Re: [RFC PATCH security-next 0/4] Introducing Hornet LSM

[Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko@kernel.org>]

On Mon, Mar 31, 2025 at 01:57:15PM -0700, Blaise Boscaccy wrote:
> There are two flavors of skeletons, normal skeletons, and light
> skeletons. Normal skeletons utilize relocation logic that lives in
> libbpf, and the relocations/instruction rewriting happen in userspace.
> The second flavor, light skeletons, uses a small eBPF program that
> contains the relocation lookup logic. As it's running in in the kernel,
> it unpacks the target program, peforms the instruction rewriting, and
> loads the target program. Light skeletons are currently utilized for
> some drivers, and BPF_PRELOAD functionionality since they can operate
> without userspace.
> 
> Light skeletons were recommended on various mailing list discussions as
> the preffered path to performing signature verification. There are some
> PoCs floating around that used light-skeletons in concert with
> fs-verity/IMA and eBPF LSMs. We took a slightly different approach to
> Hornet, by utilizing the existing PCKS#7 signing scheme that is used for
> kernel modules.

Right, because in the normal skeletons relocation logic remains
unsigned?

I have to admit I don't fully cope how the relocation process translates
into eBPF program but I do get how it is better for signatures if it
does :-)

> 
> >> verification. Signature data can be easily generated for the binary
> >
> > s/easily//
> >
> > Useless word having no measure.
> >
> 
> Ack, thanks.
> 
> 
> >> data that is generated via bpftool gen -L. This signature can be
> >
> > I have no idea what that command does.
> >
> > "Signature data can be generated for the binary data as follows:
> >
> > bpftool gen -L
> >
> > <explanation>"
> >
> > Here you'd need to answer to couple of unknowns:
> >
> > 1. What is in exact terms "signature data"?
> 
> That is a PKCS#7 signature of a data buffer containing the raw
> instructions of an eBPF program, followed by the initial values of any
> maps used by the program. 

Got it, thanks. This motivates to refine my TPM2 asymmetric keys
series so that TPM2 could anchor these :-)

https://lore.kernel.org/linux-integrity/20240528210823.28798-1-jarkko@kernel.org/


> 
> > 2. What does "bpftool gen -L" do?
> >
> 
> eBPF programs often have 2 parts. An orchestrator/loader program that
> provides load -> attach/run -> i/o -> teardown logic and the in-kernel
> program.
> 
> That command is used to generate a skeleton which can be used by the
> orchestrator prgoram. Skeletons get generated as a C header file, that
> contains various autogenerated functions that open and load bpf programs
> as decribed above. That header file ends up being included in a
> userspace orchestrator program or possibly a kernel module.

I did read the man page now too, but thanks for the commentary!

> 
> > This feedback maps to other examples too in the cover letter.
> >
> > BR, Jarkko
> 
> 
> I'll rework this with some definitions of the eBPF subsystem jargon
> along with your suggestions.

Yeah, you should be able to put the gist a factor better to nutshell :-)

> 
> -blaise

BR, Jarkko