From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Received: from CH5PR02CU005.outbound.protection.outlook.com (mail-northcentralusazon11012007.outbound.protection.outlook.com [40.107.200.7]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by smtp.subspace.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id AA372285068; Tue, 24 Feb 2026 10:32:22 +0000 (UTC) Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; arc=fail smtp.client-ip=40.107.200.7 ARC-Seal:i=2; a=rsa-sha256; d=subspace.kernel.org; s=arc-20240116; t=1771929144; cv=fail; b=JgKsX4R7Z/a8VgL33oZwI4v84SHPQEedMa3nwUTt6dt81T7yjbKQDLII4PsMKDWxYBC/RJ3ReersofnAazRDCYHwqNLCTVsUw17fwAvOtbLZSUh2CBo703oKYqsKzv6jxVf4KJrsWL1kvk63oe35s8D28RXxNDNOy6TeEBaMTlE= ARC-Message-Signature:i=2; a=rsa-sha256; d=subspace.kernel.org; s=arc-20240116; t=1771929144; c=relaxed/simple; bh=JKWnm6v3/wdRUKhj8a5j3cHowaHO6PiEBtwHeQhFSu4=; h=Message-ID:Date:Subject:To:Cc:References:From:In-Reply-To: Content-Type:MIME-Version; b=G3UslqthdaoA/He3/0aegRL+0tGfJPy4ATf+foTMH3oSFJQ754jxyUSdyi2WSKheJ5+x4JzKanrZ1nac3NqZieBGq3YaUzabCtDOj/+rUiOzr/C6REMrzpWP1Wbmef8Bjfm7PFBpLAlmyIkSw2pd0dwFY45RR3dx+Iv7iu19GTw= ARC-Authentication-Results:i=2; smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dmarc=pass (p=quarantine dis=none) header.from=amd.com; spf=fail smtp.mailfrom=amd.com; dkim=pass (1024-bit key) header.d=amd.com header.i=@amd.com header.b=eOf1sCHu; arc=fail smtp.client-ip=40.107.200.7 Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dmarc=pass (p=quarantine dis=none) header.from=amd.com Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; spf=fail smtp.mailfrom=amd.com Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dkim=pass (1024-bit key) header.d=amd.com header.i=@amd.com header.b="eOf1sCHu" ARC-Seal: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; s=arcselector10001; d=microsoft.com; cv=none; b=F9W3+2xvV9j8CankmCX0Rj3YWWv6UdJuRYETedVIGQXDURoL7azgmUf0vdX4a5xl4ymVL6KOgFyvjIGZorfXTdNqPykNZD21WyJ/F0KRD3wXpAHVjudMSXyvxCS2pnwY3Z914f7jDo7YVQGkxx++musJZM8XJBkgfI6/t9AqYnPZnqhUtB1G/S0a6CQOOA/gORUQWCoft2G7s/SEkgRZ6YZBh8RmU2FE07kEt0kq+Uj/hJA1ygOjVMH7oFJE16np8HPK7psYhdSmH6Ida+pLVJH+MZJ9MdB1b0EWsPzZYe7Qc5haHZ5nTnSsv8dGCUm8BQiICCivgmi+NniKrTF9ZQ== ARC-Message-Signature: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=microsoft.com; s=arcselector10001; h=From:Date:Subject:Message-ID:Content-Type:MIME-Version:X-MS-Exchange-AntiSpam-MessageData-ChunkCount:X-MS-Exchange-AntiSpam-MessageData-0:X-MS-Exchange-AntiSpam-MessageData-1; bh=McHP4EbfknJIFR04iPYf1l9yNqjeo/ecvTpxqQk2St8=; b=DYtCmgXvrdkhNhYKXX0B2j+hfYBT5A933T93YDBg69gYSCwX6B4asbMlYp7hJDT8D468ch2Y4vgjykj/tTgcyT1hkD0MxK1b8t+jRL6zfYP18Vi4HoucWy+SHzurCuThoJHiYKYJTnaFxHZHx0Za0Im6gaa/np1+WTWm1E+z2obZbfGZRIEWRgIMaH4ezN3A5SaVcNqFqXopftyy1qgGkItAZILI1Ure3QWweHrvTOxN4z4okBMF/usiEDfGjQqsS0WPUViJtkkw3NuVR+JEBQ36KJ7NZy3u1mEr8/njij5JK8jTyy45JHFsbCencJwt3uR/6f6h9Z2p2dumZP6QzA== ARC-Authentication-Results: i=1; mx.microsoft.com 1; spf=pass smtp.mailfrom=amd.com; dmarc=pass action=none header.from=amd.com; dkim=pass header.d=amd.com; arc=none DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=amd.com; s=selector1; h=From:Date:Subject:Message-ID:Content-Type:MIME-Version:X-MS-Exchange-SenderADCheck; bh=McHP4EbfknJIFR04iPYf1l9yNqjeo/ecvTpxqQk2St8=; b=eOf1sCHu9YnAy+dSP8OSKXCbbVxdk3nRKoEBwc2eVMO4JiNKEfcB1E3qbh4qN4zXq1YixsQvSfrs8NEeFkrkYKaWimwFdeOkyXaG6GszsQMtBkMTUL/WJ6QSQhuLXRtvu+ofubpvsrZyp50SkrMKopd3p1LnePGQGm0CkZoLOXQ= Authentication-Results: dkim=none (message not signed) header.d=none;dmarc=none action=none header.from=amd.com; Received: from PH7PR12MB5685.namprd12.prod.outlook.com (2603:10b6:510:13c::22) by IA1PR12MB8517.namprd12.prod.outlook.com (2603:10b6:208:449::8) with Microsoft SMTP Server (version=TLS1_2, cipher=TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384) id 15.20.9632.22; Tue, 24 Feb 2026 10:32:19 +0000 Received: from PH7PR12MB5685.namprd12.prod.outlook.com ([fe80::ce69:cfae:774d:a65c]) by PH7PR12MB5685.namprd12.prod.outlook.com ([fe80::ce69:cfae:774d:a65c%5]) with mapi id 15.20.9632.017; Tue, 24 Feb 2026 10:32:19 +0000 Message-ID: <56400505-8a13-4cb2-864c-cb785e4b38d4@amd.com> Date: Tue, 24 Feb 2026 11:32:03 +0100 User-Agent: Mozilla Thunderbird Subject: Re: [PATCH v2 0/3] dma-buf: heaps: cma: enable dmem cgroup accounting To: Maxime Ripard Cc: "T.J. Mercier" , Eric Chanudet , Sumit Semwal , Benjamin Gaignard , Brian Starkey , John Stultz , Andrew Morton , David Hildenbrand , Lorenzo Stoakes , "Liam R. Howlett" , Vlastimil Babka , Mike Rapoport , Suren Baghdasaryan , Michal Hocko , linux-media@vger.kernel.org, dri-devel@lists.freedesktop.org, linaro-mm-sig@lists.linaro.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, Albert Esteve , linux-mm@kvack.org, Yosry Ahmed , Shakeel Butt , David Airlie References: <20260218-dmabuf-heap-cma-dmem-v2-0-b249886fb7b2@redhat.com> <20260224-solemn-spider-of-serendipity-0d8b94@houat> Content-Language: en-US From: =?UTF-8?Q?Christian_K=C3=B6nig?= In-Reply-To: <20260224-solemn-spider-of-serendipity-0d8b94@houat> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-ClientProxiedBy: FR4P281CA0151.DEUP281.PROD.OUTLOOK.COM (2603:10a6:d10:ba::17) To PH7PR12MB5685.namprd12.prod.outlook.com (2603:10b6:510:13c::22) Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: linux-media@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 X-MS-PublicTrafficType: Email X-MS-TrafficTypeDiagnostic: PH7PR12MB5685:EE_|IA1PR12MB8517:EE_ X-MS-Office365-Filtering-Correlation-Id: ec36f7f1-21ea-4d0a-875a-08de738ffca0 X-MS-Exchange-SenderADCheck: 1 X-MS-Exchange-AntiSpam-Relay: 0 X-Microsoft-Antispam: BCL:0;ARA:13230040|376014|7416014|366016|1800799024; X-Microsoft-Antispam-Message-Info: =?utf-8?B?NHVvQmtFcmhJM1plZGRtUTdzOFYvUmNpT05GZnNDTkVQYUxsOHdNRUFsbU8x?= =?utf-8?B?bXhpckpMZGlDZms1NUdIODdQWm5NYjQ3Ui9iblpuKzF3Y1l2K2k4dDNKelA3?= =?utf-8?B?cEE0b0FBVFQwR3lQOUpoV2pqS2lqaldSeUZvSGJLS1RmUTg5NndaMTV5L21W?= =?utf-8?B?aWpuNE9wMllDcUJvaEJ6WHM3aFF5bklCTGNiV2hjdVZKNmFUM2NHNUh2Y3Uz?= =?utf-8?B?YVZzdTY1b1piU1A4TE8vSkU4dDdSd3dNQ2dnWHFHVzEvT0pqUkt1STBGeVhW?= =?utf-8?B?ZnpHbk1DN2kvYjAyMnBjVGoyOWhoWUZFbFNTT3VtOHhITW5rNjk2OFBHL0Mw?= =?utf-8?B?d1Z5SzRxb2djSklMaXFtNEtJK3Q1YkJ6K2dmS2VQSWtTQ1QxWXU3K3luVjc0?= =?utf-8?B?WVp6bG1OSWNzd25JaCtiTUtqNFBzcmtnTjQ1N1FUdDB2TnE2S3krQkVIenVQ?= =?utf-8?B?d1lsbXNLSFRWOW01MHJXYzhrVlB4ODZEcHEzNXFiM0RObjZVd0pqa3ZHdFpV?= =?utf-8?B?ZHNDcFRSK2l0UDBxdllTNWJCTmhaWitERUJlb2VyS0FTeVY1MVZtdDdJMis1?= =?utf-8?B?VW13MGtvVk9kZ01NS1BRcHJkamdZTUtLU2JyanB1Y1NhNVA1TXdEYTcwWmRp?= =?utf-8?B?TVh0Z3IvZExZSE1XKzd6bFJub1Z2YXZOcGhxY0dta1FDNWJlc0JXVkJVMEw2?= =?utf-8?B?cnV0WVE2VmFTUmc3S01QQW16eGdzb1pHRG0xcHlBSkZXVUdWMWhERlhlUlBn?= =?utf-8?B?TUpNaEhiN1Z2aWZ5Szhoc3FDalJyTHh6ZnBIZmRMWUtCdXhSSTN4NW03QzZF?= =?utf-8?B?eGpVdkZ2dkhkRkQ2M3FnTHl4QXJMUjFRUHZUT2NXeVVseXJKWHVTUFlGdHA5?= =?utf-8?B?S1RLTEwxZGVreHVxNXdDSEd3WkJubGovcGY1cVpIbnpSSzlwWDcyR05XTVpv?= =?utf-8?B?bUt6YS82cm1Udi8vYWpQSzM3eWRZSEtqUHdtWXhVVVdwNU1wVFp3TGRFSjJK?= =?utf-8?B?UWNzUThRbnlFOFdZeExGcHo5WGxzTmVpOGxLRElqOWlWZGRJUVNrbFV5SW9m?= =?utf-8?B?SWJaZ2NtWldyWDRSbUc0Wm53MWpVU2FiMnpjWmJIUldlZzZRdTlibDVLdjdL?= =?utf-8?B?Tnc2OGpBR3VLV3Zaek56Q25sRUR2Q0FvS2h3YlNmdGIxRjlYUEExcDUvWlph?= =?utf-8?B?UVlrWWVwVkNVU1QrdnExQ2ErdTJCQ1ZEYmZyblJBOHRPbkNqRDhNMEg0OWp1?= =?utf-8?B?ejJ4cHBBeXRma3F0WjJka0MvSmI0UU01N1ljTWxkTFQ3UTh2WTdpMkErdUJB?= =?utf-8?B?eVI5aVkzYVR0alNtVU4zUGx1SDhuL3UwSVVpdDVkVC9VdjNnZ255YnZSSFpx?= =?utf-8?B?NVJnNVMxd1VtS095WENNSHc2SUxPWWJoRktCWTY4ME9vLzdlUzhIM3E1U0RT?= =?utf-8?B?LzJYRkxpalpjUFZHbFlJdVdIZTVuY3F2cWE5cVNJUXJLVndtVEhibG1IZUt4?= =?utf-8?B?N3FobExMNTMrZ3FQSFpLbzFlVlF0Sk14UEpYMGJyM3ZzZVNSeDZHMmx2NmhZ?= =?utf-8?B?bW83ZCtQWkpzMzJya0lnck4rRGk3YVVrbGFTWlFiL24va2dzTzJjUEhhaXhB?= =?utf-8?B?UTZ1Qm9scDh4SWMwZ3lBS2pBeDdrOTc4NHFpRHd2TnJpS3JNcjcxaHU1SjAz?= =?utf-8?B?UHVkRVljWGtXRlVHS0RCdDJHdElIN2RWSlMxNENhWnd5MFIrQkJYVjZPTjhR?= =?utf-8?B?VTFTVGJpK3AzRGttd25pYlZBSkhTeUwwVnpkRVI5MENjYnFVOU02U1lmSFk3?= =?utf-8?B?dVgrU21rdXExTnU5SzdPUkMxYms2cXZ4QzB0ZitqT00vWVlDS09RajVTemd5?= =?utf-8?B?bno0K1Y5dndRWmRkZTBjM1pjYnFZODZnSlVnS2VmWnVaMWUzaUVvMnlibzJo?= =?utf-8?B?bVhGdXlNL3ZIWnN5R0ErbzRaSVQ4SThFWWtzbDNud0RETmJNV0hUVk12SFJh?= =?utf-8?B?QkVvTGl4K2pRYWI0RTNiZWd5WEQwTytQZmhITStQaW84d3h5dFB6Z08zRm0w?= =?utf-8?B?SlhUNzJMcHpXQjJyemZlRk91YXhha1QvWFhpbUNOUnhXVG1YMzRjamV5b1F4?= =?utf-8?Q?XUQc=3D?= X-Forefront-Antispam-Report: CIP:255.255.255.255;CTRY:;LANG:en;SCL:1;SRV:;IPV:NLI;SFV:NSPM;H:PH7PR12MB5685.namprd12.prod.outlook.com;PTR:;CAT:NONE;SFS:(13230040)(376014)(7416014)(366016)(1800799024);DIR:OUT;SFP:1101; X-MS-Exchange-AntiSpam-MessageData-ChunkCount: 1 X-MS-Exchange-AntiSpam-MessageData-0: =?utf-8?B?cEs3LytDK09nUTF3em01NHBESW9iOVVXZGI2RHdsb3ErNHpvbEtDT1FmYm1O?= =?utf-8?B?SENoNEsyUnBnKzJLcXN5VFpyd01GSmo3RHdRSHllSlZTNStxc051QWl3L1Jr?= =?utf-8?B?YmxadDkyN3NoekFLMzFJZWF0MjlCa05DbnJPMVhheWJVWEErNUMra2lnYnNm?= =?utf-8?B?SmpGZThURUlXamhydEhaODBWWFpRODlaV0FoSWJBdHpPMTFIWDhPMW1oYVVr?= =?utf-8?B?N2NJME5KRWVrV0RwazBweXdnemdmQjR4VWdqTzBIL2VoeDd3UUEwSjdYZTgx?= =?utf-8?B?Wjg1Qk8rWGhpSjFqWXNnUUdVVXdMcmd0aW5FU3JFNHVxWWRmTUVQSnhNMThL?= =?utf-8?B?Rm1PY1ZWbTdsREh1NFVhUlI4eWQ0UzhDNWdQaVVBa2JpRWREdzBwVWprdnht?= =?utf-8?B?WGhuUTNreHA1RTJqUHNvMGZvQmg0NFZjYXZBbStlWldzOHovT3p6Nmx4dkxo?= =?utf-8?B?VERyUFNTTDE4bEVDbmZjTnZnWm9rYjFWRFdpc05xSnhkYjZxYXhCNWRxZG9m?= =?utf-8?B?WmJmN1VaaWRNdWpBcmdtN1Qwb1VEVnorcWpKc29SVWVaeldOcXQrTEN5QWxx?= =?utf-8?B?QXowSTBIWWlHZUJJbTk5N1BqTWlCdHZuMDJ1ZGQ0eDVNcWg1VzY4T256MzR0?= =?utf-8?B?ZXU3d3JZY0FrWXFQTVZ6VHFleU16Y0tDdnNReVhGQWZJNGFybnJVNEFpODE1?= =?utf-8?B?RXBZc293bk1rZGpEdVV1WE1KWml3MW0zcmJSaWo5elY2YmVSNnZEQ0t1aDl3?= =?utf-8?B?b1VKd1ZncU8vckg3SjlGVGRKSFdSbXNGN0s1aVMxMFMvaW9RY280U3Zxbjg5?= =?utf-8?B?TlhzY2NIdUdLSjU5dXRKNVpuNmNXOHhsL0gzNis0SC9DYUR6RkZ0a2tCSFhY?= =?utf-8?B?QXVXUithd21WaVc4eW9jUm91cWlPZnBCREtCazJzay85aXl0eTdMczZPQitG?= =?utf-8?B?QnVhTTNIZ29ENnNzRHV2ZDVCYWoxMWFtZDFLVGp1SnF4MXBFUU02cC9mYTJj?= =?utf-8?B?eVQ2QkJrd2dsYVpsV2VjVWQ4dStrckZxUjRURlRYQjVtM2VhTGRVMTQ2UWww?= =?utf-8?B?d21jOWMyQTM3YmUveXk0NjlIM1M2dFhKUUF6ZnVKZjdTZGJld2lrUzZwMXVH?= =?utf-8?B?QXRQbjhKTm9COXpjK2wyMTRGR0FXRm4zUnpDMk43TkRuY2lJTnJFUEFnbXV3?= =?utf-8?B?VXpEVk1PTEdWNUxSUVd4ZlFoTk9aNnVvSE5RWFJ4SmF4bk5qMTdYUHlZK3lS?= =?utf-8?B?ejNIM0VQVG1iUmNkZFdRbG1PcUdMMjZVenhQSk1qVlpESEN4ZnRPbEk4MGZY?= =?utf-8?B?Zjl0cGkyQ0tYYW9PNDF4enRLcTJJalphN1RNclJXS0VCWjRiQ3MwaXQvUzh3?= =?utf-8?B?UXl6Z040Y2xpSlE0d2JFd0ZtS3NmR2VsVEZkcVBnUFdtVHJTUjlGbmlmTWVS?= =?utf-8?B?QmpKSDRkUC9IZWQrNitRSUhUckhhL0ZFTzRkTEJsS3hvSUFHbzJKSkErMnVk?= =?utf-8?B?REx5TXlYZm9VaG1wVXFjcGFpUDFvY2hLV2dlNHZzSVNFbXAyZWhMOS9MRzh5?= =?utf-8?B?ZnRlYXBOWkhuYmJlVEEyREZaekpZOG1HbUk2MjVtejgvOXNndlJnOGpiSDVy?= =?utf-8?B?c2s4U2s4TnZsQkFmTDBUVS9RVFZYVjlaQWxBa0swSTZkdWwvb1VBMlNsNEJh?= =?utf-8?B?OG5FSTdzQ09hMnNpVk83MTBTVkpUVXhQVi9seEtPQ0hQR3QrSXlIZ1BmMk5O?= =?utf-8?B?c3lacDdzVXVpSnZ5Z3h2SFFueHVRekJIaDR4N0l5bW5RNUtTRDJ5RHdaNHFE?= =?utf-8?B?V2p5Q1kxVFE0SURVNEpxSnpMclRnL0ZPNzhHay9pSmQ3VFNjWXV5TlFkd0lr?= =?utf-8?B?anNzUnEyRDVzWEdkQzI0bHp5N1lyK1RYNk44RGswN1JwbUdlcm5lREFHbEtU?= =?utf-8?B?OUlPSnFjNnRVTDRYNVFoK3VKWENZOEV6VFJJNCtya2JPZUpxSXFSMks5SFZ6?= =?utf-8?B?UjB6YjZQQ3E4cHZQWitncitpMVd3cVIwbldJRmdpMzluaHFjenpGa3RHUElO?= =?utf-8?B?NnNIVEliVzJHRERvMzVSakpPZHNNcTF4M1k3NXI5MVNWa0MyMjduR2M1MGQ0?= =?utf-8?B?Uk1EMmZWUzZSeElRS3FJYU93WE05czVnMmhUM1VJeDBQakx5ZTNwcTFjekZq?= =?utf-8?B?LzVDaDYzSjZzR2ZLbGdIRk9FWkcydlpMQUNDbjRGc0d3K1F1TG41WHY1K0Vk?= =?utf-8?B?L1p5cmhkVXM2NUFoVTM1eGQ1WjIvVEswVTVTN3Q4UWVpQlUrU056dGhIeW9z?= =?utf-8?Q?pzhqCfcqisxbajHhzm?= X-OriginatorOrg: amd.com X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-Network-Message-Id: ec36f7f1-21ea-4d0a-875a-08de738ffca0 X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-AuthSource: PH7PR12MB5685.namprd12.prod.outlook.com X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-AuthAs: Internal X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-OriginalArrivalTime: 24 Feb 2026 10:32:19.2701 (UTC) X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-FromEntityHeader: Hosted X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-Id: 3dd8961f-e488-4e60-8e11-a82d994e183d X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-MailboxType: HOSTED X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-UserPrincipalName: B36yyBM7aw0tnVL7ehrP9A69zcryfct5MbEKM/8Bgbb4yDHsBzpe/tLqCIZNENGJ X-MS-Exchange-Transport-CrossTenantHeadersStamped: IA1PR12MB8517 On 2/24/26 10:43, Maxime Ripard wrote: > Hi Christian, > > On Fri, Feb 20, 2026 at 10:45:08AM +0100, Christian König wrote: >> On 2/20/26 02:14, T.J. Mercier wrote: >>> On Wed, Feb 18, 2026 at 9:15 AM Eric Chanudet wrote: >>> >>> Hi Eric, >>> >>>> An earlier series[1] from Maxime introduced dmem to the cma allocator in >>>> an attempt to use it generally for dma-buf. Restart from there and apply >>>> the charge in the narrower context of the CMA dma-buf heap instead. >>>> >>>> In line with introducing cgroup to the system heap[2], this behavior is >>>> enabled based on dma_heap.mem_accounting, disabled by default. >>>> >>>> dmem is chosen for CMA heaps as it allows limits to be set for each >>>> region backing each heap. The charge is only put in the dma-buf heap for >>>> now as it guaranties it can be accounted against a userspace process >>>> that requested the allocation. >>> >>> But CMA memory is system memory, and regular (non-CMA) movable >>> allocations can occur out of these CMA areas. So this splits system >>> memory accounting between memcg (from [2]) and dmem. If I want to put >>> a limit on system memory use I have to adjust multiple limits (memcg + >>> dmems) and know how to divide the total between them all. >>> >>> How do you envision using this combination of different controllers? >> >> Yeah we have this problem pretty much everywhere. >> >> There are both use cases where you want to account device allocations >> to memcg and when you don't want that. >> >> From what I know at the moment it would be best if the administrator >> could say for each dmem if it should account additionally to memcg or >> not. >> >> Using module parameters to enable/disable it globally is just a >> workaround as far as I can see. > > That's a pretty good idea! It would indeed be a solution that could > satisfy everyone (I assume?). I think so yeah. >From what I have seen we have three different use cases: 1. local device memory (VRAM), GTT/CMA and memcg are completely separate domains and you want to have completely separate values as limit for them. 2. local device memory (VRAM) is separate. GTT/CMA are accounted to memcg, you can still have separate values as limit so that nobody over allocates CMA (for example). 3. All three are accounted to memcg because system memory is actually used as fallback if applications over allocate device local memory. It's debatable what should be the default, but we clearly need to handle all three use cases. Potentially even on the same system. Regards, Christian. > > Maxime