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[69.131.148.49]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id 00721157ae682-79a9057eb44sm56807347b3.41.2026.03.23.05.19.08 (version=TLS1_3 cipher=TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 bits=128/128); Mon, 23 Mar 2026 05:19:09 -0700 (PDT) Message-ID: <9943c808-9a74-4ea0-b17c-5c98d66c7fbd@gmail.com> Date: Mon, 23 Mar 2026 08:19:03 -0400 Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 User-Agent: Mozilla Thunderbird Subject: Re: [Lsf-pc] [LSF/MM/BPF TOPIC] Where is fuse going? API cleanup, restructuring and more To: Gao Xiang , Jan Kara Cc: "Darrick J. Wong" , Miklos Szeredi , linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org, Joanne Koong , John Groves , Bernd Schubert , Amir Goldstein , Luis Henriques , Horst Birthelmer , Gao Xiang , lsf-pc@lists.linux-foundation.org References: <20260206053835.GD7693@frogsfrogsfrogs> <20260221004752.GE11076@frogsfrogsfrogs> <7de8630d-b6f5-406e-809a-bc2a2d945afb@linux.alibaba.com> <20260318215140.GL1742010@frogsfrogsfrogs> <361d312b-9706-45ca-8943-b655a75c765b@gmail.com> <390cd031-742b-4f1b-99c4-8ee41a259744@linux.alibaba.com> <0b6d72a6-24d3-4558-81dc-d193828f6bc4@gmail.com> Content-Language: en-US From: Demi Marie Obenour Autocrypt: addr=demiobenour@gmail.com; keydata= xsFNBFp+A0oBEADffj6anl9/BHhUSxGTICeVl2tob7hPDdhHNgPR4C8xlYt5q49yB+l2nipd aq+4Gk6FZfqC825TKl7eRpUjMriwle4r3R0ydSIGcy4M6eb0IcxmuPYfbWpr/si88QKgyGSV Z7GeNW1UnzTdhYHuFlk8dBSmB1fzhEYEk0RcJqg4AKoq6/3/UorR+FaSuVwT7rqzGrTlscnT DlPWgRzrQ3jssesI7sZLm82E3pJSgaUoCdCOlL7MMPCJwI8JpPlBedRpe9tfVyfu3euTPLPx wcV3L/cfWPGSL4PofBtB8NUU6QwYiQ9Hzx4xOyn67zW73/G0Q2vPPRst8LBDqlxLjbtx/WLR 6h3nBc3eyuZ+q62HS1pJ5EvUT1vjyJ1ySrqtUXWQ4XlZyoEFUfpJxJoN0A9HCxmHGVckzTRl 5FMWo8TCniHynNXsBtDQbabt7aNEOaAJdE7to0AH3T/Bvwzcp0ZJtBk0EM6YeMLtotUut7h2 Bkg1b//r6bTBswMBXVJ5H44Qf0+eKeUg7whSC9qpYOzzrm7+0r9F5u3qF8ZTx55TJc2g656C 9a1P1MYVysLvkLvS4H+crmxA/i08Tc1h+x9RRvqba4lSzZ6/Tmt60DPM5Sc4R0nSm9BBff0N m0bSNRS8InXdO1Aq3362QKX2NOwcL5YaStwODNyZUqF7izjK4QARAQABzTxEZW1pIE1hcmll IE9iZW5vdXIgKGxvdmVyIG9mIGNvZGluZykgPGRlbWlvYmVub3VyQGdtYWlsLmNvbT7CwXgE EwECACIFAlp+A0oCGwMGCwkIBwMCBhUIAgkKCwQWAgMBAh4BAheAAAoJELKItV//nCLBhr8Q AK/xrb4wyi71xII2hkFBpT59ObLN+32FQT7R3lbZRjVFjc6yMUjOb1H/hJVxx+yo5gsSj5LS 9AwggioUSrcUKldfA/PKKai2mzTlUDxTcF3vKx6iMXKA6AqwAw4B57ZEJoMM6egm57TV19kz PMc879NV2nc6+elaKl+/kbVeD3qvBuEwsTe2Do3HAAdrfUG/j9erwIk6gha/Hp9yZlCnPTX+ VK+xifQqt8RtMqS5R/S8z0msJMI/ajNU03kFjOpqrYziv6OZLJ5cuKb3bZU5aoaRQRDzkFIR 6aqtFLTohTo20QywXwRa39uFaOT/0YMpNyel0kdOszFOykTEGI2u+kja35g9TkH90kkBTG+a EWttIht0Hy6YFmwjcAxisSakBuHnHuMSOiyRQLu43ej2+mDWgItLZ48Mu0C3IG1seeQDjEYP tqvyZ6bGkf2Vj+L6wLoLLIhRZxQOedqArIk/Sb2SzQYuxN44IDRt+3ZcDqsPppoKcxSyd1Ny 2tpvjYJXlfKmOYLhTWs8nwlAlSHX/c/jz/ywwf7eSvGknToo1Y0VpRtoxMaKW1nvH0OeCSVJ itfRP7YbiRVc2aNqWPCSgtqHAuVraBRbAFLKh9d2rKFB3BmynTUpc1BQLJP8+D5oNyb8Ts4x Xd3iV/uD8JLGJfYZIR7oGWFLP4uZ3tkneDfYzsFNBFp+A0oBEAC9ynZI9LU+uJkMeEJeJyQ/ 8VFkCJQPQZEsIGzOTlPnwvVna0AS86n2Z+rK7R/usYs5iJCZ55/JISWd8xD57ue0eB47bcJv VqGlObI2DEG8TwaW0O0duRhDgzMEL4t1KdRAepIESBEA/iPpI4gfUbVEIEQuqdqQyO4GAe+M kD0Hy5JH/0qgFmbaSegNTdQg5iqYjRZ3ttiswalql1/iSyv1WYeC1OAs+2BLOAT2NEggSiVO txEfgewsQtCWi8H1SoirakIfo45Hz0tk/Ad9ZWh2PvOGt97Ka85o4TLJxgJJqGEnqcFUZnJJ riwoaRIS8N2C8/nEM53jb1sH0gYddMU3QxY7dYNLIUrRKQeNkF30dK7V6JRH7pleRlf+wQcN fRAIUrNlatj9TxwivQrKnC9aIFFHEy/0mAgtrQShcMRmMgVlRoOA5B8RTulRLCmkafvwuhs6 dCxN0GNAORIVVFxjx9Vn7OqYPgwiofZ6SbEl0hgPyWBQvE85klFLZLoj7p+joDY1XNQztmfA rnJ9x+YV4igjWImINAZSlmEcYtd+xy3Li/8oeYDAqrsnrOjb+WvGhCykJk4urBog2LNtcyCj kTs7F+WeXGUo0NDhbd3Z6AyFfqeF7uJ3D5hlpX2nI9no/ugPrrTVoVZAgrrnNz0iZG2DVx46 x913pVKHl5mlYQARAQABwsFfBBgBAgAJBQJafgNKAhsMAAoJELKItV//nCLBwNIP/AiIHE8b oIqReFQyaMzxq6lE4YZCZNj65B/nkDOvodSiwfwjjVVE2V3iEzxMHbgyTCGA67+Bo/d5aQGj gn0TPtsGzelyQHipaUzEyrsceUGWYoKXYyVWKEfyh0cDfnd9diAm3VeNqchtcMpoehETH8fr RHnJdBcjf112PzQSdKC6kqU0Q196c4Vp5HDOQfNiDnTf7gZSj0BraHOByy9LEDCLhQiCmr+2 E0rW4tBtDAn2HkT9uf32ZGqJCn1O+2uVfFhGu6vPE5qkqrbSE8TG+03H8ecU2q50zgHWPdHM OBvy3EhzfAh2VmOSTcRK+tSUe/u3wdLRDPwv/DTzGI36Kgky9MsDC5gpIwNbOJP2G/q1wT1o Gkw4IXfWv2ufWiXqJ+k7HEi2N1sree7Dy9KBCqb+ca1vFhYPDJfhP75I/VnzHVssZ/rYZ9+5 1yDoUABoNdJNSGUYl+Yh9Pw9pE3Kt4EFzUlFZWbE4xKL/NPno+z4J9aWemLLszcYz/u3XnbO vUSQHSrmfOzX3cV4yfmjM5lewgSstoxGyTx2M8enslgdXhPthZlDnTnOT+C+OTsh8+m5tos8 HQjaPM01MKBiAqdPgksm1wu2DrrwUi6ChRVTUBcj6+/9IJ81H2P2gJk3Ls3AVIxIffLoY34E +MYSfkEjBz0E8CLOcAw7JIwAaeBT In-Reply-To: Content-Type: multipart/signed; micalg=pgp-sha256; protocol="application/pgp-signature"; boundary="------------WYMFrHZmghaazIpAvJVDDViQ" This is an OpenPGP/MIME signed message (RFC 4880 and 3156) --------------WYMFrHZmghaazIpAvJVDDViQ Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------BCAasiLnAdwbmqXjqgOpN11W"; protected-headers="v1" Message-ID: <9943c808-9a74-4ea0-b17c-5c98d66c7fbd@gmail.com> Date: Mon, 23 Mar 2026 08:19:03 -0400 MIME-Version: 1.0 User-Agent: Mozilla Thunderbird Subject: Re: [Lsf-pc] [LSF/MM/BPF TOPIC] Where is fuse going? API cleanup, restructuring and more To: Gao Xiang , Jan Kara Cc: "Darrick J. Wong" , Miklos Szeredi , linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org, Joanne Koong , John Groves , Bernd Schubert , Amir Goldstein , Luis Henriques , Horst Birthelmer , Gao Xiang , lsf-pc@lists.linux-foundation.org References: <20260206053835.GD7693@frogsfrogsfrogs> <20260221004752.GE11076@frogsfrogsfrogs> <7de8630d-b6f5-406e-809a-bc2a2d945afb@linux.alibaba.com> <20260318215140.GL1742010@frogsfrogsfrogs> <361d312b-9706-45ca-8943-b655a75c765b@gmail.com> <390cd031-742b-4f1b-99c4-8ee41a259744@linux.alibaba.com> <0b6d72a6-24d3-4558-81dc-d193828f6bc4@gmail.com> Content-Language: en-US From: Demi Marie Obenour Autocrypt: addr=demiobenour@gmail.com; keydata= xsFNBFp+A0oBEADffj6anl9/BHhUSxGTICeVl2tob7hPDdhHNgPR4C8xlYt5q49yB+l2nipd aq+4Gk6FZfqC825TKl7eRpUjMriwle4r3R0ydSIGcy4M6eb0IcxmuPYfbWpr/si88QKgyGSV Z7GeNW1UnzTdhYHuFlk8dBSmB1fzhEYEk0RcJqg4AKoq6/3/UorR+FaSuVwT7rqzGrTlscnT DlPWgRzrQ3jssesI7sZLm82E3pJSgaUoCdCOlL7MMPCJwI8JpPlBedRpe9tfVyfu3euTPLPx wcV3L/cfWPGSL4PofBtB8NUU6QwYiQ9Hzx4xOyn67zW73/G0Q2vPPRst8LBDqlxLjbtx/WLR 6h3nBc3eyuZ+q62HS1pJ5EvUT1vjyJ1ySrqtUXWQ4XlZyoEFUfpJxJoN0A9HCxmHGVckzTRl 5FMWo8TCniHynNXsBtDQbabt7aNEOaAJdE7to0AH3T/Bvwzcp0ZJtBk0EM6YeMLtotUut7h2 Bkg1b//r6bTBswMBXVJ5H44Qf0+eKeUg7whSC9qpYOzzrm7+0r9F5u3qF8ZTx55TJc2g656C 9a1P1MYVysLvkLvS4H+crmxA/i08Tc1h+x9RRvqba4lSzZ6/Tmt60DPM5Sc4R0nSm9BBff0N m0bSNRS8InXdO1Aq3362QKX2NOwcL5YaStwODNyZUqF7izjK4QARAQABzTxEZW1pIE1hcmll IE9iZW5vdXIgKGxvdmVyIG9mIGNvZGluZykgPGRlbWlvYmVub3VyQGdtYWlsLmNvbT7CwXgE EwECACIFAlp+A0oCGwMGCwkIBwMCBhUIAgkKCwQWAgMBAh4BAheAAAoJELKItV//nCLBhr8Q AK/xrb4wyi71xII2hkFBpT59ObLN+32FQT7R3lbZRjVFjc6yMUjOb1H/hJVxx+yo5gsSj5LS 9AwggioUSrcUKldfA/PKKai2mzTlUDxTcF3vKx6iMXKA6AqwAw4B57ZEJoMM6egm57TV19kz PMc879NV2nc6+elaKl+/kbVeD3qvBuEwsTe2Do3HAAdrfUG/j9erwIk6gha/Hp9yZlCnPTX+ VK+xifQqt8RtMqS5R/S8z0msJMI/ajNU03kFjOpqrYziv6OZLJ5cuKb3bZU5aoaRQRDzkFIR 6aqtFLTohTo20QywXwRa39uFaOT/0YMpNyel0kdOszFOykTEGI2u+kja35g9TkH90kkBTG+a EWttIht0Hy6YFmwjcAxisSakBuHnHuMSOiyRQLu43ej2+mDWgItLZ48Mu0C3IG1seeQDjEYP tqvyZ6bGkf2Vj+L6wLoLLIhRZxQOedqArIk/Sb2SzQYuxN44IDRt+3ZcDqsPppoKcxSyd1Ny 2tpvjYJXlfKmOYLhTWs8nwlAlSHX/c/jz/ywwf7eSvGknToo1Y0VpRtoxMaKW1nvH0OeCSVJ itfRP7YbiRVc2aNqWPCSgtqHAuVraBRbAFLKh9d2rKFB3BmynTUpc1BQLJP8+D5oNyb8Ts4x Xd3iV/uD8JLGJfYZIR7oGWFLP4uZ3tkneDfYzsFNBFp+A0oBEAC9ynZI9LU+uJkMeEJeJyQ/ 8VFkCJQPQZEsIGzOTlPnwvVna0AS86n2Z+rK7R/usYs5iJCZ55/JISWd8xD57ue0eB47bcJv VqGlObI2DEG8TwaW0O0duRhDgzMEL4t1KdRAepIESBEA/iPpI4gfUbVEIEQuqdqQyO4GAe+M kD0Hy5JH/0qgFmbaSegNTdQg5iqYjRZ3ttiswalql1/iSyv1WYeC1OAs+2BLOAT2NEggSiVO txEfgewsQtCWi8H1SoirakIfo45Hz0tk/Ad9ZWh2PvOGt97Ka85o4TLJxgJJqGEnqcFUZnJJ riwoaRIS8N2C8/nEM53jb1sH0gYddMU3QxY7dYNLIUrRKQeNkF30dK7V6JRH7pleRlf+wQcN fRAIUrNlatj9TxwivQrKnC9aIFFHEy/0mAgtrQShcMRmMgVlRoOA5B8RTulRLCmkafvwuhs6 dCxN0GNAORIVVFxjx9Vn7OqYPgwiofZ6SbEl0hgPyWBQvE85klFLZLoj7p+joDY1XNQztmfA rnJ9x+YV4igjWImINAZSlmEcYtd+xy3Li/8oeYDAqrsnrOjb+WvGhCykJk4urBog2LNtcyCj kTs7F+WeXGUo0NDhbd3Z6AyFfqeF7uJ3D5hlpX2nI9no/ugPrrTVoVZAgrrnNz0iZG2DVx46 x913pVKHl5mlYQARAQABwsFfBBgBAgAJBQJafgNKAhsMAAoJELKItV//nCLBwNIP/AiIHE8b oIqReFQyaMzxq6lE4YZCZNj65B/nkDOvodSiwfwjjVVE2V3iEzxMHbgyTCGA67+Bo/d5aQGj gn0TPtsGzelyQHipaUzEyrsceUGWYoKXYyVWKEfyh0cDfnd9diAm3VeNqchtcMpoehETH8fr RHnJdBcjf112PzQSdKC6kqU0Q196c4Vp5HDOQfNiDnTf7gZSj0BraHOByy9LEDCLhQiCmr+2 E0rW4tBtDAn2HkT9uf32ZGqJCn1O+2uVfFhGu6vPE5qkqrbSE8TG+03H8ecU2q50zgHWPdHM OBvy3EhzfAh2VmOSTcRK+tSUe/u3wdLRDPwv/DTzGI36Kgky9MsDC5gpIwNbOJP2G/q1wT1o Gkw4IXfWv2ufWiXqJ+k7HEi2N1sree7Dy9KBCqb+ca1vFhYPDJfhP75I/VnzHVssZ/rYZ9+5 1yDoUABoNdJNSGUYl+Yh9Pw9pE3Kt4EFzUlFZWbE4xKL/NPno+z4J9aWemLLszcYz/u3XnbO vUSQHSrmfOzX3cV4yfmjM5lewgSstoxGyTx2M8enslgdXhPthZlDnTnOT+C+OTsh8+m5tos8 HQjaPM01MKBiAqdPgksm1wu2DrrwUi6ChRVTUBcj6+/9IJ81H2P2gJk3Ls3AVIxIffLoY34E +MYSfkEjBz0E8CLOcAw7JIwAaeBT In-Reply-To: --------------BCAasiLnAdwbmqXjqgOpN11W Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------nr9pd0YSXbeq6CfzF5F4D7MV" --------------nr9pd0YSXbeq6CfzF5F4D7MV Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable On 3/23/26 08:13, Gao Xiang wrote: >=20 >=20 > On 2026/3/23 20:08, Demi Marie Obenour wrote: >> On 3/23/26 07:14, Jan Kara wrote: >>> Hi Gao! >>> >>> On Mon 23-03-26 18:19:16, Gao Xiang wrote: >>>> On 2026/3/23 17:54, Jan Kara wrote: >>>>> On Sun 22-03-26 12:51:57, Gao Xiang wrote: >>>>>> On 2026/3/22 11:25, Demi Marie Obenour wrote: >>>>>>>> Technically speaking fuse4fs could just invoke e2fsck -fn before= it >>>>>>>> starts up the rest of the libfuse initialization but who knows i= f that's >>>>>>>> an acceptable risk. Also unclear if you actually want -fy for t= hat. >>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> Let me try to reply the remaining part: >>>>>> >>>>>>> To me, the attacks mentioned above are all either user error, >>>>>>> or vulnerabilities in software accessing the filesystem. If one >>>>>> >>>>>> There are many consequences if users try to use potential inconsis= tent >>>>>> writable filesystems directly (without full fsck), what I can thin= k >>>>>> out including but not limited to: >>>>>> >>>>>> - data loss (considering data block double free issue); >>>>>> - data theft (for example, users keep sensitive information in = the >>>>>> workload in a high permission inode but it can be read wit= h >>>>>> low permission malicious inode later); >>>>>> - data tamper (the same principle). >>>>>> >>>>>> All vulnerabilities above happen after users try to write the >>>>>> inconsistent filesystem, which is hard to prevent by on-disk >>>>>> design. >>>>>> >>>>>> But if users write with copy-on-write to another local consistent >>>>>> filesystem, all the vulnerabilities above won't exist. >>>>> >>>>> OK, so if I understand correctly you are advocating that untrusted = initial data >>>>> should be provided on immutable filesystem and any needed modificat= ion >>>>> would be handled by overlayfs (or some similar layer) and stored on= >>>>> (initially empty) writeable filesystem. >>>>> >>>>> That's a sensible design for usecase like containers but what start= ed this >>>>> thread about FUSE drivers for filesystems were usecases like access= to >>>>> filesystems on drives attached at USB port of your laptop. There it= isn't >>>>> really practical to use your design. You need a standard writeable >>>>> filesystem for that but at the same time you cannot quite trust the= content >>>>> of everything that gets attached to your USB port... >>>> >>>> Yes, that is my proposal and my overall interest now. I know >>>> your interest but I'm here I just would like to say: >>>> >>>> Without full scan fsck, even with FUSE, the system is still >>>> vulnerable if the FUSE approch is used. >>>> >>>> I could give a detailed example, for example: >>>> >>>> There are passwd files `/etc/passwd` and `/etc/shadow` with >>>> proper permissions (for example, you could audit the file >>>> permission with e2fsprogs/xfsprogs without a full fsck scan) in >>>> the inconsistent remote filesystems, but there are some other >>>> malicious files called "foo" and "bar" somewhere with low >>>> permissions but sharing the same blocks which is disallowed >>>> by filesystem on-disk formats illegally (because they violate >>>> copy-on-write semantics by design), also see my previous >>>> reply: >>>> https://lore.kernel.org/r/7de8630d-b6f5-406e-809a-bc2a2d945afb@linux= =2Ealibaba.com >>>> >>>> The initial data of `/etc/passwd` and `/etc/shadow` in the >>>> filesystem image doesn't matter, but users could then keep >>>> very sensitive information later just out of the >>>> inconsistent filesystems, which could cause "data theft" >>>> above. >>> >>> Yes, I've seen you mentioning this case earlier in this thread. But l= et me >>> say I consider it rather contrived :). For the container usecase if y= ou are >>> fetching say a root fs image and don't trust the content of the image= , then >>> how do you know it doesn't contain a malicious code that sends all th= e >>> sensitive data to some third party? So I believe the owner of the con= tainer >>> has to trust the content of the image, otherwise you've already lost.= >>> >>> The container environment *provider* doesn't necessarily trust either= the >>> container owner or the image so they need to make sure their infrastr= ucture >>> isn't compromised by malicious actions from these - and for that eith= er >>> your immutable image scheme or FUSE mounting works. >>> >>> Similarly with the USB drive content. Either some malicious actor plu= gs USB >>> drive into a laptop, it gets automounted, and that must not crash the= >>> kernel or give attacker more priviledge - but that's all - no data is= >>> stored on the drive. Or I myself plug some not-so-trusted USB drive t= o my >>> laptop to read some content from it or possibly put there some data f= or a >>> friend - again that must not compromise my machine but I'd be really = dumb >>> and already lost the security game if I'd put any sensitive data to s= uch >>> drive. And for this USB drive case FUSE mounting solves these problem= s >>> nicely. >>> >>> So in my opinion for practical usecases the FUSE solution addresses t= he >>> real security concerns. >>> >>> Honza >> >> I agree, *if* the FUSE filesystem is strongly sandboxed so it cannot >> mess with things like my home directory. Personally, I would run >> the FUSE filesystem in a VM but that's a separate concern. >> >> There are also (very severe) concerns about USB devices *specifically*= =2E >> These are off-topic for this discussion, though. >> >> Of course, the FUSE filesystem must be mounted with nosuid, nodev, >> and nosymfollow. Otherwise there are lots of attacks possible. >> >> Finally, it is very much possible to use storage that one does not hav= e >> complete trust in, provided that one uses cryptography to ensure that >> the damage it can do is limited. Many backup systems work this way. >=20 > In brief, as I said, that is _not_ always a security concern: >=20 > - If you don't fsck, and FUSE mount it, your write data to that > filesystem could be lost if the writable filesystem is > inconsistent; In the applications I am thinking of, one _hopes_ that the filesystem is consistent, which it almost always will be. However, one wants to be safe in the unlikely case of it being inconsistent. > - But if you fsck in advance and the filesystem, the kernel > implementation should make sure they should fix all bugs of > consistent filesystems. >=20 > So what's the meaning of "no fsck" here if you cannot write > anything in it with FUSE approaches. FUSE can (and usually does) have write support. Also, fsck does not protect against TOCTOU attacks. --=20 Sincerely, Demi Marie Obenour (she/her/hers) --------------nr9pd0YSXbeq6CfzF5F4D7MV Content-Type: application/pgp-keys; name="OpenPGP_0xB288B55FFF9C22C1.asc" Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="OpenPGP_0xB288B55FFF9C22C1.asc" Content-Description: OpenPGP public key Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable -----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- xsFNBFp+A0oBEADffj6anl9/BHhUSxGTICeVl2tob7hPDdhHNgPR4C8xlYt5q49y B+l2nipdaq+4Gk6FZfqC825TKl7eRpUjMriwle4r3R0ydSIGcy4M6eb0IcxmuPYf bWpr/si88QKgyGSVZ7GeNW1UnzTdhYHuFlk8dBSmB1fzhEYEk0RcJqg4AKoq6/3/ UorR+FaSuVwT7rqzGrTlscnTDlPWgRzrQ3jssesI7sZLm82E3pJSgaUoCdCOlL7M MPCJwI8JpPlBedRpe9tfVyfu3euTPLPxwcV3L/cfWPGSL4PofBtB8NUU6QwYiQ9H zx4xOyn67zW73/G0Q2vPPRst8LBDqlxLjbtx/WLR6h3nBc3eyuZ+q62HS1pJ5EvU T1vjyJ1ySrqtUXWQ4XlZyoEFUfpJxJoN0A9HCxmHGVckzTRl5FMWo8TCniHynNXs BtDQbabt7aNEOaAJdE7to0AH3T/Bvwzcp0ZJtBk0EM6YeMLtotUut7h2Bkg1b//r 6bTBswMBXVJ5H44Qf0+eKeUg7whSC9qpYOzzrm7+0r9F5u3qF8ZTx55TJc2g656C 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