From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Received: from perceval.ideasonboard.com (perceval.ideasonboard.com [213.167.242.64]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by smtp.subspace.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id B17A9314D08; Tue, 3 Feb 2026 23:43:57 +0000 (UTC) Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; arc=none smtp.client-ip=213.167.242.64 ARC-Seal:i=1; a=rsa-sha256; d=subspace.kernel.org; s=arc-20240116; t=1770162239; cv=none; b=X1yNQtMZ/Yes2O9bwaGhHvfWQ/gszVgIjzlfxwrMF5kwrV8v5rek78xHbSaMR2AePitaggu9stFZ8STlX3sdIK/xasQfh/TXraUUnAOGzvMB+Wc/k70JkU+yjylaRM8jcvslFI/axV57Gt4hwalstPR9nUaf6puc+0DiX88PbWo= ARC-Message-Signature:i=1; a=rsa-sha256; d=subspace.kernel.org; s=arc-20240116; t=1770162239; c=relaxed/simple; bh=uUkCh7jb9WAAMLcbrvXr12E4i+D/QWQa0txEqMbOBlg=; h=Date:From:To:Cc:Subject:Message-ID:References:MIME-Version: Content-Type:Content-Disposition:In-Reply-To; b=Z6JlIDr1OK4IHsEHjqGbl/UXD3ldmR/zRFCaTvkwt6FaW47RX2udUIX0wdzIhNJlkYDxRIIo7+szKwQkM4MUC3GemVFlzWVFn2moqXlfqyz+lzyXsm61mF7Wcn6tNmFo09wqOuBwFfxnhLUeAu2VcT/53tlYnHTx6zsQTs4zs10= ARC-Authentication-Results:i=1; smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dmarc=pass (p=none dis=none) header.from=ideasonboard.com; spf=pass smtp.mailfrom=ideasonboard.com; dkim=pass (1024-bit key) header.d=ideasonboard.com header.i=@ideasonboard.com header.b=Q6nCetGM; arc=none smtp.client-ip=213.167.242.64 Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dmarc=pass (p=none dis=none) header.from=ideasonboard.com Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; spf=pass smtp.mailfrom=ideasonboard.com Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dkim=pass (1024-bit key) header.d=ideasonboard.com header.i=@ideasonboard.com header.b="Q6nCetGM" Received: from killaraus.ideasonboard.com (2001-14ba-703d-e500--ff4.rev.dnainternet.fi [IPv6:2001:14ba:703d:e500::ff4]) by perceval.ideasonboard.com (Postfix) with UTF8SMTPSA id 676833A4; Wed, 4 Feb 2026 00:43:14 +0100 (CET) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=ideasonboard.com; s=mail; t=1770162194; bh=uUkCh7jb9WAAMLcbrvXr12E4i+D/QWQa0txEqMbOBlg=; h=Date:From:To:Cc:Subject:References:In-Reply-To:From; b=Q6nCetGMzRI7RpSUoPMpAuFLJJK6+mSxVU6TTdk/R4Qt+Jv5bY1qTBOQMDf1cCq5t Qh2ySnZb21vdb6y4k8ItPWEi0TgwjTyHKil7QIrcTxEqQlroLVhXvbjy+LMWMaEAM2 Zkj+w0ou3zs2eZxLcdSOK4VIdatGdHKH2+qvsiAQ= Date: Wed, 4 Feb 2026 01:43:54 +0200 From: Laurent Pinchart To: Jai Luthra Cc: Maxime Ripard , Mauro Carvalho Chehab , Mats Randgaard , Alain Volmat , Sakari Ailus , Hans Verkuil , linux-media@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, Hans Verkuil , Dave Stevenson Subject: Re: [PATCH v4 2/4] media: uapi: Introduce MEDIA_BUS_FMT_BGR565_1X16 Message-ID: <20260203234354.GD133801@killaraus> References: <20251013-csi-bgr-rgb-v4-2-55eab2caa69f@kernel.org> <20251026231553.GB9719@pendragon.ideasonboard.com> <20251026233308.GC9719@pendragon.ideasonboard.com> <20251208-powerful-penguin-of-reputation-ffdc5c@houat> <20260123153432.GA415966@killaraus> <20260128-neon-lyrical-pheasant-6cbdf2@houat> <20260128131903.GC3210848@killaraus> <177001699568.9154.17517527570808307498@freya> <20260202093105.GC3374091@killaraus> <177002946028.9154.2512834530413257039@freya> Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: linux-media@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 Content-Disposition: inline In-Reply-To: <177002946028.9154.2512834530413257039@freya> On Mon, Feb 02, 2026 at 04:21:00PM +0530, Jai Luthra wrote: > Quoting Laurent Pinchart (2026-02-02 15:01:05) > > On Mon, Feb 02, 2026 at 12:53:15PM +0530, Jai Luthra wrote: > > > Quoting Laurent Pinchart (2026-01-28 18:49:03) > > > > On Wed, Jan 28, 2026 at 01:32:15PM +0100, Maxime Ripard wrote: > > > > > On Fri, Jan 23, 2026 at 05:34:32PM +0200, Laurent Pinchart wrote: > > > > > > On Mon, Dec 08, 2025 at 04:32:33PM +0100, Maxime Ripard wrote: > > > > > > > On Mon, Oct 27, 2025 at 01:33:08AM +0200, Laurent Pinchart wrote: > > > > > > > > On Mon, Oct 27, 2025 at 01:15:54AM +0200, Laurent Pinchart wrote: > > > > > > > > > On Mon, Oct 13, 2025 at 01:01:34PM +0200, Maxime Ripard wrote: > > > > > > > > > > MIPI-CSI2 sends its RGB format on the wire with the blue component > > > > > > > > > > first, then green, then red. MIPI calls that format "RGB", but by v4l2 > > > > > > > > > > conventions it would be BGR. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > MIPI-CSI2 supports three RGB variants: 444, 555, 565, 666 and 888. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > We already have BGR666 and BGR888 media bus formats, we don't have any > > > > > > > > > > CSI transceivers using the 444 and 555 variants, but some transceivers > > > > > > > > > > use the CSI RGB565 format, while using the RGB565 media bus code. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > That's a mistake, but since we don't have a BGR565 media bus code we > > > > > > > > > > need to introduce one before fixing it. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Signed-off-by: Maxime Ripard > > > > > > > > > > --- > > > > > > > > > > .../userspace-api/media/v4l/subdev-formats.rst | 37 ++++++++++++++++++++++ > > > > > > > > > > include/uapi/linux/media-bus-format.h | 3 +- > > > > > > > > > > 2 files changed, 39 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > diff --git a/Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/subdev-formats.rst b/Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/subdev-formats.rst > > > > > > > > > > index 8e92f784abd8123f9ea950f954a60af56ee76dbe..def0d24ef6cdb1a2ec9395af1468f56adf31a8de 100644 > > > > > > > > > > --- a/Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/subdev-formats.rst > > > > > > > > > > +++ b/Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/subdev-formats.rst > > > > > > > > > > @@ -625,10 +625,47 @@ The following tables list existing packed RGB formats. > > > > > > > > > > - b\ :sub:`4` > > > > > > > > > > - b\ :sub:`3` > > > > > > > > > > - b\ :sub:`2` > > > > > > > > > > - b\ :sub:`1` > > > > > > > > > > - b\ :sub:`0` > > > > > > > > > > + * .. _MEDIA-BUS-FMT-BGR565-1X16: > > > > > > > > > > + > > > > > > > > > > + - MEDIA_BUS_FMT_BGR565_1X16 > > > > > > > > > > + - 0x1028 > > > > > > > > > > + - > > > > > > > > > > + - > > > > > > > > > > + - > > > > > > > > > > + - > > > > > > > > > > + - > > > > > > > > > > + - > > > > > > > > > > + - > > > > > > > > > > + - > > > > > > > > > > + - > > > > > > > > > > + - > > > > > > > > > > + - > > > > > > > > > > + - > > > > > > > > > > + - > > > > > > > > > > + - > > > > > > > > > > + - > > > > > > > > > > + - > > > > > > > > > > + - > > > > > > > > > > + - b\ :sub:`4` > > > > > > > > > > + - b\ :sub:`3` > > > > > > > > > > + - b\ :sub:`2` > > > > > > > > > > + - b\ :sub:`1` > > > > > > > > > > + - b\ :sub:`0` > > > > > > > > > > + - g\ :sub:`5` > > > > > > > > > > + - g\ :sub:`4` > > > > > > > > > > + - g\ :sub:`3` > > > > > > > > > > + - g\ :sub:`2` > > > > > > > > > > + - g\ :sub:`1` > > > > > > > > > > + - g\ :sub:`0` > > > > > > > > > > + - r\ :sub:`4` > > > > > > > > > > + - r\ :sub:`3` > > > > > > > > > > + - r\ :sub:`2` > > > > > > > > > > + - r\ :sub:`1` > > > > > > > > > > + - r\ :sub:`0` > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > We're definitely in convention territory, because this is not how 16-bit > > > > > > > > > RGB data is transmitted over CSI-2. CSI-2 transmits blue first, but > > > > > > > > > starts with bit 0, not bit 4. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Have you explored the alternative of picking the parallel bus code that > > > > > > > > > matches the serial order when transmitted with the least significant bit > > > > > > > > > first ? That would be MEDIA_BUS_FMT_RGB565_1X16 here, and > > > > > > > > > MEDIA_BUS_FMT_RGB888_1X24 for 24-bit RGB. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > To be clear, media bus codes are a matter of conventions. Some > > > > > > > > conventions would be easier to explain that others, and can also be more > > > > > > > > consistent with pixel format namings, but at the end of the day they're > > > > > > > > all conventions. While saying "pick the media bus code that transmits a > > > > > > > > pixel in one clock sample, with the bit order matching LSB-first > > > > > > > > transmission" could be the simplest to document, there will be a > > > > > > > > mismatch in component orders between the media bus code and the pixel > > > > > > > > format in some cases. There may also be more drivers implementing other > > > > > > > > conventions, making the transition more difficult. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > I'll be very busy the upcoming week and will likely not be able to > > > > > > > > participate in this discussion in the near future. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > For the record, we've discussed it on IRC recently. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > The suggestion to have all CSI Data Formats as MEDIA_BUS_FMT_RGB*_1X* > > > > > > > variants make sense to me. And we can easily document it, because we > > > > > > > could match the first bit transmitted with the least significant bit > > > > > > > of a media bus code indeed. > > > > > > > > > > > > That's one of the things I like about it, it's consistent and easy to > > > > > > document. Glad we agree :-) > > > > > > > > > > > > > Thus a sensor using RGB888 would register MEDIA_BUS_FMT_RGB888_1X24. > > > > > > > That's indeed the case right now with tc358743: > > > > > > > https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v6.18/source/drivers/media/i2c/tc358743.c#L1775 > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Unicam however hardcodes (and validates) that the v4l2 format codes > > > > > > > matches the media bus code of the other end: > > > > > > > > > > > > > > https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v6.18/source/drivers/media/platform/broadcom/bcm2835-unicam.c#L1333 > > > > > > > > > > > > > > That alone makes total sense, but it has an association between > > > > > > > V4l2_PIX_FMT_RGB24 and MEDIA_BUS_FMT_RGB888_1X24, and between > > > > > > > V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGR24 and MEDIA_BUS_FMT_BGR888_1X24 > > > > > > > > > > > > > > https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v6.18/source/drivers/media/platform/broadcom/bcm2835-unicam.c#L343 > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Using the convention you suggested, this association is wrong, and > > > > > > > V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGR24 should be associated MEDIA_BUS_FMT_RGB888_1X24. Thus, > > > > > > > the red and blue color components are mixed up. > > > > > > > > > > > > Correct. > > > > > > > > > > > > > I initially tried to fix it in my v1 by removing the RGB24 support > > > > > > > https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250606-rpi-unicam-rgb-bgr-fix-v1-1-9930b963f3eb@kernel.org/ > > > > > > > > > > > > > > This was shot down (rightfully) because it would still be broken. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > The second version changed the media bus tc358743 reported: > > > > > > > https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250612-csi-bgr-rgb-v1-0-dc8a309118f8@kernel.org/ > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Dave was against it because it would potentially break userspace, citing > > > > > > > Linus that we shouldn't break userspace ever. I understand and somewhat > > > > > > > agree with his point, but having two drivers reporting the same data > > > > > > > format but with a different meaning is also a way of breaking userspace. > > > > > > > > > > > > Yes, I would find that pretty bad, possibly even worse. > > > > > > > > > > > > > Anyway. It was then suggested to support both in the tc358743. That's > > > > > > > what the second, third and fourth that you commented on worked towards. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250911-csi-bgr-rgb-v2-0-e6c6b10c1040@kernel.org/ > > > > > > > https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250917-csi-bgr-rgb-v3-0-0145571b3aa4@kernel.org/ > > > > > > > https://lore.kernel.org/all/20251013-csi-bgr-rgb-v4-0-55eab2caa69f@kernel.org/ > > > > > > > > > > > > > > In order to implement your suggestion, I wouldn't to modify tc358743, > > > > > > > but would need to modify the association between the v4l2 format and > > > > > > > media bus code that unicam has. In a way, it's very similar to my first > > > > > > > version that got shot down, and suffers from the same flaws: we could > > > > > > > have a userspace application out there hardcoding formats and codes that > > > > > > > will get an error. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > So I'm not sure your suggestion really works, unless we reevaluate what > > > > > > > we mean by breaking userspace. Either way, I don't care, I just want to > > > > > > > get pixels in the expected (and documented!) order when using unicam. > > > > > > > > > > > > I've lost track of the status of this series and what your current > > > > > > suggestion is. Can we standardize on > > > > > > > > > > > > - Using MEDIA_BUS_FMT_RGB* > > > > > > > > > > I guess we can do that. > > > > > > > > > > > - Produce V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGR24 from MEDIA_BUS_FMT_RGB888_1X24 in unicam > > > > > > > > > > You called "pretty bad, possibly even worse" to do the exact opposite > > > > > (ie, change the bridge media bus to match unicam) because it would break > > > > > userspace. Changing the unicam media bus to match the bridge creates the > > > > > exact same situation. > > > > > > > > > > The alternative would still be to report both for the bridge, and invert > > > > > the current assocation for the v4l2 formats and mbus codes. > > > > > > > > > > > - Possibly implement backward compatibility somewhere (where ?) to avoid > > > > > > regressions, but with a big warning > > > > > > > > > > What would you improve there exactly? It's very clearly in the patches > > > > > already, so unless you have some specific comments I'm not really sure > > > > > what you want me to do. > > > > > > > > If we standardize on MEDIA_BUS_FMT_RGB*, then the issue is in the unicam > > > > driver, not in the tc358743 driver. Is it possible to implement the > > > > backward compatibility (with a warning) in unicam instead of tc358743 ? > > > > > > Not just unicam. TI's CSI driver (j721e-csi2rx.c) also uses: > > > > > > V4L2_PIX_FMT_XBGR32 for MEDIA_BUS_FMT_RGB888_1X24 (and vice versa) > > > > That is not necessarily wrong. The mapping between media bus codes and > > pixel formats is device-dependent. Does the upstream j721e-csi2rx driver > > map MEDIA_BUS_FMT_RGB888_1X24 to V4L2_PIX_FMT_XBGR32 but actually writes > > a different pixel format to memory ? > > From the TRM, MIPI RGB888 unpacks to: > BYTE0 BYTE1 BYTE2 BYTE3 > BBBBBBBB GGGGGGGG RRRRRRRR 00000000 > > Which is V4L2_PIX_FMT_XBGR32 I believe. Correct, it's V4L2_PIX_FMT_XBGR32. Where's the problem ? The mapping between a media bus code and a pixel format is device-dependent, j721e-csi2rx and unicam don't have to use the same mapping. > > > (my 2 cents) It's better to have backward compatibility in drivers that > > > currently don't follow the Media documentation. I agree the docs are > > > confusing, they tripped me up too, but there are already userspace > > > scripts/applications that TI / beagle users use that follow those confusing > > > docs :) -- Regards, Laurent Pinchart