RE: [PATCH v2 2/3] iommu/vt-d: Clear Present bit before tearing down context entry

Tian, Kevin
2026-01-21T07:51:03Z

> From: Baolu Lu <baolu.lu@linux.intel.com>
> Sent: Wednesday, January 21, 2026 3:29 PM
>
> On 1/21/26 14:23, Tian, Kevin wrote:
> >> From: Lu Baolu <baolu.lu@linux.intel.com>
> >> Sent: Tuesday, January 20, 2026 2:18 PM
> >>
> >> When tearing down a context entry, the current implementation zeros
> the
> >> entire 128-bit entry using multiple 64-bit writes. This creates a window
> >> where the hardware can fetch a "torn" entry — where some fields are
> >> already zeroed while the 'Present' bit is still set — leading to
> >> unpredictable behavior or spurious faults.
> >>
> >> While x86 provides strong write ordering, the compiler may reorder
> writes
> >> to the two 64-bit halves of the context entry. Even without compiler
> >> reordering, the hardware fetch is not guaranteed to be atomic with
> >> respect to multiple CPU writes.
> >>
> >> Align with the "Guidance to Software for Invalidations" in the VT-d spec
> >> (Section 6.5.3.3) by implementing the recommended ownership
> handshake:
> >>
> >> 1. Clear only the 'Present' (P) bit of the context entry first to
> >> signal the transition of ownership from hardware to software.
> >> 2. Use dma_wmb() to ensure the cleared bit is visible to the IOMMU.
> >> 3. Perform the required cache and context-cache invalidation to ensure
> >> hardware no longer has cached references to the entry.
> >> 4. Fully zero out the entry only after the invalidation is complete.
> >>
> >> Also, add a dma_wmb() to context_set_present() to ensure the entry
> >> is fully initialized before the 'Present' bit becomes visible.
> >>
> >> Fixes: ba39592764ed2 ("Intel IOMMU: Intel IOMMU driver")
> >> Reported-by: Dmytro Maluka <dmaluka@chromium.org>
> >> Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/aTG7gc7I5wExai3S@google.com/
> >> Signed-off-by: Lu Baolu <baolu.lu@linux.intel.com>
> >
> > Reviewed-by: Kevin Tian <kevin.tian@intel.com>
> >
> > btw there is a context_clear_entry() for copied context entry in
> > device_pasid_table_setup(), but this patch doesn't touch that
> > path. It seems to assume that no in-flight DMA will exist at that
> > point:
> >
> > if (context_copied(iommu, bus, devfn)) {
> > context_clear_entry(context);
> > ...
> > /*
> > * At this point, the device is supposed to finish reset at
> > * its driver probe stage, so no in-flight DMA will exist,
> > * and we don't need to worry anymore hereafter.
> > */
> > clear_context_copied(iommu, bus, devfn);
> >
> > Is that guaranteed by all devices? from kdump feature p.o.v. if
> > that assumption is broken it just means potential DMA errors
> > in this transition window. But regarding to the issue which this
> > patch tries to fix, in-fly DMAs may lead to undesired behaviors
> > including memory corruption etc.
> >
> > So, should it be fixed too?
>
> This path is triggered when the device driver has probed the device
> (ensuring it has been reset) and then calls the kernel DMA API for the
> first time. At this stage, there should be no in-flight DMAs. We can
> apply the same logic here to improve code readability, but this is not a
> bug that requires a fix. Or not?
>

device could be in whatever state when kdump is triggered. I'm not
sure whether all device drivers will reset the device at probe time.

Just thought that applying the same due diligence here could prevent
any undesired damage just in case. Not exactly for backporting, but
it's always good to have consistent logic to avoid special case based
on subtle assumptions...