Re: [PATCH V3 08/10] x86/pks: Add PKS kernel API

Randy Dunlap
2020-12-23T20:40:39Z

On 11/6/20 3:29 PM, ira.weiny@intel.com wrote:
> From: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
>
> PKS allows kernel users to define domains of page mappings which have
> additional protections beyond the paging protections.
>
> Add an API to allocate, use, and free a protection key which identifies
> such a domain. Export 5 new symbols pks_key_alloc(), pks_mknoaccess(),
> pks_mkread(), pks_mkrdwr(), and pks_key_free(). Add 2 new macros;
> PAGE_KERNEL_PKEY(key) and _PAGE_PKEY(pkey).
>
> Update the protection key documentation to cover pkeys on supervisor
> pages.
>
> Co-developed-by: Ira Weiny <ira.weiny@intel.com>
> Signed-off-by: Ira Weiny <ira.weiny@intel.com>
> Signed-off-by: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
>
> ---
> ---
> Documentation/core-api/protection-keys.rst | 102 +++++++++++++---
> arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable_types.h | 12 ++
> arch/x86/include/asm/pkeys.h | 11 ++
> arch/x86/include/asm/pkeys_common.h | 4 +
> arch/x86/mm/pkeys.c | 128 +++++++++++++++++++++
> include/linux/pgtable.h | 4 +
> include/linux/pkeys.h | 24 ++++
> 7 files changed, 267 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/Documentation/core-api/protection-keys.rst b/Documentation/core-api/protection-keys.rst
> index ec575e72d0b2..c4e6c480562f 100644
> --- a/Documentation/core-api/protection-keys.rst
> +++ b/Documentation/core-api/protection-keys.rst
> @@ -4,25 +4,33 @@
> Memory Protection Keys
> ======================
>
> -Memory Protection Keys for Userspace (PKU aka PKEYs) is a feature
> -which is found on Intel's Skylake (and later) "Scalable Processor"
> -Server CPUs. It will be available in future non-server Intel parts
> -and future AMD processors.
> -
> -For anyone wishing to test or use this feature, it is available in
> -Amazon's EC2 C5 instances and is known to work there using an Ubuntu
> -17.04 image.
> -
> Memory Protection Keys provides a mechanism for enforcing page-based

provide

> protections, but without requiring modification of the page tables
> -when an application changes protection domains. It works by
> -dedicating 4 previously ignored bits in each page table entry to a
> -"protection key", giving 16 possible keys.
> +when an application changes protection domains.
> +
> +PKeys Userspace (PKU) is a feature which is found on Intel's Skylake "Scalable
> +Processor" Server CPUs and later. And It will be available in future

it

> +non-server Intel parts and future AMD processors.
> +
> +Future Intel processors will support Protection Keys for Supervisor pages
> +(PKS).
> +
> +For anyone wishing to test or use user space pkeys, it is available in Amazon's
> +EC2 C5 instances and is known to work there using an Ubuntu 17.04 image.
> +
> +pkeys work by dedicating 4 previously Reserved bits in each page table entry to
> +a "protection key", giving 16 possible keys. User and Supervisor pages are
> +treated separately.
> +
> +Protections for each page are controlled with per CPU registers for each type

per-CPU

> +of page User and Supervisor. Each of these 32 bit register stores two separate

32-bit registers

> +bits (Access Disable and Write Disable) for each key.
>
> -There is also a new user-accessible register (PKRU) with two separate
> -bits (Access Disable and Write Disable) for each key. Being a CPU
> -register, PKRU is inherently thread-local, potentially giving each
> -thread a different set of protections from every other thread.
> +For Userspace the register is user-accessible (rdpkru/wrpkru). For
> +Supervisor, the register (MSR_IA32_PKRS) is accessible only to the kernel.
> +
> +Being a CPU register, pkeys are inherently thread-local, potentially giving
> +each thread an independent set of protections from every other thread.
>
> There are two new instructions (RDPKRU/WRPKRU) for reading and writing
> to the new register. The feature is only available in 64-bit mode,
> @@ -30,8 +38,11 @@ even though there is theoretically space in the PAE PTEs. These
> permissions are enforced on data access only and have no effect on
> instruction fetches.
>
> -Syscalls
> -========
> +For kernel space rdmsr/wrmsr are used to access the kernel MSRs.
> +
> +
> +Syscalls for user space keys
> +============================
>
> There are 3 system calls which directly interact with pkeys::
>
> @@ -98,3 +109,58 @@ with a read()::
> The kernel will send a SIGSEGV in both cases, but si_code will be set
> to SEGV_PKERR when violating protection keys versus SEGV_ACCERR when
> the plain mprotect() permissions are violated.
> +
> +
> +Kernel API for PKS support
> +==========================
> +
> +The following interface is used to allocate, use, and free a pkey which defines
> +a 'protection domain' within the kernel. Setting a pkey value in a supervisor
> +mapping adds that mapping to the protection domain.
> +
> + int pks_key_alloc(const char * const pkey_user, int flags);
> + #define PAGE_KERNEL_PKEY(pkey)
> + #define _PAGE_KEY(pkey)
> + void pks_mk_noaccess(int pkey);
> + void pks_mk_readonly(int pkey);
> + void pks_mk_readwrite(int pkey);
> + void pks_key_free(int pkey);
> +
> +pks_key_alloc() allocates keys dynamically to allow better use of the limited
> +key space. 'flags' alter the allocation based on the users need. Currently

user's
or maybe users'

> +they can request an exclusive key.
> +
> +Callers of pks_key_alloc() _must_ be prepared for it to fail and take
> +appropriate action. This is due mainly to the fact that PKS may not be
> +available on all arch's. Failure to check the return of pks_key_alloc() and
> +using any of the rest of the API is undefined.
> +
> +Kernel users must set the PTE permissions in the page table entries for the
> +mappings they want to protect. This can be done with PAGE_KERNEL_PKEY() or
> +_PAGE_KEY().
> +
> +The pks_mk*() family of calls allows kernel users the ability to change the
> +protections for the domain identified by the pkey specified. 3 states are
> +available pks_mk_noaccess(), pks_mk_readonly(), and pks_mk_readwrite() which

available:

> +set the access to none, read, and read/write respectively.
> +
> +Finally, pks_key_free() allows a user to return the key to the allocator for
> +use by others.
> +
> +The interface maintains pks_mk_noaccess() (Access Disabled (AD=1)) for all keys
> +not currently allocated. Therefore, the user can depend on access being
> +disabled when pks_key_alloc() returns a key and the user should remove mappings
> +from the domain (remove the pkey from the PTE) prior to calling pks_key_free().
> +
> +It should be noted that the underlying WRMSR(MSR_IA32_PKRS) is not serializing
> +but still maintains ordering properties similar to WRPKRU. Thus it is safe to
> +immediately use a mapping when the pks_mk*() functions returns.

return.

> +
> +The current SDM section on PKRS needs updating but should be the same as that
> +of WRPKRU. So to quote from the WRPKRU text:
> +
> + WRPKRU will never execute transiently. Memory accesses
> + affected by PKRU register will not execute (even transiently)
> + until all prior executions of WRPKRU have completed execution
> + and updated the PKRU register.
> +

--
~Randy