From: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
To: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: axboe@kernel.dk, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, jack@suse.cz,
hch@infradead.org, hannes@cmpxchg.org,
linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org, vgoyal@redhat.com,
lizefan@huawei.com, cgroups@vger.kernel.org, linux-mm@kvack.org,
mhocko@suse.cz, clm@fb.com, fengguang.wu@intel.com,
david@fromorbit.com, gthelen@google.com,
khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru
Subject: Re: [PATCH 27/51] writeback: make congestion functions per bdi_writeback
Date: Tue, 30 Jun 2015 16:50:41 +0200 [thread overview]
Message-ID: <20150630145041.GM7252@quack.suse.cz> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <1432329245-5844-28-git-send-email-tj@kernel.org>
On Fri 22-05-15 17:13:41, Tejun Heo wrote:
> Currently, all congestion functions take bdi (backing_dev_info) and
> always operate on the root wb (bdi->wb) and the congestion state from
> the block layer is propagated only for the root blkcg. This patch
> introduces {set|clear}_wb_congested() and wb_congested() which take a
> bdi_writeback_congested and bdi_writeback respectively. The bdi
> counteparts are now wrappers invoking the wb based functions on
> @bdi->wb.
>
> While converting clear_bdi_congested() to clear_wb_congested(), the
> local variable declaration order between @wqh and @bit is swapped for
> cosmetic reason.
>
> This patch just adds the new wb based functions. The following
> patches will apply them.
Looks good to me. You can add:
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.com>
Honza
>
> v2: Updated for bdi_writeback_congested.
>
> Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
> Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
> ---
> include/linux/backing-dev-defs.h | 14 +++++++++++--
> include/linux/backing-dev.h | 45 +++++++++++++++++++++++-----------------
> mm/backing-dev.c | 22 ++++++++++----------
> 3 files changed, 49 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/include/linux/backing-dev-defs.h b/include/linux/backing-dev-defs.h
> index a1e9c40..eb38676 100644
> --- a/include/linux/backing-dev-defs.h
> +++ b/include/linux/backing-dev-defs.h
> @@ -163,7 +163,17 @@ enum {
> BLK_RW_SYNC = 1,
> };
>
> -void clear_bdi_congested(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, int sync);
> -void set_bdi_congested(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, int sync);
> +void clear_wb_congested(struct bdi_writeback_congested *congested, int sync);
> +void set_wb_congested(struct bdi_writeback_congested *congested, int sync);
> +
> +static inline void clear_bdi_congested(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, int sync)
> +{
> + clear_wb_congested(bdi->wb.congested, sync);
> +}
> +
> +static inline void set_bdi_congested(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, int sync)
> +{
> + set_wb_congested(bdi->wb.congested, sync);
> +}
>
> #endif /* __LINUX_BACKING_DEV_DEFS_H */
> diff --git a/include/linux/backing-dev.h b/include/linux/backing-dev.h
> index 8ae59df..2c498a2 100644
> --- a/include/linux/backing-dev.h
> +++ b/include/linux/backing-dev.h
> @@ -167,27 +167,13 @@ static inline struct backing_dev_info *inode_to_bdi(struct inode *inode)
> return sb->s_bdi;
> }
>
> -static inline int bdi_congested(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, int bdi_bits)
> +static inline int wb_congested(struct bdi_writeback *wb, int cong_bits)
> {
> - if (bdi->congested_fn)
> - return bdi->congested_fn(bdi->congested_data, bdi_bits);
> - return (bdi->wb.congested->state & bdi_bits);
> -}
> -
> -static inline int bdi_read_congested(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
> -{
> - return bdi_congested(bdi, 1 << WB_sync_congested);
> -}
> -
> -static inline int bdi_write_congested(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
> -{
> - return bdi_congested(bdi, 1 << WB_async_congested);
> -}
> + struct backing_dev_info *bdi = wb->bdi;
>
> -static inline int bdi_rw_congested(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
> -{
> - return bdi_congested(bdi, (1 << WB_sync_congested) |
> - (1 << WB_async_congested));
> + if (bdi->congested_fn)
> + return bdi->congested_fn(bdi->congested_data, cong_bits);
> + return wb->congested->state & cong_bits;
> }
>
> long congestion_wait(int sync, long timeout);
> @@ -454,4 +440,25 @@ static inline void wb_blkcg_offline(struct blkcg *blkcg)
>
> #endif /* CONFIG_CGROUP_WRITEBACK */
>
> +static inline int bdi_congested(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, int cong_bits)
> +{
> + return wb_congested(&bdi->wb, cong_bits);
> +}
> +
> +static inline int bdi_read_congested(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
> +{
> + return bdi_congested(bdi, 1 << WB_sync_congested);
> +}
> +
> +static inline int bdi_write_congested(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
> +{
> + return bdi_congested(bdi, 1 << WB_async_congested);
> +}
> +
> +static inline int bdi_rw_congested(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
> +{
> + return bdi_congested(bdi, (1 << WB_sync_congested) |
> + (1 << WB_async_congested));
> +}
> +
> #endif /* _LINUX_BACKING_DEV_H */
> diff --git a/mm/backing-dev.c b/mm/backing-dev.c
> index 4c9386c..5029c4a 100644
> --- a/mm/backing-dev.c
> +++ b/mm/backing-dev.c
> @@ -896,31 +896,31 @@ static wait_queue_head_t congestion_wqh[2] = {
> __WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD_INITIALIZER(congestion_wqh[0]),
> __WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD_INITIALIZER(congestion_wqh[1])
> };
> -static atomic_t nr_bdi_congested[2];
> +static atomic_t nr_wb_congested[2];
>
> -void clear_bdi_congested(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, int sync)
> +void clear_wb_congested(struct bdi_writeback_congested *congested, int sync)
> {
> - enum wb_state bit;
> wait_queue_head_t *wqh = &congestion_wqh[sync];
> + enum wb_state bit;
>
> bit = sync ? WB_sync_congested : WB_async_congested;
> - if (test_and_clear_bit(bit, &bdi->wb.congested->state))
> - atomic_dec(&nr_bdi_congested[sync]);
> + if (test_and_clear_bit(bit, &congested->state))
> + atomic_dec(&nr_wb_congested[sync]);
> smp_mb__after_atomic();
> if (waitqueue_active(wqh))
> wake_up(wqh);
> }
> -EXPORT_SYMBOL(clear_bdi_congested);
> +EXPORT_SYMBOL(clear_wb_congested);
>
> -void set_bdi_congested(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, int sync)
> +void set_wb_congested(struct bdi_writeback_congested *congested, int sync)
> {
> enum wb_state bit;
>
> bit = sync ? WB_sync_congested : WB_async_congested;
> - if (!test_and_set_bit(bit, &bdi->wb.congested->state))
> - atomic_inc(&nr_bdi_congested[sync]);
> + if (!test_and_set_bit(bit, &congested->state))
> + atomic_inc(&nr_wb_congested[sync]);
> }
> -EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_bdi_congested);
> +EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_wb_congested);
>
> /**
> * congestion_wait - wait for a backing_dev to become uncongested
> @@ -979,7 +979,7 @@ long wait_iff_congested(struct zone *zone, int sync, long timeout)
> * encountered in the current zone, yield if necessary instead
> * of sleeping on the congestion queue
> */
> - if (atomic_read(&nr_bdi_congested[sync]) == 0 ||
> + if (atomic_read(&nr_wb_congested[sync]) == 0 ||
> !test_bit(ZONE_CONGESTED, &zone->flags)) {
> cond_resched();
>
> --
> 2.4.0
>
--
Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
SUSE Labs, CR
next prev parent reply other threads:[~2015-06-30 14:50 UTC|newest]
Thread overview: 131+ messages / expand[flat|nested] mbox.gz Atom feed top
2015-05-22 21:13 [PATCHSET 1/3 v4 block/for-4.2/core] writeback: cgroup writeback support Tejun Heo
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 01/51] page_writeback: revive cancel_dirty_page() in a restricted form Tejun Heo
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 02/51] memcg: add per cgroup dirty page accounting Tejun Heo
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 03/51] blkcg: move block/blk-cgroup.h to include/linux/blk-cgroup.h Tejun Heo
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 04/51] update !CONFIG_BLK_CGROUP dummies in include/linux/blk-cgroup.h Tejun Heo
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 05/51] blkcg: always create the blkcg_gq for the root blkcg Tejun Heo
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 06/51] memcg: add mem_cgroup_root_css Tejun Heo
2015-06-17 14:56 ` Michal Hocko
[not found] ` <20150617145642.GI25056-2MMpYkNvuYDjFM9bn6wA6Q@public.gmane.org>
2015-06-17 18:25 ` Tejun Heo
[not found] ` <20150617182500.GI22637-qYNAdHglDFBN0TnZuCh8vA@public.gmane.org>
2015-06-18 11:12 ` Michal Hocko
2015-06-18 17:49 ` Tejun Heo
[not found] ` <20150618174930.GA12934-qYNAdHglDFBN0TnZuCh8vA@public.gmane.org>
2015-06-19 9:18 ` Michal Hocko
[not found] ` <20150619091848.GE4913-2MMpYkNvuYDjFM9bn6wA6Q@public.gmane.org>
2015-06-19 15:17 ` Tejun Heo
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 07/51] blkcg: add blkcg_root_css Tejun Heo
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 08/51] cgroup, block: implement task_get_css() and use it in bio_associate_current() Tejun Heo
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 09/51] blkcg: implement task_get_blkcg_css() Tejun Heo
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 10/51] blkcg: implement bio_associate_blkcg() Tejun Heo
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 11/51] memcg: implement mem_cgroup_css_from_page() Tejun Heo
[not found] ` <1432329245-5844-12-git-send-email-tj-DgEjT+Ai2ygdnm+yROfE0A@public.gmane.org>
2015-05-22 23:28 ` Johannes Weiner
2015-05-24 21:24 ` Tejun Heo
[not found] ` <20150524212440.GD7099-piEFEHQLUPpN0TnZuCh8vA@public.gmane.org>
2015-05-27 12:58 ` Johannes Weiner
2015-05-27 16:13 ` [PATCH v2 " Tejun Heo
2015-05-27 17:09 ` Johannes Weiner
[not found] ` <20150527170955.GA25324-druUgvl0LCNAfugRpC6u6w@public.gmane.org>
2015-05-27 17:48 ` Tejun Heo
2015-05-27 17:57 ` [PATCH v3 " Tejun Heo
2015-05-28 0:00 ` [PATCH v4 " Tejun Heo
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 12/51] writeback: move backing_dev_info->state into bdi_writeback Tejun Heo
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 13/51] writeback: move backing_dev_info->bdi_stat[] " Tejun Heo
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 14/51] writeback: move bandwidth related fields from backing_dev_info " Tejun Heo
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 15/51] writeback: s/bdi/wb/ in mm/page-writeback.c Tejun Heo
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 16/51] writeback: move backing_dev_info->wb_lock and ->worklist into bdi_writeback Tejun Heo
2015-06-07 0:49 ` Sasha Levin
2015-06-08 5:57 ` [PATCH block/for-4.2-writeback] v9fs: fix error handling in v9fs_session_init() Tejun Heo
2015-06-08 15:10 ` Jens Axboe
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 17/51] writeback: reorganize mm/backing-dev.c Tejun Heo
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 18/51] writeback: separate out include/linux/backing-dev-defs.h Tejun Heo
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 19/51] bdi: make inode_to_bdi() inline Tejun Heo
2015-06-30 6:47 ` Jan Kara
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 20/51] writeback: add @gfp to wb_init() Tejun Heo
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 21/51] bdi: separate out congested state into a separate struct Tejun Heo
2015-06-30 9:21 ` Jan Kara
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 22/51] writeback: add {CONFIG|BDI_CAP|FS}_CGROUP_WRITEBACK Tejun Heo
2015-06-30 9:37 ` Jan Kara
2015-07-02 1:10 ` Tejun Heo
2015-07-03 10:49 ` Jan Kara
2015-07-03 17:14 ` Tejun Heo
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 23/51] writeback: make backing_dev_info host cgroup-specific bdi_writebacks Tejun Heo
2015-06-30 10:14 ` Jan Kara
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 24/51] writeback, blkcg: associate each blkcg_gq with the corresponding bdi_writeback_congested Tejun Heo
[not found] ` <1432329245-5844-25-git-send-email-tj-DgEjT+Ai2ygdnm+yROfE0A@public.gmane.org>
2015-06-30 9:08 ` Jan Kara
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 25/51] writeback: attribute stats to the matching per-cgroup bdi_writeback Tejun Heo
[not found] ` <1432329245-5844-26-git-send-email-tj-DgEjT+Ai2ygdnm+yROfE0A@public.gmane.org>
2015-06-30 14:17 ` Jan Kara
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 26/51] writeback: let balance_dirty_pages() work on the matching cgroup bdi_writeback Tejun Heo
2015-06-30 14:31 ` Jan Kara
2015-07-02 1:26 ` Tejun Heo
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 27/51] writeback: make congestion functions per bdi_writeback Tejun Heo
2015-06-30 14:50 ` Jan Kara [this message]
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 28/51] writeback, blkcg: restructure blk_{set|clear}_queue_congested() Tejun Heo
[not found] ` <1432329245-5844-29-git-send-email-tj-DgEjT+Ai2ygdnm+yROfE0A@public.gmane.org>
2015-06-30 15:02 ` Jan Kara
2015-07-02 1:38 ` Tejun Heo
[not found] ` <20150702013815.GE26440-qYNAdHglDFBN0TnZuCh8vA@public.gmane.org>
2015-07-03 12:16 ` Jan Kara
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 29/51] writeback, blkcg: propagate non-root blkcg congestion state Tejun Heo
2015-06-30 15:03 ` Jan Kara
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 30/51] writeback: implement and use inode_congested() Tejun Heo
2015-06-30 15:21 ` Jan Kara
2015-07-02 1:46 ` Tejun Heo
2015-07-03 12:17 ` Jan Kara
[not found] ` <20150703121721.GJ23329-+0h/O2h83AeN3ZZ/Hiejyg@public.gmane.org>
2015-07-03 17:07 ` Tejun Heo
2015-07-04 15:12 ` [PATCH block/for-4.3] writeback: explain why @inode is allowed to be NULL for inode_congested() Tejun Heo
2015-07-08 8:12 ` Jan Kara
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 31/51] writeback: implement WB_has_dirty_io wb_state flag Tejun Heo
2015-06-30 15:42 ` Jan Kara
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 32/51] writeback: implement backing_dev_info->tot_write_bandwidth Tejun Heo
[not found] ` <1432329245-5844-33-git-send-email-tj-DgEjT+Ai2ygdnm+yROfE0A@public.gmane.org>
2015-06-30 16:14 ` Jan Kara
2015-06-30 16:42 ` Jan Kara
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 33/51] writeback: make bdi_has_dirty_io() take multiple bdi_writeback's into account Tejun Heo
2015-06-30 16:48 ` Jan Kara
[not found] ` <20150630164824.GU7252-+0h/O2h83AeN3ZZ/Hiejyg@public.gmane.org>
2015-07-02 2:01 ` Tejun Heo
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 34/51] writeback: don't issue wb_writeback_work if clean Tejun Heo
[not found] ` <1432329245-5844-35-git-send-email-tj-DgEjT+Ai2ygdnm+yROfE0A@public.gmane.org>
2015-06-30 16:18 ` Jan Kara
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 35/51] writeback: make bdi->min/max_ratio handling cgroup writeback aware Tejun Heo
[not found] ` <1432329245-5844-36-git-send-email-tj-DgEjT+Ai2ygdnm+yROfE0A@public.gmane.org>
2015-07-01 7:00 ` Jan Kara
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 36/51] writeback: implement bdi_for_each_wb() Tejun Heo
[not found] ` <1432329245-5844-37-git-send-email-tj-DgEjT+Ai2ygdnm+yROfE0A@public.gmane.org>
2015-07-01 7:27 ` Jan Kara
2015-07-02 2:22 ` Tejun Heo
[not found] ` <20150702022226.GH26440-qYNAdHglDFBN0TnZuCh8vA@public.gmane.org>
2015-07-03 12:26 ` Jan Kara
2015-07-03 17:06 ` Tejun Heo
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 37/51] writeback: remove bdi_start_writeback() Tejun Heo
[not found] ` <1432329245-5844-38-git-send-email-tj-DgEjT+Ai2ygdnm+yROfE0A@public.gmane.org>
2015-07-01 7:30 ` Jan Kara
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 38/51] writeback: make laptop_mode_timer_fn() handle multiple bdi_writeback's Tejun Heo
[not found] ` <1432329245-5844-39-git-send-email-tj-DgEjT+Ai2ygdnm+yROfE0A@public.gmane.org>
2015-07-01 7:32 ` Jan Kara
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 39/51] writeback: make writeback_in_progress() take bdi_writeback instead of backing_dev_info Tejun Heo
[not found] ` <1432329245-5844-40-git-send-email-tj-DgEjT+Ai2ygdnm+yROfE0A@public.gmane.org>
2015-07-01 7:47 ` Jan Kara
2015-07-02 2:28 ` Tejun Heo
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 40/51] writeback: make bdi_start_background_writeback() " Tejun Heo
2015-07-01 7:50 ` Jan Kara
2015-07-02 2:29 ` Tejun Heo
[not found] ` <20150701075009.GA7252-+0h/O2h83AeN3ZZ/Hiejyg@public.gmane.org>
2015-07-06 19:36 ` [PATCH block/for-4.3] writeback: update writeback tracepoints to report cgroup Tejun Heo
2015-07-08 8:17 ` Jan Kara
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 41/51] writeback: make wakeup_flusher_threads() handle multiple bdi_writeback's Tejun Heo
2015-07-01 8:15 ` Jan Kara
2015-07-02 2:37 ` Tejun Heo
2015-07-03 13:02 ` Jan Kara
[not found] ` <20150703130213.GM23329-+0h/O2h83AeN3ZZ/Hiejyg@public.gmane.org>
2015-07-03 16:33 ` Tejun Heo
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 42/51] writeback: make wakeup_dirtytime_writeback() " Tejun Heo
2015-07-01 8:20 ` Jan Kara
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 43/51] writeback: add wb_writeback_work->auto_free Tejun Heo
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 44/51] writeback: implement bdi_wait_for_completion() Tejun Heo
[not found] ` <1432329245-5844-45-git-send-email-tj-DgEjT+Ai2ygdnm+yROfE0A@public.gmane.org>
2015-07-01 16:04 ` Jan Kara
2015-07-02 3:06 ` Tejun Heo
2015-07-03 12:36 ` Jan Kara
2015-07-03 17:02 ` Tejun Heo
2015-07-01 16:09 ` Jan Kara
[not found] ` <20150701160918.GH7252-+0h/O2h83AeN3ZZ/Hiejyg@public.gmane.org>
2015-07-02 3:01 ` Tejun Heo
2015-05-22 21:13 ` [PATCH 45/51] writeback: implement wb_wait_for_single_work() Tejun Heo
2015-07-01 19:07 ` Jan Kara
2015-07-02 3:07 ` Tejun Heo
2015-07-03 22:12 ` [PATCH block/for-4.3] writeback: remove wb_writeback_work->single_wait/done Tejun Heo
2015-07-08 8:24 ` Jan Kara
2015-05-22 21:14 ` [PATCH 46/51] writeback: restructure try_writeback_inodes_sb[_nr]() Tejun Heo
2015-05-22 21:14 ` [PATCH 47/51] writeback: make writeback initiation functions handle multiple bdi_writeback's Tejun Heo
2015-05-22 21:14 ` [PATCH 48/51] writeback: dirty inodes against their matching cgroup bdi_writeback's Tejun Heo
[not found] ` <1432329245-5844-49-git-send-email-tj-DgEjT+Ai2ygdnm+yROfE0A@public.gmane.org>
2015-07-01 19:16 ` Jan Kara
2015-05-22 21:14 ` [PATCH 49/51] buffer, writeback: make __block_write_full_page() honor cgroup writeback Tejun Heo
2015-07-01 19:21 ` Jan Kara
[not found] ` <20150701192102.GK7252-+0h/O2h83AeN3ZZ/Hiejyg@public.gmane.org>
2015-07-01 19:28 ` Jan Kara
2015-05-22 21:14 ` [PATCH 50/51] mpage: make __mpage_writepage() " Tejun Heo
2015-07-01 19:26 ` Jan Kara
2015-05-22 21:14 ` [PATCH 51/51] ext2: enable cgroup writeback support Tejun Heo
2015-07-01 19:29 ` Jan Kara
2015-07-02 3:08 ` Tejun Heo
Reply instructions:
You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:
* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
and reply-to-all from there: mbox
Avoid top-posting and favor interleaved quoting:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style#Interleaved_style
* Reply using the --to, --cc, and --in-reply-to
switches of git-send-email(1):
git send-email \
--in-reply-to=20150630145041.GM7252@quack.suse.cz \
--to=jack@suse.cz \
--cc=axboe@kernel.dk \
--cc=cgroups@vger.kernel.org \
--cc=clm@fb.com \
--cc=david@fromorbit.com \
--cc=fengguang.wu@intel.com \
--cc=gthelen@google.com \
--cc=hannes@cmpxchg.org \
--cc=hch@infradead.org \
--cc=khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru \
--cc=linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org \
--cc=linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org \
--cc=linux-mm@kvack.org \
--cc=lizefan@huawei.com \
--cc=mhocko@suse.cz \
--cc=tj@kernel.org \
--cc=vgoyal@redhat.com \
/path/to/YOUR_REPLY
https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-send-email.html
* If your mail client supports setting the In-Reply-To header
via mailto: links, try the mailto: link
Be sure your reply has a Subject: header at the top and a blank line
before the message body.
This is a public inbox, see mirroring instructions
for how to clone and mirror all data and code used for this inbox;
as well as URLs for NNTP newsgroup(s).