[PATCH v4 0/5] DAX fixes, move flushing calls to FS

[PATCH v4 0/5] DAX fixes, move flushing calls to FS

[Ross Zwisler]

Changes since v3:
- Added Reviewed-by tags from Jan Kara.
- Dropped patch 6, "block: use dax_do_io() if blkdev_dax_capable()"

I believe that this series is ready for inclusion in v4.5.  I think it
should be merged for v4.5 because it fixes serious issues with the DAX code
including possible data corruption and kernel OOPSes.

akpm, for the v4.5 merge do you want these patches to go through the -mm
tree, or would it be better if I just sent them to Linus directly?

A working tree can be found here:
https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/zwisler/linux.git/log/?h=fsync_bdev_v4

---
Previous summary with issue impacts added:

This patch series fixes several issues with the current DAX code:

1) DAX is used by default on raw block devices that are capable of
supporting it.  This creates an issue because there are still uses of the
block device that use the page cache, and having one block device user
doing DAX I/O and another doing page cache I/O can lead to data corruption.

2) When S_DAX is set on an inode we assume that if there are pages attached
to the mapping (mapping->nrpages != 0), those pages are clean zero pages
that were used to service reads from holes.  This wasn't true in all cases.

3) ext4 online defrag combined with DAX I/O could lead to data corruption.

4) The DAX block/sector zeroing code needs a valid struct block_device,
which it wasn't always getting.  This could lead to a kernel OOPS.

5) The DAX writeback code needs a valid struct block_device, which it
wasn't always getting.  This could lead to a kernel OOPS.

6) The DAX writeback code needs to be called for sync(2) and syncfs(2).
This could lead to data loss.

Dan Williams (1):
  block: disable block device DAX by default

Ross Zwisler (4):
  ext2, ext4: only set S_DAX for regular inodes
  ext4: Online defrag not supported with DAX
  dax: give DAX clearing code correct bdev
  dax: move writeback calls into the filesystems

 block/Kconfig          | 13 +++++++++++++
 fs/block_dev.c         | 19 +++++++++++++++++--
 fs/dax.c               | 21 +++++++++++----------
 fs/ext2/inode.c        | 16 +++++++++++++---
 fs/ext4/inode.c        |  6 +++++-
 fs/ext4/ioctl.c        |  5 +++++
 fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c      |  6 +++++-
 fs/xfs/xfs_aops.h      |  1 +
 fs/xfs/xfs_bmap_util.c |  3 ++-
 include/linux/dax.h    |  8 +++++---
 mm/filemap.c           | 12 ++++--------
 11 files changed, 81 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)

-- 
2.5.0

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[PATCH v4 1/5] block: disable block device DAX by default

[Ross Zwisler]

From: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>

The recent *sync enabling discovered that we are inserting into the
block_device pagecache counter to the expectations of the dirty data
tracking for dax mappings.  This can lead to data corruption.

We want to support DAX for block devices eventually, but it requires
wider changes to properly manage the pagecache.

  [<ffffffff81576d93>] dump_stack+0x85/0xc2
  [<ffffffff812b9ee0>] dax_writeback_mapping_range+0x60/0xe0
  [<ffffffff812a1d4f>] blkdev_writepages+0x3f/0x50
  [<ffffffff811db011>] do_writepages+0x21/0x30
  [<ffffffff811cb6a6>] __filemap_fdatawrite_range+0xc6/0x100
  [<ffffffff811cb75a>] filemap_write_and_wait+0x4a/0xa0
  [<ffffffff812a15e0>] set_blocksize+0x70/0xd0
  [<ffffffff812a273d>] sb_set_blocksize+0x1d/0x50
  [<ffffffff8132ac9b>] ext4_fill_super+0x75b/0x3360
  [<ffffffff81583381>] ? vsnprintf+0x201/0x4c0
  [<ffffffff815836d9>] ? snprintf+0x49/0x60
  [<ffffffff81263010>] mount_bdev+0x180/0x1b0
  [<ffffffff8132a540>] ? ext4_calculate_overhead+0x370/0x370
  [<ffffffff8131ad95>] ext4_mount+0x15/0x20
  [<ffffffff81263908>] mount_fs+0x38/0x170

Mark the support broken so its disabled by default, but otherwise still
available for testing.

Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <matthew.r.wilcox@intel.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@ftp.linux.org.uk>
Reported-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Suggested-by: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
---
 block/Kconfig  | 13 +++++++++++++
 fs/block_dev.c |  6 +++++-
 2 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/block/Kconfig b/block/Kconfig
index 161491d..0363cd7 100644
--- a/block/Kconfig
+++ b/block/Kconfig
@@ -88,6 +88,19 @@ config BLK_DEV_INTEGRITY
 	T10/SCSI Data Integrity Field or the T13/ATA External Path
 	Protection.  If in doubt, say N.
 
+config BLK_DEV_DAX
+	bool "Block device DAX support"
+	depends on FS_DAX
+	depends on BROKEN
+	help
+	  When DAX support is available (CONFIG_FS_DAX) raw block
+	  devices can also support direct userspace access to the
+	  storage capacity via MMAP(2) similar to a file on a
+	  DAX-enabled filesystem.  However, the DAX I/O-path disables
+	  some standard I/O-statistics, and the MMAP(2) path has some
+	  operational differences due to bypassing the page
+	  cache.  If in doubt, say N.
+
 config BLK_DEV_THROTTLING
 	bool "Block layer bio throttling support"
 	depends on BLK_CGROUP=y
diff --git a/fs/block_dev.c b/fs/block_dev.c
index 39b3a17..31c6d10 100644
--- a/fs/block_dev.c
+++ b/fs/block_dev.c
@@ -1201,7 +1201,11 @@ static int __blkdev_get(struct block_device *bdev, fmode_t mode, int for_part)
 		bdev->bd_disk = disk;
 		bdev->bd_queue = disk->queue;
 		bdev->bd_contains = bdev;
-		bdev->bd_inode->i_flags = disk->fops->direct_access ? S_DAX : 0;
+		if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BLK_DEV_DAX) && disk->fops->direct_access)
+			bdev->bd_inode->i_flags = S_DAX;
+		else
+			bdev->bd_inode->i_flags = 0;
+
 		if (!partno) {
 			ret = -ENXIO;
 			bdev->bd_part = disk_get_part(disk, partno);
-- 
2.5.0

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[PATCH v4 2/5] ext2, ext4: only set S_DAX for regular inodes

[Ross Zwisler]

When S_DAX is set on an inode we assume that if there are pages attached
to the mapping (mapping->nrpages != 0), those pages are clean zero pages
that were used to service reads from holes.  Any dirty data associated with
the inode should be in the form of DAX exceptional entries
(mapping->nrexceptional) that is written back via
dax_writeback_mapping_range().

With the current code, though, this isn't always true.  For example, ext2
and ext4 directory inodes can have S_DAX set, but have their dirty data
stored as dirty page cache entries.  For these types of inodes, having
S_DAX set doesn't really make sense since their I/O doesn't actually happen
through the DAX code path.

Instead, only allow S_DAX to be set for regular inodes for ext2 and ext4.
This allows us to have strict DAX vs non-DAX paths in the writeback code.

Signed-off-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
---
 fs/ext2/inode.c | 2 +-
 fs/ext4/inode.c | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/ext2/inode.c b/fs/ext2/inode.c
index 338eefd..27e2cdd 100644
--- a/fs/ext2/inode.c
+++ b/fs/ext2/inode.c
@@ -1296,7 +1296,7 @@ void ext2_set_inode_flags(struct inode *inode)
 		inode->i_flags |= S_NOATIME;
 	if (flags & EXT2_DIRSYNC_FL)
 		inode->i_flags |= S_DIRSYNC;
-	if (test_opt(inode->i_sb, DAX))
+	if (test_opt(inode->i_sb, DAX) && S_ISREG(inode->i_mode))
 		inode->i_flags |= S_DAX;
 }
 
diff --git a/fs/ext4/inode.c b/fs/ext4/inode.c
index 9cc57c3..5708e68 100644
--- a/fs/ext4/inode.c
+++ b/fs/ext4/inode.c
@@ -4155,7 +4155,7 @@ void ext4_set_inode_flags(struct inode *inode)
 		new_fl |= S_NOATIME;
 	if (flags & EXT4_DIRSYNC_FL)
 		new_fl |= S_DIRSYNC;
-	if (test_opt(inode->i_sb, DAX))
+	if (test_opt(inode->i_sb, DAX) && S_ISREG(inode->i_mode))
 		new_fl |= S_DAX;
 	inode_set_flags(inode, new_fl,
 			S_SYNC|S_APPEND|S_IMMUTABLE|S_NOATIME|S_DIRSYNC|S_DAX);
-- 
2.5.0

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[PATCH v4 3/5] ext4: Online defrag not supported with DAX

[Ross Zwisler]

Online defrag operations for ext4 are hard coded to use the page cache.
See ext4_ioctl() -> ext4_move_extents() -> move_extent_per_page()

When combined with DAX I/O, which circumvents the page cache, this can
result in data corruption.  This was observed with xfstests ext4/307 and
ext4/308.

Fix this by only allowing online defrag for non-DAX files.

Signed-off-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
---
 fs/ext4/ioctl.c | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)

diff --git a/fs/ext4/ioctl.c b/fs/ext4/ioctl.c
index a99b010..eae5917 100644
--- a/fs/ext4/ioctl.c
+++ b/fs/ext4/ioctl.c
@@ -583,6 +583,11 @@ group_extend_out:
 				 "Online defrag not supported with bigalloc");
 			err = -EOPNOTSUPP;
 			goto mext_out;
+		} else if (IS_DAX(inode)) {
+			ext4_msg(sb, KERN_ERR,
+				 "Online defrag not supported with DAX");
+			err = -EOPNOTSUPP;
+			goto mext_out;
 		}
 
 		err = mnt_want_write_file(filp);
-- 
2.5.0

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[PATCH v4 4/5] dax: give DAX clearing code correct bdev

[Ross Zwisler]

dax_clear_blocks() needs a valid struct block_device and previously it was
using inode->i_sb->s_bdev in all cases.  This is correct for normal inodes
on mounted ext2, ext4 and XFS filesystems, but is incorrect for DAX raw
block devices and for XFS real-time devices.

Instead, rename dax_clear_blocks() to dax_clear_sectors(), and change its
arguments to take a bdev and a sector instead of an inode and a block.
This better reflects what the function does, and it allows the filesystem
and raw block device code to pass in an appropriate struct block_device.

Signed-off-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Suggested-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
---
 fs/dax.c               | 9 ++++-----
 fs/ext2/inode.c        | 6 ++++--
 fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c      | 2 +-
 fs/xfs/xfs_aops.h      | 1 +
 fs/xfs/xfs_bmap_util.c | 3 ++-
 include/linux/dax.h    | 2 +-
 6 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/dax.c b/fs/dax.c
index fc2e314..9a173dd 100644
--- a/fs/dax.c
+++ b/fs/dax.c
@@ -79,15 +79,14 @@ struct page *read_dax_sector(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t n)
 }
 
 /*
- * dax_clear_blocks() is called from within transaction context from XFS,
+ * dax_clear_sectors() is called from within transaction context from XFS,
  * and hence this means the stack from this point must follow GFP_NOFS
  * semantics for all operations.
  */
-int dax_clear_blocks(struct inode *inode, sector_t block, long _size)
+int dax_clear_sectors(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t _sector, long _size)
 {
-	struct block_device *bdev = inode->i_sb->s_bdev;
 	struct blk_dax_ctl dax = {
-		.sector = block << (inode->i_blkbits - 9),
+		.sector = _sector,
 		.size = _size,
 	};
 
@@ -109,7 +108,7 @@ int dax_clear_blocks(struct inode *inode, sector_t block, long _size)
 	wmb_pmem();
 	return 0;
 }
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dax_clear_blocks);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dax_clear_sectors);
 
 /* the clear_pmem() calls are ordered by a wmb_pmem() in the caller */
 static void dax_new_buf(void __pmem *addr, unsigned size, unsigned first,
diff --git a/fs/ext2/inode.c b/fs/ext2/inode.c
index 27e2cdd..4467cbd 100644
--- a/fs/ext2/inode.c
+++ b/fs/ext2/inode.c
@@ -737,8 +737,10 @@ static int ext2_get_blocks(struct inode *inode,
 		 * so that it's not found by another thread before it's
 		 * initialised
 		 */
-		err = dax_clear_blocks(inode, le32_to_cpu(chain[depth-1].key),
-						1 << inode->i_blkbits);
+		err = dax_clear_sectors(inode->i_sb->s_bdev,
+				le32_to_cpu(chain[depth-1].key) <<
+				(inode->i_blkbits - 9),
+				1 << inode->i_blkbits);
 		if (err) {
 			mutex_unlock(&ei->truncate_mutex);
 			goto cleanup;
diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c b/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c
index 379c089..fc20518 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c
+++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ xfs_count_page_state(
 	} while ((bh = bh->b_this_page) != head);
 }
 
-STATIC struct block_device *
+struct block_device *
 xfs_find_bdev_for_inode(
 	struct inode		*inode)
 {
diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.h b/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.h
index f6ffc9a..a4343c6 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.h
+++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.h
@@ -62,5 +62,6 @@ int	xfs_get_blocks_dax_fault(struct inode *inode, sector_t offset,
 			         struct buffer_head *map_bh, int create);
 
 extern void xfs_count_page_state(struct page *, int *, int *);
+extern struct block_device *xfs_find_bdev_for_inode(struct inode *);
 
 #endif /* __XFS_AOPS_H__ */
diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_bmap_util.c b/fs/xfs/xfs_bmap_util.c
index 45ec9e4..6c87601 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/xfs_bmap_util.c
+++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_bmap_util.c
@@ -75,7 +75,8 @@ xfs_zero_extent(
 	ssize_t		size = XFS_FSB_TO_B(mp, count_fsb);
 
 	if (IS_DAX(VFS_I(ip)))
-		return dax_clear_blocks(VFS_I(ip), block, size);
+		return dax_clear_sectors(xfs_find_bdev_for_inode(VFS_I(ip)),
+				sector, size);
 
 	/*
 	 * let the block layer decide on the fastest method of
diff --git a/include/linux/dax.h b/include/linux/dax.h
index 818e450..7b6bced 100644
--- a/include/linux/dax.h
+++ b/include/linux/dax.h
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 ssize_t dax_do_io(struct kiocb *, struct inode *, struct iov_iter *, loff_t,
 		  get_block_t, dio_iodone_t, int flags);
-int dax_clear_blocks(struct inode *, sector_t block, long size);
+int dax_clear_sectors(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t _sector, long _size);
 int dax_zero_page_range(struct inode *, loff_t from, unsigned len, get_block_t);
 int dax_truncate_page(struct inode *, loff_t from, get_block_t);
 int dax_fault(struct vm_area_struct *, struct vm_fault *, get_block_t,
-- 
2.5.0

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[PATCH v4 5/5] dax: move writeback calls into the filesystems

[Ross Zwisler]

Previously calls to dax_writeback_mapping_range() for all DAX filesystems
(ext2, ext4 & xfs) were centralized in filemap_write_and_wait_range().
dax_writeback_mapping_range() needs a struct block_device, and it used to
get that from inode->i_sb->s_bdev.  This is correct for normal inodes
mounted on ext2, ext4 and XFS filesystems, but is incorrect for DAX raw
block devices and for XFS real-time files.

Instead, call dax_writeback_mapping_range() directly from the filesystem
->writepages function so that it can supply us with a valid block
device. This also fixes DAX code to properly flush caches in response to
sync(2).

Signed-off-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
---
 fs/block_dev.c      | 13 ++++++++++++-
 fs/dax.c            | 12 +++++++-----
 fs/ext2/inode.c     |  8 ++++++++
 fs/ext4/inode.c     |  4 ++++
 fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c   |  4 ++++
 include/linux/dax.h |  6 ++++--
 mm/filemap.c        | 12 ++++--------
 7 files changed, 43 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/block_dev.c b/fs/block_dev.c
index 31c6d10..826b164 100644
--- a/fs/block_dev.c
+++ b/fs/block_dev.c
@@ -1697,13 +1697,24 @@ static int blkdev_releasepage(struct page *page, gfp_t wait)
 	return try_to_free_buffers(page);
 }
 
+static int blkdev_writepages(struct address_space *mapping,
+			     struct writeback_control *wbc)
+{
+	if (dax_mapping(mapping)) {
+		struct block_device *bdev = I_BDEV(mapping->host);
+
+		return dax_writeback_mapping_range(mapping, bdev, wbc);
+	}
+	return generic_writepages(mapping, wbc);
+}
+
 static const struct address_space_operations def_blk_aops = {
 	.readpage	= blkdev_readpage,
 	.readpages	= blkdev_readpages,
 	.writepage	= blkdev_writepage,
 	.write_begin	= blkdev_write_begin,
 	.write_end	= blkdev_write_end,
-	.writepages	= generic_writepages,
+	.writepages	= blkdev_writepages,
 	.releasepage	= blkdev_releasepage,
 	.direct_IO	= blkdev_direct_IO,
 	.is_dirty_writeback = buffer_check_dirty_writeback,
diff --git a/fs/dax.c b/fs/dax.c
index 9a173dd..7111724 100644
--- a/fs/dax.c
+++ b/fs/dax.c
@@ -484,11 +484,10 @@ static int dax_writeback_one(struct block_device *bdev,
  * end]. This is required by data integrity operations to ensure file data is
  * on persistent storage prior to completion of the operation.
  */
-int dax_writeback_mapping_range(struct address_space *mapping, loff_t start,
-		loff_t end)
+int dax_writeback_mapping_range(struct address_space *mapping,
+		struct block_device *bdev, struct writeback_control *wbc)
 {
 	struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
-	struct block_device *bdev = inode->i_sb->s_bdev;
 	pgoff_t start_index, end_index, pmd_index;
 	pgoff_t indices[PAGEVEC_SIZE];
 	struct pagevec pvec;
@@ -499,8 +498,11 @@ int dax_writeback_mapping_range(struct address_space *mapping, loff_t start,
 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(inode->i_blkbits != PAGE_SHIFT))
 		return -EIO;
 
-	start_index = start >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
-	end_index = end >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
+	if (!mapping->nrexceptional || wbc->sync_mode != WB_SYNC_ALL)
+		return 0;
+
+	start_index = wbc->range_start >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
+	end_index = wbc->range_end >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
 	pmd_index = DAX_PMD_INDEX(start_index);
 
 	rcu_read_lock();
diff --git a/fs/ext2/inode.c b/fs/ext2/inode.c
index 4467cbd..6bd58e6 100644
--- a/fs/ext2/inode.c
+++ b/fs/ext2/inode.c
@@ -876,6 +876,14 @@ ext2_direct_IO(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *iter, loff_t offset)
 static int
 ext2_writepages(struct address_space *mapping, struct writeback_control *wbc)
 {
+#ifdef CONFIG_FS_DAX
+	if (dax_mapping(mapping)) {
+		return dax_writeback_mapping_range(mapping,
+						   mapping->host->i_sb->s_bdev,
+						   wbc);
+	}
+#endif
+
 	return mpage_writepages(mapping, wbc, ext2_get_block);
 }
 
diff --git a/fs/ext4/inode.c b/fs/ext4/inode.c
index 5708e68..aee960b 100644
--- a/fs/ext4/inode.c
+++ b/fs/ext4/inode.c
@@ -2478,6 +2478,10 @@ static int ext4_writepages(struct address_space *mapping,
 
 	trace_ext4_writepages(inode, wbc);
 
+	if (dax_mapping(mapping))
+		return dax_writeback_mapping_range(mapping, inode->i_sb->s_bdev,
+						   wbc);
+
 	/*
 	 * No pages to write? This is mainly a kludge to avoid starting
 	 * a transaction for special inodes like journal inode on last iput()
diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c b/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c
index fc20518..a9ebabfe 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c
+++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c
@@ -1208,6 +1208,10 @@ xfs_vm_writepages(
 	struct writeback_control *wbc)
 {
 	xfs_iflags_clear(XFS_I(mapping->host), XFS_ITRUNCATED);
+	if (dax_mapping(mapping))
+		return dax_writeback_mapping_range(mapping,
+				xfs_find_bdev_for_inode(mapping->host), wbc);
+
 	return generic_writepages(mapping, wbc);
 }
 
diff --git a/include/linux/dax.h b/include/linux/dax.h
index 7b6bced..636dd59 100644
--- a/include/linux/dax.h
+++ b/include/linux/dax.h
@@ -52,6 +52,8 @@ static inline bool dax_mapping(struct address_space *mapping)
 {
 	return mapping->host && IS_DAX(mapping->host);
 }
-int dax_writeback_mapping_range(struct address_space *mapping, loff_t start,
-		loff_t end);
+
+struct writeback_control;
+int dax_writeback_mapping_range(struct address_space *mapping,
+		struct block_device *bdev, struct writeback_control *wbc);
 #endif
diff --git a/mm/filemap.c b/mm/filemap.c
index 23edcce..3461d97 100644
--- a/mm/filemap.c
+++ b/mm/filemap.c
@@ -446,7 +446,8 @@ int filemap_write_and_wait(struct address_space *mapping)
 {
 	int err = 0;
 
-	if (mapping->nrpages) {
+	if ((!dax_mapping(mapping) && mapping->nrpages) ||
+	    (dax_mapping(mapping) && mapping->nrexceptional)) {
 		err = filemap_fdatawrite(mapping);
 		/*
 		 * Even if the above returned error, the pages may be
@@ -482,13 +483,8 @@ int filemap_write_and_wait_range(struct address_space *mapping,
 {
 	int err = 0;
 
-	if (dax_mapping(mapping) && mapping->nrexceptional) {
-		err = dax_writeback_mapping_range(mapping, lstart, lend);
-		if (err)
-			return err;
-	}
-
-	if (mapping->nrpages) {
+	if ((!dax_mapping(mapping) && mapping->nrpages) ||
+	    (dax_mapping(mapping) && mapping->nrexceptional)) {
 		err = __filemap_fdatawrite_range(mapping, lstart, lend,
 						 WB_SYNC_ALL);
 		/* See comment of filemap_write_and_wait() */
-- 
2.5.0

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