> A folio read from a swap slot previously shared by KSM can remain in the
> swap cache after the process that first mapped it exits. Its anon_vma
> can then be freed, so ksm_might_need_to_copy() must not dereference it
> to compare roots.
> 
> Doing so can result in some false-positives, resulting in the reverse
> mapping missing the new folio mapping, preventing migration and reclaim.
> 
> SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU allows individual anon_vma objects to be reused
> immediately after freeing. A stale pointer can then refer to another
> anon_vma whose root matches, even though the target VMA is not linked
> to that anon_vma.
> 
> Move the anonymous rmap compatibility checks into
> folio_anon_rmap_compatible(). Keep the page-index check and compare the
> folio's anon_vma pointer against the VMA's own anon_vma and root first.
> 
> If neither matches, bite the bullet and walk the VMA's anon_vma_chain.
> The VMA keeps these anon_vmas alive, and finding a match guarantees that
> reverse mapping can find the new mapping.
> 
> Lorenzo Stoakes says in a private discussion:
> 
>   "This isn't quite equivalent to the existing check.
> 
>   Every anon_vma in an anon_vma_chain shares the same root, but if you
>   split a VMA then fork both of them like this:
> 
>                   VMA A
>                /        \         <split>
>             VMA B      VMA C
>                \        /
>         root <- anon_vma 1
>                ----^ ^----        <fork>
>               /   parent  \
>         anon_vma 2   anon_vma 3
>              |            |
>            VMA D        VMA E
> 
>   VMA's D and E both get their own new
>   anon_vma's such that:
> 
>   VMA D: anon_vma 2 -> anon_vma 1 -> root
>   VMA E: anon_vma 3 -> anon_vma 1 -> root
> 
>   And if you found a folio referencing anon_vma 2, the existing check:
> 
> 	anon_vma->root == vma->anon-vma->root
> 
>   Would be true for VMA's B, C, D & E.
> 
>   However after your change it'd be true for VMA D only, as it's the only
>   one with anon_vma 2 in its anon_vma_chain.
> 
>   Whether or not that could actually happen in practice... 🙂 I don't
>   know.
> 
>   [...] after your change it'd be true for VMA D only, as it's the only
>   one with anon_vma 2 in its anon_vma_chain. [...] I would [...] say that
>   you are making the test stricter but more correct.
> "
> 
> If this affects performance when KSM was never even involved, we could
> just track whether KSM ever merged anything and just skip these checks.
> 
> There isn't really a lot we can do otherwise: for mapped folios we might
> be able to use folio_get_anon_vma(), but for unmapped folios there really
> is no easy way to see if the anon_vma is still valid.
> 
> Document the (confusing) lifetime requirements of folio_anon_vma().
> 
> Fixes: ba6f0ff3981e ("ksm: fix ksm swapin time optimization")
> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
> Reported-by: Chris Mason <mason@kernel.org>
> Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM) <ljs@kernel.org>
> Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org>
> ---
>  mm/ksm.c  | 36 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
>  mm/util.c | 13 +++++++++++++
>  2 files changed, 44 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

Acked-by: Xu Xin <xu.xin@linux.dev>