Re: [PATCH v4 2/9] fs: add infrastructure for multigrain inode i_m/ctime

[Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org>]

On Tue, 2023-05-23 at 13:01 +0200, Christian Brauner wrote:
> On Tue, May 23, 2023 at 06:56:11AM -0400, Jeff Layton wrote:
> > On Tue, 2023-05-23 at 12:17 +0200, Jan Kara wrote:
> > > On Tue 23-05-23 12:02:40, Jan Kara wrote:
> > > > On Thu 18-05-23 07:47:35, Jeff Layton wrote:
> > > > > The VFS always uses coarse-grained timestamp updates for filling out the
> > > > > ctime and mtime after a change. This has the benefit of allowing
> > > > > filesystems to optimize away a lot metadata updates, down to around 1
> > > > > per jiffy, even when a file is under heavy writes.
> > > > > 
> > > > > Unfortunately, this has always been an issue when we're exporting via
> > > > > NFSv3, which relies on timestamps to validate caches. Even with NFSv4, a
> > > > > lot of exported filesystems don't properly support a change attribute
> > > > > and are subject to the same problems with timestamp granularity. Other
> > > > > applications have similar issues (e.g backup applications).
> > > > > 
> > > > > Switching to always using fine-grained timestamps would improve the
> > > > > situation, but that becomes rather expensive, as the underlying
> > > > > filesystem will have to log a lot more metadata updates.
> > > > > 
> > > > > What we need is a way to only use fine-grained timestamps when they are
> > > > > being actively queried.
> > > > > 
> > > > > The kernel always stores normalized ctime values, so only the first 30
> > > > > bits of the tv_nsec field are ever used. Whenever the mtime changes, the
> > > > > ctime must also change.
> > > > > 
> > > > > Use the 31st bit of the ctime tv_nsec field to indicate that something
> > > > > has queried the inode for the i_mtime or i_ctime. When this flag is set,
> > > > > on the next timestamp update, the kernel can fetch a fine-grained
> > > > > timestamp instead of the usual coarse-grained one.
> > > > > 
> > > > > This patch adds the infrastructure this scheme. Filesytems can opt
> > > > > into it by setting the FS_MULTIGRAIN_TS flag in the fstype.
> > > > > 
> > > > > Later patches will convert individual filesystems over to use it.
> > > > > 
> > > > > Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org>
> > > > 
> > > > So there are two things I dislike about this series because I think they
> > > > are fragile:
> > > > 
> > > > 1) If we have a filesystem supporting multigrain ts and someone
> > > > accidentally directly uses the value of inode->i_ctime, he can get bogus
> > > > value (with QUERIED flag). This mistake is very easy to do. So I think we
> > > > should rename i_ctime to something like __i_ctime and always use accessor
> > > > function for it.
> > > > 
> > > > 2) As I already commented in a previous version of the series, the scheme
> > > > with just one flag for both ctime and mtime and flag getting cleared in
> > > > current_time() relies on the fact that filesystems always do an equivalent
> > > > of:
> > > > 
> > > > 	inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime = current_time();
> > > > 
> > > > Otherwise we can do coarse grained update where we should have done a fine
> > > > grained one. Filesystems often update timestamps like this but not
> > > > universally. Grepping shows some instances where only inode->i_mtime is set
> > > > from current_time() e.g. in autofs or bfs. Again a mistake that is rather
> > > > easy to make and results in subtle issues. I think this would be also
> > > > nicely solved by renaming i_ctime to __i_ctime and using a function to set
> > > > ctime. Mtime could then be updated with inode->i_mtime = ctime_peek().
> > > > 
> > > > I understand this is quite some churn but a very mechanical one that could
> > > > be just done with Coccinelle and a few manual fixups. So IMHO it is worth
> > > > the more robust result.
> > > 
> > > Also as I'm thinking about it your current scheme is slightly racy. Suppose
> > > the filesystem does:
> > > 
> > > CPU1					CPU2
> > > 
> > > 					statx()
> > > inode->i_ctime = current_time()
> > >   current_mg_time()
> > >     nsec = atomic_long_fetch_andnot(QUERIED, &inode->i_ctime.tv_nsec)
> > > 					  nsec = atomic_long_fetch_or(QUERIED, &inode->i_ctime.tv_nsec)
> > >     if (nsec & QUERIED) - not set
> > >       ktime_get_coarse_real_ts64(&now)
> > >     return timestamp_truncate(now, inode);
> > > - QUERIED flag in the inode->i_ctime gets overwritten by the assignment
> > >   => we need not update ctime due to granularity although it was queried
> > > 
> > > One more reason to use explicit function to update inode->i_ctime ;)
> > 
> > When we store the new time in the i_ctime field, the flag gets cleared
> > because at that point we're storing a new (unseen) time.
> > 
> > However, you're correct: if the i_ctime in your above example starts at
> > the same value that is currently being returned by
> > ktime_get_coarse_real_ts64, then we'll lose the flag set in statx.
> > 
> > I think the right fix there would be to not update the ctime at all if
> > it's a coarse grained time, and the value wouldn't have an apparent
> > change to an observer. That would leave the flag intact.
> > 
> > That does mean we'd need to move to a function that does clock fetch and
> > assigns it to i_ctime in one go (like you suggest). Something like:
> > 
> >     inode_update_ctime(inode);
> > 
> > How we do that with atomic operations over two values (the tv_sec and
> > tv_nsec) is a bit tricky. I'll have to think about it.
> > 
> > Christian, given Jan's concerns do you want to drop this series for now
> > and let me respin it?
> 
> I deliberately put it into a vfs.unstable.* branch. I would leave it
> there until you send a new one then drop it. If we get lucky the bots
> that run on -next will have time to report potential perf issues while
> it's not currently causing conflicts.

Sounds good to me. Thanks!
-- 
Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org>