-method property contains one of those values
+      properties:
+        enable-method:
+          contains:
+            enum:
+              - brcm,bcm11351-cpu-method
+              - brcm,bcm23550
+              - brcm,bcm-nsp-smp
+      # and if enable-method is present
+      required:
+        - enable-method
+
+    then:
+      required:
+        - secondary-boot-reg
 
 required:
   - device_type
-- 
2.49.0

Re: [v10 PATCH 2/2] dt-bindings: arm: cpus: Add edac-enabled property

[Krzysztof Kozlowski]

On 28/05/2025 01:16, Vijay Balakrishna wrote:
> From: Sascha Hauer <s.hauer@pengutronix.de>
> 
> Some ARM Cortex CPUs including A72 have Error Detection And
> Correction (EDAC) support on their L1 and L2 caches. This is implemented
> in implementation defined registers, so usage of this functionality is
> not safe in virtualized environments or when EL3 already uses these
> registers. This patch adds a edac-enabled flag which can be explicitly
> set when EDAC can be used.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Sascha Hauer <s.hauer@pengutronix.de>
> [vijayb: Added A72 to the commit message]
> Signed-off-by: Vijay Balakrishna <vijayb@linux.microsoft.com>
> ---
>  .../devicetree/bindings/arm/cpus.yaml         | 51 +++++++++++++------
>  1 file changed, 35 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpus.yaml b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpus.yaml
> index 2e666b2a4dcd..8f42c4fec59b 100644
> --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpus.yaml
> +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpus.yaml
> @@ -331,6 +331,13 @@ properties:
>        corresponding to the index of an SCMI performance domain provider, must be
>        "perf".
>  
> +  edac-enabled:
> +    $ref: /schemas/types.yaml#/definitions/flag
> +    description:
> +      A72 CPUs support Error Detection And Correction (EDAC) on their L1 and
> +      L2 caches. This flag marks this function as usable.
> +#    type: boolean

Drop

Rest looks fine to me, seems implementing Rob's comments.

With change above:
Reviewed-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org>

Best regards,
Krzysztof

Re: [v10 PATCH 1/2] EDAC: Add EDAC driver for ARM Cortex A72 cores

[Jonathan Cameron]

On Tue, 27 May 2025 16:16:29 -0700
Vijay Balakrishna <vijayb@linux.microsoft.com> wrote:

> From: Sascha Hauer <s.hauer@pengutronix.de>
> 
> The driver is designed to support error detection and reporting for
> Cortex A72 cores, specifically within their L1 and L2 cache systems.
> The errors are detected by reading CPU/L2 memory error syndrome
> registers.
> 
> Unfortunately there is no robust way to inject errors into the caches,
> so this driver doesn't contain any code to actually test it. It has
> been tested though with code taken from an older version [1] of this
> driver. For reasons stated in thread [1], the error injection code is
> not suitable for mainline, so it is removed from the driver.
> 
> [1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/1521073067-24348-1-git-send-email-york.sun@nxp.com/#t
> 
> Signed-off-by: Sascha Hauer <s.hauer@pengutronix.de>
> Co-developed-by: Vijay Balakrishna <vijayb@linux.microsoft.com>
> Signed-off-by: Vijay Balakrishna <vijayb@linux.microsoft.com>
I'm far from an expert on the EDAC side of things but generally this
looks good to me.

Reviewed-by: Jonathan Cameron <Jonathan.Cameron@huawei.com>

Note one comment inline that maybe it's worth adding a line
to the copyright notice given changes you've made?

Jonathan

> diff --git a/drivers/edac/Makefile b/drivers/edac/Makefile
> index a8f2d8f6c894..136416f43b44 100644
> --- a/drivers/edac/Makefile
> +++ b/drivers/edac/Makefile
> @@ -88,3 +88,4 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_EDAC_NPCM)			+= npcm_edac.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_EDAC_ZYNQMP)		+= zynqmp_edac.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_EDAC_VERSAL)		+= versal_edac.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_EDAC_LOONGSON)		+= loongson_edac.o
> +obj-$(CONFIG_EDAC_CORTEX_A72)		+= edac_a72.o
> diff --git a/drivers/edac/edac_a72.c b/drivers/edac/edac_a72.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..f23c28fba354
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/drivers/edac/edac_a72.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
> +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> +/*
> + * Cortex A72 EDAC L1 and L2 cache error detection
> + *
> + * Copyright (c) 2020 Pengutronix, Sascha Hauer <s.hauer@pengutronix.de>

I'd argue that you've made enough changes to add an additional
copyright line.  Entirely up to you however!

> + *
> + * Based on Code from:
> + * Copyright (c) 2018, NXP Semiconductor
> + * Author: York Sun <york.sun@nxp.com>
> + */