[PATCH v6.1 11/11] xfs: add media verification ioctl

["Darrick J. Wong" <djwong@kernel.org>]

From: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>

Add a new privileged ioctl so that xfs_scrub can ask the kernel to
verify the media of the devices backing an xfs filesystem, and have any
resulting media errors reported to fsnotify and xfs_healer.

To accomplish this, the kernel allocates a folio between the base page
size and 1MB, and issues read IOs to a gradually incrementing range of
one of the storage devices underlying an xfs filesystem.  If any error
occurs, that raw error is reported to the calling process.  If the error
happens to be one of the ones that the kernel considers indicative of
data loss, then it will also be reported to xfs_healthmon and fsnotify.

Driving the verification from the kernel enables xfs (and by extension
xfs_scrub) to have precise control over the size and error handling of
IOs that are issued to the underlying block device, and to emit
notifications about problems to other relevant kernel subsystems
immediately.

Note that the caller is also allowed to reduce the size of the IO and
to ask for a relaxation period after each IO.

Signed-off-by: "Darrick J. Wong" <djwong@kernel.org>
---
v6.1: improve commit message, clarify comments about error handling,
      and reuse the bio instead of repeatedly allocating new ones
---
 fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_fs.h    |   30 +++
 fs/xfs/xfs_trace.h        |   98 ++++++++++
 fs/xfs/xfs_verify_media.h |   13 +
 fs/xfs/Makefile           |    1 
 fs/xfs/xfs_ioctl.c        |    3 
 fs/xfs/xfs_verify_media.c |  445 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 6 files changed, 590 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 fs/xfs/xfs_verify_media.h
 create mode 100644 fs/xfs/xfs_verify_media.c

diff --git a/fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_fs.h b/fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_fs.h
index a01303c5de6ce6..d165de607d179e 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_fs.h
+++ b/fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_fs.h
@@ -1160,6 +1160,34 @@ struct xfs_health_file_on_monitored_fs {
 	__u32		flags;	/* zero for now */
 };
 
+/* Verify the media of the underlying devices */
+struct xfs_verify_media {
+	__u32	me_dev;		/* I: XFS_DEV_{DATA,LOG,RT} */
+	__u32	me_flags;	/* I: XFS_VERIFY_MEDIA_* */
+
+	/*
+	 * IO: inclusive start of disk range to verify, in 512b blocks.
+	 * Will be adjusted upwards as media verification succeeds.
+	 */
+	__u64	me_start_daddr;
+
+	/*
+	 * IO: exclusive end of the disk range to verify, in 512b blocks.
+	 * Can be adjusted downwards to match device size.
+	 */
+	__u64	me_end_daddr;
+
+	__u32	me_ioerror;	/* O: I/O error (positive) */
+	__u32	me_max_io_size;	/* I: maximum IO size in bytes */
+
+	__u32	me_rest_us;	/* I: rest time between IOs, usecs */
+	__u32	me_pad;		/* zero */
+};
+
+#define XFS_VERIFY_MEDIA_REPORT	(1 << 0)	/* report to fsnotify */
+
+#define XFS_VERIFY_MEDIA_FLAGS	(XFS_VERIFY_MEDIA_REPORT)
+
 /*
  * ioctl commands that are used by Linux filesystems
  */
@@ -1202,6 +1230,8 @@ struct xfs_health_file_on_monitored_fs {
 #define XFS_IOC_HEALTH_MONITOR	_IOW ('X', 68, struct xfs_health_monitor)
 #define XFS_IOC_HEALTH_FD_ON_MONITORED_FS \
 				_IOW ('X', 69, struct xfs_health_file_on_monitored_fs)
+#define XFS_IOC_VERIFY_MEDIA	_IOWR('X', 70, struct xfs_verify_media)
+
 /*
  * ioctl commands that replace IRIX syssgi()'s
  */
diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_trace.h b/fs/xfs/xfs_trace.h
index 0cf4877753584f..3483461cf46255 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/xfs_trace.h
+++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_trace.h
@@ -6320,6 +6320,104 @@ TRACE_EVENT(xfs_healthmon_report_file_ioerror,
 		  __entry->error)
 );
 
+TRACE_EVENT(xfs_verify_media,
+	TP_PROTO(const struct xfs_mount *mp, const struct xfs_verify_media *me,
+		 dev_t fdev, xfs_daddr_t daddr, uint64_t bbcount,
+		 const struct folio *folio),
+	TP_ARGS(mp, me, fdev, daddr, bbcount, folio),
+	TP_STRUCT__entry(
+		__field(dev_t, dev)
+		__field(dev_t, fdev)
+		__field(xfs_daddr_t, start_daddr)
+		__field(xfs_daddr_t, end_daddr)
+		__field(unsigned int, flags)
+		__field(xfs_daddr_t, daddr)
+		__field(uint64_t, bbcount)
+		__field(unsigned int, bufsize)
+	),
+	TP_fast_assign(
+		__entry->dev = mp->m_ddev_targp->bt_dev;
+		__entry->fdev = fdev;
+		__entry->start_daddr = me->me_start_daddr;
+		__entry->end_daddr = me->me_end_daddr;
+		__entry->flags = me->me_flags;
+		__entry->daddr = daddr;
+		__entry->bbcount = bbcount;
+		__entry->bufsize = folio_size(folio);
+	),
+	TP_printk("dev %d:%d fdev %d:%d start_daddr 0x%llx end_daddr 0x%llx flags 0x%x daddr 0x%llx bbcount 0x%llx bufsize 0x%x",
+		  MAJOR(__entry->dev), MINOR(__entry->dev),
+		  MAJOR(__entry->fdev), MINOR(__entry->fdev),
+		  __entry->start_daddr,
+		  __entry->end_daddr,
+		  __entry->flags,
+		  __entry->daddr,
+		  __entry->bbcount,
+		  __entry->bufsize)
+);
+
+TRACE_EVENT(xfs_verify_media_end,
+	TP_PROTO(const struct xfs_mount *mp, const struct xfs_verify_media *me,
+		 dev_t fdev),
+	TP_ARGS(mp, me, fdev),
+	TP_STRUCT__entry(
+		__field(dev_t, dev)
+		__field(dev_t, fdev)
+		__field(xfs_daddr_t, start_daddr)
+		__field(xfs_daddr_t, end_daddr)
+		__field(int, ioerror)
+	),
+	TP_fast_assign(
+		__entry->dev = mp->m_ddev_targp->bt_dev;
+		__entry->fdev = fdev;
+		__entry->start_daddr = me->me_start_daddr;
+		__entry->end_daddr = me->me_end_daddr;
+		__entry->ioerror = me->me_ioerror;
+	),
+	TP_printk("dev %d:%d fdev %d:%d start_daddr 0x%llx end_daddr 0x%llx ioerror %d",
+		  MAJOR(__entry->dev), MINOR(__entry->dev),
+		  MAJOR(__entry->fdev), MINOR(__entry->fdev),
+		  __entry->start_daddr,
+		  __entry->end_daddr,
+		  __entry->ioerror)
+);
+
+TRACE_EVENT(xfs_verify_media_error,
+	TP_PROTO(const struct xfs_mount *mp, const struct xfs_verify_media *me,
+		 dev_t fdev, xfs_daddr_t daddr, uint64_t bbcount,
+		 blk_status_t status),
+	TP_ARGS(mp, me, fdev, daddr, bbcount, status),
+	TP_STRUCT__entry(
+		__field(dev_t, dev)
+		__field(dev_t, fdev)
+		__field(xfs_daddr_t, start_daddr)
+		__field(xfs_daddr_t, end_daddr)
+		__field(unsigned int, flags)
+		__field(xfs_daddr_t, daddr)
+		__field(uint64_t, bbcount)
+		__field(int, error)
+	),
+	TP_fast_assign(
+		__entry->dev = mp->m_ddev_targp->bt_dev;
+		__entry->fdev = fdev;
+		__entry->start_daddr = me->me_start_daddr;
+		__entry->end_daddr = me->me_end_daddr;
+		__entry->flags = me->me_flags;
+		__entry->daddr = daddr;
+		__entry->bbcount = bbcount;
+		__entry->error = blk_status_to_errno(status);
+	),
+	TP_printk("dev %d:%d fdev %d:%d start_daddr 0x%llx end_daddr 0x%llx flags 0x%x daddr 0x%llx bbcount 0x%llx error %d",
+		  MAJOR(__entry->dev), MINOR(__entry->dev),
+		  MAJOR(__entry->fdev), MINOR(__entry->fdev),
+		  __entry->start_daddr,
+		  __entry->end_daddr,
+		  __entry->flags,
+		  __entry->daddr,
+		  __entry->bbcount,
+		  __entry->error)
+);
+
 #endif /* _TRACE_XFS_H */
 
 #undef TRACE_INCLUDE_PATH
diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_verify_media.h b/fs/xfs/xfs_verify_media.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..dc6eee9c88636b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_verify_media.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.
+ * Author: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
+ */
+#ifndef __XFS_VERIFY_MEDIA_H__
+#define __XFS_VERIFY_MEDIA_H__
+
+struct xfs_verify_media;
+int xfs_ioc_verify_media(struct file *file,
+		struct xfs_verify_media __user *arg);
+
+#endif /* __XFS_VERIFY_MEDIA_H__ */
diff --git a/fs/xfs/Makefile b/fs/xfs/Makefile
index d14f5ae2b980fe..7eadc263f728a2 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/Makefile
+++ b/fs/xfs/Makefile
@@ -197,6 +197,7 @@ xfs-y				+= xfs_aops.o \
 				   xfs_symlink.o \
 				   xfs_sysfs.o \
 				   xfs_trans.o \
+				   xfs_verify_media.o \
 				   xfs_xattr.o
 
 # low-level transaction/log code
diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_ioctl.c b/fs/xfs/xfs_ioctl.c
index c04c41ca924e37..80a005999d2df3 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/xfs_ioctl.c
+++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_ioctl.c
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 #include "xfs_handle.h"
 #include "xfs_rtgroup.h"
 #include "xfs_healthmon.h"
+#include "xfs_verify_media.h"
 
 #include <linux/mount.h>
 #include <linux/fileattr.h>
@@ -1422,6 +1423,8 @@ xfs_file_ioctl(
 
 	case XFS_IOC_HEALTH_MONITOR:
 		return xfs_ioc_health_monitor(filp, arg);
+	case XFS_IOC_VERIFY_MEDIA:
+		return xfs_ioc_verify_media(filp, arg);
 
 	default:
 		return -ENOTTY;
diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_verify_media.c b/fs/xfs/xfs_verify_media.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..f4f620c98d92ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_verify_media.c
@@ -0,0 +1,445 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.
+ * Author: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
+ */
+#include "xfs.h"
+#include "xfs_shared.h"
+#include "xfs_format.h"
+#include "xfs_log_format.h"
+#include "xfs_trans_resv.h"
+#include "xfs_mount.h"
+#include "xfs_bit.h"
+#include "xfs_btree.h"
+#include "xfs_inode.h"
+#include "xfs_icache.h"
+#include "xfs_trans.h"
+#include "xfs_alloc.h"
+#include "xfs_ag.h"
+#include "xfs_rmap.h"
+#include "xfs_rmap_btree.h"
+#include "xfs_rtgroup.h"
+#include "xfs_rtrmap_btree.h"
+#include "xfs_health.h"
+#include "xfs_healthmon.h"
+#include "xfs_trace.h"
+#include "xfs_verify_media.h"
+
+#include <linux/fserror.h>
+
+struct xfs_group_data_lost {
+	xfs_agblock_t		startblock;
+	xfs_extlen_t		blockcount;
+};
+
+/* Report lost file data from rmap records */
+static int
+xfs_verify_report_data_lost(
+	struct xfs_btree_cur		*cur,
+	const struct xfs_rmap_irec	*rec,
+	void				*data)
+{
+	struct xfs_mount		*mp = cur->bc_mp;
+	struct xfs_inode		*ip;
+	struct xfs_group_data_lost	*lost = data;
+	xfs_fileoff_t			fileoff = rec->rm_offset;
+	xfs_extlen_t			blocks = rec->rm_blockcount;
+	const bool			is_attr =
+			(rec->rm_flags & XFS_RMAP_ATTR_FORK);
+	const xfs_agblock_t		lost_end =
+			lost->startblock + lost->blockcount;
+	const xfs_agblock_t		rmap_end =
+			rec->rm_startblock + rec->rm_blockcount;
+	int				error = 0;
+
+	if (XFS_RMAP_NON_INODE_OWNER(rec->rm_owner))
+	       return 0;
+
+	error = xfs_iget(mp, cur->bc_tp, rec->rm_owner, 0, 0, &ip);
+	if (error)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (rec->rm_flags & XFS_RMAP_BMBT_BLOCK) {
+		xfs_bmap_mark_sick(ip, is_attr ? XFS_ATTR_FORK : XFS_DATA_FORK);
+		goto out_rele;
+	}
+
+	if (is_attr) {
+		xfs_inode_mark_sick(ip, XFS_SICK_INO_XATTR);
+		goto out_rele;
+	}
+
+	if (lost->startblock > rec->rm_startblock) {
+		fileoff += lost->startblock - rec->rm_startblock;
+		blocks -= lost->startblock - rec->rm_startblock;
+	}
+	if (rmap_end > lost_end)
+		blocks -= rmap_end - lost_end;
+
+	fserror_report_data_lost(VFS_I(ip), XFS_FSB_TO_B(mp, fileoff),
+			XFS_FSB_TO_B(mp, blocks), GFP_NOFS);
+
+out_rele:
+	xfs_irele(ip);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* Walk reverse mappings to look for all file data loss */
+static int
+xfs_verify_report_losses(
+	struct xfs_mount	*mp,
+	enum xfs_group_type	type,
+	xfs_daddr_t		daddr,
+	u64			bblen)
+{
+	struct xfs_group	*xg = NULL;
+	struct xfs_trans	*tp;
+	xfs_fsblock_t		start_bno, end_bno;
+	uint32_t		start_gno, end_gno;
+	int			error;
+
+	if (type == XG_TYPE_RTG) {
+		start_bno = xfs_daddr_to_rtb(mp, daddr);
+		end_bno = xfs_daddr_to_rtb(mp, daddr + bblen - 1);
+	} else {
+		start_bno = XFS_DADDR_TO_FSB(mp, daddr);
+		end_bno = XFS_DADDR_TO_FSB(mp, daddr + bblen - 1);
+	}
+
+	tp = xfs_trans_alloc_empty(mp);
+	start_gno = xfs_fsb_to_gno(mp, start_bno, type);
+	end_gno = xfs_fsb_to_gno(mp, end_bno, type);
+	while ((xg = xfs_group_next_range(mp, xg, start_gno, end_gno, type))) {
+		struct xfs_buf		*agf_bp = NULL;
+		struct xfs_rtgroup	*rtg = NULL;
+		struct xfs_btree_cur	*cur;
+		struct xfs_rmap_irec	ri_low = { };
+		struct xfs_rmap_irec	ri_high;
+		struct xfs_group_data_lost lost;
+
+		if (type == XG_TYPE_AG) {
+			struct xfs_perag	*pag = to_perag(xg);
+
+			error = xfs_alloc_read_agf(pag, tp, 0, &agf_bp);
+			if (error) {
+				xfs_perag_put(pag);
+				break;
+			}
+
+			cur = xfs_rmapbt_init_cursor(mp, tp, agf_bp, pag);
+		} else {
+			rtg = to_rtg(xg);
+			xfs_rtgroup_lock(rtg, XFS_RTGLOCK_RMAP);
+			cur = xfs_rtrmapbt_init_cursor(tp, rtg);
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Set the rmap range from ri_low to ri_high, which represents
+		 * a [start, end] where we looking for the files or metadata.
+		 */
+		memset(&ri_high, 0xFF, sizeof(ri_high));
+		if (xg->xg_gno == start_gno)
+			ri_low.rm_startblock =
+				xfs_fsb_to_gbno(mp, start_bno, type);
+		if (xg->xg_gno == end_gno)
+			ri_high.rm_startblock =
+				xfs_fsb_to_gbno(mp, end_bno, type);
+
+		lost.startblock = ri_low.rm_startblock;
+		lost.blockcount = min(xg->xg_block_count,
+				      ri_high.rm_startblock + 1) -
+							ri_low.rm_startblock;
+
+		error = xfs_rmap_query_range(cur, &ri_low, &ri_high,
+				xfs_verify_report_data_lost, &lost);
+		xfs_btree_del_cursor(cur, error);
+		if (agf_bp)
+			xfs_trans_brelse(tp, agf_bp);
+		if (rtg)
+			xfs_rtgroup_unlock(rtg, XFS_RTGLOCK_RMAP);
+		if (error) {
+			xfs_group_put(xg);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	xfs_trans_cancel(tp);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Compute the desired verify IO size.
+ *
+ * To minimize command overhead, we'd like to create bios that are 1MB, though
+ * we allow the user to ask for a smaller size.
+ */
+static unsigned int
+xfs_verify_iosize(
+	const struct xfs_verify_media	*me,
+	struct xfs_buftarg		*btp,
+	uint64_t			bbcount)
+{
+	unsigned int			iosize =
+			min_not_zero(SZ_1M, me->me_max_io_size);
+
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(BBSHIFT != SECTOR_SHIFT);
+	ASSERT(BBTOB(bbcount) >= bdev_logical_block_size(btp->bt_bdev));
+
+	return clamp(iosize, bdev_logical_block_size(btp->bt_bdev),
+			BBTOB(bbcount));
+}
+
+/* Allocate as much memory as we can get for verification buffer. */
+static struct folio *
+xfs_verify_alloc_folio(
+	const unsigned int	iosize)
+{
+	unsigned int		order = get_order(iosize);
+
+	while (order > 0) {
+		struct folio	*folio =
+			folio_alloc(GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NORETRY, order);
+
+		if (folio)
+			return folio;
+		order--;
+	}
+
+	return folio_alloc(GFP_KERNEL, 0);
+}
+
+/* Report any kind of problem verifying media */
+static void
+xfs_verify_media_error(
+	struct xfs_mount	*mp,
+	struct xfs_verify_media	*me,
+	struct xfs_buftarg	*btp,
+	xfs_daddr_t		daddr,
+	unsigned int		bio_bbcount,
+	blk_status_t		bio_status)
+{
+	trace_xfs_verify_media_error(mp, me, btp->bt_bdev->bd_dev, daddr,
+			bio_bbcount, bio_status);
+
+	/*
+	 * Pass any error, I/O or otherwise, up to the caller if we didn't
+	 * successfully verify any bytes at all.
+	 */
+	if (me->me_start_daddr == daddr)
+		me->me_ioerror = -blk_status_to_errno(bio_status);
+
+	/*
+	 * PI validation failures, medium errors, or general IO errors are
+	 * treated as indicators of data loss.  Everything else are (hopefully)
+	 * transient errors and are not reported to healthmon or fsnotify.
+	 */
+	switch (bio_status) {
+	case BLK_STS_PROTECTION:
+	case BLK_STS_IOERR:
+	case BLK_STS_MEDIUM:
+		break;
+	default:
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (!(me->me_flags & XFS_VERIFY_MEDIA_REPORT))
+		return;
+
+	xfs_healthmon_report_media(mp, me->me_dev, daddr, bio_bbcount);
+
+	if (!xfs_has_rmapbt(mp))
+		return;
+
+	switch (me->me_dev) {
+	case XFS_DEV_DATA:
+		xfs_verify_report_losses(mp, XG_TYPE_AG, daddr, bio_bbcount);
+		break;
+	case XFS_DEV_RT:
+		xfs_verify_report_losses(mp, XG_TYPE_RTG, daddr, bio_bbcount);
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+/* Verify the media of an xfs device by submitting read requests to the disk. */
+static int
+xfs_verify_media(
+	struct xfs_mount	*mp,
+	struct xfs_verify_media	*me)
+{
+	struct xfs_buftarg	*btp = NULL;
+	struct bio		*bio;
+	struct folio		*folio;
+	xfs_daddr_t		daddr;
+	uint64_t		bbcount;
+	int			error = 0;
+
+	me->me_ioerror = 0;
+
+	switch (me->me_dev) {
+	case XFS_DEV_DATA:
+		btp = mp->m_ddev_targp;
+		break;
+	case XFS_DEV_LOG:
+		if (mp->m_logdev_targp->bt_bdev != mp->m_ddev_targp->bt_bdev)
+			btp = mp->m_logdev_targp;
+		break;
+	case XFS_DEV_RT:
+		btp = mp->m_rtdev_targp;
+		break;
+	}
+	if (!btp)
+		return -ENODEV;
+
+	/*
+	 * If the caller told us to verify beyond the end of the disk, tell the
+	 * user exactly where that was.
+	 */
+	if (me->me_end_daddr > btp->bt_nr_sectors)
+		me->me_end_daddr = btp->bt_nr_sectors;
+
+	/* start and end have to be aligned to the lba size */
+	if (!IS_ALIGNED(BBTOB(me->me_start_daddr | me->me_end_daddr),
+			bdev_logical_block_size(btp->bt_bdev)))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/*
+	 * end_daddr is the exclusive end of the range, so if start_daddr
+	 * reaches there (or beyond), there's no work to be done.
+	 */
+	if (me->me_start_daddr >= me->me_end_daddr)
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * There are three ranges involved here:
+	 *
+	 *  - [me->me_start_daddr, me->me_end_daddr) is the range that the
+	 *    user wants to verify.  end_daddr can be beyond the end of the
+	 *    disk; we'll constrain it to the end if necessary.
+	 *
+	 *  - [daddr, me->me_end_daddr) is the range that we have not yet
+	 *    verified.  We update daddr after each successful read.
+	 *    me->me_start_daddr is set to daddr before returning.
+	 *
+	 *  - [daddr, daddr + bio_bbcount) is the range that we're currently
+	 *    verifying.
+	 */
+	daddr = me->me_start_daddr;
+	bbcount = min_t(sector_t, me->me_end_daddr, btp->bt_nr_sectors) -
+			  me->me_start_daddr;
+
+	folio = xfs_verify_alloc_folio(xfs_verify_iosize(me, btp, bbcount));
+	if (!folio)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	trace_xfs_verify_media(mp, me, btp->bt_bdev->bd_dev, daddr, bbcount,
+			folio);
+
+	bio = bio_alloc(btp->bt_bdev, 1, REQ_OP_READ, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!bio) {
+		error = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out_folio;
+	}
+
+	while (bbcount > 0) {
+		unsigned int	bio_bbcount;
+		blk_status_t	bio_status;
+
+		bio_reset(bio, btp->bt_bdev, REQ_OP_READ);
+		bio->bi_iter.bi_sector = daddr;
+		bio_add_folio_nofail(bio, folio,
+				min(bbcount << SECTOR_SHIFT, folio_size(folio)),
+				0);
+
+		/*
+		 * Save the length of the bio before we submit it, because we
+		 * need the original daddr and length for reporting IO errors
+		 * if the bio fails.
+		 */
+		bio_bbcount = bio->bi_iter.bi_size >> SECTOR_SHIFT;
+		submit_bio_wait(bio);
+		bio_status = bio->bi_status;
+		if (bio_status != BLK_STS_OK) {
+			xfs_verify_media_error(mp, me, btp, daddr, bio_bbcount,
+					bio_status);
+			error = 0;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		daddr += bio_bbcount;
+		bbcount -= bio_bbcount;
+
+		if (bbcount == 0)
+			break;
+
+		if (me->me_rest_us) {
+			ktime_t	expires;
+
+			expires = ktime_add_ns(ktime_get(),
+					me->me_rest_us * 1000);
+			set_current_state(TASK_KILLABLE);
+			schedule_hrtimeout(&expires, HRTIMER_MODE_ABS);
+		}
+
+		if (fatal_signal_pending(current)) {
+			error = -EINTR;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		cond_resched();
+	}
+
+	bio_put(bio);
+out_folio:
+	folio_put(folio);
+
+	if (error)
+		return error;
+
+	/*
+	 * Advance start_daddr to the end of what we verified if there wasn't
+	 * an operational error.
+	 */
+	me->me_start_daddr = daddr;
+	trace_xfs_verify_media_end(mp, me, btp->bt_bdev->bd_dev);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int
+xfs_ioc_verify_media(
+	struct file			*file,
+	struct xfs_verify_media __user	*arg)
+{
+	struct xfs_verify_media		me;
+	struct xfs_inode		*ip = XFS_I(file_inode(file));
+	struct xfs_mount		*mp = ip->i_mount;
+	int				error;
+
+	if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
+		return -EPERM;
+
+	if (copy_from_user(&me, arg, sizeof(me)))
+		return -EFAULT;
+
+	if (me.me_pad)
+		return -EINVAL;
+	if (me.me_flags & ~XFS_VERIFY_MEDIA_FLAGS)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	switch (me.me_dev) {
+	case XFS_DEV_DATA:
+	case XFS_DEV_LOG:
+	case XFS_DEV_RT:
+		break;
+	default:
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	error = xfs_verify_media(mp, &me);
+	if (error)
+		return error;
+
+	if (copy_to_user(arg, &me, sizeof(me)))
+		return -EFAULT;
+
+	return 0;
+}