[PATCH v4 03/10] gpiolib: implement low-level, shared GPIO support

Bartosz Golaszewski
2025-11-12T13:55:45Z

From: Bartosz Golaszewski <bartosz.golaszewski@linaro.org>

This module scans the device tree (for now only OF nodes are supported
but care is taken to make other fwnode implementations easy to
integrate) and determines which GPIO lines are shared by multiple users.
It stores that information in memory. When the GPIO chip exposing shared
lines is registered, the shared GPIO descriptors it exposes are marked
as shared and virtual "proxy" devices that mediate access to the shared
lines are created. When a consumer of a shared GPIO looks it up, its
fwnode lookup is redirected to a just-in-time machine lookup that points
to this proxy device.

This code can be compiled out on platforms which don't use shared GPIOs.

Reviewed-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Bartosz Golaszewski <bartosz.golaszewski@linaro.org>
---
drivers/gpio/Kconfig | 8 +
drivers/gpio/Makefile | 1 +
drivers/gpio/gpiolib-shared.c | 540 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
drivers/gpio/gpiolib-shared.h | 71 ++++++
4 files changed, 620 insertions(+)

diff --git a/drivers/gpio/Kconfig b/drivers/gpio/Kconfig
index ce237398fa00eddad49afe995accae3abbb4b2cb..f90b4d3e77f7cab46525b7adfcf114a21d276678 100644
--- a/drivers/gpio/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/gpio/Kconfig
@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@
config GPIOLIB_LEGACY
def_bool y

+config HAVE_SHARED_GPIOS
+ bool
+
menuconfig GPIOLIB
bool "GPIO Support"
help
@@ -42,6 +45,11 @@ config GPIOLIB_IRQCHIP
select IRQ_DOMAIN
bool

+config GPIO_SHARED
+ def_bool y
+ depends on HAVE_SHARED_GPIOS || COMPILE_TEST
+ select AUXILIARY_BUS
+
config DEBUG_GPIO
bool "Debug GPIO calls"
depends on DEBUG_KERNEL
diff --git a/drivers/gpio/Makefile b/drivers/gpio/Makefile
index ee260a0809d36cd07987f04e0ef17b05af764214..48f309c764e3286c23dbe604be933f7180f0b89a 100644
--- a/drivers/gpio/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/gpio/Makefile
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_GPIO_SYSFS) += gpiolib-sysfs.o
obj-$(CONFIG_GPIO_ACPI) += gpiolib-acpi.o
gpiolib-acpi-y := gpiolib-acpi-core.o gpiolib-acpi-quirks.o
obj-$(CONFIG_GPIOLIB) += gpiolib-swnode.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_GPIO_SHARED) += gpiolib-shared.o

# Device drivers. Generally keep list sorted alphabetically
obj-$(CONFIG_GPIO_REGMAP) += gpio-regmap.o
diff --git a/drivers/gpio/gpiolib-shared.c b/drivers/gpio/gpiolib-shared.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..56b9b03cbb6dbcdf095a656fc36ff321770035da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/gpio/gpiolib-shared.c
@@ -0,0 +1,540 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 Linaro Ltd.
+ */
+
+#define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
+
+#include <linux/auxiliary_bus.h>
+#include <linux/cleanup.h>
+#include <linux/device.h>
+#include <linux/fwnode.h>
+#include <linux/gpio/consumer.h>
+#include <linux/gpio/machine.h>
+#include <linux/idr.h>
+#include <linux/kref.h>
+#include <linux/list.h>
+#include <linux/lockdep.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/mutex.h>
+#include <linux/of.h>
+#include <linux/overflow.h>
+#include <linux/printk.h>
+#include <linux/property.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/string.h>
+
+#include "gpiolib.h"
+#include "gpiolib-shared.h"
+
+/* Represents a single reference to a GPIO pin. */
+struct gpio_shared_ref {
+ struct list_head list;
+ /* Firmware node associated with this GPIO's consumer. */
+ struct fwnode_handle *fwnode;
+ /* GPIO flags this consumer uses for the request. */
+ enum gpiod_flags flags;
+ char *con_id;
+ int dev_id;
+ struct auxiliary_device adev;
+ struct gpiod_lookup_table *lookup;
+};
+
+/* Represents a single GPIO pin. */
+struct gpio_shared_entry {
+ struct list_head list;
+ /* Firmware node associated with the GPIO controller. */
+ struct fwnode_handle *fwnode;
+ /* Hardware offset of the GPIO within its chip. */
+ unsigned int offset;
+ /* Index in the property value array. */
+ size_t index;
+ struct gpio_shared_desc *shared_desc;
+ struct kref ref;
+ struct list_head refs;
+};
+
+static LIST_HEAD(gpio_shared_list);
+static DEFINE_MUTEX(gpio_shared_lock);
+static DEFINE_IDA(gpio_shared_ida);
+
+static struct gpio_shared_entry *
+gpio_shared_find_entry(struct fwnode_handle *controller_node,
+ unsigned int offset)
+{
+ struct gpio_shared_entry *entry;
+
+ list_for_each_entry(entry, &gpio_shared_list, list) {
+ if (entry->fwnode == controller_node && entry->offset == offset)
+ return entry;
+ }
+
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_OF)
+static int gpio_shared_of_traverse(struct device_node *curr)
+{
+ struct gpio_shared_entry *entry;
+ size_t con_id_len, suffix_len;
+ struct fwnode_handle *fwnode;
+ struct of_phandle_args args;
+ struct property *prop;
+ unsigned int offset;
+ const char *suffix;
+ int ret, count, i;
+
+ for_each_property_of_node(curr, prop) {
+ /*
+ * The standard name for a GPIO property is "foo-gpios"
+ * or "foo-gpio". Some bindings also use "gpios" or "gpio".
+ * There are some legacy device-trees which have a different
+ * naming convention and for which we have rename quirks in
+ * place in gpiolib-of.c. I don't think any of them require
+ * support for shared GPIOs so for now let's just ignore
+ * them. We can always just export the quirk list and
+ * iterate over it here.
+ */
+ if (!strends(prop->name, "-gpios") &&
+ !strends(prop->name, "-gpio") &&
+ strcmp(prop->name, "gpios") != 0 &&
+ strcmp(prop->name, "gpio") != 0)
+ continue;
+
+ count = of_count_phandle_with_args(curr, prop->name,
+ "#gpio-cells");
+ if (count <= 0)
+ continue;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+ struct device_node *np __free(device_node) = NULL;
+
+ ret = of_parse_phandle_with_args(curr, prop->name,
+ "#gpio-cells", i,
+ &args);
+ if (ret)
+ continue;
+
+ np = args.np;
+
+ if (!of_property_present(np, "gpio-controller"))
+ continue;
+
+ /*
+ * We support 1, 2 and 3 cell GPIO bindings in the
+ * kernel currently. There's only one old MIPS dts that
+ * has a one-cell binding but there's no associated
+ * consumer so it may as well be an error. There don't
+ * seem to be any 3-cell users of non-exclusive GPIOs,
+ * so we can skip this as well. Let's occupy ourselves
+ * with the predominant 2-cell binding with the first
+ * cell indicating the hardware offset of the GPIO and
+ * the second defining the GPIO flags of the request.
+ */
+ if (args.args_count != 2)
+ continue;
+
+ fwnode = of_fwnode_handle(args.np);
+ offset = args.args[0];
+
+ entry = gpio_shared_find_entry(fwnode, offset);
+ if (!entry) {
+ entry = kzalloc(sizeof(*entry), GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!entry)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ entry->fwnode = fwnode_handle_get(fwnode);
+ entry->offset = offset;
+ entry->index = count;
+ INIT_LIST_HEAD(&entry->refs);
+
+ list_add_tail(&entry->list, &gpio_shared_list);
+ }
+
+ struct gpio_shared_ref *ref __free(kfree) =
+ kzalloc(sizeof(*ref), GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!ref)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ ref->fwnode = fwnode_handle_get(of_fwnode_handle(curr));
+ ref->flags = args.args[1];
+
+ if (strends(prop->name, "gpios"))
+ suffix = "-gpios";
+ else if (strends(prop->name, "gpio"))
+ suffix = "-gpio";
+ else
+ suffix = NULL;
+ if (!suffix)
+ continue;
+
+ /* We only set con_id if there's actually one. */
+ if (strcmp(prop->name, "gpios") && strcmp(prop->name, "gpio")) {
+ ref->con_id = kstrdup(prop->name, GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!ref->con_id)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ con_id_len = strlen(ref->con_id);
+ suffix_len = strlen(suffix);
+
+ ref->con_id[con_id_len - suffix_len] = '\0';
+ }
+
+ ref->dev_id = ida_alloc(&gpio_shared_ida, GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (ref->dev_id < 0) {
+ kfree(ref->con_id);
+ return -ENOMEM;
+ }
+
+ if (!list_empty(&entry->refs))
+ pr_debug("GPIO %u at %s is shared by multiple firmware nodes\n",
+ entry->offset, fwnode_get_name(entry->fwnode));
+
+ list_add_tail(&no_free_ptr(ref)->list, &entry->refs);
+ }
+ }
+
+ for_each_child_of_node_scoped(curr, child) {
+ ret = gpio_shared_of_traverse(child);
+ if (ret)
+ return ret;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int gpio_shared_of_scan(void)
+{
+ return gpio_shared_of_traverse(of_root);
+}
+#else
+static int gpio_shared_of_scan(void)
+{
+ return 0;
+}
+#endif /* CONFIG_OF */
+
+static void gpio_shared_adev_release(struct device *dev)
+{
+
+}
+
+static int gpio_shared_make_adev(struct gpio_device *gdev,
+ struct gpio_shared_ref *ref)
+{
+ struct auxiliary_device *adev = &ref->adev;
+ int ret;
+
+ lockdep_assert_held(&gpio_shared_lock);
+
+ memset(adev, 0, sizeof(*adev));
+
+ adev->id = ref->dev_id;
+ adev->name = "proxy";
+ adev->dev.parent = gdev->dev.parent;
+ adev->dev.release = gpio_shared_adev_release;
+
+ ret = auxiliary_device_init(adev);
+ if (ret)
+ return ret;
+
+ ret = auxiliary_device_add(adev);
+ if (ret) {
+ auxiliary_device_uninit(adev);
+ return ret;
+ }
+
+ pr_debug("Created an auxiliary GPIO proxy %s for GPIO device %s\n",
+ dev_name(&adev->dev), gpio_device_get_label(gdev));
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int gpio_shared_add_proxy_lookup(struct device *consumer, unsigned long lflags)
+{
+ const char *dev_id = dev_name(consumer);
+ struct gpio_shared_entry *entry;
+ struct gpio_shared_ref *ref;
+
+ struct gpiod_lookup_table *lookup __free(kfree) =
+ kzalloc(struct_size(lookup, table, 2), GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!lookup)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ guard(mutex)(&gpio_shared_lock);
+
+ list_for_each_entry(entry, &gpio_shared_list, list) {
+ list_for_each_entry(ref, &entry->refs, list) {
+ if (!device_match_fwnode(consumer, ref->fwnode))
+ continue;
+
+ /* We've already done that on a previous request. */
+ if (ref->lookup)
+ return 0;
+
+ char *key __free(kfree) =
+ kasprintf(GFP_KERNEL,
+ KBUILD_MODNAME ".proxy.%u",
+ ref->adev.id);
+ if (!key)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ pr_debug("Adding machine lookup entry for a shared GPIO for consumer %s, with key '%s' and con_id '%s'\n",
+ dev_id, key, ref->con_id ?: "none");
+
+ lookup->dev_id = dev_id;
+ lookup->table[0] = GPIO_LOOKUP(no_free_ptr(key), 0,
+ ref->con_id, lflags);
+
+ gpiod_add_lookup_table(no_free_ptr(lookup));
+
+ return 0;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* We warn here because this can only happen if the programmer borked. */
+ WARN_ON(1);
+ return -ENOENT;
+}
+
+static void gpio_shared_remove_adev(struct auxiliary_device *adev)
+{
+ lockdep_assert_held(&gpio_shared_lock);
+
+ auxiliary_device_uninit(adev);
+ auxiliary_device_delete(adev);
+}
+
+int gpio_device_setup_shared(struct gpio_device *gdev)
+{
+ struct gpio_shared_entry *entry;
+ struct gpio_shared_ref *ref;
+ unsigned long *flags;
+ int ret;
+
+ guard(mutex)(&gpio_shared_lock);
+
+ list_for_each_entry(entry, &gpio_shared_list, list) {
+ if (!device_match_fwnode(&gdev->dev, entry->fwnode))
+ continue;
+
+ if (list_count_nodes(&entry->refs) <= 1)
+ continue;
+
+ flags = &gdev->descs[entry->offset].flags;
+
+ __set_bit(GPIOD_FLAG_SHARED, flags);
+ /*
+ * Shared GPIOs are not requested via the normal path. Make
+ * them inaccessible to anyone even before we register the
+ * chip.
+ */
+ __set_bit(GPIOD_FLAG_REQUESTED, flags);
+
+ pr_debug("GPIO %u owned by %s is shared by multiple consumers\n",
+ entry->offset, gpio_device_get_label(gdev));
+
+ list_for_each_entry(ref, &entry->refs, list) {
+ pr_debug("Setting up a shared GPIO entry for %s\n",
+ fwnode_get_name(ref->fwnode));
+
+ ret = gpio_shared_make_adev(gdev, ref);
+ if (ret)
+ return ret;
+ }
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+void gpio_device_teardown_shared(struct gpio_device *gdev)
+{
+ struct gpio_shared_entry *entry;
+ struct gpio_shared_ref *ref;
+
+ guard(mutex)(&gpio_shared_lock);
+
+ list_for_each_entry(entry, &gpio_shared_list, list) {
+ if (!device_match_fwnode(&gdev->dev, entry->fwnode))
+ continue;
+
+ list_for_each_entry(ref, &entry->refs, list) {
+ gpiod_remove_lookup_table(ref->lookup);
+ kfree(ref->lookup->table[0].key);
+ kfree(ref->lookup);
+ ref->lookup = NULL;
+ gpio_shared_remove_adev(&ref->adev);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+static void gpio_shared_release(struct kref *kref)
+{
+ struct gpio_shared_entry *entry =
+ container_of(kref, struct gpio_shared_entry, ref);
+ struct gpio_shared_desc *shared_desc = entry->shared_desc;
+
+ guard(mutex)(&gpio_shared_lock);
+
+ gpio_device_put(shared_desc->desc->gdev);
+ if (shared_desc->can_sleep)
+ mutex_destroy(&shared_desc->mutex);
+ kfree(shared_desc);
+ entry->shared_desc = NULL;
+}
+
+static void gpiod_shared_put(void *data)
+{
+ struct gpio_shared_entry *entry = data;
+
+ lockdep_assert_not_held(&gpio_shared_lock);
+
+ kref_put(&entry->ref, gpio_shared_release);
+}
+
+static struct gpio_shared_desc *
+gpiod_shared_desc_create(struct gpio_shared_entry *entry)
+{
+ struct gpio_shared_desc *shared_desc;
+ struct gpio_device *gdev;
+
+ shared_desc = kzalloc(sizeof(*shared_desc), GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!shared_desc)
+ return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+
+ gdev = gpio_device_find_by_fwnode(entry->fwnode);
+ if (!gdev) {
+ kfree(shared_desc);
+ return ERR_PTR(-EPROBE_DEFER);
+ }
+
+ shared_desc->desc = &gdev->descs[entry->offset];
+ shared_desc->can_sleep = gpiod_cansleep(shared_desc->desc);
+ if (shared_desc->can_sleep)
+ mutex_init(&shared_desc->mutex);
+ else
+ spin_lock_init(&shared_desc->spinlock);
+
+ return shared_desc;
+}
+
+static struct gpio_shared_entry *gpiod_shared_find(struct auxiliary_device *adev)
+{
+ struct gpio_shared_desc *shared_desc;
+ struct gpio_shared_entry *entry;
+ struct gpio_shared_ref *ref;
+
+ guard(mutex)(&gpio_shared_lock);
+
+ list_for_each_entry(entry, &gpio_shared_list, list) {
+ list_for_each_entry(ref, &entry->refs, list) {
+ if (adev != &ref->adev)
+ continue;
+
+ if (entry->shared_desc) {
+ kref_get(&entry->ref);
+ return entry;
+ }
+
+ shared_desc = gpiod_shared_desc_create(entry);
+ if (IS_ERR(shared_desc))
+ return ERR_CAST(shared_desc);
+
+ kref_init(&entry->ref);
+ entry->shared_desc = shared_desc;
+
+ pr_debug("Device %s acquired a reference to the shared GPIO %u owned by %s\n",
+ dev_name(&adev->dev), gpiod_hwgpio(shared_desc->desc),
+ gpio_device_get_label(shared_desc->desc->gdev));
+
+
+ return entry;
+ }
+ }
+
+ return ERR_PTR(-ENOENT);
+}
+
+struct gpio_shared_desc *devm_gpiod_shared_get(struct device *dev)
+{
+ struct gpio_shared_entry *entry;
+ int ret;
+
+ entry = gpiod_shared_find(to_auxiliary_dev(dev));
+ if (IS_ERR(entry))
+ return ERR_CAST(entry);
+
+ ret = devm_add_action_or_reset(dev, gpiod_shared_put, entry);
+ if (ret)
+ return ERR_PTR(ret);
+
+ return entry->shared_desc;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(devm_gpiod_shared_get);
+
+static void gpio_shared_drop_ref(struct gpio_shared_ref *ref)
+{
+ list_del(&ref->list);
+ kfree(ref->con_id);
+ ida_free(&gpio_shared_ida, ref->dev_id);
+ fwnode_handle_put(ref->fwnode);
+ kfree(ref);
+}
+
+static void gpio_shared_drop_entry(struct gpio_shared_entry *entry)
+{
+ list_del(&entry->list);
+ fwnode_handle_put(entry->fwnode);
+ kfree(entry);
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is only called if gpio_shared_init() fails so it's in fact __init and
+ * not __exit.
+ */
+static void __init gpio_shared_teardown(void)
+{
+ struct gpio_shared_entry *entry, *epos;
+ struct gpio_shared_ref *ref, *rpos;
+
+ list_for_each_entry_safe(entry, epos, &gpio_shared_list, list) {
+ list_for_each_entry_safe(ref, rpos, &entry->refs, list)
+ gpio_shared_drop_ref(ref);
+
+ gpio_shared_drop_entry(entry);
+ }
+}
+
+static void gpio_shared_free_exclusive(void)
+{
+ struct gpio_shared_entry *entry, *epos;
+
+ list_for_each_entry_safe(entry, epos, &gpio_shared_list, list) {
+ if (list_count_nodes(&entry->refs) > 1)
+ continue;
+
+ gpio_shared_drop_ref(list_first_entry(&entry->refs,
+ struct gpio_shared_ref,
+ list));
+ gpio_shared_drop_entry(entry);
+ }
+}
+
+static int __init gpio_shared_init(void)
+{
+ int ret;
+
+ /* Right now, we only support OF-based systems. */
+ ret = gpio_shared_of_scan();
+ if (ret) {
+ gpio_shared_teardown();
+ pr_err("Failed to scan OF nodes for shared GPIOs: %d\n", ret);
+ return ret;
+ }
+
+ gpio_shared_free_exclusive();
+
+ pr_debug("Finished scanning firmware nodes for shared GPIOs\n");
+ return 0;
+}
+postcore_initcall(gpio_shared_init);
diff --git a/drivers/gpio/gpiolib-shared.h b/drivers/gpio/gpiolib-shared.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..667dbdff3585066b7cbe2ebe476725fe7d683d84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/gpio/gpiolib-shared.h
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+
+#ifndef __LINUX_GPIO_SHARED_H
+#define __LINUX_GPIO_SHARED_H
+
+#include <linux/cleanup.h>
+#include <linux/lockdep.h>
+#include <linux/mutex.h>
+#include <linux/spinlock.h>
+
+struct gpio_device;
+struct gpio_desc;
+struct device;
+
+#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_GPIO_SHARED)
+
+int gpio_device_setup_shared(struct gpio_device *gdev);
+void gpio_device_teardown_shared(struct gpio_device *gdev);
+int gpio_shared_add_proxy_lookup(struct device *consumer, unsigned long lflags);
+
+#else
+
+static inline int gpio_device_setup_shared(struct gpio_device *gdev)
+{
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static inline void gpio_device_teardown_shared(struct gpio_device *gdev) { }
+
+static inline int gpio_shared_add_proxy_lookup(struct device *consumer,
+ unsigned long lflags)
+{
+ return 0;
+}
+
+#endif /* CONFIG_GPIO_SHARED */
+
+struct gpio_shared_desc {
+ struct gpio_desc *desc;
+ bool can_sleep;
+ unsigned long cfg;
+ unsigned int usecnt;
+ unsigned int highcnt;
+ union {
+ struct mutex mutex;
+ spinlock_t spinlock;
+ };
+};
+
+struct gpio_shared_desc *devm_gpiod_shared_get(struct device *dev);
+
+DEFINE_LOCK_GUARD_1(gpio_shared_desc_lock, struct gpio_shared_desc,
+ if (_T->lock->can_sleep)
+ mutex_lock(&_T->lock->mutex);
+ else
+ spin_lock_irqsave(&_T->lock->spinlock, _T->flags),
+ if (_T->lock->can_sleep)
+ mutex_unlock(&_T->lock->mutex);
+ else
+ spin_unlock_irqrestore(&_T->lock->spinlock, _T->flags),
+ unsigned long flags)
+
+static inline void gpio_shared_lockdep_assert(struct gpio_shared_desc *shared_desc)
+{
+ if (shared_desc->can_sleep)
+ lockdep_assert_held(&shared_desc->mutex);
+ else
+ lockdep_assert_held(&shared_desc->spinlock);
+}
+
+#endif /* __LINUX_GPIO_SHARED_H */

--
2.51.0