From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Received: from mgamail.intel.com (mgamail.intel.com [192.198.163.12]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by smtp.subspace.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id B158441C62 for ; Tue, 23 Jul 2024 04:01:22 +0000 (UTC) Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; arc=fail smtp.client-ip=192.198.163.12 ARC-Seal:i=2; a=rsa-sha256; d=subspace.kernel.org; s=arc-20240116; t=1721707284; cv=fail; b=esr1OI4ApVAQAUkMdmjOU0rBgWPxEkQaDUtTBAm/d48ca8r40cgMFRtAjDXub8qqS+CZo5jxt8kCzWyH10H974IFHI+JNvLn130pbEarMtWpdZV/ooHMk/M5F9+ySb0Un4kfmynSIikMWqHtEkjLNq1wlggf5M+33wan7SbY9Z8= ARC-Message-Signature:i=2; a=rsa-sha256; d=subspace.kernel.org; s=arc-20240116; t=1721707284; c=relaxed/simple; bh=FGkEmQg3MHF/WjcRAYnUn1VgM+wuCYsb0PvOb8X80YE=; h=Message-ID:Date:Subject:To:References:From:In-Reply-To: Content-Type:MIME-Version; b=dRwu8dW1m14kjACsfgrAbolaYIIhZZN39lGZosnC/fCFK0d4f27zJt025otrjVoXbIIfRiqmPQtilAxUfqBRDlZYn+rZe2c8k/sPdl69keSHgTFy8Nif9hkNHJsz3P4AOUdzoxkjMz1I9CQi/gD4vPQ3VvX9UKUZTOOmjGh8+6k= ARC-Authentication-Results:i=2; smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dmarc=pass (p=none dis=none) header.from=intel.com; spf=pass smtp.mailfrom=intel.com; dkim=pass (2048-bit key) header.d=intel.com header.i=@intel.com header.b=AA162UBx; arc=fail smtp.client-ip=192.198.163.12 Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dmarc=pass (p=none dis=none) header.from=intel.com Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; spf=pass smtp.mailfrom=intel.com Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dkim=pass (2048-bit key) header.d=intel.com header.i=@intel.com header.b="AA162UBx" DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=intel.com; i=@intel.com; q=dns/txt; s=Intel; t=1721707282; x=1753243282; h=message-id:date:subject:to:references:from:in-reply-to: content-transfer-encoding:mime-version; bh=FGkEmQg3MHF/WjcRAYnUn1VgM+wuCYsb0PvOb8X80YE=; b=AA162UBxq6Pfj+2+w6fgJfUqAmfodGJD9xkgCbsaSlzxAiZ3PIAC1Vgw kQl/QggfKRd1GytxI7j5XNx0NZhz3KtMOFdTK51kjwQ2btEy1GNTcftMK ksDTCYPJYgb3iqRCAjqTXhqADjszVbgEvFISbADfA/i7D9XknIRzjsn7f j+KWRIlQeCyBlfBZNqSxnKNgOQlaCYTUr41HmckLU9OIky33TzVJufUvw St2+o5DKL98EMVyJIarzQG5pVkyY8N0Soz1oxao9EhL3E+VVolAICy+rP WS1ARCbvkNhyi/4LVFN8NvoKj4wZmJmWaX0vZs5riM2yPgLkg0jaHglzV A==; X-CSE-ConnectionGUID: NAQvJtc6RDaCSBHBgfeQTQ== X-CSE-MsgGUID: uOWiBM0DQpGwqVY9Zpyrhw== X-IronPort-AV: E=McAfee;i="6700,10204,11141"; a="23177377" X-IronPort-AV: E=Sophos;i="6.09,229,1716274800"; d="scan'208";a="23177377" Received: from fmviesa001.fm.intel.com ([10.60.135.141]) by fmvoesa106.fm.intel.com with ESMTP/TLS/ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384; 22 Jul 2024 21:01:22 -0700 X-CSE-ConnectionGUID: qERbm+94Q+i7BbVIq0fRFg== X-CSE-MsgGUID: C0YqpjyWTYK3qTYYWljAgw== X-ExtLoop1: 1 X-IronPort-AV: E=Sophos;i="6.09,229,1716274800"; d="scan'208";a="83111885" Received: from orsmsx603.amr.corp.intel.com ([10.22.229.16]) by fmviesa001.fm.intel.com with ESMTP/TLS/AES256-GCM-SHA384; 22 Jul 2024 21:01:21 -0700 Received: from orsmsx611.amr.corp.intel.com (10.22.229.24) by ORSMSX603.amr.corp.intel.com (10.22.229.16) with Microsoft SMTP Server (version=TLS1_2, cipher=TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256) id 15.1.2507.39; Mon, 22 Jul 2024 21:01:20 -0700 Received: from ORSEDG601.ED.cps.intel.com (10.7.248.6) by orsmsx611.amr.corp.intel.com (10.22.229.24) with Microsoft SMTP Server (version=TLS1_2, cipher=TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256) id 15.1.2507.39 via Frontend Transport; Mon, 22 Jul 2024 21:01:20 -0700 Received: from NAM11-CO1-obe.outbound.protection.outlook.com (104.47.56.168) by edgegateway.intel.com (134.134.137.102) with Microsoft SMTP Server (version=TLS1_2, cipher=TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384) id 15.1.2507.39; Mon, 22 Jul 2024 21:01:20 -0700 ARC-Seal: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; s=arcselector10001; d=microsoft.com; cv=none; b=dbLJmaCfbPK3/skc+KWIi4BPu3dVCgsuiyvCyI2361GYwCxB393A0uISNMBXz7WiFCGWOrkDIucWjeWzZoI0WU/eWC0fQZ0Hs7xl02SDKxUoLv5BLTnuVmFZwccrzZqDytYiLVYijVzgEuCOrIHDHshfVHLCxCcaASZiW07dfW6fvKpC4acwQ4KhzvuQN4k8epOupJC7RTL3fFh9Orw/H92PjTxF/McgUQVNp9NqTRJBG7Jfn3QJjPIBKZN987bhqLA4BeRHm8TqWek0AQxVDRrY3uhrYKzhuS3NOQr0IeNzujOKsgfxY6JjyKkGVd/rV0ER2LskOaZle5w4Nk4yGQ== ARC-Message-Signature: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=microsoft.com; s=arcselector10001; h=From:Date:Subject:Message-ID:Content-Type:MIME-Version:X-MS-Exchange-AntiSpam-MessageData-ChunkCount:X-MS-Exchange-AntiSpam-MessageData-0:X-MS-Exchange-AntiSpam-MessageData-1; bh=7xkygeAvsX243cgJxGTKKWxiroIphfpugfFzPkZPDe0=; b=XS7YmS1+m1pIFoYdOO73+ZN/7mfeCyOPe5aLWyaszfMnVJ7+bD4n/ZdQ0ZWghhoHYXBm1naaaTze0L2gLx9xLqZA6aJOJbNsF+5y3ZW85BB+3mMvc0gpcrWaPYuQG4R/tiWRfO78/hOY3AfkexxRtbBlyl8Nt0nX7mVrwCtEBpjphgCl3uRs5Zd2sNBjSyVGV3vthzc9j9W32z1P7bkvBmX0hQh2e60vh4Cnpt5yG5lRMp16J0xi239VJWJ5GzOIE5WVtUhQRRA572TcoEIdBJumagsm0hWkuwgnpo3Gn+dRk/+oWg07w7xy46tO/DCdTMmSbiJ1MGCTqq+dfvhnhQ== ARC-Authentication-Results: i=1; mx.microsoft.com 1; spf=pass smtp.mailfrom=intel.com; dmarc=pass action=none header.from=intel.com; dkim=pass header.d=intel.com; arc=none Authentication-Results: dkim=none (message not signed) header.d=none;dmarc=none action=none header.from=intel.com; Received: from DS0PR11MB7529.namprd11.prod.outlook.com (2603:10b6:8:141::20) by CH3PR11MB8657.namprd11.prod.outlook.com (2603:10b6:610:1ca::12) with Microsoft SMTP Server (version=TLS1_2, cipher=TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384) id 15.20.7784.16; Tue, 23 Jul 2024 04:01:18 +0000 Received: from DS0PR11MB7529.namprd11.prod.outlook.com ([fe80::d244:15cd:1060:941a]) by DS0PR11MB7529.namprd11.prod.outlook.com ([fe80::d244:15cd:1060:941a%3]) with mapi id 15.20.7784.017; Tue, 23 Jul 2024 04:01:18 +0000 Message-ID: <859fc583-6aca-4311-ad9c-ffbea68c5b17@intel.com> Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2024 12:05:30 +0800 User-Agent: Mozilla Thunderbird Subject: =?UTF-8?Q?Re=3A_FW=3A_About_the_patch_=E2=80=9Dhttps=3A//lore=2Eker?= =?UTF-8?Q?nel=2Eorg/linux-iommu/20240412082121=2E33382-1-yi=2El=2Eliu=40int?= =?UTF-8?Q?el=2Ecom/_=E2=80=9C_for_help?= To: XueMei Yue , "iommu@lists.linux.dev" , "alex.williamson@redhat.com" , "robin.murphy@arm.com" , "eric.auger@redhat.com" , "nicolinc@nvidia.com" , "kvm@vger.kernel.org" , "chao.p.peng@linux.intel.com" , "baolu.lu@linux.intel.com" , "joro@8bytes.org" , Suravee Suthikulpanit References: <903517d3-7a65-4269-939c-6033d57f2619@intel.com> Content-Language: en-US From: Yi Liu In-Reply-To: Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-ClientProxiedBy: SI1PR02CA0014.apcprd02.prod.outlook.com (2603:1096:4:1f7::9) To DS0PR11MB7529.namprd11.prod.outlook.com (2603:10b6:8:141::20) Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: iommu@lists.linux.dev List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 X-MS-PublicTrafficType: Email X-MS-TrafficTypeDiagnostic: DS0PR11MB7529:EE_|CH3PR11MB8657:EE_ X-MS-Office365-Filtering-Correlation-Id: b929ffcd-bca8-44b5-41eb-08dcaacc1b25 X-MS-Exchange-SenderADCheck: 1 X-MS-Exchange-AntiSpam-Relay: 0 X-Microsoft-Antispam: BCL:0;ARA:13230040|1800799024|376014|7416014|366016|921020|220923002; X-Microsoft-Antispam-Message-Info: =?utf-8?B?Uk1IaytqZVdyUm1QZUprenpqOHNuZ0xjazFPYXdsSDZ1NFAySExvMm5odkxl?= =?utf-8?B?TTZGQW5MVXFZdTcxR05helJaZHlUQ3ZmQ1p1VzhEZ1JnUU1pV1F2SmNobW1X?= =?utf-8?B?YTVTbjU2MWg5R25FMHJJWkZCSlNDcW9ZK0ZERWx5dEMrOFp2LzduaGRFdU1C?= =?utf-8?B?WDJtVlA4WDVoRU14QWZhU1hKNDNaa09tYWROMUNLQW5UKytHR3pCSW83QXZk?= =?utf-8?B?aU9Ca3VnQnBJMVFxMnBuRWVwdEZkeEwxYzVaRHl0Rkg0WkVyakZiQmtBS2ZX?= =?utf-8?B?ejVwQ2FnU3RkaU1XQjhqR29QKzVsZXd3NkZ6aUJ0WmxxRjFrbndjVWJKRGlI?= =?utf-8?B?NWZrN0RFc2tlVW4wSGpPS2IrNVZ0NlVTK1h2dUVGZzBSQkJsVFliU1JJYUQ4?= =?utf-8?B?ZFgvMC9BamJKVllKNlJvVHNDMlFOazl3YldKVmthN0N0Mzh1TGhzYmJXVld6?= =?utf-8?B?V0Z6N3duMThJQTdXWWgxL3VIWG9VdFIwNG95MHlTQ29CVFlJWnZNZURVU3Vq?= =?utf-8?B?KzRVZWhnWGtadVRLY2hIUk9qaFE1SVRiRXNqTkQxN2ovYVdqTkpSTWVlSXJ0?= =?utf-8?B?Qkp0eExMZ1RsaWV2STJUODAraXlSMFdRNFRpWVNrZXk5a2hSeVVTNFdiUTFQ?= =?utf-8?B?S1BuYUJDa3NxTWY5M1NoTFJhTmpqMThRajFUSGxRQ2gxSWJmR2RGcXdXc0Ri?= =?utf-8?B?MWFjdXZzS1c3ZkNjYm16WnBXUnYwUTdFZ3lBL1JUSnNpOWdBQ1AyQWF1UjR1?= =?utf-8?B?Q0NaVHRUa1lnVjZ5bFpCYjZXcFgyRG0rVzEyeU9Bdm5lYW5JN3doQnNJNk5M?= =?utf-8?B?VmZYVXJYbDFQZXhnVkdiZDNEY2RLemxEdnR3cldLa1hrMWRHU2FCME81MWJI?= =?utf-8?B?TjAvblp6OVkraEFoa0JNQnhrVk1KY3dnRVl6K2N5ZEIvZ2tFdGQ3MU83S3M2?= =?utf-8?B?WUgvNGNkcEk0dFRGY21yTXJDMzVIeC8yUHpWZlpuRm1HY3JhSk9hWlRET3NX?= =?utf-8?B?bkx5bmYrNjdwMHg2UlBlM0Y1K1k5WlBIaW1CQy9reWZ3YlBVWE5IaWtTVkdH?= =?utf-8?B?Y2g3b2NkQjl6b0FPeFpYa1NCelVXOTFSSS91YkVxRVdmR2FRa2tBVjI2R3lm?= =?utf-8?B?S1lvMlJUOGo2MHFobGJRSmxYMFRZOHpRSDdyQmtNUXVWa0hhbXZNWFNYUmVj?= =?utf-8?B?Tk1sVHhvWTZZUHQzemxoQmVYZkhzZGRZZ0hkZmcreXZacWlFSVVmbVpoOU8x?= =?utf-8?B?LzBXbHgwc3dlYUZvc3M0VTZyb2JYN2VOcC9KK2pIRjNYQUFLR0Uva2FJUjlI?= =?utf-8?B?MVlkbVBCNXM4aEZSdWZ1UjIxMU1BZnFzWnZ5MWE3WU1VcVVoY1ZEUmtTOXBJ?= =?utf-8?B?NGVmWXlCZWptcDRsZXZ0WjBDSGQ4MFJydXQvaHYxZ0k4SEJJaEV5YUhiZzBQ?= =?utf-8?B?M2RxV0lCbjRtWS9TeTgySWdBL1NPYlZ5SHppakVDdkVkd2E3QTVPdHR5TUpL?= =?utf-8?B?dFgwK3lhK2Q5dEdEN0xFdmJJdlZvTFNWS2Robjk5VjFQd2l2UGtmTUxPNWlp?= =?utf-8?B?YWp6a215NFhXeFJsTTk2aEQvZndkMms1WWFvSDlRdS9RWWROb3g0aEJaR0pZ?= =?utf-8?B?Qk52UGtQbUhsbWVkUGVnblQ4eFNobCtLaGlrNVRTMjFES2wzTVlHeTV1bnBH?= =?utf-8?B?b0VPMGhzcW16V0xyQXhXR1h6aXM2QmtiWDMzdm5oTU5QeTlWNGN1WFp6bFJw?= =?utf-8?B?SVVsN215UWw0YXowM1NnLzJicW0ybUM1Zml2eUk5dGRralIzb20yc0VPNTVY?= =?utf-8?Q?2JMC0bEZ8UO4No/w3zpjJ+Wux9BziEitgW5/8=3D?= X-Forefront-Antispam-Report: CIP:255.255.255.255;CTRY:;LANG:en;SCL:1;SRV:;IPV:NLI;SFV:NSPM;H:DS0PR11MB7529.namprd11.prod.outlook.com;PTR:;CAT:NONE;SFS:(13230040)(1800799024)(376014)(7416014)(366016)(921020)(220923002);DIR:OUT;SFP:1101; X-MS-Exchange-AntiSpam-MessageData-ChunkCount: 1 X-MS-Exchange-AntiSpam-MessageData-0: =?utf-8?B?SThxMEt1SkdhUkJLN01DdlZpT3R6R3BURGNYekswZEVWYStVaWZmRW5zRnFo?= =?utf-8?B?alBjdExYVHg1cmJWQlNyS1A1ejlOVW9JMWxLUmd0d1l6bm9USlhzT1ZBblFK?= =?utf-8?B?VHRqQUVLMU9SLzNEVGV6aTU3QWZ5dGMrem9tbzFxUGMxZDNBNmk0ckR5dEdv?= =?utf-8?B?SXlRUzNPSGJkL3E2UVhaNVovN25uSExReEpLZE9nU2ZZeDgrRnF3Ulhydzhl?= =?utf-8?B?SnNWL25oTStYTWdValg3Uks0M1FnUnZFT0NsT2NOVG1vdk5lVUdPQm4xM216?= =?utf-8?B?dTlrRHJRc3RIQ3BNNlhDNEkzRXN3ckxPSlZGQ0tBOGpyS2pHb1J3dlZvL1No?= =?utf-8?B?Zmd2NzBwU3hEYVo4ajA1T2syTlJsVlJucWwwOW52RzNoN1I5dGJWYzV0SzhS?= =?utf-8?B?bEU1TVFRNE1Gd3lWb1pZVThVNTB5Ukp1eHRYcjNmSXU4MHg0RjhOWCtvUjJ5?= =?utf-8?B?dElGTUREOTBCU2d6VDRXTmpibXEzNHJGV3Vvak50ZkF2N1ZlbDJ0N3E0d0dy?= =?utf-8?B?MFArbzlCUTRXV1A3OFhTMUZ1dzAwVGtCcER5dlNLSmVZNUEzc1BFa0pQeVRH?= =?utf-8?B?SXhqNUFkcHRNYk5VRUxYVmMrS3IyYjQ5ZzdwWDZJRWFWc1ozOHB3bFVoaWFj?= =?utf-8?B?N0kycDQ4WnJLeGFyYVNOYW4vdmJWaHBER2RvcmFJOEF3NHdDQ0htTEhpMEFa?= =?utf-8?B?S3dIeklKRkR6VmpydVJzTXB1KzdzdzFTOWdPYXRJbUg5M0p3T3RPUWdDODVS?= =?utf-8?B?WTV0MXYzbmh6NnZ1Rno5N2EyV3RlcFgvU2ZPRVBycTRZb3BWd1hPY2EvQ2k3?= =?utf-8?B?a0Q5WXQ5NXJHaFpkbGdBSGtwc1Myb0VBOEMxbEFKZXFEbm1QVnFrRTdrYnN4?= =?utf-8?B?S0tneWZSQWJ4MGRYYTZGVk54M1hqT2l3bkJVSzdwL2F6c2JwZVZyRWozN09M?= =?utf-8?B?cTB1QnE1d3JDMVhGSVo2VS9GanJUNEVMVjllbWt6a3RVN0VvTnhpMWhIM2Uw?= =?utf-8?B?bEk5aVBnaXFZYzhpWWlaRDJEQWhiNk10aVpUR1UrUzFBaDhMMlBsZ1l2Qjhq?= =?utf-8?B?elNiY3BJU2swS3hoYjZyVit3eVB6NEZVRG0xSzB1TzMrajRabWFoNlVPMkln?= =?utf-8?B?UC9YN0c5SXpSRGdWbFRyMEdMOWlyWmZyWllFWnJ0YUtMeE5TUWpuNGF0N3U1?= =?utf-8?B?Tkt0YnQ3aVdkWHFZclRYbFQ1WGErZVd2d2JBaitPRFlXVmpHdmpYSnVxYlFU?= =?utf-8?B?aDhlWk9CMDQzUk5iNkczWTFQbGcyOHdKS3lpZkxCVHJLays4WXczSWJOVDFW?= =?utf-8?B?UXBVa3RZalpiTDJjNG0wSmg3TDdoR3MxOFJtMjhHRmdjWVdONDBnUUw4TWZr?= =?utf-8?B?eVV1d2NRL0gzbkdzM1YzT3hZcm5NdXVUSWgwcStadVJxOElIZzNNVy9STTN4?= =?utf-8?B?YWdkeTZTdmcwd3d3Nm5pUWhaWGE4ak9XWWszc3pMTDdZSWROd3lCN01Xbzc1?= =?utf-8?B?dHp3dFR5d21xTEdrajV1RlFwYjlodjBKOURTQVJsNUMra25NN3lOTVhuTXZy?= =?utf-8?B?VjZEalU0WnVhQytmSzdRK1N1NjlLWjZDeEpDM1l6UWV2NDFPV09MeWg2T2pa?= =?utf-8?B?WTZjcU9xMHFZMHFhZXljbysvRnE4Wm9ibXNZbTdVbFFBNVJmdHF4aXRmNU5F?= =?utf-8?B?eFBCK2Q1Y01zU3JuQkpNSzhaOHZvMy9kOGViN1V2a21lSkgxOEJYTWh4MlVl?= =?utf-8?B?Q3VYZFpNWUVsUDQyaG9uK3NPVWw5UFFtM09uMnp2QWJlNC9IczczbktUQ1dM?= =?utf-8?B?REZnZ3VmWjZkbTJOVVpsUW56aDJZTTlWZFc0eTh6eElneVQraFpKZmZlUHk0?= =?utf-8?B?NC9BMCsvTmJLOEF6MVZDMXB6VlhPSkZOMHlxekVSTmlvWThzSjBNeU5BTHJB?= =?utf-8?B?WTJjSkxYTXNXaDIzZE1ib1F0a0xnK20ycld0QThSQlY5Q2diZ1c0RnVmb2dW?= =?utf-8?B?QlNxQ1I5STlQN0o5RHdZUUpyYjV3K1hhS1R2a3RxaFFVeVR2Yk0yQVMrRURy?= =?utf-8?B?alVjMW9CMVdqS01HZFpraUI3VmR6STBGZkpmU0RZdmVXVUtjdHFzWWtnSlJh?= =?utf-8?Q?mcamVOMNLW8eNz2aA33I91NV6?= X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-Network-Message-Id: b929ffcd-bca8-44b5-41eb-08dcaacc1b25 X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-AuthSource: DS0PR11MB7529.namprd11.prod.outlook.com X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-AuthAs: Internal X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-OriginalArrivalTime: 23 Jul 2024 04:01:18.8452 (UTC) X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-FromEntityHeader: Hosted X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-Id: 46c98d88-e344-4ed4-8496-4ed7712e255d X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-MailboxType: HOSTED X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-UserPrincipalName: e58rpmzCYdtQ8u+z6xC40JgGnjqJIdX0ON33f2m96bV6ezHn7lExAhw/QRCh4aJq47NYkiBRjzW1yfHtptJg2g== X-MS-Exchange-Transport-CrossTenantHeadersStamped: CH3PR11MB8657 X-OriginatorOrg: intel.com On 2024/7/23 11:22, XueMei Yue wrote: > Thank you for your reply! > My pc has the PASID capability, See the attachment. ok. BTW. A heads up: you are looping the mailing list, so you'd better use the plain text format and avoid including pictures if it can be expressed by text. > " I don't think the AMD iommu driver has supported the set_dev_pasid callback for the non-SVA domains." > ------ xuemei : So if I want to use the PASID to test PCIE ATS request messages,could you give some suggestions ? usr SVA domain can solve thie issue ? You should not mix ATS with PASID, ATS does not rely on PASID. You should be able to test ATS without PASID. ATS is a performance feature, so if you want to test it in system level, you need a benchmark to do it. Or you can test it in pci transaction level, you would need tools for it then. It's up to you. -- Regards, Yi Liu