* [PATCH 1/8] staging: zsmalloc: add gfp flags to zs_create_pool
2012-12-11 21:55 [PATCH 0/8] zswap: compressed swap caching Seth Jennings
@ 2012-12-11 21:55 ` Seth Jennings
2012-12-11 21:56 ` [PATCH 2/8] staging: zsmalloc: remove unsed pool name Seth Jennings
` (10 subsequent siblings)
11 siblings, 0 replies; 38+ messages in thread
From: Seth Jennings @ 2012-12-11 21:55 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Greg Kroah-Hartman, Andrew Morton
Cc: Seth Jennings, Nitin Gupta, Minchan Kim, Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk,
Dan Magenheimer, Robert Jennings, Jenifer Hopper, Mel Gorman,
Johannes Weiner, Rik van Riel, Larry Woodman, linux-mm,
linux-kernel, devel
zs_create_pool() currently takes a gfp flags argument
that is used when growing the memory pool. However
it is not used in allocating the metadata for the pool
itself. That is currently hardcoded to GFP_KERNEL.
zswap calls zs_create_pool() at swapon time which is done
in atomic context, resulting in a "might sleep" warning.
This patch changes the meaning of the flags argument in
zs_create_pool() to mean the flags for the metadata allocation,
and adds a flags argument to zs_malloc that will be used for
memory pool growth if required.
Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
---
drivers/staging/zcache/zcache-main.c | 4 ++--
drivers/staging/zram/zram_drv.c | 4 ++--
drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc-main.c | 9 +++------
drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc.h | 2 +-
4 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)
diff --git a/drivers/staging/zcache/zcache-main.c b/drivers/staging/zcache/zcache-main.c
index 52b43b7..674c754 100644
--- a/drivers/staging/zcache/zcache-main.c
+++ b/drivers/staging/zcache/zcache-main.c
@@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ static unsigned long zv_create(struct zs_pool *pool, uint32_t pool_id,
BUG_ON(!irqs_disabled());
BUG_ON(chunks >= NCHUNKS);
- handle = zs_malloc(pool, size);
+ handle = zs_malloc(pool, size, ZCACHE_GFP_MASK);
if (!handle)
goto out;
atomic_inc(&zv_curr_dist_counts[chunks]);
@@ -982,7 +982,7 @@ int zcache_new_client(uint16_t cli_id)
goto out;
cli->allocated = 1;
#ifdef CONFIG_FRONTSWAP
- cli->zspool = zs_create_pool("zcache", ZCACHE_GFP_MASK);
+ cli->zspool = zs_create_pool("zcache", GFP_KERNEL);
if (cli->zspool == NULL)
goto out;
idr_init(&cli->tmem_pools);
diff --git a/drivers/staging/zram/zram_drv.c b/drivers/staging/zram/zram_drv.c
index fb4a7c9..13e9b4b 100644
--- a/drivers/staging/zram/zram_drv.c
+++ b/drivers/staging/zram/zram_drv.c
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ static int zram_bvec_write(struct zram *zram, struct bio_vec *bvec, u32 index,
clen = PAGE_SIZE;
}
- handle = zs_malloc(zram->mem_pool, clen);
+ handle = zs_malloc(zram->mem_pool, clen, GFP_NOIO | __GFP_HIGHMEM);
if (!handle) {
pr_info("Error allocating memory for compressed "
"page: %u, size=%zu\n", index, clen);
@@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ int zram_init_device(struct zram *zram)
/* zram devices sort of resembles non-rotational disks */
queue_flag_set_unlocked(QUEUE_FLAG_NONROT, zram->disk->queue);
- zram->mem_pool = zs_create_pool("zram", GFP_NOIO | __GFP_HIGHMEM);
+ zram->mem_pool = zs_create_pool("zram", GFP_KERNEL);
if (!zram->mem_pool) {
pr_err("Error creating memory pool\n");
ret = -ENOMEM;
diff --git a/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc-main.c b/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc-main.c
index 09a9d35..6ff380e 100644
--- a/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc-main.c
+++ b/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc-main.c
@@ -205,8 +205,6 @@ struct link_free {
struct zs_pool {
struct size_class size_class[ZS_SIZE_CLASSES];
-
- gfp_t flags; /* allocation flags used when growing pool */
const char *name;
};
@@ -807,7 +805,7 @@ struct zs_pool *zs_create_pool(const char *name, gfp_t flags)
return NULL;
ovhd_size = roundup(sizeof(*pool), PAGE_SIZE);
- pool = kzalloc(ovhd_size, GFP_KERNEL);
+ pool = kzalloc(ovhd_size, flags);
if (!pool)
return NULL;
@@ -827,7 +825,6 @@ struct zs_pool *zs_create_pool(const char *name, gfp_t flags)
}
- pool->flags = flags;
pool->name = name;
return pool;
@@ -863,7 +860,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(zs_destroy_pool);
* otherwise 0.
* Allocation requests with size > ZS_MAX_ALLOC_SIZE will fail.
*/
-unsigned long zs_malloc(struct zs_pool *pool, size_t size)
+unsigned long zs_malloc(struct zs_pool *pool, size_t size, gfp_t flags)
{
unsigned long obj;
struct link_free *link;
@@ -885,7 +882,7 @@ unsigned long zs_malloc(struct zs_pool *pool, size_t size)
if (!first_page) {
spin_unlock(&class->lock);
- first_page = alloc_zspage(class, pool->flags);
+ first_page = alloc_zspage(class, flags);
if (unlikely(!first_page))
return 0;
diff --git a/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc.h b/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc.h
index de2e8bf..907ff03 100644
--- a/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc.h
+++ b/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ struct zs_pool;
struct zs_pool *zs_create_pool(const char *name, gfp_t flags);
void zs_destroy_pool(struct zs_pool *pool);
-unsigned long zs_malloc(struct zs_pool *pool, size_t size);
+unsigned long zs_malloc(struct zs_pool *pool, size_t size, gfp_t flags);
void zs_free(struct zs_pool *pool, unsigned long obj);
void *zs_map_object(struct zs_pool *pool, unsigned long handle,
--
1.7.9.5
--
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^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread* [PATCH 2/8] staging: zsmalloc: remove unsed pool name
2012-12-11 21:55 [PATCH 0/8] zswap: compressed swap caching Seth Jennings
2012-12-11 21:55 ` [PATCH 1/8] staging: zsmalloc: add gfp flags to zs_create_pool Seth Jennings
@ 2012-12-11 21:56 ` Seth Jennings
2012-12-11 21:56 ` [PATCH 3/8] staging: zsmalloc: add page alloc/free callbacks Seth Jennings
` (9 subsequent siblings)
11 siblings, 0 replies; 38+ messages in thread
From: Seth Jennings @ 2012-12-11 21:56 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Greg Kroah-Hartman, Andrew Morton
Cc: Seth Jennings, Nitin Gupta, Minchan Kim, Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk,
Dan Magenheimer, Robert Jennings, Jenifer Hopper, Mel Gorman,
Johannes Weiner, Rik van Riel, Larry Woodman, linux-mm,
linux-kernel, devel
zs_create_pool() currently takes a name argument which is
never used in any useful way.
This patch removes it.
Signed-off-by: Seth Jennnings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
---
drivers/staging/zcache/zcache-main.c | 2 +-
drivers/staging/zram/zram_drv.c | 2 +-
drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc-main.c | 7 +------
drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc.h | 2 +-
4 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
diff --git a/drivers/staging/zcache/zcache-main.c b/drivers/staging/zcache/zcache-main.c
index 674c754..6fa9f9a 100644
--- a/drivers/staging/zcache/zcache-main.c
+++ b/drivers/staging/zcache/zcache-main.c
@@ -982,7 +982,7 @@ int zcache_new_client(uint16_t cli_id)
goto out;
cli->allocated = 1;
#ifdef CONFIG_FRONTSWAP
- cli->zspool = zs_create_pool("zcache", GFP_KERNEL);
+ cli->zspool = zs_create_pool(GFP_KERNEL);
if (cli->zspool == NULL)
goto out;
idr_init(&cli->tmem_pools);
diff --git a/drivers/staging/zram/zram_drv.c b/drivers/staging/zram/zram_drv.c
index 13e9b4b..13d9f6d 100644
--- a/drivers/staging/zram/zram_drv.c
+++ b/drivers/staging/zram/zram_drv.c
@@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ int zram_init_device(struct zram *zram)
/* zram devices sort of resembles non-rotational disks */
queue_flag_set_unlocked(QUEUE_FLAG_NONROT, zram->disk->queue);
- zram->mem_pool = zs_create_pool("zram", GFP_KERNEL);
+ zram->mem_pool = zs_create_pool(GFP_KERNEL);
if (!zram->mem_pool) {
pr_err("Error creating memory pool\n");
ret = -ENOMEM;
diff --git a/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc-main.c b/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc-main.c
index 6ff380e..5e212c0 100644
--- a/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc-main.c
+++ b/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc-main.c
@@ -796,14 +796,11 @@ fail:
return notifier_to_errno(ret);
}
-struct zs_pool *zs_create_pool(const char *name, gfp_t flags)
+struct zs_pool *zs_create_pool(gfp_t flags)
{
int i, ovhd_size;
struct zs_pool *pool;
- if (!name)
- return NULL;
-
ovhd_size = roundup(sizeof(*pool), PAGE_SIZE);
pool = kzalloc(ovhd_size, flags);
if (!pool)
@@ -825,8 +822,6 @@ struct zs_pool *zs_create_pool(const char *name, gfp_t flags)
}
- pool->name = name;
-
return pool;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(zs_create_pool);
diff --git a/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc.h b/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc.h
index 907ff03..25a4b4d 100644
--- a/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc.h
+++ b/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc.h
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ enum zs_mapmode {
struct zs_pool;
-struct zs_pool *zs_create_pool(const char *name, gfp_t flags);
+struct zs_pool *zs_create_pool(gfp_t flags);
void zs_destroy_pool(struct zs_pool *pool);
unsigned long zs_malloc(struct zs_pool *pool, size_t size, gfp_t flags);
--
1.7.9.5
--
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^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread* [PATCH 3/8] staging: zsmalloc: add page alloc/free callbacks
2012-12-11 21:55 [PATCH 0/8] zswap: compressed swap caching Seth Jennings
2012-12-11 21:55 ` [PATCH 1/8] staging: zsmalloc: add gfp flags to zs_create_pool Seth Jennings
2012-12-11 21:56 ` [PATCH 2/8] staging: zsmalloc: remove unsed pool name Seth Jennings
@ 2012-12-11 21:56 ` Seth Jennings
2012-12-11 21:56 ` [PATCH 4/8] staging: zsmalloc: make CLASS_DELTA relative to PAGE_SIZE Seth Jennings
` (8 subsequent siblings)
11 siblings, 0 replies; 38+ messages in thread
From: Seth Jennings @ 2012-12-11 21:56 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Greg Kroah-Hartman, Andrew Morton
Cc: Seth Jennings, Nitin Gupta, Minchan Kim, Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk,
Dan Magenheimer, Robert Jennings, Jenifer Hopper, Mel Gorman,
Johannes Weiner, Rik van Riel, Larry Woodman, linux-mm,
linux-kernel, devel
This patch allows users of zsmalloc to register the
allocation and free routines used by zsmalloc to obtain
more pages for the memory pool. This allows the user
more control over zsmalloc pool policy and behavior.
If the user does not wish to control this, alloc_page() and
__free_page() are used by default.
Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
---
drivers/staging/zcache/zcache-main.c | 2 +-
drivers/staging/zram/zram_drv.c | 2 +-
drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc-main.c | 43 ++++++++++++++++++++++--------
drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc.h | 8 +++++-
4 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)
diff --git a/drivers/staging/zcache/zcache-main.c b/drivers/staging/zcache/zcache-main.c
index 6fa9f9a..e3e533b 100644
--- a/drivers/staging/zcache/zcache-main.c
+++ b/drivers/staging/zcache/zcache-main.c
@@ -982,7 +982,7 @@ int zcache_new_client(uint16_t cli_id)
goto out;
cli->allocated = 1;
#ifdef CONFIG_FRONTSWAP
- cli->zspool = zs_create_pool(GFP_KERNEL);
+ cli->zspool = zs_create_pool(GFP_KERNEL, NULL);
if (cli->zspool == NULL)
goto out;
idr_init(&cli->tmem_pools);
diff --git a/drivers/staging/zram/zram_drv.c b/drivers/staging/zram/zram_drv.c
index 13d9f6d..0357903 100644
--- a/drivers/staging/zram/zram_drv.c
+++ b/drivers/staging/zram/zram_drv.c
@@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ int zram_init_device(struct zram *zram)
/* zram devices sort of resembles non-rotational disks */
queue_flag_set_unlocked(QUEUE_FLAG_NONROT, zram->disk->queue);
- zram->mem_pool = zs_create_pool(GFP_KERNEL);
+ zram->mem_pool = zs_create_pool(GFP_KERNEL, NULL);
if (!zram->mem_pool) {
pr_err("Error creating memory pool\n");
ret = -ENOMEM;
diff --git a/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc-main.c b/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc-main.c
index 5e212c0..825e124 100644
--- a/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc-main.c
+++ b/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc-main.c
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ struct link_free {
struct zs_pool {
struct size_class size_class[ZS_SIZE_CLASSES];
- const char *name;
+ struct zs_ops *ops;
};
/*
@@ -240,6 +240,21 @@ struct mapping_area {
enum zs_mapmode vm_mm; /* mapping mode */
};
+/* default page alloc/free ops */
+struct page *zs_alloc_page(gfp_t flags)
+{
+ return alloc_page(flags);
+}
+
+void zs_free_page(struct page *page)
+{
+ __free_page(page);
+}
+
+struct zs_ops zs_default_ops = {
+ .alloc = zs_alloc_page,
+ .free = zs_free_page
+};
/* per-cpu VM mapping areas for zspage accesses that cross page boundaries */
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct mapping_area, zs_map_area);
@@ -476,7 +491,7 @@ static void reset_page(struct page *page)
reset_page_mapcount(page);
}
-static void free_zspage(struct page *first_page)
+static void free_zspage(struct zs_ops *ops, struct page *first_page)
{
struct page *nextp, *tmp, *head_extra;
@@ -486,7 +501,7 @@ static void free_zspage(struct page *first_page)
head_extra = (struct page *)page_private(first_page);
reset_page(first_page);
- __free_page(first_page);
+ ops->free(first_page);
/* zspage with only 1 system page */
if (!head_extra)
@@ -495,10 +510,10 @@ static void free_zspage(struct page *first_page)
list_for_each_entry_safe(nextp, tmp, &head_extra->lru, lru) {
list_del(&nextp->lru);
reset_page(nextp);
- __free_page(nextp);
+ ops->free(nextp);
}
reset_page(head_extra);
- __free_page(head_extra);
+ ops->free(head_extra);
}
/* Initialize a newly allocated zspage */
@@ -550,7 +565,8 @@ static void init_zspage(struct page *first_page, struct size_class *class)
/*
* Allocate a zspage for the given size class
*/
-static struct page *alloc_zspage(struct size_class *class, gfp_t flags)
+static struct page *alloc_zspage(struct zs_ops *ops, struct size_class *class,
+ gfp_t flags)
{
int i, error;
struct page *first_page = NULL, *uninitialized_var(prev_page);
@@ -570,7 +586,7 @@ static struct page *alloc_zspage(struct size_class *class, gfp_t flags)
for (i = 0; i < class->pages_per_zspage; i++) {
struct page *page;
- page = alloc_page(flags);
+ page = ops->alloc(flags);
if (!page)
goto cleanup;
@@ -602,7 +618,7 @@ static struct page *alloc_zspage(struct size_class *class, gfp_t flags)
cleanup:
if (unlikely(error) && first_page) {
- free_zspage(first_page);
+ free_zspage(ops, first_page);
first_page = NULL;
}
@@ -796,7 +812,7 @@ fail:
return notifier_to_errno(ret);
}
-struct zs_pool *zs_create_pool(gfp_t flags)
+struct zs_pool *zs_create_pool(gfp_t flags, struct zs_ops *ops)
{
int i, ovhd_size;
struct zs_pool *pool;
@@ -822,6 +838,11 @@ struct zs_pool *zs_create_pool(gfp_t flags)
}
+ if (ops)
+ pool->ops = ops;
+ else
+ pool->ops = &zs_default_ops;
+
return pool;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(zs_create_pool);
@@ -877,7 +898,7 @@ unsigned long zs_malloc(struct zs_pool *pool, size_t size, gfp_t flags)
if (!first_page) {
spin_unlock(&class->lock);
- first_page = alloc_zspage(class, flags);
+ first_page = alloc_zspage(pool->ops, class, flags);
if (unlikely(!first_page))
return 0;
@@ -943,7 +964,7 @@ void zs_free(struct zs_pool *pool, unsigned long obj)
spin_unlock(&class->lock);
if (fullness == ZS_EMPTY)
- free_zspage(first_page);
+ free_zspage(pool->ops, first_page);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(zs_free);
diff --git a/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc.h b/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc.h
index 25a4b4d..eb6efb6 100644
--- a/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc.h
+++ b/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc.h
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
#define _ZS_MALLOC_H_
#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/mm_types.h>
/*
* zsmalloc mapping modes
@@ -26,9 +27,14 @@ enum zs_mapmode {
ZS_MM_WO /* write-only (no copy-in at map time) */
};
+struct zs_ops {
+ struct page * (*alloc)(gfp_t);
+ void (*free)(struct page *);
+};
+
struct zs_pool;
-struct zs_pool *zs_create_pool(gfp_t flags);
+struct zs_pool *zs_create_pool(gfp_t flags, struct zs_ops *ops);
void zs_destroy_pool(struct zs_pool *pool);
unsigned long zs_malloc(struct zs_pool *pool, size_t size, gfp_t flags);
--
1.7.9.5
--
To unsubscribe, send a message with 'unsubscribe linux-mm' in
the body to majordomo@kvack.org. For more info on Linux MM,
see: http://www.linux-mm.org/ .
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^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread* [PATCH 4/8] staging: zsmalloc: make CLASS_DELTA relative to PAGE_SIZE
2012-12-11 21:55 [PATCH 0/8] zswap: compressed swap caching Seth Jennings
` (2 preceding siblings ...)
2012-12-11 21:56 ` [PATCH 3/8] staging: zsmalloc: add page alloc/free callbacks Seth Jennings
@ 2012-12-11 21:56 ` Seth Jennings
2012-12-11 21:56 ` [PATCH 5/8] debugfs: add get/set for atomic types Seth Jennings
` (7 subsequent siblings)
11 siblings, 0 replies; 38+ messages in thread
From: Seth Jennings @ 2012-12-11 21:56 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Greg Kroah-Hartman, Andrew Morton
Cc: Seth Jennings, Nitin Gupta, Minchan Kim, Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk,
Dan Magenheimer, Robert Jennings, Jenifer Hopper, Mel Gorman,
Johannes Weiner, Rik van Riel, Larry Woodman, linux-mm,
linux-kernel, devel
Right now ZS_SIZE_CLASS_DELTA is hardcoded to be 16. This
creates 254 classes for systems with 4k pages. However, on
PPC64 with 64k pages, it creates 4095 classes which is far
too many.
This patch makes ZS_SIZE_CLASS_DELTA relative to PAGE_SIZE
so that regardless of the page size, there will be the same
number of classes.
Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
---
drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc-main.c | 2 +-
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
diff --git a/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc-main.c b/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc-main.c
index 825e124..3543047 100644
--- a/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc-main.c
+++ b/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc-main.c
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@
* ZS_MIN_ALLOC_SIZE and ZS_SIZE_CLASS_DELTA must be multiple of ZS_ALIGN
* (reason above)
*/
-#define ZS_SIZE_CLASS_DELTA 16
+#define ZS_SIZE_CLASS_DELTA (PAGE_SIZE >> 8)
#define ZS_SIZE_CLASSES ((ZS_MAX_ALLOC_SIZE - ZS_MIN_ALLOC_SIZE) / \
ZS_SIZE_CLASS_DELTA + 1)
--
1.7.9.5
--
To unsubscribe, send a message with 'unsubscribe linux-mm' in
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^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread* [PATCH 5/8] debugfs: add get/set for atomic types
2012-12-11 21:55 [PATCH 0/8] zswap: compressed swap caching Seth Jennings
` (3 preceding siblings ...)
2012-12-11 21:56 ` [PATCH 4/8] staging: zsmalloc: make CLASS_DELTA relative to PAGE_SIZE Seth Jennings
@ 2012-12-11 21:56 ` Seth Jennings
2012-12-11 21:56 ` [PATCH 6/8] zsmalloc: promote to lib/ Seth Jennings
` (6 subsequent siblings)
11 siblings, 0 replies; 38+ messages in thread
From: Seth Jennings @ 2012-12-11 21:56 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Greg Kroah-Hartman, Andrew Morton
Cc: Seth Jennings, Nitin Gupta, Minchan Kim, Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk,
Dan Magenheimer, Robert Jennings, Jenifer Hopper, Mel Gorman,
Johannes Weiner, Rik van Riel, Larry Woodman, linux-mm,
linux-kernel, devel
debugfs currently lack the ability to create attributes
that set/get atomic_t values.
This patch adds support for this through a new
debugfs_create_atomic_t() function.
Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
---
fs/debugfs/file.c | 42 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
include/linux/debugfs.h | 2 ++
2 files changed, 44 insertions(+)
diff --git a/fs/debugfs/file.c b/fs/debugfs/file.c
index c5ca6ae..fa26d5b 100644
--- a/fs/debugfs/file.c
+++ b/fs/debugfs/file.c
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
#include <linux/debugfs.h>
#include <linux/io.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/atomic.h>
static ssize_t default_read_file(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
@@ -403,6 +404,47 @@ struct dentry *debugfs_create_size_t(const char *name, umode_t mode,
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(debugfs_create_size_t);
+static int debugfs_atomic_t_set(void *data, u64 val)
+{
+ atomic_set((atomic_t *)data, val);
+ return 0;
+}
+static int debugfs_atomic_t_get(void *data, u64 *val)
+{
+ *val = atomic_read((atomic_t *)data);
+ return 0;
+}
+DEFINE_SIMPLE_ATTRIBUTE(fops_atomic_t, debugfs_atomic_t_get,
+ debugfs_atomic_t_set, "%llu\n");
+DEFINE_SIMPLE_ATTRIBUTE(fops_atomic_t_ro, debugfs_atomic_t_get, NULL, "%llu\n");
+DEFINE_SIMPLE_ATTRIBUTE(fops_atomic_t_wo, NULL, debugfs_atomic_t_set, "%llu\n");
+
+/**
+ * debugfs_create_atomic_t - create a debugfs file that is used to read and
+ * write an atomic_t value
+ * @name: a pointer to a string containing the name of the file to create.
+ * @mode: the permission that the file should have
+ * @parent: a pointer to the parent dentry for this file. This should be a
+ * directory dentry if set. If this parameter is %NULL, then the
+ * file will be created in the root of the debugfs filesystem.
+ * @value: a pointer to the variable that the file should read to and write
+ * from.
+ */
+struct dentry *debugfs_create_atomic_t(const char *name, umode_t mode,
+ struct dentry *parent, atomic_t *value)
+{
+ /* if there are no write bits set, make read only */
+ if (!(mode & S_IWUGO))
+ return debugfs_create_file(name, mode, parent, value,
+ &fops_atomic_t_ro);
+ /* if there are no read bits set, make write only */
+ if (!(mode & S_IRUGO))
+ return debugfs_create_file(name, mode, parent, value,
+ &fops_atomic_t_wo);
+
+ return debugfs_create_file(name, mode, parent, value, &fops_atomic_t);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(debugfs_create_atomic_t);
static ssize_t read_file_bool(struct file *file, char __user *user_buf,
size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
diff --git a/include/linux/debugfs.h b/include/linux/debugfs.h
index 66c434f..51fea70 100644
--- a/include/linux/debugfs.h
+++ b/include/linux/debugfs.h
@@ -79,6 +79,8 @@ struct dentry *debugfs_create_x64(const char *name, umode_t mode,
struct dentry *parent, u64 *value);
struct dentry *debugfs_create_size_t(const char *name, umode_t mode,
struct dentry *parent, size_t *value);
+struct dentry *debugfs_create_atomic_t(const char *name, umode_t mode,
+ struct dentry *parent, atomic_t *value);
struct dentry *debugfs_create_bool(const char *name, umode_t mode,
struct dentry *parent, u32 *value);
--
1.7.9.5
--
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^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread* [PATCH 6/8] zsmalloc: promote to lib/
2012-12-11 21:55 [PATCH 0/8] zswap: compressed swap caching Seth Jennings
` (4 preceding siblings ...)
2012-12-11 21:56 ` [PATCH 5/8] debugfs: add get/set for atomic types Seth Jennings
@ 2012-12-11 21:56 ` Seth Jennings
2012-12-11 21:56 ` [PATCH 7/8] zswap: add to mm/ Seth Jennings
` (5 subsequent siblings)
11 siblings, 0 replies; 38+ messages in thread
From: Seth Jennings @ 2012-12-11 21:56 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Greg Kroah-Hartman, Andrew Morton
Cc: Seth Jennings, Nitin Gupta, Minchan Kim, Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk,
Dan Magenheimer, Robert Jennings, Jenifer Hopper, Mel Gorman,
Johannes Weiner, Rik van Riel, Larry Woodman, linux-mm,
linux-kernel, devel
This patch promotes the slab-based zsmalloc memory allocator
from the staging tree to lib/
zswap depends on this allocator for storing compressed RAM pages
in an efficient way under system wide memory pressure where
high-order (greater than 0) page allocation are very likely to
fail.
For more information on zsmalloc and its internals, read the
documentation at the top of the zsmalloc.c file.
Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
--
This patch is similar to a patch Minchan has on out on the list
to promote for use in zram.
---
drivers/staging/Kconfig | 2 -
drivers/staging/Makefile | 1 -
drivers/staging/zcache/zcache-main.c | 3 +-
drivers/staging/zram/zram_drv.h | 3 +-
drivers/staging/zsmalloc/Kconfig | 10 -
drivers/staging/zsmalloc/Makefile | 3 -
drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc-main.c | 1077 ------------------------------
drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc.h | 49 --
include/linux/zsmalloc.h | 49 ++
lib/Kconfig | 18 +
lib/Makefile | 1 +
lib/zsmalloc.c | 1076 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
12 files changed, 1146 insertions(+), 1146 deletions(-)
delete mode 100644 drivers/staging/zsmalloc/Kconfig
delete mode 100644 drivers/staging/zsmalloc/Makefile
delete mode 100644 drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc-main.c
delete mode 100644 drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc.h
create mode 100644 include/linux/zsmalloc.h
create mode 100644 lib/zsmalloc.c
diff --git a/drivers/staging/Kconfig b/drivers/staging/Kconfig
index 329bdb4..c0a7918 100644
--- a/drivers/staging/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/staging/Kconfig
@@ -76,8 +76,6 @@ source "drivers/staging/zram/Kconfig"
source "drivers/staging/zcache/Kconfig"
-source "drivers/staging/zsmalloc/Kconfig"
-
source "drivers/staging/wlags49_h2/Kconfig"
source "drivers/staging/wlags49_h25/Kconfig"
diff --git a/drivers/staging/Makefile b/drivers/staging/Makefile
index c7ec486..1572fe5 100644
--- a/drivers/staging/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/staging/Makefile
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_DX_SEP) += sep/
obj-$(CONFIG_IIO) += iio/
obj-$(CONFIG_ZRAM) += zram/
obj-$(CONFIG_ZCACHE) += zcache/
-obj-$(CONFIG_ZSMALLOC) += zsmalloc/
obj-$(CONFIG_WLAGS49_H2) += wlags49_h2/
obj-$(CONFIG_WLAGS49_H25) += wlags49_h25/
obj-$(CONFIG_FB_SM7XX) += sm7xxfb/
diff --git a/drivers/staging/zcache/zcache-main.c b/drivers/staging/zcache/zcache-main.c
index e3e533b..08e412a 100644
--- a/drivers/staging/zcache/zcache-main.c
+++ b/drivers/staging/zcache/zcache-main.c
@@ -32,10 +32,9 @@
#include <linux/crypto.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/idr.h>
+#include <linux/zsmalloc.h>
#include "tmem.h"
-#include "../zsmalloc/zsmalloc.h"
-
#ifdef CONFIG_CLEANCACHE
#include <linux/cleancache.h>
#endif
diff --git a/drivers/staging/zram/zram_drv.h b/drivers/staging/zram/zram_drv.h
index df2eec4..1e72965 100644
--- a/drivers/staging/zram/zram_drv.h
+++ b/drivers/staging/zram/zram_drv.h
@@ -17,8 +17,7 @@
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
-
-#include "../zsmalloc/zsmalloc.h"
+#include <linux/zsmalloc.h>
/*
* Some arbitrary value. This is just to catch
diff --git a/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/Kconfig b/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/Kconfig
deleted file mode 100644
index 9084565..0000000
--- a/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/Kconfig
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-config ZSMALLOC
- tristate "Memory allocator for compressed pages"
- default n
- help
- zsmalloc is a slab-based memory allocator designed to store
- compressed RAM pages. zsmalloc uses virtual memory mapping
- in order to reduce fragmentation. However, this results in a
- non-standard allocator interface where a handle, not a pointer, is
- returned by an alloc(). This handle must be mapped in order to
- access the allocated space.
diff --git a/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/Makefile b/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/Makefile
deleted file mode 100644
index b134848..0000000
--- a/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/Makefile
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-zsmalloc-y := zsmalloc-main.o
-
-obj-$(CONFIG_ZSMALLOC) += zsmalloc.o
diff --git a/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc-main.c b/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc-main.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 3543047..0000000
--- a/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc-main.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1077 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * zsmalloc memory allocator
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2011 Nitin Gupta
- *
- * This code is released using a dual license strategy: BSD/GPL
- * You can choose the license that better fits your requirements.
- *
- * Released under the terms of 3-clause BSD License
- * Released under the terms of GNU General Public License Version 2.0
- */
-
-
-/*
- * This allocator is designed for use with zcache and zram. Thus, the
- * allocator is supposed to work well under low memory conditions. In
- * particular, it never attempts higher order page allocation which is
- * very likely to fail under memory pressure. On the other hand, if we
- * just use single (0-order) pages, it would suffer from very high
- * fragmentation -- any object of size PAGE_SIZE/2 or larger would occupy
- * an entire page. This was one of the major issues with its predecessor
- * (xvmalloc).
- *
- * To overcome these issues, zsmalloc allocates a bunch of 0-order pages
- * and links them together using various 'struct page' fields. These linked
- * pages act as a single higher-order page i.e. an object can span 0-order
- * page boundaries. The code refers to these linked pages as a single entity
- * called zspage.
- *
- * Following is how we use various fields and flags of underlying
- * struct page(s) to form a zspage.
- *
- * Usage of struct page fields:
- * page->first_page: points to the first component (0-order) page
- * page->index (union with page->freelist): offset of the first object
- * starting in this page. For the first page, this is
- * always 0, so we use this field (aka freelist) to point
- * to the first free object in zspage.
- * page->lru: links together all component pages (except the first page)
- * of a zspage
- *
- * For _first_ page only:
- *
- * page->private (union with page->first_page): refers to the
- * component page after the first page
- * page->freelist: points to the first free object in zspage.
- * Free objects are linked together using in-place
- * metadata.
- * page->objects: maximum number of objects we can store in this
- * zspage (class->zspage_order * PAGE_SIZE / class->size)
- * page->lru: links together first pages of various zspages.
- * Basically forming list of zspages in a fullness group.
- * page->mapping: class index and fullness group of the zspage
- *
- * Usage of struct page flags:
- * PG_private: identifies the first component page
- * PG_private2: identifies the last component page
- *
- */
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_ZSMALLOC_DEBUG
-#define DEBUG
-#endif
-
-#include <linux/module.h>
-#include <linux/kernel.h>
-#include <linux/bitops.h>
-#include <linux/errno.h>
-#include <linux/highmem.h>
-#include <linux/init.h>
-#include <linux/string.h>
-#include <linux/slab.h>
-#include <asm/tlbflush.h>
-#include <asm/pgtable.h>
-#include <linux/cpumask.h>
-#include <linux/cpu.h>
-#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
-#include <linux/hardirq.h>
-#include <linux/spinlock.h>
-#include <linux/types.h>
-
-#include "zsmalloc.h"
-
-/*
- * This must be power of 2 and greater than of equal to sizeof(link_free).
- * These two conditions ensure that any 'struct link_free' itself doesn't
- * span more than 1 page which avoids complex case of mapping 2 pages simply
- * to restore link_free pointer values.
- */
-#define ZS_ALIGN 8
-
-/*
- * A single 'zspage' is composed of up to 2^N discontiguous 0-order (single)
- * pages. ZS_MAX_ZSPAGE_ORDER defines upper limit on N.
- */
-#define ZS_MAX_ZSPAGE_ORDER 2
-#define ZS_MAX_PAGES_PER_ZSPAGE (_AC(1, UL) << ZS_MAX_ZSPAGE_ORDER)
-
-/*
- * Object location (<PFN>, <obj_idx>) is encoded as
- * as single (void *) handle value.
- *
- * Note that object index <obj_idx> is relative to system
- * page <PFN> it is stored in, so for each sub-page belonging
- * to a zspage, obj_idx starts with 0.
- *
- * This is made more complicated by various memory models and PAE.
- */
-
-#ifndef MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS
-#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM64G
-#define MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS 36
-#else /* !CONFIG_HIGHMEM64G */
-/*
- * If this definition of MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS is used, OBJ_INDEX_BITS will just
- * be PAGE_SHIFT
- */
-#define MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS BITS_PER_LONG
-#endif
-#endif
-#define _PFN_BITS (MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS - PAGE_SHIFT)
-#define OBJ_INDEX_BITS (BITS_PER_LONG - _PFN_BITS)
-#define OBJ_INDEX_MASK ((_AC(1, UL) << OBJ_INDEX_BITS) - 1)
-
-#define MAX(a, b) ((a) >= (b) ? (a) : (b))
-/* ZS_MIN_ALLOC_SIZE must be multiple of ZS_ALIGN */
-#define ZS_MIN_ALLOC_SIZE \
- MAX(32, (ZS_MAX_PAGES_PER_ZSPAGE << PAGE_SHIFT >> OBJ_INDEX_BITS))
-#define ZS_MAX_ALLOC_SIZE PAGE_SIZE
-
-/*
- * On systems with 4K page size, this gives 254 size classes! There is a
- * trader-off here:
- * - Large number of size classes is potentially wasteful as free page are
- * spread across these classes
- * - Small number of size classes causes large internal fragmentation
- * - Probably its better to use specific size classes (empirically
- * determined). NOTE: all those class sizes must be set as multiple of
- * ZS_ALIGN to make sure link_free itself never has to span 2 pages.
- *
- * ZS_MIN_ALLOC_SIZE and ZS_SIZE_CLASS_DELTA must be multiple of ZS_ALIGN
- * (reason above)
- */
-#define ZS_SIZE_CLASS_DELTA (PAGE_SIZE >> 8)
-#define ZS_SIZE_CLASSES ((ZS_MAX_ALLOC_SIZE - ZS_MIN_ALLOC_SIZE) / \
- ZS_SIZE_CLASS_DELTA + 1)
-
-/*
- * We do not maintain any list for completely empty or full pages
- */
-enum fullness_group {
- ZS_ALMOST_FULL,
- ZS_ALMOST_EMPTY,
- _ZS_NR_FULLNESS_GROUPS,
-
- ZS_EMPTY,
- ZS_FULL
-};
-
-/*
- * We assign a page to ZS_ALMOST_EMPTY fullness group when:
- * n <= N / f, where
- * n = number of allocated objects
- * N = total number of objects zspage can store
- * f = 1/fullness_threshold_frac
- *
- * Similarly, we assign zspage to:
- * ZS_ALMOST_FULL when n > N / f
- * ZS_EMPTY when n == 0
- * ZS_FULL when n == N
- *
- * (see: fix_fullness_group())
- */
-static const int fullness_threshold_frac = 4;
-
-struct size_class {
- /*
- * Size of objects stored in this class. Must be multiple
- * of ZS_ALIGN.
- */
- int size;
- unsigned int index;
-
- /* Number of PAGE_SIZE sized pages to combine to form a 'zspage' */
- int pages_per_zspage;
-
- spinlock_t lock;
-
- /* stats */
- u64 pages_allocated;
-
- struct page *fullness_list[_ZS_NR_FULLNESS_GROUPS];
-};
-
-/*
- * Placed within free objects to form a singly linked list.
- * For every zspage, first_page->freelist gives head of this list.
- *
- * This must be power of 2 and less than or equal to ZS_ALIGN
- */
-struct link_free {
- /* Handle of next free chunk (encodes <PFN, obj_idx>) */
- void *next;
-};
-
-struct zs_pool {
- struct size_class size_class[ZS_SIZE_CLASSES];
- struct zs_ops *ops;
-};
-
-/*
- * A zspage's class index and fullness group
- * are encoded in its (first)page->mapping
- */
-#define CLASS_IDX_BITS 28
-#define FULLNESS_BITS 4
-#define CLASS_IDX_MASK ((1 << CLASS_IDX_BITS) - 1)
-#define FULLNESS_MASK ((1 << FULLNESS_BITS) - 1)
-
-/*
- * By default, zsmalloc uses a copy-based object mapping method to access
- * allocations that span two pages. However, if a particular architecture
- * 1) Implements local_flush_tlb_kernel_range() and 2) Performs VM mapping
- * faster than copying, then it should be added here so that
- * USE_PGTABLE_MAPPING is defined. This causes zsmalloc to use page table
- * mapping rather than copying
- * for object mapping.
-*/
-#if defined(CONFIG_ARM)
-#define USE_PGTABLE_MAPPING
-#endif
-
-struct mapping_area {
-#ifdef USE_PGTABLE_MAPPING
- struct vm_struct *vm; /* vm area for mapping object that span pages */
-#else
- char *vm_buf; /* copy buffer for objects that span pages */
-#endif
- char *vm_addr; /* address of kmap_atomic()'ed pages */
- enum zs_mapmode vm_mm; /* mapping mode */
-};
-
-/* default page alloc/free ops */
-struct page *zs_alloc_page(gfp_t flags)
-{
- return alloc_page(flags);
-}
-
-void zs_free_page(struct page *page)
-{
- __free_page(page);
-}
-
-struct zs_ops zs_default_ops = {
- .alloc = zs_alloc_page,
- .free = zs_free_page
-};
-
-/* per-cpu VM mapping areas for zspage accesses that cross page boundaries */
-static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct mapping_area, zs_map_area);
-
-static int is_first_page(struct page *page)
-{
- return PagePrivate(page);
-}
-
-static int is_last_page(struct page *page)
-{
- return PagePrivate2(page);
-}
-
-static void get_zspage_mapping(struct page *page, unsigned int *class_idx,
- enum fullness_group *fullness)
-{
- unsigned long m;
- BUG_ON(!is_first_page(page));
-
- m = (unsigned long)page->mapping;
- *fullness = m & FULLNESS_MASK;
- *class_idx = (m >> FULLNESS_BITS) & CLASS_IDX_MASK;
-}
-
-static void set_zspage_mapping(struct page *page, unsigned int class_idx,
- enum fullness_group fullness)
-{
- unsigned long m;
- BUG_ON(!is_first_page(page));
-
- m = ((class_idx & CLASS_IDX_MASK) << FULLNESS_BITS) |
- (fullness & FULLNESS_MASK);
- page->mapping = (struct address_space *)m;
-}
-
-static int get_size_class_index(int size)
-{
- int idx = 0;
-
- if (likely(size > ZS_MIN_ALLOC_SIZE))
- idx = DIV_ROUND_UP(size - ZS_MIN_ALLOC_SIZE,
- ZS_SIZE_CLASS_DELTA);
-
- return idx;
-}
-
-static enum fullness_group get_fullness_group(struct page *page)
-{
- int inuse, max_objects;
- enum fullness_group fg;
- BUG_ON(!is_first_page(page));
-
- inuse = page->inuse;
- max_objects = page->objects;
-
- if (inuse == 0)
- fg = ZS_EMPTY;
- else if (inuse == max_objects)
- fg = ZS_FULL;
- else if (inuse <= max_objects / fullness_threshold_frac)
- fg = ZS_ALMOST_EMPTY;
- else
- fg = ZS_ALMOST_FULL;
-
- return fg;
-}
-
-static void insert_zspage(struct page *page, struct size_class *class,
- enum fullness_group fullness)
-{
- struct page **head;
-
- BUG_ON(!is_first_page(page));
-
- if (fullness >= _ZS_NR_FULLNESS_GROUPS)
- return;
-
- head = &class->fullness_list[fullness];
- if (*head)
- list_add_tail(&page->lru, &(*head)->lru);
-
- *head = page;
-}
-
-static void remove_zspage(struct page *page, struct size_class *class,
- enum fullness_group fullness)
-{
- struct page **head;
-
- BUG_ON(!is_first_page(page));
-
- if (fullness >= _ZS_NR_FULLNESS_GROUPS)
- return;
-
- head = &class->fullness_list[fullness];
- BUG_ON(!*head);
- if (list_empty(&(*head)->lru))
- *head = NULL;
- else if (*head == page)
- *head = (struct page *)list_entry((*head)->lru.next,
- struct page, lru);
-
- list_del_init(&page->lru);
-}
-
-static enum fullness_group fix_fullness_group(struct zs_pool *pool,
- struct page *page)
-{
- int class_idx;
- struct size_class *class;
- enum fullness_group currfg, newfg;
-
- BUG_ON(!is_first_page(page));
-
- get_zspage_mapping(page, &class_idx, &currfg);
- newfg = get_fullness_group(page);
- if (newfg == currfg)
- goto out;
-
- class = &pool->size_class[class_idx];
- remove_zspage(page, class, currfg);
- insert_zspage(page, class, newfg);
- set_zspage_mapping(page, class_idx, newfg);
-
-out:
- return newfg;
-}
-
-/*
- * We have to decide on how many pages to link together
- * to form a zspage for each size class. This is important
- * to reduce wastage due to unusable space left at end of
- * each zspage which is given as:
- * wastage = Zp - Zp % size_class
- * where Zp = zspage size = k * PAGE_SIZE where k = 1, 2, ...
- *
- * For example, for size class of 3/8 * PAGE_SIZE, we should
- * link together 3 PAGE_SIZE sized pages to form a zspage
- * since then we can perfectly fit in 8 such objects.
- */
-static int get_pages_per_zspage(int class_size)
-{
- int i, max_usedpc = 0;
- /* zspage order which gives maximum used size per KB */
- int max_usedpc_order = 1;
-
- for (i = 1; i <= ZS_MAX_PAGES_PER_ZSPAGE; i++) {
- int zspage_size;
- int waste, usedpc;
-
- zspage_size = i * PAGE_SIZE;
- waste = zspage_size % class_size;
- usedpc = (zspage_size - waste) * 100 / zspage_size;
-
- if (usedpc > max_usedpc) {
- max_usedpc = usedpc;
- max_usedpc_order = i;
- }
- }
-
- return max_usedpc_order;
-}
-
-/*
- * A single 'zspage' is composed of many system pages which are
- * linked together using fields in struct page. This function finds
- * the first/head page, given any component page of a zspage.
- */
-static struct page *get_first_page(struct page *page)
-{
- if (is_first_page(page))
- return page;
- else
- return page->first_page;
-}
-
-static struct page *get_next_page(struct page *page)
-{
- struct page *next;
-
- if (is_last_page(page))
- next = NULL;
- else if (is_first_page(page))
- next = (struct page *)page->private;
- else
- next = list_entry(page->lru.next, struct page, lru);
-
- return next;
-}
-
-/* Encode <page, obj_idx> as a single handle value */
-static void *obj_location_to_handle(struct page *page, unsigned long obj_idx)
-{
- unsigned long handle;
-
- if (!page) {
- BUG_ON(obj_idx);
- return NULL;
- }
-
- handle = page_to_pfn(page) << OBJ_INDEX_BITS;
- handle |= (obj_idx & OBJ_INDEX_MASK);
-
- return (void *)handle;
-}
-
-/* Decode <page, obj_idx> pair from the given object handle */
-static void obj_handle_to_location(unsigned long handle, struct page **page,
- unsigned long *obj_idx)
-{
- *page = pfn_to_page(handle >> OBJ_INDEX_BITS);
- *obj_idx = handle & OBJ_INDEX_MASK;
-}
-
-static unsigned long obj_idx_to_offset(struct page *page,
- unsigned long obj_idx, int class_size)
-{
- unsigned long off = 0;
-
- if (!is_first_page(page))
- off = page->index;
-
- return off + obj_idx * class_size;
-}
-
-static void reset_page(struct page *page)
-{
- clear_bit(PG_private, &page->flags);
- clear_bit(PG_private_2, &page->flags);
- set_page_private(page, 0);
- page->mapping = NULL;
- page->freelist = NULL;
- reset_page_mapcount(page);
-}
-
-static void free_zspage(struct zs_ops *ops, struct page *first_page)
-{
- struct page *nextp, *tmp, *head_extra;
-
- BUG_ON(!is_first_page(first_page));
- BUG_ON(first_page->inuse);
-
- head_extra = (struct page *)page_private(first_page);
-
- reset_page(first_page);
- ops->free(first_page);
-
- /* zspage with only 1 system page */
- if (!head_extra)
- return;
-
- list_for_each_entry_safe(nextp, tmp, &head_extra->lru, lru) {
- list_del(&nextp->lru);
- reset_page(nextp);
- ops->free(nextp);
- }
- reset_page(head_extra);
- ops->free(head_extra);
-}
-
-/* Initialize a newly allocated zspage */
-static void init_zspage(struct page *first_page, struct size_class *class)
-{
- unsigned long off = 0;
- struct page *page = first_page;
-
- BUG_ON(!is_first_page(first_page));
- while (page) {
- struct page *next_page;
- struct link_free *link;
- unsigned int i, objs_on_page;
-
- /*
- * page->index stores offset of first object starting
- * in the page. For the first page, this is always 0,
- * so we use first_page->index (aka ->freelist) to store
- * head of corresponding zspage's freelist.
- */
- if (page != first_page)
- page->index = off;
-
- link = (struct link_free *)kmap_atomic(page) +
- off / sizeof(*link);
- objs_on_page = (PAGE_SIZE - off) / class->size;
-
- for (i = 1; i <= objs_on_page; i++) {
- off += class->size;
- if (off < PAGE_SIZE) {
- link->next = obj_location_to_handle(page, i);
- link += class->size / sizeof(*link);
- }
- }
-
- /*
- * We now come to the last (full or partial) object on this
- * page, which must point to the first object on the next
- * page (if present)
- */
- next_page = get_next_page(page);
- link->next = obj_location_to_handle(next_page, 0);
- kunmap_atomic(link);
- page = next_page;
- off = (off + class->size) % PAGE_SIZE;
- }
-}
-
-/*
- * Allocate a zspage for the given size class
- */
-static struct page *alloc_zspage(struct zs_ops *ops, struct size_class *class,
- gfp_t flags)
-{
- int i, error;
- struct page *first_page = NULL, *uninitialized_var(prev_page);
-
- /*
- * Allocate individual pages and link them together as:
- * 1. first page->private = first sub-page
- * 2. all sub-pages are linked together using page->lru
- * 3. each sub-page is linked to the first page using page->first_page
- *
- * For each size class, First/Head pages are linked together using
- * page->lru. Also, we set PG_private to identify the first page
- * (i.e. no other sub-page has this flag set) and PG_private_2 to
- * identify the last page.
- */
- error = -ENOMEM;
- for (i = 0; i < class->pages_per_zspage; i++) {
- struct page *page;
-
- page = ops->alloc(flags);
- if (!page)
- goto cleanup;
-
- INIT_LIST_HEAD(&page->lru);
- if (i == 0) { /* first page */
- SetPagePrivate(page);
- set_page_private(page, 0);
- first_page = page;
- first_page->inuse = 0;
- }
- if (i == 1)
- first_page->private = (unsigned long)page;
- if (i >= 1)
- page->first_page = first_page;
- if (i >= 2)
- list_add(&page->lru, &prev_page->lru);
- if (i == class->pages_per_zspage - 1) /* last page */
- SetPagePrivate2(page);
- prev_page = page;
- }
-
- init_zspage(first_page, class);
-
- first_page->freelist = obj_location_to_handle(first_page, 0);
- /* Maximum number of objects we can store in this zspage */
- first_page->objects = class->pages_per_zspage * PAGE_SIZE / class->size;
-
- error = 0; /* Success */
-
-cleanup:
- if (unlikely(error) && first_page) {
- free_zspage(ops, first_page);
- first_page = NULL;
- }
-
- return first_page;
-}
-
-static struct page *find_get_zspage(struct size_class *class)
-{
- int i;
- struct page *page;
-
- for (i = 0; i < _ZS_NR_FULLNESS_GROUPS; i++) {
- page = class->fullness_list[i];
- if (page)
- break;
- }
-
- return page;
-}
-
-#ifdef USE_PGTABLE_MAPPING
-static inline int __zs_cpu_up(struct mapping_area *area)
-{
- /*
- * Make sure we don't leak memory if a cpu UP notification
- * and zs_init() race and both call zs_cpu_up() on the same cpu
- */
- if (area->vm)
- return 0;
- area->vm = alloc_vm_area(PAGE_SIZE * 2, NULL);
- if (!area->vm)
- return -ENOMEM;
- return 0;
-}
-
-static inline void __zs_cpu_down(struct mapping_area *area)
-{
- if (area->vm)
- free_vm_area(area->vm);
- area->vm = NULL;
-}
-
-static inline void *__zs_map_object(struct mapping_area *area,
- struct page *pages[2], int off, int size)
-{
- BUG_ON(map_vm_area(area->vm, PAGE_KERNEL, &pages));
- area->vm_addr = area->vm->addr;
- return area->vm_addr + off;
-}
-
-static inline void __zs_unmap_object(struct mapping_area *area,
- struct page *pages[2], int off, int size)
-{
- unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)area->vm_addr;
- unsigned long end = addr + (PAGE_SIZE * 2);
-
- flush_cache_vunmap(addr, end);
- unmap_kernel_range_noflush(addr, PAGE_SIZE * 2);
- local_flush_tlb_kernel_range(addr, end);
-}
-
-#else /* USE_PGTABLE_MAPPING */
-
-static inline int __zs_cpu_up(struct mapping_area *area)
-{
- /*
- * Make sure we don't leak memory if a cpu UP notification
- * and zs_init() race and both call zs_cpu_up() on the same cpu
- */
- if (area->vm_buf)
- return 0;
- area->vm_buf = (char *)__get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL);
- if (!area->vm_buf)
- return -ENOMEM;
- return 0;
-}
-
-static inline void __zs_cpu_down(struct mapping_area *area)
-{
- if (area->vm_buf)
- free_page((unsigned long)area->vm_buf);
- area->vm_buf = NULL;
-}
-
-static void *__zs_map_object(struct mapping_area *area,
- struct page *pages[2], int off, int size)
-{
- int sizes[2];
- void *addr;
- char *buf = area->vm_buf;
-
- /* disable page faults to match kmap_atomic() return conditions */
- pagefault_disable();
-
- /* no read fastpath */
- if (area->vm_mm == ZS_MM_WO)
- goto out;
-
- sizes[0] = PAGE_SIZE - off;
- sizes[1] = size - sizes[0];
-
- /* copy object to per-cpu buffer */
- addr = kmap_atomic(pages[0]);
- memcpy(buf, addr + off, sizes[0]);
- kunmap_atomic(addr);
- addr = kmap_atomic(pages[1]);
- memcpy(buf + sizes[0], addr, sizes[1]);
- kunmap_atomic(addr);
-out:
- return area->vm_buf;
-}
-
-static void __zs_unmap_object(struct mapping_area *area,
- struct page *pages[2], int off, int size)
-{
- int sizes[2];
- void *addr;
- char *buf = area->vm_buf;
-
- /* no write fastpath */
- if (area->vm_mm == ZS_MM_RO)
- goto out;
-
- sizes[0] = PAGE_SIZE - off;
- sizes[1] = size - sizes[0];
-
- /* copy per-cpu buffer to object */
- addr = kmap_atomic(pages[0]);
- memcpy(addr + off, buf, sizes[0]);
- kunmap_atomic(addr);
- addr = kmap_atomic(pages[1]);
- memcpy(addr, buf + sizes[0], sizes[1]);
- kunmap_atomic(addr);
-
-out:
- /* enable page faults to match kunmap_atomic() return conditions */
- pagefault_enable();
-}
-
-#endif /* USE_PGTABLE_MAPPING */
-
-static int zs_cpu_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb, unsigned long action,
- void *pcpu)
-{
- int ret, cpu = (long)pcpu;
- struct mapping_area *area;
-
- switch (action) {
- case CPU_UP_PREPARE:
- area = &per_cpu(zs_map_area, cpu);
- ret = __zs_cpu_up(area);
- if (ret)
- return notifier_from_errno(ret);
- break;
- case CPU_DEAD:
- case CPU_UP_CANCELED:
- area = &per_cpu(zs_map_area, cpu);
- __zs_cpu_down(area);
- break;
- }
-
- return NOTIFY_OK;
-}
-
-static struct notifier_block zs_cpu_nb = {
- .notifier_call = zs_cpu_notifier
-};
-
-static void zs_exit(void)
-{
- int cpu;
-
- for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
- zs_cpu_notifier(NULL, CPU_DEAD, (void *)(long)cpu);
- unregister_cpu_notifier(&zs_cpu_nb);
-}
-
-static int zs_init(void)
-{
- int cpu, ret;
-
- register_cpu_notifier(&zs_cpu_nb);
- for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
- ret = zs_cpu_notifier(NULL, CPU_UP_PREPARE, (void *)(long)cpu);
- if (notifier_to_errno(ret))
- goto fail;
- }
- return 0;
-fail:
- zs_exit();
- return notifier_to_errno(ret);
-}
-
-struct zs_pool *zs_create_pool(gfp_t flags, struct zs_ops *ops)
-{
- int i, ovhd_size;
- struct zs_pool *pool;
-
- ovhd_size = roundup(sizeof(*pool), PAGE_SIZE);
- pool = kzalloc(ovhd_size, flags);
- if (!pool)
- return NULL;
-
- for (i = 0; i < ZS_SIZE_CLASSES; i++) {
- int size;
- struct size_class *class;
-
- size = ZS_MIN_ALLOC_SIZE + i * ZS_SIZE_CLASS_DELTA;
- if (size > ZS_MAX_ALLOC_SIZE)
- size = ZS_MAX_ALLOC_SIZE;
-
- class = &pool->size_class[i];
- class->size = size;
- class->index = i;
- spin_lock_init(&class->lock);
- class->pages_per_zspage = get_pages_per_zspage(size);
-
- }
-
- if (ops)
- pool->ops = ops;
- else
- pool->ops = &zs_default_ops;
-
- return pool;
-}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(zs_create_pool);
-
-void zs_destroy_pool(struct zs_pool *pool)
-{
- int i;
-
- for (i = 0; i < ZS_SIZE_CLASSES; i++) {
- int fg;
- struct size_class *class = &pool->size_class[i];
-
- for (fg = 0; fg < _ZS_NR_FULLNESS_GROUPS; fg++) {
- if (class->fullness_list[fg]) {
- pr_info("Freeing non-empty class with size "
- "%db, fullness group %d\n",
- class->size, fg);
- }
- }
- }
- kfree(pool);
-}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(zs_destroy_pool);
-
-/**
- * zs_malloc - Allocate block of given size from pool.
- * @pool: pool to allocate from
- * @size: size of block to allocate
- *
- * On success, handle to the allocated object is returned,
- * otherwise 0.
- * Allocation requests with size > ZS_MAX_ALLOC_SIZE will fail.
- */
-unsigned long zs_malloc(struct zs_pool *pool, size_t size, gfp_t flags)
-{
- unsigned long obj;
- struct link_free *link;
- int class_idx;
- struct size_class *class;
-
- struct page *first_page, *m_page;
- unsigned long m_objidx, m_offset;
-
- if (unlikely(!size || size > ZS_MAX_ALLOC_SIZE))
- return 0;
-
- class_idx = get_size_class_index(size);
- class = &pool->size_class[class_idx];
- BUG_ON(class_idx != class->index);
-
- spin_lock(&class->lock);
- first_page = find_get_zspage(class);
-
- if (!first_page) {
- spin_unlock(&class->lock);
- first_page = alloc_zspage(pool->ops, class, flags);
- if (unlikely(!first_page))
- return 0;
-
- set_zspage_mapping(first_page, class->index, ZS_EMPTY);
- spin_lock(&class->lock);
- class->pages_allocated += class->pages_per_zspage;
- }
-
- obj = (unsigned long)first_page->freelist;
- obj_handle_to_location(obj, &m_page, &m_objidx);
- m_offset = obj_idx_to_offset(m_page, m_objidx, class->size);
-
- link = (struct link_free *)kmap_atomic(m_page) +
- m_offset / sizeof(*link);
- first_page->freelist = link->next;
- memset(link, POISON_INUSE, sizeof(*link));
- kunmap_atomic(link);
-
- first_page->inuse++;
- /* Now move the zspage to another fullness group, if required */
- fix_fullness_group(pool, first_page);
- spin_unlock(&class->lock);
-
- return obj;
-}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(zs_malloc);
-
-void zs_free(struct zs_pool *pool, unsigned long obj)
-{
- struct link_free *link;
- struct page *first_page, *f_page;
- unsigned long f_objidx, f_offset;
-
- int class_idx;
- struct size_class *class;
- enum fullness_group fullness;
-
- if (unlikely(!obj))
- return;
-
- obj_handle_to_location(obj, &f_page, &f_objidx);
- first_page = get_first_page(f_page);
-
- get_zspage_mapping(first_page, &class_idx, &fullness);
- class = &pool->size_class[class_idx];
- f_offset = obj_idx_to_offset(f_page, f_objidx, class->size);
-
- spin_lock(&class->lock);
-
- /* Insert this object in containing zspage's freelist */
- link = (struct link_free *)((unsigned char *)kmap_atomic(f_page)
- + f_offset);
- link->next = first_page->freelist;
- kunmap_atomic(link);
- first_page->freelist = (void *)obj;
-
- first_page->inuse--;
- fullness = fix_fullness_group(pool, first_page);
-
- if (fullness == ZS_EMPTY)
- class->pages_allocated -= class->pages_per_zspage;
-
- spin_unlock(&class->lock);
-
- if (fullness == ZS_EMPTY)
- free_zspage(pool->ops, first_page);
-}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(zs_free);
-
-/**
- * zs_map_object - get address of allocated object from handle.
- * @pool: pool from which the object was allocated
- * @handle: handle returned from zs_malloc
- *
- * Before using an object allocated from zs_malloc, it must be mapped using
- * this function. When done with the object, it must be unmapped using
- * zs_unmap_object.
- *
- * Only one object can be mapped per cpu at a time. There is no protection
- * against nested mappings.
- *
- * This function returns with preemption and page faults disabled.
-*/
-void *zs_map_object(struct zs_pool *pool, unsigned long handle,
- enum zs_mapmode mm)
-{
- struct page *page;
- unsigned long obj_idx, off;
-
- unsigned int class_idx;
- enum fullness_group fg;
- struct size_class *class;
- struct mapping_area *area;
- struct page *pages[2];
-
- BUG_ON(!handle);
-
- /*
- * Because we use per-cpu mapping areas shared among the
- * pools/users, we can't allow mapping in interrupt context
- * because it can corrupt another users mappings.
- */
- BUG_ON(in_interrupt());
-
- obj_handle_to_location(handle, &page, &obj_idx);
- get_zspage_mapping(get_first_page(page), &class_idx, &fg);
- class = &pool->size_class[class_idx];
- off = obj_idx_to_offset(page, obj_idx, class->size);
-
- area = &get_cpu_var(zs_map_area);
- area->vm_mm = mm;
- if (off + class->size <= PAGE_SIZE) {
- /* this object is contained entirely within a page */
- area->vm_addr = kmap_atomic(page);
- return area->vm_addr + off;
- }
-
- /* this object spans two pages */
- pages[0] = page;
- pages[1] = get_next_page(page);
- BUG_ON(!pages[1]);
-
- return __zs_map_object(area, pages, off, class->size);
-}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(zs_map_object);
-
-void zs_unmap_object(struct zs_pool *pool, unsigned long handle)
-{
- struct page *page;
- unsigned long obj_idx, off;
-
- unsigned int class_idx;
- enum fullness_group fg;
- struct size_class *class;
- struct mapping_area *area;
-
- BUG_ON(!handle);
-
- obj_handle_to_location(handle, &page, &obj_idx);
- get_zspage_mapping(get_first_page(page), &class_idx, &fg);
- class = &pool->size_class[class_idx];
- off = obj_idx_to_offset(page, obj_idx, class->size);
-
- area = &__get_cpu_var(zs_map_area);
- if (off + class->size <= PAGE_SIZE)
- kunmap_atomic(area->vm_addr);
- else {
- struct page *pages[2];
-
- pages[0] = page;
- pages[1] = get_next_page(page);
- BUG_ON(!pages[1]);
-
- __zs_unmap_object(area, pages, off, class->size);
- }
- put_cpu_var(zs_map_area);
-}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(zs_unmap_object);
-
-u64 zs_get_total_size_bytes(struct zs_pool *pool)
-{
- int i;
- u64 npages = 0;
-
- for (i = 0; i < ZS_SIZE_CLASSES; i++)
- npages += pool->size_class[i].pages_allocated;
-
- return npages << PAGE_SHIFT;
-}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(zs_get_total_size_bytes);
-
-module_init(zs_init);
-module_exit(zs_exit);
-
-MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
-MODULE_AUTHOR("Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>");
diff --git a/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc.h b/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc.h
deleted file mode 100644
index eb6efb6..0000000
--- a/drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * zsmalloc memory allocator
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2011 Nitin Gupta
- *
- * This code is released using a dual license strategy: BSD/GPL
- * You can choose the license that better fits your requirements.
- *
- * Released under the terms of 3-clause BSD License
- * Released under the terms of GNU General Public License Version 2.0
- */
-
-#ifndef _ZS_MALLOC_H_
-#define _ZS_MALLOC_H_
-
-#include <linux/types.h>
-#include <linux/mm_types.h>
-
-/*
- * zsmalloc mapping modes
- *
- * NOTE: These only make a difference when a mapped object spans pages
-*/
-enum zs_mapmode {
- ZS_MM_RW, /* normal read-write mapping */
- ZS_MM_RO, /* read-only (no copy-out at unmap time) */
- ZS_MM_WO /* write-only (no copy-in at map time) */
-};
-
-struct zs_ops {
- struct page * (*alloc)(gfp_t);
- void (*free)(struct page *);
-};
-
-struct zs_pool;
-
-struct zs_pool *zs_create_pool(gfp_t flags, struct zs_ops *ops);
-void zs_destroy_pool(struct zs_pool *pool);
-
-unsigned long zs_malloc(struct zs_pool *pool, size_t size, gfp_t flags);
-void zs_free(struct zs_pool *pool, unsigned long obj);
-
-void *zs_map_object(struct zs_pool *pool, unsigned long handle,
- enum zs_mapmode mm);
-void zs_unmap_object(struct zs_pool *pool, unsigned long handle);
-
-u64 zs_get_total_size_bytes(struct zs_pool *pool);
-
-#endif
diff --git a/include/linux/zsmalloc.h b/include/linux/zsmalloc.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb6efb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/linux/zsmalloc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+ * zsmalloc memory allocator
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 Nitin Gupta
+ *
+ * This code is released using a dual license strategy: BSD/GPL
+ * You can choose the license that better fits your requirements.
+ *
+ * Released under the terms of 3-clause BSD License
+ * Released under the terms of GNU General Public License Version 2.0
+ */
+
+#ifndef _ZS_MALLOC_H_
+#define _ZS_MALLOC_H_
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/mm_types.h>
+
+/*
+ * zsmalloc mapping modes
+ *
+ * NOTE: These only make a difference when a mapped object spans pages
+*/
+enum zs_mapmode {
+ ZS_MM_RW, /* normal read-write mapping */
+ ZS_MM_RO, /* read-only (no copy-out at unmap time) */
+ ZS_MM_WO /* write-only (no copy-in at map time) */
+};
+
+struct zs_ops {
+ struct page * (*alloc)(gfp_t);
+ void (*free)(struct page *);
+};
+
+struct zs_pool;
+
+struct zs_pool *zs_create_pool(gfp_t flags, struct zs_ops *ops);
+void zs_destroy_pool(struct zs_pool *pool);
+
+unsigned long zs_malloc(struct zs_pool *pool, size_t size, gfp_t flags);
+void zs_free(struct zs_pool *pool, unsigned long obj);
+
+void *zs_map_object(struct zs_pool *pool, unsigned long handle,
+ enum zs_mapmode mm);
+void zs_unmap_object(struct zs_pool *pool, unsigned long handle);
+
+u64 zs_get_total_size_bytes(struct zs_pool *pool);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/lib/Kconfig b/lib/Kconfig
index 75cdb77..fdab273 100644
--- a/lib/Kconfig
+++ b/lib/Kconfig
@@ -219,6 +219,24 @@ config DECOMPRESS_LZO
config GENERIC_ALLOCATOR
boolean
+config ZSMALLOC
+ tristate "Memory allocator for compressed pages"
+ default n
+ help
+ zsmalloc is a slab-based memory allocator designed to store
+ compressed RAM pages. zsmalloc uses a memory pool that combines
+ single pages into higher order pages by linking them together
+ using the fields of the struct page. Allocations are then
+ mapped through copy buffers or VM mapping, in order to reduce
+ memory pool fragmentation and increase allocation success rate under
+ memory pressure.
+
+ This results in a non-standard allocator interface where
+ a handle, not a pointer, is returned by the allocation function.
+ This handle must be mapped in order to access the allocated space.
+
+ If unsure, say N.
+
#
# reed solomon support is select'ed if needed
#
diff --git a/lib/Makefile b/lib/Makefile
index 0f4c6ef..60ce44b 100644
--- a/lib/Makefile
+++ b/lib/Makefile
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_CRC7) += crc7.o
obj-$(CONFIG_LIBCRC32C) += libcrc32c.o
obj-$(CONFIG_CRC8) += crc8.o
obj-$(CONFIG_GENERIC_ALLOCATOR) += genalloc.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_ZSMALLOC) += zsmalloc.o
obj-$(CONFIG_ZLIB_INFLATE) += zlib_inflate/
obj-$(CONFIG_ZLIB_DEFLATE) += zlib_deflate/
diff --git a/lib/zsmalloc.c b/lib/zsmalloc.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3aaf086
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/zsmalloc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1076 @@
+/*
+ * zsmalloc memory allocator
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 Nitin Gupta
+ *
+ * This code is released using a dual license strategy: BSD/GPL
+ * You can choose the license that better fits your requirements.
+ *
+ * Released under the terms of 3-clause BSD License
+ * Released under the terms of GNU General Public License Version 2.0
+ */
+
+
+/*
+ * This allocator is designed for use with zcache and zram. Thus, the
+ * allocator is supposed to work well under low memory conditions. In
+ * particular, it never attempts higher order page allocation which is
+ * very likely to fail under memory pressure. On the other hand, if we
+ * just use single (0-order) pages, it would suffer from very high
+ * fragmentation -- any object of size PAGE_SIZE/2 or larger would occupy
+ * an entire page. This was one of the major issues with its predecessor
+ * (xvmalloc).
+ *
+ * To overcome these issues, zsmalloc allocates a bunch of 0-order pages
+ * and links them together using various 'struct page' fields. These linked
+ * pages act as a single higher-order page i.e. an object can span 0-order
+ * page boundaries. The code refers to these linked pages as a single entity
+ * called zspage.
+ *
+ * Following is how we use various fields and flags of underlying
+ * struct page(s) to form a zspage.
+ *
+ * Usage of struct page fields:
+ * page->first_page: points to the first component (0-order) page
+ * page->index (union with page->freelist): offset of the first object
+ * starting in this page. For the first page, this is
+ * always 0, so we use this field (aka freelist) to point
+ * to the first free object in zspage.
+ * page->lru: links together all component pages (except the first page)
+ * of a zspage
+ *
+ * For _first_ page only:
+ *
+ * page->private (union with page->first_page): refers to the
+ * component page after the first page
+ * page->freelist: points to the first free object in zspage.
+ * Free objects are linked together using in-place
+ * metadata.
+ * page->objects: maximum number of objects we can store in this
+ * zspage (class->zspage_order * PAGE_SIZE / class->size)
+ * page->lru: links together first pages of various zspages.
+ * Basically forming list of zspages in a fullness group.
+ * page->mapping: class index and fullness group of the zspage
+ *
+ * Usage of struct page flags:
+ * PG_private: identifies the first component page
+ * PG_private2: identifies the last component page
+ *
+ */
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_ZSMALLOC_DEBUG
+#define DEBUG
+#endif
+
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/bitops.h>
+#include <linux/errno.h>
+#include <linux/highmem.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/string.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <asm/tlbflush.h>
+#include <asm/pgtable.h>
+#include <linux/cpumask.h>
+#include <linux/cpu.h>
+#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
+#include <linux/hardirq.h>
+#include <linux/spinlock.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/zsmalloc.h>
+
+/*
+ * This must be power of 2 and greater than of equal to sizeof(link_free).
+ * These two conditions ensure that any 'struct link_free' itself doesn't
+ * span more than 1 page which avoids complex case of mapping 2 pages simply
+ * to restore link_free pointer values.
+ */
+#define ZS_ALIGN 8
+
+/*
+ * A single 'zspage' is composed of up to 2^N discontiguous 0-order (single)
+ * pages. ZS_MAX_ZSPAGE_ORDER defines upper limit on N.
+ */
+#define ZS_MAX_ZSPAGE_ORDER 2
+#define ZS_MAX_PAGES_PER_ZSPAGE (_AC(1, UL) << ZS_MAX_ZSPAGE_ORDER)
+
+/*
+ * Object location (<PFN>, <obj_idx>) is encoded as
+ * as single (void *) handle value.
+ *
+ * Note that object index <obj_idx> is relative to system
+ * page <PFN> it is stored in, so for each sub-page belonging
+ * to a zspage, obj_idx starts with 0.
+ *
+ * This is made more complicated by various memory models and PAE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS
+#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM64G
+#define MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS 36
+#else /* !CONFIG_HIGHMEM64G */
+/*
+ * If this definition of MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS is used, OBJ_INDEX_BITS will just
+ * be PAGE_SHIFT
+ */
+#define MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS BITS_PER_LONG
+#endif
+#endif
+#define _PFN_BITS (MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS - PAGE_SHIFT)
+#define OBJ_INDEX_BITS (BITS_PER_LONG - _PFN_BITS)
+#define OBJ_INDEX_MASK ((_AC(1, UL) << OBJ_INDEX_BITS) - 1)
+
+#define MAX(a, b) ((a) >= (b) ? (a) : (b))
+/* ZS_MIN_ALLOC_SIZE must be multiple of ZS_ALIGN */
+#define ZS_MIN_ALLOC_SIZE \
+ MAX(32, (ZS_MAX_PAGES_PER_ZSPAGE << PAGE_SHIFT >> OBJ_INDEX_BITS))
+#define ZS_MAX_ALLOC_SIZE PAGE_SIZE
+
+/*
+ * On systems with 4K page size, this gives 254 size classes! There is a
+ * trader-off here:
+ * - Large number of size classes is potentially wasteful as free page are
+ * spread across these classes
+ * - Small number of size classes causes large internal fragmentation
+ * - Probably its better to use specific size classes (empirically
+ * determined). NOTE: all those class sizes must be set as multiple of
+ * ZS_ALIGN to make sure link_free itself never has to span 2 pages.
+ *
+ * ZS_MIN_ALLOC_SIZE and ZS_SIZE_CLASS_DELTA must be multiple of ZS_ALIGN
+ * (reason above)
+ */
+#define ZS_SIZE_CLASS_DELTA (PAGE_SIZE >> 8)
+#define ZS_SIZE_CLASSES ((ZS_MAX_ALLOC_SIZE - ZS_MIN_ALLOC_SIZE) / \
+ ZS_SIZE_CLASS_DELTA + 1)
+
+/*
+ * We do not maintain any list for completely empty or full pages
+ */
+enum fullness_group {
+ ZS_ALMOST_FULL,
+ ZS_ALMOST_EMPTY,
+ _ZS_NR_FULLNESS_GROUPS,
+
+ ZS_EMPTY,
+ ZS_FULL
+};
+
+/*
+ * We assign a page to ZS_ALMOST_EMPTY fullness group when:
+ * n <= N / f, where
+ * n = number of allocated objects
+ * N = total number of objects zspage can store
+ * f = 1/fullness_threshold_frac
+ *
+ * Similarly, we assign zspage to:
+ * ZS_ALMOST_FULL when n > N / f
+ * ZS_EMPTY when n == 0
+ * ZS_FULL when n == N
+ *
+ * (see: fix_fullness_group())
+ */
+static const int fullness_threshold_frac = 4;
+
+struct size_class {
+ /*
+ * Size of objects stored in this class. Must be multiple
+ * of ZS_ALIGN.
+ */
+ int size;
+ unsigned int index;
+
+ /* Number of PAGE_SIZE sized pages to combine to form a 'zspage' */
+ int pages_per_zspage;
+
+ spinlock_t lock;
+
+ /* stats */
+ u64 pages_allocated;
+
+ struct page *fullness_list[_ZS_NR_FULLNESS_GROUPS];
+};
+
+/*
+ * Placed within free objects to form a singly linked list.
+ * For every zspage, first_page->freelist gives head of this list.
+ *
+ * This must be power of 2 and less than or equal to ZS_ALIGN
+ */
+struct link_free {
+ /* Handle of next free chunk (encodes <PFN, obj_idx>) */
+ void *next;
+};
+
+struct zs_pool {
+ struct size_class size_class[ZS_SIZE_CLASSES];
+ struct zs_ops *ops;
+};
+
+/*
+ * A zspage's class index and fullness group
+ * are encoded in its (first)page->mapping
+ */
+#define CLASS_IDX_BITS 28
+#define FULLNESS_BITS 4
+#define CLASS_IDX_MASK ((1 << CLASS_IDX_BITS) - 1)
+#define FULLNESS_MASK ((1 << FULLNESS_BITS) - 1)
+
+/*
+ * By default, zsmalloc uses a copy-based object mapping method to access
+ * allocations that span two pages. However, if a particular architecture
+ * 1) Implements local_flush_tlb_kernel_range() and 2) Performs VM mapping
+ * faster than copying, then it should be added here so that
+ * USE_PGTABLE_MAPPING is defined. This causes zsmalloc to use page table
+ * mapping rather than copying
+ * for object mapping.
+*/
+#if defined(CONFIG_ARM)
+#define USE_PGTABLE_MAPPING
+#endif
+
+struct mapping_area {
+#ifdef USE_PGTABLE_MAPPING
+ struct vm_struct *vm; /* vm area for mapping object that span pages */
+#else
+ char *vm_buf; /* copy buffer for objects that span pages */
+#endif
+ char *vm_addr; /* address of kmap_atomic()'ed pages */
+ enum zs_mapmode vm_mm; /* mapping mode */
+};
+
+/* default page alloc/free ops */
+struct page *zs_alloc_page(gfp_t flags)
+{
+ return alloc_page(flags);
+}
+
+void zs_free_page(struct page *page)
+{
+ __free_page(page);
+}
+
+struct zs_ops zs_default_ops = {
+ .alloc = zs_alloc_page,
+ .free = zs_free_page
+};
+
+/* per-cpu VM mapping areas for zspage accesses that cross page boundaries */
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct mapping_area, zs_map_area);
+
+static int is_first_page(struct page *page)
+{
+ return PagePrivate(page);
+}
+
+static int is_last_page(struct page *page)
+{
+ return PagePrivate2(page);
+}
+
+static void get_zspage_mapping(struct page *page, unsigned int *class_idx,
+ enum fullness_group *fullness)
+{
+ unsigned long m;
+ BUG_ON(!is_first_page(page));
+
+ m = (unsigned long)page->mapping;
+ *fullness = m & FULLNESS_MASK;
+ *class_idx = (m >> FULLNESS_BITS) & CLASS_IDX_MASK;
+}
+
+static void set_zspage_mapping(struct page *page, unsigned int class_idx,
+ enum fullness_group fullness)
+{
+ unsigned long m;
+ BUG_ON(!is_first_page(page));
+
+ m = ((class_idx & CLASS_IDX_MASK) << FULLNESS_BITS) |
+ (fullness & FULLNESS_MASK);
+ page->mapping = (struct address_space *)m;
+}
+
+static int get_size_class_index(int size)
+{
+ int idx = 0;
+
+ if (likely(size > ZS_MIN_ALLOC_SIZE))
+ idx = DIV_ROUND_UP(size - ZS_MIN_ALLOC_SIZE,
+ ZS_SIZE_CLASS_DELTA);
+
+ return idx;
+}
+
+static enum fullness_group get_fullness_group(struct page *page)
+{
+ int inuse, max_objects;
+ enum fullness_group fg;
+ BUG_ON(!is_first_page(page));
+
+ inuse = page->inuse;
+ max_objects = page->objects;
+
+ if (inuse == 0)
+ fg = ZS_EMPTY;
+ else if (inuse == max_objects)
+ fg = ZS_FULL;
+ else if (inuse <= max_objects / fullness_threshold_frac)
+ fg = ZS_ALMOST_EMPTY;
+ else
+ fg = ZS_ALMOST_FULL;
+
+ return fg;
+}
+
+static void insert_zspage(struct page *page, struct size_class *class,
+ enum fullness_group fullness)
+{
+ struct page **head;
+
+ BUG_ON(!is_first_page(page));
+
+ if (fullness >= _ZS_NR_FULLNESS_GROUPS)
+ return;
+
+ head = &class->fullness_list[fullness];
+ if (*head)
+ list_add_tail(&page->lru, &(*head)->lru);
+
+ *head = page;
+}
+
+static void remove_zspage(struct page *page, struct size_class *class,
+ enum fullness_group fullness)
+{
+ struct page **head;
+
+ BUG_ON(!is_first_page(page));
+
+ if (fullness >= _ZS_NR_FULLNESS_GROUPS)
+ return;
+
+ head = &class->fullness_list[fullness];
+ BUG_ON(!*head);
+ if (list_empty(&(*head)->lru))
+ *head = NULL;
+ else if (*head == page)
+ *head = (struct page *)list_entry((*head)->lru.next,
+ struct page, lru);
+
+ list_del_init(&page->lru);
+}
+
+static enum fullness_group fix_fullness_group(struct zs_pool *pool,
+ struct page *page)
+{
+ int class_idx;
+ struct size_class *class;
+ enum fullness_group currfg, newfg;
+
+ BUG_ON(!is_first_page(page));
+
+ get_zspage_mapping(page, &class_idx, &currfg);
+ newfg = get_fullness_group(page);
+ if (newfg == currfg)
+ goto out;
+
+ class = &pool->size_class[class_idx];
+ remove_zspage(page, class, currfg);
+ insert_zspage(page, class, newfg);
+ set_zspage_mapping(page, class_idx, newfg);
+
+out:
+ return newfg;
+}
+
+/*
+ * We have to decide on how many pages to link together
+ * to form a zspage for each size class. This is important
+ * to reduce wastage due to unusable space left at end of
+ * each zspage which is given as:
+ * wastage = Zp - Zp % size_class
+ * where Zp = zspage size = k * PAGE_SIZE where k = 1, 2, ...
+ *
+ * For example, for size class of 3/8 * PAGE_SIZE, we should
+ * link together 3 PAGE_SIZE sized pages to form a zspage
+ * since then we can perfectly fit in 8 such objects.
+ */
+static int get_pages_per_zspage(int class_size)
+{
+ int i, max_usedpc = 0;
+ /* zspage order which gives maximum used size per KB */
+ int max_usedpc_order = 1;
+
+ for (i = 1; i <= ZS_MAX_PAGES_PER_ZSPAGE; i++) {
+ int zspage_size;
+ int waste, usedpc;
+
+ zspage_size = i * PAGE_SIZE;
+ waste = zspage_size % class_size;
+ usedpc = (zspage_size - waste) * 100 / zspage_size;
+
+ if (usedpc > max_usedpc) {
+ max_usedpc = usedpc;
+ max_usedpc_order = i;
+ }
+ }
+
+ return max_usedpc_order;
+}
+
+/*
+ * A single 'zspage' is composed of many system pages which are
+ * linked together using fields in struct page. This function finds
+ * the first/head page, given any component page of a zspage.
+ */
+static struct page *get_first_page(struct page *page)
+{
+ if (is_first_page(page))
+ return page;
+ else
+ return page->first_page;
+}
+
+static struct page *get_next_page(struct page *page)
+{
+ struct page *next;
+
+ if (is_last_page(page))
+ next = NULL;
+ else if (is_first_page(page))
+ next = (struct page *)page->private;
+ else
+ next = list_entry(page->lru.next, struct page, lru);
+
+ return next;
+}
+
+/* Encode <page, obj_idx> as a single handle value */
+static void *obj_location_to_handle(struct page *page, unsigned long obj_idx)
+{
+ unsigned long handle;
+
+ if (!page) {
+ BUG_ON(obj_idx);
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ handle = page_to_pfn(page) << OBJ_INDEX_BITS;
+ handle |= (obj_idx & OBJ_INDEX_MASK);
+
+ return (void *)handle;
+}
+
+/* Decode <page, obj_idx> pair from the given object handle */
+static void obj_handle_to_location(unsigned long handle, struct page **page,
+ unsigned long *obj_idx)
+{
+ *page = pfn_to_page(handle >> OBJ_INDEX_BITS);
+ *obj_idx = handle & OBJ_INDEX_MASK;
+}
+
+static unsigned long obj_idx_to_offset(struct page *page,
+ unsigned long obj_idx, int class_size)
+{
+ unsigned long off = 0;
+
+ if (!is_first_page(page))
+ off = page->index;
+
+ return off + obj_idx * class_size;
+}
+
+static void reset_page(struct page *page)
+{
+ clear_bit(PG_private, &page->flags);
+ clear_bit(PG_private_2, &page->flags);
+ set_page_private(page, 0);
+ page->mapping = NULL;
+ page->freelist = NULL;
+ reset_page_mapcount(page);
+}
+
+static void free_zspage(struct zs_ops *ops, struct page *first_page)
+{
+ struct page *nextp, *tmp, *head_extra;
+
+ BUG_ON(!is_first_page(first_page));
+ BUG_ON(first_page->inuse);
+
+ head_extra = (struct page *)page_private(first_page);
+
+ reset_page(first_page);
+ ops->free(first_page);
+
+ /* zspage with only 1 system page */
+ if (!head_extra)
+ return;
+
+ list_for_each_entry_safe(nextp, tmp, &head_extra->lru, lru) {
+ list_del(&nextp->lru);
+ reset_page(nextp);
+ ops->free(nextp);
+ }
+ reset_page(head_extra);
+ ops->free(head_extra);
+}
+
+/* Initialize a newly allocated zspage */
+static void init_zspage(struct page *first_page, struct size_class *class)
+{
+ unsigned long off = 0;
+ struct page *page = first_page;
+
+ BUG_ON(!is_first_page(first_page));
+ while (page) {
+ struct page *next_page;
+ struct link_free *link;
+ unsigned int i, objs_on_page;
+
+ /*
+ * page->index stores offset of first object starting
+ * in the page. For the first page, this is always 0,
+ * so we use first_page->index (aka ->freelist) to store
+ * head of corresponding zspage's freelist.
+ */
+ if (page != first_page)
+ page->index = off;
+
+ link = (struct link_free *)kmap_atomic(page) +
+ off / sizeof(*link);
+ objs_on_page = (PAGE_SIZE - off) / class->size;
+
+ for (i = 1; i <= objs_on_page; i++) {
+ off += class->size;
+ if (off < PAGE_SIZE) {
+ link->next = obj_location_to_handle(page, i);
+ link += class->size / sizeof(*link);
+ }
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * We now come to the last (full or partial) object on this
+ * page, which must point to the first object on the next
+ * page (if present)
+ */
+ next_page = get_next_page(page);
+ link->next = obj_location_to_handle(next_page, 0);
+ kunmap_atomic(link);
+ page = next_page;
+ off = (off + class->size) % PAGE_SIZE;
+ }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Allocate a zspage for the given size class
+ */
+static struct page *alloc_zspage(struct zs_ops *ops, struct size_class *class,
+ gfp_t flags)
+{
+ int i, error;
+ struct page *first_page = NULL, *uninitialized_var(prev_page);
+
+ /*
+ * Allocate individual pages and link them together as:
+ * 1. first page->private = first sub-page
+ * 2. all sub-pages are linked together using page->lru
+ * 3. each sub-page is linked to the first page using page->first_page
+ *
+ * For each size class, First/Head pages are linked together using
+ * page->lru. Also, we set PG_private to identify the first page
+ * (i.e. no other sub-page has this flag set) and PG_private_2 to
+ * identify the last page.
+ */
+ error = -ENOMEM;
+ for (i = 0; i < class->pages_per_zspage; i++) {
+ struct page *page;
+
+ page = ops->alloc(flags);
+ if (!page)
+ goto cleanup;
+
+ INIT_LIST_HEAD(&page->lru);
+ if (i == 0) { /* first page */
+ SetPagePrivate(page);
+ set_page_private(page, 0);
+ first_page = page;
+ first_page->inuse = 0;
+ }
+ if (i == 1)
+ first_page->private = (unsigned long)page;
+ if (i >= 1)
+ page->first_page = first_page;
+ if (i >= 2)
+ list_add(&page->lru, &prev_page->lru);
+ if (i == class->pages_per_zspage - 1) /* last page */
+ SetPagePrivate2(page);
+ prev_page = page;
+ }
+
+ init_zspage(first_page, class);
+
+ first_page->freelist = obj_location_to_handle(first_page, 0);
+ /* Maximum number of objects we can store in this zspage */
+ first_page->objects = class->pages_per_zspage * PAGE_SIZE / class->size;
+
+ error = 0; /* Success */
+
+cleanup:
+ if (unlikely(error) && first_page) {
+ free_zspage(ops, first_page);
+ first_page = NULL;
+ }
+
+ return first_page;
+}
+
+static struct page *find_get_zspage(struct size_class *class)
+{
+ int i;
+ struct page *page;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < _ZS_NR_FULLNESS_GROUPS; i++) {
+ page = class->fullness_list[i];
+ if (page)
+ break;
+ }
+
+ return page;
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_PGTABLE_MAPPING
+static inline int __zs_cpu_up(struct mapping_area *area)
+{
+ /*
+ * Make sure we don't leak memory if a cpu UP notification
+ * and zs_init() race and both call zs_cpu_up() on the same cpu
+ */
+ if (area->vm)
+ return 0;
+ area->vm = alloc_vm_area(PAGE_SIZE * 2, NULL);
+ if (!area->vm)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static inline void __zs_cpu_down(struct mapping_area *area)
+{
+ if (area->vm)
+ free_vm_area(area->vm);
+ area->vm = NULL;
+}
+
+static inline void *__zs_map_object(struct mapping_area *area,
+ struct page *pages[2], int off, int size)
+{
+ BUG_ON(map_vm_area(area->vm, PAGE_KERNEL, &pages));
+ area->vm_addr = area->vm->addr;
+ return area->vm_addr + off;
+}
+
+static inline void __zs_unmap_object(struct mapping_area *area,
+ struct page *pages[2], int off, int size)
+{
+ unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)area->vm_addr;
+ unsigned long end = addr + (PAGE_SIZE * 2);
+
+ flush_cache_vunmap(addr, end);
+ unmap_kernel_range_noflush(addr, PAGE_SIZE * 2);
+ local_flush_tlb_kernel_range(addr, end);
+}
+
+#else /* USE_PGTABLE_MAPPING */
+
+static inline int __zs_cpu_up(struct mapping_area *area)
+{
+ /*
+ * Make sure we don't leak memory if a cpu UP notification
+ * and zs_init() race and both call zs_cpu_up() on the same cpu
+ */
+ if (area->vm_buf)
+ return 0;
+ area->vm_buf = (char *)__get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!area->vm_buf)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static inline void __zs_cpu_down(struct mapping_area *area)
+{
+ if (area->vm_buf)
+ free_page((unsigned long)area->vm_buf);
+ area->vm_buf = NULL;
+}
+
+static void *__zs_map_object(struct mapping_area *area,
+ struct page *pages[2], int off, int size)
+{
+ int sizes[2];
+ void *addr;
+ char *buf = area->vm_buf;
+
+ /* disable page faults to match kmap_atomic() return conditions */
+ pagefault_disable();
+
+ /* no read fastpath */
+ if (area->vm_mm == ZS_MM_WO)
+ goto out;
+
+ sizes[0] = PAGE_SIZE - off;
+ sizes[1] = size - sizes[0];
+
+ /* copy object to per-cpu buffer */
+ addr = kmap_atomic(pages[0]);
+ memcpy(buf, addr + off, sizes[0]);
+ kunmap_atomic(addr);
+ addr = kmap_atomic(pages[1]);
+ memcpy(buf + sizes[0], addr, sizes[1]);
+ kunmap_atomic(addr);
+out:
+ return area->vm_buf;
+}
+
+static void __zs_unmap_object(struct mapping_area *area,
+ struct page *pages[2], int off, int size)
+{
+ int sizes[2];
+ void *addr;
+ char *buf = area->vm_buf;
+
+ /* no write fastpath */
+ if (area->vm_mm == ZS_MM_RO)
+ goto out;
+
+ sizes[0] = PAGE_SIZE - off;
+ sizes[1] = size - sizes[0];
+
+ /* copy per-cpu buffer to object */
+ addr = kmap_atomic(pages[0]);
+ memcpy(addr + off, buf, sizes[0]);
+ kunmap_atomic(addr);
+ addr = kmap_atomic(pages[1]);
+ memcpy(addr, buf + sizes[0], sizes[1]);
+ kunmap_atomic(addr);
+
+out:
+ /* enable page faults to match kunmap_atomic() return conditions */
+ pagefault_enable();
+}
+
+#endif /* USE_PGTABLE_MAPPING */
+
+static int zs_cpu_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb, unsigned long action,
+ void *pcpu)
+{
+ int ret, cpu = (long)pcpu;
+ struct mapping_area *area;
+
+ switch (action) {
+ case CPU_UP_PREPARE:
+ area = &per_cpu(zs_map_area, cpu);
+ ret = __zs_cpu_up(area);
+ if (ret)
+ return notifier_from_errno(ret);
+ break;
+ case CPU_DEAD:
+ case CPU_UP_CANCELED:
+ area = &per_cpu(zs_map_area, cpu);
+ __zs_cpu_down(area);
+ break;
+ }
+
+ return NOTIFY_OK;
+}
+
+static struct notifier_block zs_cpu_nb = {
+ .notifier_call = zs_cpu_notifier
+};
+
+static void zs_exit(void)
+{
+ int cpu;
+
+ for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
+ zs_cpu_notifier(NULL, CPU_DEAD, (void *)(long)cpu);
+ unregister_cpu_notifier(&zs_cpu_nb);
+}
+
+static int zs_init(void)
+{
+ int cpu, ret;
+
+ register_cpu_notifier(&zs_cpu_nb);
+ for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
+ ret = zs_cpu_notifier(NULL, CPU_UP_PREPARE, (void *)(long)cpu);
+ if (notifier_to_errno(ret))
+ goto fail;
+ }
+ return 0;
+fail:
+ zs_exit();
+ return notifier_to_errno(ret);
+}
+
+struct zs_pool *zs_create_pool(gfp_t flags, struct zs_ops *ops)
+{
+ int i, ovhd_size;
+ struct zs_pool *pool;
+
+ ovhd_size = roundup(sizeof(*pool), PAGE_SIZE);
+ pool = kzalloc(ovhd_size, flags);
+ if (!pool)
+ return NULL;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < ZS_SIZE_CLASSES; i++) {
+ int size;
+ struct size_class *class;
+
+ size = ZS_MIN_ALLOC_SIZE + i * ZS_SIZE_CLASS_DELTA;
+ if (size > ZS_MAX_ALLOC_SIZE)
+ size = ZS_MAX_ALLOC_SIZE;
+
+ class = &pool->size_class[i];
+ class->size = size;
+ class->index = i;
+ spin_lock_init(&class->lock);
+ class->pages_per_zspage = get_pages_per_zspage(size);
+
+ }
+
+ if (ops)
+ pool->ops = ops;
+ else
+ pool->ops = &zs_default_ops;
+
+ return pool;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(zs_create_pool);
+
+void zs_destroy_pool(struct zs_pool *pool)
+{
+ int i;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < ZS_SIZE_CLASSES; i++) {
+ int fg;
+ struct size_class *class = &pool->size_class[i];
+
+ for (fg = 0; fg < _ZS_NR_FULLNESS_GROUPS; fg++) {
+ if (class->fullness_list[fg]) {
+ pr_info("Freeing non-empty class with size "
+ "%db, fullness group %d\n",
+ class->size, fg);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ kfree(pool);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(zs_destroy_pool);
+
+/**
+ * zs_malloc - Allocate block of given size from pool.
+ * @pool: pool to allocate from
+ * @size: size of block to allocate
+ *
+ * On success, handle to the allocated object is returned,
+ * otherwise 0.
+ * Allocation requests with size > ZS_MAX_ALLOC_SIZE will fail.
+ */
+unsigned long zs_malloc(struct zs_pool *pool, size_t size, gfp_t flags)
+{
+ unsigned long obj;
+ struct link_free *link;
+ int class_idx;
+ struct size_class *class;
+
+ struct page *first_page, *m_page;
+ unsigned long m_objidx, m_offset;
+
+ if (unlikely(!size || size > ZS_MAX_ALLOC_SIZE))
+ return 0;
+
+ class_idx = get_size_class_index(size);
+ class = &pool->size_class[class_idx];
+ BUG_ON(class_idx != class->index);
+
+ spin_lock(&class->lock);
+ first_page = find_get_zspage(class);
+
+ if (!first_page) {
+ spin_unlock(&class->lock);
+ first_page = alloc_zspage(pool->ops, class, flags);
+ if (unlikely(!first_page))
+ return 0;
+
+ set_zspage_mapping(first_page, class->index, ZS_EMPTY);
+ spin_lock(&class->lock);
+ class->pages_allocated += class->pages_per_zspage;
+ }
+
+ obj = (unsigned long)first_page->freelist;
+ obj_handle_to_location(obj, &m_page, &m_objidx);
+ m_offset = obj_idx_to_offset(m_page, m_objidx, class->size);
+
+ link = (struct link_free *)kmap_atomic(m_page) +
+ m_offset / sizeof(*link);
+ first_page->freelist = link->next;
+ memset(link, POISON_INUSE, sizeof(*link));
+ kunmap_atomic(link);
+
+ first_page->inuse++;
+ /* Now move the zspage to another fullness group, if required */
+ fix_fullness_group(pool, first_page);
+ spin_unlock(&class->lock);
+
+ return obj;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(zs_malloc);
+
+void zs_free(struct zs_pool *pool, unsigned long obj)
+{
+ struct link_free *link;
+ struct page *first_page, *f_page;
+ unsigned long f_objidx, f_offset;
+
+ int class_idx;
+ struct size_class *class;
+ enum fullness_group fullness;
+
+ if (unlikely(!obj))
+ return;
+
+ obj_handle_to_location(obj, &f_page, &f_objidx);
+ first_page = get_first_page(f_page);
+
+ get_zspage_mapping(first_page, &class_idx, &fullness);
+ class = &pool->size_class[class_idx];
+ f_offset = obj_idx_to_offset(f_page, f_objidx, class->size);
+
+ spin_lock(&class->lock);
+
+ /* Insert this object in containing zspage's freelist */
+ link = (struct link_free *)((unsigned char *)kmap_atomic(f_page)
+ + f_offset);
+ link->next = first_page->freelist;
+ kunmap_atomic(link);
+ first_page->freelist = (void *)obj;
+
+ first_page->inuse--;
+ fullness = fix_fullness_group(pool, first_page);
+
+ if (fullness == ZS_EMPTY)
+ class->pages_allocated -= class->pages_per_zspage;
+
+ spin_unlock(&class->lock);
+
+ if (fullness == ZS_EMPTY)
+ free_zspage(pool->ops, first_page);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(zs_free);
+
+/**
+ * zs_map_object - get address of allocated object from handle.
+ * @pool: pool from which the object was allocated
+ * @handle: handle returned from zs_malloc
+ *
+ * Before using an object allocated from zs_malloc, it must be mapped using
+ * this function. When done with the object, it must be unmapped using
+ * zs_unmap_object.
+ *
+ * Only one object can be mapped per cpu at a time. There is no protection
+ * against nested mappings.
+ *
+ * This function returns with preemption and page faults disabled.
+*/
+void *zs_map_object(struct zs_pool *pool, unsigned long handle,
+ enum zs_mapmode mm)
+{
+ struct page *page;
+ unsigned long obj_idx, off;
+
+ unsigned int class_idx;
+ enum fullness_group fg;
+ struct size_class *class;
+ struct mapping_area *area;
+ struct page *pages[2];
+
+ BUG_ON(!handle);
+
+ /*
+ * Because we use per-cpu mapping areas shared among the
+ * pools/users, we can't allow mapping in interrupt context
+ * because it can corrupt another users mappings.
+ */
+ BUG_ON(in_interrupt());
+
+ obj_handle_to_location(handle, &page, &obj_idx);
+ get_zspage_mapping(get_first_page(page), &class_idx, &fg);
+ class = &pool->size_class[class_idx];
+ off = obj_idx_to_offset(page, obj_idx, class->size);
+
+ area = &get_cpu_var(zs_map_area);
+ area->vm_mm = mm;
+ if (off + class->size <= PAGE_SIZE) {
+ /* this object is contained entirely within a page */
+ area->vm_addr = kmap_atomic(page);
+ return area->vm_addr + off;
+ }
+
+ /* this object spans two pages */
+ pages[0] = page;
+ pages[1] = get_next_page(page);
+ BUG_ON(!pages[1]);
+
+ return __zs_map_object(area, pages, off, class->size);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(zs_map_object);
+
+void zs_unmap_object(struct zs_pool *pool, unsigned long handle)
+{
+ struct page *page;
+ unsigned long obj_idx, off;
+
+ unsigned int class_idx;
+ enum fullness_group fg;
+ struct size_class *class;
+ struct mapping_area *area;
+
+ BUG_ON(!handle);
+
+ obj_handle_to_location(handle, &page, &obj_idx);
+ get_zspage_mapping(get_first_page(page), &class_idx, &fg);
+ class = &pool->size_class[class_idx];
+ off = obj_idx_to_offset(page, obj_idx, class->size);
+
+ area = &__get_cpu_var(zs_map_area);
+ if (off + class->size <= PAGE_SIZE)
+ kunmap_atomic(area->vm_addr);
+ else {
+ struct page *pages[2];
+
+ pages[0] = page;
+ pages[1] = get_next_page(page);
+ BUG_ON(!pages[1]);
+
+ __zs_unmap_object(area, pages, off, class->size);
+ }
+ put_cpu_var(zs_map_area);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(zs_unmap_object);
+
+u64 zs_get_total_size_bytes(struct zs_pool *pool)
+{
+ int i;
+ u64 npages = 0;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < ZS_SIZE_CLASSES; i++)
+ npages += pool->size_class[i].pages_allocated;
+
+ return npages << PAGE_SHIFT;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(zs_get_total_size_bytes);
+
+module_init(zs_init);
+module_exit(zs_exit);
+
+MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>");
--
1.7.9.5
--
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^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread* [PATCH 7/8] zswap: add to mm/
2012-12-11 21:55 [PATCH 0/8] zswap: compressed swap caching Seth Jennings
` (5 preceding siblings ...)
2012-12-11 21:56 ` [PATCH 6/8] zsmalloc: promote to lib/ Seth Jennings
@ 2012-12-11 21:56 ` Seth Jennings
2013-01-03 16:07 ` Seth Jennings
2012-12-11 21:56 ` [PATCH 8/8] zswap: add documentation Seth Jennings
` (4 subsequent siblings)
11 siblings, 1 reply; 38+ messages in thread
From: Seth Jennings @ 2012-12-11 21:56 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Greg Kroah-Hartman, Andrew Morton
Cc: Seth Jennings, Nitin Gupta, Minchan Kim, Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk,
Dan Magenheimer, Robert Jennings, Jenifer Hopper, Mel Gorman,
Johannes Weiner, Rik van Riel, Larry Woodman, linux-mm,
linux-kernel, devel
zswap is a thin compression backend for frontswap. It receives
pages from frontswap and attempts to store them in a compressed
memory pool, resulting in an effective partial memory reclaim and
dramatically reduced swap device I/O.
Additional, in most cases, pages can be retrieved from this
compressed store much more quickly than reading from tradition
swap devices resulting in faster performance for many workloads.
This patch adds the zswap driver to mm/
Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
---
include/linux/swap.h | 4 +
mm/Kconfig | 15 +
mm/Makefile | 1 +
mm/page_io.c | 22 +-
mm/swap_state.c | 2 +-
mm/zswap.c | 1077 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
6 files changed, 1115 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 mm/zswap.c
diff --git a/include/linux/swap.h b/include/linux/swap.h
index 68df9c1..98981f0 100644
--- a/include/linux/swap.h
+++ b/include/linux/swap.h
@@ -321,6 +321,9 @@ static inline void mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(swp_entry_t ent)
/* linux/mm/page_io.c */
extern int swap_readpage(struct page *);
extern int swap_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc);
+extern void end_swap_bio_write(struct bio *bio, int err);
+extern int __swap_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc,
+ void (*end_write_func)(struct bio *, int));
extern int swap_set_page_dirty(struct page *page);
extern void end_swap_bio_read(struct bio *bio, int err);
@@ -335,6 +338,7 @@ extern struct address_space swapper_space;
extern void show_swap_cache_info(void);
extern int add_to_swap(struct page *);
extern int add_to_swap_cache(struct page *, swp_entry_t, gfp_t);
+extern int __add_to_swap_cache(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry);
extern void __delete_from_swap_cache(struct page *);
extern void delete_from_swap_cache(struct page *);
extern void free_page_and_swap_cache(struct page *);
diff --git a/mm/Kconfig b/mm/Kconfig
index 1680a012..68cd1b6 100644
--- a/mm/Kconfig
+++ b/mm/Kconfig
@@ -435,3 +435,18 @@ config FRONTSWAP
and swap data is stored as normal on the matching swap device.
If unsure, say Y to enable frontswap.
+
+config ZSWAP
+ bool "In-kernel swap page compression"
+ depends on FRONTSWAP && CRYPTO
+ select CRYPTO_LZO
+ select ZSMALLOC
+ default n
+ help
+ Zswap is a backend for the frontswap mechanism in the VMM.
+ It receives pages from frontswap and attempts to store them
+ in a compressed memory pool, resulting in an effective
+ partial memory reclaim. In addition, pages and be retrieved
+ from this compressed store much faster than most tradition
+ swap devices resulting in reduced I/O and faster performance
+ for many workloads.
diff --git a/mm/Makefile b/mm/Makefile
index 3a46287..1b1ed5c 100644
--- a/mm/Makefile
+++ b/mm/Makefile
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK) += memblock.o
obj-$(CONFIG_BOUNCE) += bounce.o
obj-$(CONFIG_SWAP) += page_io.o swap_state.o swapfile.o
obj-$(CONFIG_FRONTSWAP) += frontswap.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_ZSWAP) += zswap.o
obj-$(CONFIG_HAS_DMA) += dmapool.o
obj-$(CONFIG_HUGETLBFS) += hugetlb.o
obj-$(CONFIG_NUMA) += mempolicy.o
diff --git a/mm/page_io.c b/mm/page_io.c
index 78eee32..56276fe 100644
--- a/mm/page_io.c
+++ b/mm/page_io.c
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ static struct bio *get_swap_bio(gfp_t gfp_flags,
return bio;
}
-static void end_swap_bio_write(struct bio *bio, int err)
+void end_swap_bio_write(struct bio *bio, int err)
{
const int uptodate = test_bit(BIO_UPTODATE, &bio->bi_flags);
struct page *page = bio->bi_io_vec[0].bv_page;
@@ -179,15 +179,16 @@ bad_bmap:
goto out;
}
+int __swap_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc,
+ void (*end_write_func)(struct bio *, int));
+
/*
* We may have stale swap cache pages in memory: notice
* them here and get rid of the unnecessary final write.
*/
int swap_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc)
{
- struct bio *bio;
- int ret = 0, rw = WRITE;
- struct swap_info_struct *sis = page_swap_info(page);
+ int ret = 0;
if (try_to_free_swap(page)) {
unlock_page(page);
@@ -199,6 +200,17 @@ int swap_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc)
end_page_writeback(page);
goto out;
}
+ ret = __swap_writepage(page, wbc, end_swap_bio_write);
+out:
+ return ret;
+}
+
+int __swap_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc,
+ void (*end_write_func)(struct bio *, int))
+{
+ struct bio *bio;
+ int ret = 0, rw = WRITE;
+ struct swap_info_struct *sis = page_swap_info(page);
if (sis->flags & SWP_FILE) {
struct kiocb kiocb;
@@ -226,7 +238,7 @@ int swap_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc)
return ret;
}
- bio = get_swap_bio(GFP_NOIO, page, end_swap_bio_write);
+ bio = get_swap_bio(GFP_NOIO, page, end_write_func);
if (bio == NULL) {
set_page_dirty(page);
unlock_page(page);
diff --git a/mm/swap_state.c b/mm/swap_state.c
index d1f6c2d..95a8597 100644
--- a/mm/swap_state.c
+++ b/mm/swap_state.c
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ void show_swap_cache_info(void)
* __add_to_swap_cache resembles add_to_page_cache_locked on swapper_space,
* but sets SwapCache flag and private instead of mapping and index.
*/
-static int __add_to_swap_cache(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry)
+int __add_to_swap_cache(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry)
{
int error;
diff --git a/mm/zswap.c b/mm/zswap.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f05b26b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mm/zswap.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1077 @@
+/*
+ * zswap-drv.c - zswap driver file
+ *
+ * zswap is a backend for frontswap that takes pages that are in the
+ * process of being swapped out and attempts to compress them and store
+ * them in a RAM-based memory pool. This results in a significant I/O
+ * reduction on the real swap device and, in the case of a slow swap
+ * device, can also improve workload performance.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2012 Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+ * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+*/
+
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/cpu.h>
+#include <linux/highmem.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/spinlock.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/atomic.h>
+#include <linux/frontswap.h>
+#include <linux/rbtree.h>
+#include <linux/swap.h>
+#include <linux/crypto.h>
+#include <linux/mempool.h>
+#include <linux/zsmalloc.h>
+
+#include <linux/mm_types.h>
+#include <linux/page-flags.h>
+#include <linux/swapops.h>
+#include <linux/writeback.h>
+#include <linux/pagemap.h>
+
+/*********************************
+* statistics
+**********************************/
+/* Number of memory pages used by the compressed pool */
+static atomic_t zswap_pool_pages = ATOMIC_INIT(0);
+/* The number of compressed pages currently stored in zswap */
+static atomic_t zswap_stored_pages = ATOMIC_INIT(0);
+/* The number of outstanding pages awaiting writeback */
+static atomic_t zswap_outstanding_flushes = ATOMIC_INIT(0);
+
+/*
+ * The statistics below are not protected from concurrent access for
+ * performance reasons so they may not be a 100% accurate. However,
+ * the do provide useful information on roughly how many times a
+ * certain event is occurring.
+*/
+static u64 zswap_flushed_pages;
+static u64 zswap_reject_compress_poor;
+static u64 zswap_flush_attempted;
+static u64 zswap_reject_tmppage_fail;
+static u64 zswap_reject_flush_fail;
+static u64 zswap_reject_zsmalloc_fail;
+static u64 zswap_reject_kmemcache_fail;
+static u64 zswap_saved_by_flush;
+static u64 zswap_duplicate_entry;
+
+/*********************************
+* tunables
+**********************************/
+/* Enable/disable zswap (enabled by default, fixed at boot for now) */
+static bool zswap_enabled;
+module_param_named(enabled, zswap_enabled, bool, 0);
+
+/* Compressor to be used by zswap (fixed at boot for now) */
+#define ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT "lzo"
+static char *zswap_compressor = ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT;
+module_param_named(compressor, zswap_compressor, charp, 0);
+
+/* The maximum percentage of memory that the compressed pool can occupy */
+static unsigned int zswap_max_pool_percent = 20;
+module_param_named(max_pool_percent,
+ zswap_max_pool_percent, uint, 0644);
+
+/*
+ * Maximum compression ratio, as as percentage, for an acceptable
+ * compressed page. Any pages that do not compress by at least
+ * this ratio will be rejected.
+*/
+static unsigned int zswap_max_compression_ratio = 80;
+module_param_named(max_compression_ratio,
+ zswap_max_compression_ratio, uint, 0644);
+
+/*********************************
+* compression functions
+**********************************/
+/* per-cpu compression transforms */
+static struct crypto_comp * __percpu *zswap_comp_pcpu_tfms;
+
+enum comp_op {
+ ZSWAP_COMPOP_COMPRESS,
+ ZSWAP_COMPOP_DECOMPRESS
+};
+
+static int zswap_comp_op(enum comp_op op, const u8 *src, unsigned int slen,
+ u8 *dst, unsigned int *dlen)
+{
+ struct crypto_comp *tfm;
+ int ret;
+
+ tfm = *per_cpu_ptr(zswap_comp_pcpu_tfms, get_cpu());
+ switch (op) {
+ case ZSWAP_COMPOP_COMPRESS:
+ ret = crypto_comp_compress(tfm, src, slen, dst, dlen);
+ break;
+ case ZSWAP_COMPOP_DECOMPRESS:
+ ret = crypto_comp_decompress(tfm, src, slen, dst, dlen);
+ break;
+ default:
+ ret = -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ put_cpu();
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static int __init zswap_comp_init(void)
+{
+ if (!crypto_has_comp(zswap_compressor, 0, 0)) {
+ pr_info("zswap: %s compressor not available\n",
+ zswap_compressor);
+ /* fall back to default compressor */
+ zswap_compressor = ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT;
+ if (!crypto_has_comp(zswap_compressor, 0, 0))
+ /* can't even load the default compressor */
+ return -ENODEV;
+ }
+ pr_info("zswap: using %s compressor\n", zswap_compressor);
+
+ /* alloc percpu transforms */
+ zswap_comp_pcpu_tfms = alloc_percpu(struct crypto_comp *);
+ if (!zswap_comp_pcpu_tfms)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static void zswap_comp_exit(void)
+{
+ /* free percpu transforms */
+ if (zswap_comp_pcpu_tfms)
+ free_percpu(zswap_comp_pcpu_tfms);
+}
+
+/*********************************
+* data structures
+**********************************/
+struct zswap_entry {
+ struct rb_node rbnode;
+ struct list_head lru;
+ int refcount;
+ unsigned type;
+ pgoff_t offset;
+ unsigned long handle;
+ unsigned int length;
+};
+
+struct zswap_tree {
+ struct rb_root rbroot;
+ struct list_head lru;
+ spinlock_t lock;
+ struct zs_pool *pool;
+};
+
+static struct zswap_tree *zswap_trees[MAX_SWAPFILES];
+
+/*********************************
+* zswap entry functions
+**********************************/
+#define ZSWAP_KMEM_CACHE_NAME "zswap_entry_cache"
+static struct kmem_cache *zswap_entry_cache;
+
+static inline int zswap_entry_cache_create(void)
+{
+ zswap_entry_cache =
+ kmem_cache_create(ZSWAP_KMEM_CACHE_NAME,
+ sizeof(struct zswap_entry), 0, 0, NULL);
+ return (zswap_entry_cache == NULL);
+}
+
+static inline void zswap_entry_cache_destory(void)
+{
+ kmem_cache_destroy(zswap_entry_cache);
+}
+
+static inline struct zswap_entry *zswap_entry_cache_alloc(gfp_t gfp)
+{
+ struct zswap_entry *entry;
+ entry = kmem_cache_alloc(zswap_entry_cache, gfp);
+ if (!entry)
+ return NULL;
+ INIT_LIST_HEAD(&entry->lru);
+ entry->refcount = 1;
+ return entry;
+}
+
+static inline void zswap_entry_cache_free(struct zswap_entry *entry)
+{
+ kmem_cache_free(zswap_entry_cache, entry);
+}
+
+static inline void zswap_entry_get(struct zswap_entry *entry)
+{
+ entry->refcount++;
+}
+
+static inline int zswap_entry_put(struct zswap_entry *entry)
+{
+ entry->refcount--;
+ return entry->refcount;
+}
+
+/*********************************
+* rbtree functions
+**********************************/
+static struct zswap_entry *zswap_rb_search(struct rb_root *root, pgoff_t offset)
+{
+ struct rb_node *node = root->rb_node;
+ struct zswap_entry *entry;
+
+ while (node) {
+ entry = rb_entry(node, struct zswap_entry, rbnode);
+ if (entry->offset > offset)
+ node = node->rb_left;
+ else if (entry->offset < offset)
+ node = node->rb_right;
+ else
+ return entry;
+ }
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * In the case that a entry with the same offset is found, it a pointer to
+ * the existing entry is stored in dupentry and the function returns -EEXIST
+*/
+static int zswap_rb_insert(struct rb_root *root, struct zswap_entry *entry,
+ struct zswap_entry **dupentry)
+{
+ struct rb_node **link = &root->rb_node, *parent = NULL;
+ struct zswap_entry *myentry;
+
+ while (*link) {
+ parent = *link;
+ myentry = rb_entry(parent, struct zswap_entry, rbnode);
+ if (myentry->offset > entry->offset)
+ link = &(*link)->rb_left;
+ else if (myentry->offset < entry->offset)
+ link = &(*link)->rb_right;
+ else {
+ *dupentry = myentry;
+ return -EEXIST;
+ }
+ }
+ rb_link_node(&entry->rbnode, parent, link);
+ rb_insert_color(&entry->rbnode, root);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/*********************************
+* per-cpu code
+**********************************/
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(u8 *, zswap_dstmem);
+
+static int __zswap_cpu_notifier(unsigned long action, unsigned long cpu)
+{
+ struct crypto_comp *tfm;
+ u8 *dst;
+
+ switch (action) {
+ case CPU_UP_PREPARE:
+ tfm = crypto_alloc_comp(zswap_compressor, 0, 0);
+ if (IS_ERR(tfm)) {
+ pr_err("zswap: can't allocate compressor transform\n");
+ return NOTIFY_BAD;
+ }
+ *per_cpu_ptr(zswap_comp_pcpu_tfms, cpu) = tfm;
+ dst = (u8 *)__get_free_pages(GFP_KERNEL, 1);
+ if (!dst) {
+ pr_err("zswap: can't allocate compressor buffer\n");
+ crypto_free_comp(tfm);
+ *per_cpu_ptr(zswap_comp_pcpu_tfms, cpu) = NULL;
+ return NOTIFY_BAD;
+ }
+ per_cpu(zswap_dstmem, cpu) = dst;
+ break;
+ case CPU_DEAD:
+ case CPU_UP_CANCELED:
+ tfm = *per_cpu_ptr(zswap_comp_pcpu_tfms, cpu);
+ if (tfm) {
+ crypto_free_comp(tfm);
+ *per_cpu_ptr(zswap_comp_pcpu_tfms, cpu) = NULL;
+ }
+ dst = per_cpu(zswap_dstmem, cpu);
+ if (dst) {
+ free_pages((unsigned long)dst, 1);
+ per_cpu(zswap_dstmem, cpu) = NULL;
+ }
+ break;
+ default:
+ break;
+ }
+ return NOTIFY_OK;
+}
+
+static int zswap_cpu_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb,
+ unsigned long action, void *pcpu)
+{
+ unsigned long cpu = (unsigned long)pcpu;
+ return __zswap_cpu_notifier(action, cpu);
+}
+
+static struct notifier_block zswap_cpu_notifier_block = {
+ .notifier_call = zswap_cpu_notifier
+};
+
+static int zswap_cpu_init(void)
+{
+ unsigned long cpu;
+
+ get_online_cpus();
+ for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
+ if (__zswap_cpu_notifier(CPU_UP_PREPARE, cpu) != NOTIFY_OK)
+ goto cleanup;
+ register_cpu_notifier(&zswap_cpu_notifier_block);
+ put_online_cpus();
+ return 0;
+
+cleanup:
+ for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
+ __zswap_cpu_notifier(CPU_UP_CANCELED, cpu);
+ put_online_cpus();
+ return -ENOMEM;
+}
+
+#if 0
+/*
+ * #define out for now to avoid unused function warning
+ * but keep around in case future development needs it
+*/
+static void zswap_cpu_exit(void)
+{
+ unsigned long cpu;
+
+ get_online_cpus();
+ unregister_cpu_notifier(&zswap_cpu_notifier_block);
+ for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
+ (void)__zswap_cpu_notifier(CPU_UP_CANCELED, cpu);
+ put_online_cpus();
+}
+#endif
+
+/*********************************
+* zsmalloc callbacks
+**********************************/
+static mempool_t *zswap_page_pool;
+
+static u64 zswap_pool_limit_hit;
+
+static inline unsigned int zswap_max_pool_pages(void)
+{
+ return zswap_max_pool_percent * totalram_pages / 100;
+}
+
+static inline int zswap_page_pool_create(void)
+{
+ zswap_page_pool = mempool_create_page_pool(256, 0);
+ if (!zswap_page_pool)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static inline void zswap_page_pool_destroy(void)
+{
+ mempool_destroy(zswap_page_pool);
+}
+
+static struct page *zswap_alloc_page(gfp_t flags)
+{
+ struct page *page;
+
+ if (atomic_read(&zswap_pool_pages) >= zswap_max_pool_pages()) {
+ zswap_pool_limit_hit++;
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ page = mempool_alloc(zswap_page_pool, flags);
+ if (page)
+ atomic_inc(&zswap_pool_pages);
+ return page;
+}
+
+static void zswap_free_page(struct page *page)
+{
+ mempool_free(page, zswap_page_pool);
+ atomic_dec(&zswap_pool_pages);
+}
+
+static struct zs_ops zswap_zs_ops = {
+ .alloc = zswap_alloc_page,
+ .free = zswap_free_page
+};
+
+/*********************************
+* flush code
+**********************************/
+static void zswap_end_swap_write(struct bio *bio, int err)
+{
+ end_swap_bio_write(bio, err);
+ atomic_dec(&zswap_outstanding_flushes);
+ zswap_flushed_pages++;
+}
+
+/*
+ * zswap_get_swap_cache_page
+ *
+ * This is an adaption of read_swap_cache_async()
+ *
+ * If success, page is returned in retpage
+ * Returns 0 if page was already in the swap cache, page is not locked
+ * Returns 1 if the new page needs to be populated, page is locked
+ */
+static int zswap_get_swap_cache_page(swp_entry_t entry,
+ struct page **retpage)
+{
+ struct page *found_page, *new_page = NULL;
+ int err;
+
+ *retpage = NULL;
+ do {
+ /*
+ * First check the swap cache. Since this is normally
+ * called after lookup_swap_cache() failed, re-calling
+ * that would confuse statistics.
+ */
+ found_page = find_get_page(&swapper_space, entry.val);
+ if (found_page)
+ break;
+
+ /*
+ * Get a new page to read into from swap.
+ */
+ if (!new_page) {
+ new_page = alloc_page(GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!new_page)
+ break; /* Out of memory */
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * call radix_tree_preload() while we can wait.
+ */
+ err = radix_tree_preload(GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (err)
+ break;
+
+ /*
+ * Swap entry may have been freed since our caller observed it.
+ */
+ err = swapcache_prepare(entry);
+ if (err == -EEXIST) { /* seems racy */
+ radix_tree_preload_end();
+ continue;
+ }
+ if (err) { /* swp entry is obsolete ? */
+ radix_tree_preload_end();
+ break;
+ }
+
+ /* May fail (-ENOMEM) if radix-tree node allocation failed. */
+ __set_page_locked(new_page);
+ SetPageSwapBacked(new_page);
+ err = __add_to_swap_cache(new_page, entry);
+ if (likely(!err)) {
+ radix_tree_preload_end();
+ lru_cache_add_anon(new_page);
+ *retpage = new_page;
+ return 1;
+ }
+ radix_tree_preload_end();
+ ClearPageSwapBacked(new_page);
+ __clear_page_locked(new_page);
+ /*
+ * add_to_swap_cache() doesn't return -EEXIST, so we can safely
+ * clear SWAP_HAS_CACHE flag.
+ */
+ swapcache_free(entry, NULL);
+ } while (err != -ENOMEM);
+
+ if (new_page)
+ page_cache_release(new_page);
+ if (!found_page)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+ *retpage = found_page;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int zswap_flush_entry(struct zswap_entry *entry)
+{
+ unsigned long type = entry->type;
+ struct zswap_tree *tree = zswap_trees[type];
+ struct page *page;
+ swp_entry_t swpentry;
+ u8 *src, *dst;
+ unsigned int dlen;
+ int ret, refcount;
+ struct writeback_control wbc = {
+ .sync_mode = WB_SYNC_NONE,
+ };
+
+ /* get/allocate page in the swap cache */
+ swpentry = swp_entry(type, entry->offset);
+ ret = zswap_get_swap_cache_page(swpentry, &page);
+ if (ret < 0)
+ return ret;
+ else if (ret) {
+ /* decompress */
+ dlen = PAGE_SIZE;
+ src = zs_map_object(tree->pool, entry->handle, ZS_MM_RO);
+ dst = kmap_atomic(page);
+ ret = zswap_comp_op(ZSWAP_COMPOP_DECOMPRESS, src, entry->length,
+ dst, &dlen);
+ kunmap_atomic(dst);
+ zs_unmap_object(tree->pool, entry->handle);
+ BUG_ON(ret);
+ BUG_ON(dlen != PAGE_SIZE);
+ SetPageUptodate(page);
+ } else {
+ /* page is already in the swap cache, ignore for now */
+ spin_lock(&tree->lock);
+ refcount = zswap_entry_put(entry);
+ spin_unlock(&tree->lock);
+
+ if (likely(refcount))
+ return 0;
+
+ /* if the refcount is zero, invalidate must have come in */
+ /* free */
+ zs_free(tree->pool, entry->handle);
+ zswap_entry_cache_free(entry);
+ atomic_dec(&zswap_stored_pages);
+
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ /* start writeback */
+ SetPageReclaim(page);
+ /*
+ * Return value is ignored here because it doesn't change anything
+ * for us. Page is returned unlocked.
+ */
+ (void)__swap_writepage(page, &wbc, zswap_end_swap_write);
+ page_cache_release(page);
+ atomic_inc(&zswap_outstanding_flushes);
+
+ /* remove */
+ spin_lock(&tree->lock);
+ refcount = zswap_entry_put(entry);
+ if (refcount > 1) {
+ /* load in progress, load will free */
+ spin_unlock(&tree->lock);
+ return 0;
+ }
+ if (refcount == 1)
+ /* no invalidate yet, remove from rbtree */
+ rb_erase(&entry->rbnode, &tree->rbroot);
+ spin_unlock(&tree->lock);
+
+ /* free */
+ zs_free(tree->pool, entry->handle);
+ zswap_entry_cache_free(entry);
+ atomic_dec(&zswap_stored_pages);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static void zswap_flush_entries(unsigned type, int nr)
+{
+ struct zswap_tree *tree = zswap_trees[type];
+ struct zswap_entry *entry;
+ int i, ret;
+
+/*
+ * This limits is arbitrary for now until a better
+ * policy can be implemented. This is so we don't
+ * eat all of RAM decompressing pages for writeback.
+ */
+#define ZSWAP_MAX_OUTSTANDING_FLUSHES 64
+ if (atomic_read(&zswap_outstanding_flushes) >
+ ZSWAP_MAX_OUTSTANDING_FLUSHES)
+ return;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
+ /* dequeue from lru */
+ spin_lock(&tree->lock);
+ if (list_empty(&tree->lru)) {
+ spin_unlock(&tree->lock);
+ break;
+ }
+ entry = list_first_entry(&tree->lru,
+ struct zswap_entry, lru);
+ list_del(&entry->lru);
+ zswap_entry_get(entry);
+ spin_unlock(&tree->lock);
+ ret = zswap_flush_entry(entry);
+ if (ret) {
+ /* put back on the lru */
+ spin_lock(&tree->lock);
+ list_add(&entry->lru, &tree->lru);
+ spin_unlock(&tree->lock);
+ } else {
+ if (atomic_read(&zswap_outstanding_flushes) >
+ ZSWAP_MAX_OUTSTANDING_FLUSHES)
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+/*******************************************
+* page pool for temporary compression result
+********************************************/
+#define ZSWAP_TMPPAGE_POOL_PAGES 16
+static LIST_HEAD(zswap_tmppage_list);
+static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(zswap_tmppage_lock);
+
+static void zswap_tmppage_pool_destroy(void)
+{
+ struct page *page, *tmppage;
+
+ spin_lock(&zswap_tmppage_lock);
+ list_for_each_entry_safe(page, tmppage, &zswap_tmppage_list, lru) {
+ list_del(&page->lru);
+ __free_pages(page, 1);
+ }
+ spin_unlock(&zswap_tmppage_lock);
+}
+
+static int zswap_tmppage_pool_create(void)
+{
+ int i;
+ struct page *page;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < ZSWAP_TMPPAGE_POOL_PAGES; i++) {
+ page = alloc_pages(GFP_KERNEL, 1);
+ if (!page) {
+ zswap_tmppage_pool_destroy();
+ return -ENOMEM;
+ }
+ spin_lock(&zswap_tmppage_lock);
+ list_add(&page->lru, &zswap_tmppage_list);
+ spin_unlock(&zswap_tmppage_lock);
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static inline struct page *zswap_tmppage_alloc(void)
+{
+ struct page *page;
+
+ spin_lock(&zswap_tmppage_lock);
+ if (list_empty(&zswap_tmppage_list)) {
+ spin_unlock(&zswap_tmppage_lock);
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ page = list_first_entry(&zswap_tmppage_list, struct page, lru);
+ list_del(&page->lru);
+ spin_unlock(&zswap_tmppage_lock);
+ return page;
+}
+
+static inline void zswap_tmppage_free(struct page *page)
+{
+ spin_lock(&zswap_tmppage_lock);
+ list_add(&page->lru, &zswap_tmppage_list);
+ spin_unlock(&zswap_tmppage_lock);
+}
+
+/*********************************
+* frontswap hooks
+**********************************/
+/* attempts to compress and store an single page */
+static int zswap_fs_store(unsigned type, pgoff_t offset, struct page *page)
+{
+ struct zswap_tree *tree = zswap_trees[type];
+ struct zswap_entry *entry, *dupentry;
+ int ret;
+ unsigned int dlen = PAGE_SIZE;
+ unsigned long handle;
+ char *buf;
+ u8 *src, *dst, *tmpdst;
+ struct page *tmppage;
+ bool flush_attempted = 0;
+
+ if (!tree) {
+ ret = -ENODEV;
+ goto reject;
+ }
+
+ /* compress */
+ dst = get_cpu_var(zswap_dstmem);
+ src = kmap_atomic(page);
+ ret = zswap_comp_op(ZSWAP_COMPOP_COMPRESS, src, PAGE_SIZE, dst, &dlen);
+ kunmap_atomic(src);
+ if (ret) {
+ ret = -EINVAL;
+ goto freepage;
+ }
+ if ((dlen * 100 / PAGE_SIZE) > zswap_max_compression_ratio) {
+ zswap_reject_compress_poor++;
+ ret = -E2BIG;
+ goto freepage;
+ }
+
+ /* store */
+ handle = zs_malloc(tree->pool, dlen,
+ __GFP_NORETRY | __GFP_HIGHMEM | __GFP_NOMEMALLOC |
+ __GFP_NOWARN);
+ if (!handle) {
+ zswap_flush_attempted++;
+ /*
+ * Copy compressed buffer out of per-cpu storage so
+ * we can re-enable preemption.
+ */
+ tmppage = zswap_tmppage_alloc();
+ if (!tmppage) {
+ zswap_reject_tmppage_fail++;
+ ret = -ENOMEM;
+ goto freepage;
+ }
+ flush_attempted = 1;
+ tmpdst = page_address(tmppage);
+ memcpy(tmpdst, dst, dlen);
+ dst = tmpdst;
+ put_cpu_var(zswap_dstmem);
+
+ /* try to free up some space */
+ /* TODO: replace with more targeted policy */
+ zswap_flush_entries(type, 16);
+ /* try again, allowing wait */
+ handle = zs_malloc(tree->pool, dlen,
+ __GFP_NORETRY | __GFP_HIGHMEM | __GFP_NOMEMALLOC |
+ __GFP_NOWARN);
+ if (!handle) {
+ /* still no space, fail */
+ zswap_reject_zsmalloc_fail++;
+ ret = -ENOMEM;
+ goto freepage;
+ }
+ zswap_saved_by_flush++;
+ }
+
+ buf = zs_map_object(tree->pool, handle, ZS_MM_WO);
+ memcpy(buf, dst, dlen);
+ zs_unmap_object(tree->pool, handle);
+ if (flush_attempted)
+ zswap_tmppage_free(tmppage);
+ else
+ put_cpu_var(zswap_dstmem);
+
+ /* allocate entry */
+ entry = zswap_entry_cache_alloc(GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!entry) {
+ zswap_reject_kmemcache_fail++;
+ ret = -ENOMEM;
+ goto reject;
+ }
+
+ /* populate entry */
+ entry->type = type;
+ entry->offset = offset;
+ entry->handle = handle;
+ entry->length = dlen;
+
+ /* map */
+ spin_lock(&tree->lock);
+ do {
+ ret = zswap_rb_insert(&tree->rbroot, entry, &dupentry);
+ if (ret == -EEXIST) {
+ zswap_duplicate_entry++;
+ /* remove from rbtree and lru */
+ rb_erase(&dupentry->rbnode, &tree->rbroot);
+ if (dupentry->lru.next != LIST_POISON1)
+ list_del(&dupentry->lru);
+ if (!zswap_entry_put(dupentry)) {
+ /* free */
+ zs_free(tree->pool, dupentry->handle);
+ zswap_entry_cache_free(dupentry);
+ atomic_dec(&zswap_stored_pages);
+ }
+ }
+ } while (ret == -EEXIST);
+ list_add_tail(&entry->lru, &tree->lru);
+ spin_unlock(&tree->lock);
+
+ /* update stats */
+ atomic_inc(&zswap_stored_pages);
+
+ return 0;
+
+freepage:
+ if (flush_attempted)
+ zswap_tmppage_free(tmppage);
+ else
+ put_cpu_var(zswap_dstmem);
+reject:
+ return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * returns 0 if the page was successfully decompressed
+ * return -1 on entry not found or error
+*/
+static int zswap_fs_load(unsigned type, pgoff_t offset, struct page *page)
+{
+ struct zswap_tree *tree = zswap_trees[type];
+ struct zswap_entry *entry;
+ u8 *src, *dst;
+ unsigned int dlen;
+ int refcount;
+
+ /* find */
+ spin_lock(&tree->lock);
+ entry = zswap_rb_search(&tree->rbroot, offset);
+ if (!entry) {
+ /* entry was flushed */
+ spin_unlock(&tree->lock);
+ return -1;
+ }
+ zswap_entry_get(entry);
+
+ /* remove from lru */
+ if (entry->lru.next != LIST_POISON1)
+ list_del(&entry->lru);
+ spin_unlock(&tree->lock);
+
+ /* decompress */
+ dlen = PAGE_SIZE;
+ src = zs_map_object(tree->pool, entry->handle, ZS_MM_RO);
+ dst = kmap_atomic(page);
+ zswap_comp_op(ZSWAP_COMPOP_DECOMPRESS, src, entry->length,
+ dst, &dlen);
+ kunmap_atomic(dst);
+ zs_unmap_object(tree->pool, entry->handle);
+
+ spin_lock(&tree->lock);
+ refcount = zswap_entry_put(entry);
+ if (likely(refcount)) {
+ list_add_tail(&entry->lru, &tree->lru);
+ spin_unlock(&tree->lock);
+ return 0;
+ }
+ spin_unlock(&tree->lock);
+
+ /*
+ * We don't have to unlink from the rbtree because zswap_flush_entry()
+ * or zswap_fs_invalidate page() has already done this for us if we
+ * are the last reference.
+ */
+ /* free */
+ zs_free(tree->pool, entry->handle);
+ zswap_entry_cache_free(entry);
+ atomic_dec(&zswap_stored_pages);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/* invalidates a single page */
+static void zswap_fs_invalidate_page(unsigned type, pgoff_t offset)
+{
+ struct zswap_tree *tree = zswap_trees[type];
+ struct zswap_entry *entry;
+ int refcount;
+
+ if (!tree)
+ return;
+
+ /* find */
+ spin_lock(&tree->lock);
+ entry = zswap_rb_search(&tree->rbroot, offset);
+ if (!entry) {
+ /* entry was flushed */
+ spin_unlock(&tree->lock);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /* remove from rbtree and lru */
+ rb_erase(&entry->rbnode, &tree->rbroot);
+ if (entry->lru.next != LIST_POISON1)
+ list_del(&entry->lru);
+ refcount = zswap_entry_put(entry);
+ spin_unlock(&tree->lock);
+ if (refcount) {
+ /* must be flushing */
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /* free */
+ zs_free(tree->pool, entry->handle);
+ zswap_entry_cache_free(entry);
+ atomic_dec(&zswap_stored_pages);
+}
+
+/* invalidates all pages for the given swap type */
+static void zswap_fs_invalidate_area(unsigned type)
+{
+ struct zswap_tree *tree = zswap_trees[type];
+ struct rb_node *node, *next;
+ struct zswap_entry *entry;
+
+ if (!tree)
+ return;
+
+ /* walk the tree and free everything */
+ spin_lock(&tree->lock);
+ node = rb_first(&tree->rbroot);
+ while (node) {
+ entry = rb_entry(node, struct zswap_entry, rbnode);
+ zs_free(tree->pool, entry->handle);
+ next = rb_next(node);
+ zswap_entry_cache_free(entry);
+ node = next;
+ }
+ tree->rbroot = RB_ROOT;
+ INIT_LIST_HEAD(&tree->lru);
+ spin_unlock(&tree->lock);
+}
+
+/* NOTE: this is called in atomic context from swapon and must not sleep */
+static void zswap_fs_init(unsigned type)
+{
+ struct zswap_tree *tree;
+
+ tree = kzalloc(sizeof(struct zswap_tree), GFP_NOWAIT);
+ if (!tree)
+ goto err;
+ tree->pool = zs_create_pool(GFP_NOWAIT, &zswap_zs_ops);
+ if (!tree->pool)
+ goto freetree;
+ tree->rbroot = RB_ROOT;
+ INIT_LIST_HEAD(&tree->lru);
+ spin_lock_init(&tree->lock);
+ zswap_trees[type] = tree;
+ return;
+
+freetree:
+ kfree(tree);
+err:
+ pr_err("zswap: alloc failed, zswap disabled for swap type %d\n", type);
+}
+
+static struct frontswap_ops zswap_fs_ops = {
+ .store = zswap_fs_store,
+ .load = zswap_fs_load,
+ .invalidate_page = zswap_fs_invalidate_page,
+ .invalidate_area = zswap_fs_invalidate_area,
+ .init = zswap_fs_init
+};
+
+/*********************************
+* debugfs functions
+**********************************/
+#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FS
+#include <linux/debugfs.h>
+
+static struct dentry *zswap_debugfs_root;
+
+static int __init zswap_debugfs_init(void)
+{
+ if (!debugfs_initialized())
+ return -ENODEV;
+
+ zswap_debugfs_root = debugfs_create_dir("zswap", NULL);
+ if (!zswap_debugfs_root)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ debugfs_create_u64("saved_by_flush", S_IRUGO,
+ zswap_debugfs_root, &zswap_saved_by_flush);
+ debugfs_create_u64("pool_limit_hit", S_IRUGO,
+ zswap_debugfs_root, &zswap_pool_limit_hit);
+ debugfs_create_u64("reject_flush_attempted", S_IRUGO,
+ zswap_debugfs_root, &zswap_flush_attempted);
+ debugfs_create_u64("reject_tmppage_fail", S_IRUGO,
+ zswap_debugfs_root, &zswap_reject_tmppage_fail);
+ debugfs_create_u64("reject_flush_fail", S_IRUGO,
+ zswap_debugfs_root, &zswap_reject_flush_fail);
+ debugfs_create_u64("reject_zsmalloc_fail", S_IRUGO,
+ zswap_debugfs_root, &zswap_reject_zsmalloc_fail);
+ debugfs_create_u64("reject_kmemcache_fail", S_IRUGO,
+ zswap_debugfs_root, &zswap_reject_kmemcache_fail);
+ debugfs_create_u64("reject_compress_poor", S_IRUGO,
+ zswap_debugfs_root, &zswap_reject_compress_poor);
+ debugfs_create_u64("flushed_pages", S_IRUGO,
+ zswap_debugfs_root, &zswap_flushed_pages);
+ debugfs_create_u64("duplicate_entry", S_IRUGO,
+ zswap_debugfs_root, &zswap_duplicate_entry);
+ debugfs_create_atomic_t("pool_pages", S_IRUGO,
+ zswap_debugfs_root, &zswap_pool_pages);
+ debugfs_create_atomic_t("stored_pages", S_IRUGO,
+ zswap_debugfs_root, &zswap_stored_pages);
+ debugfs_create_atomic_t("outstanding_flushes", S_IRUGO,
+ zswap_debugfs_root, &zswap_outstanding_flushes);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static void __exit zswap_debugfs_exit(void)
+{
+ if (zswap_debugfs_root)
+ debugfs_remove_recursive(zswap_debugfs_root);
+}
+#else
+static inline int __init zswap_debugfs_init(void)
+{
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static inline void __exit zswap_debugfs_exit(void) { }
+#endif
+
+/*********************************
+* module init and exit
+**********************************/
+static int __init init_zswap(void)
+{
+ if (!zswap_enabled)
+ return 0;
+
+ pr_info("loading zswap\n");
+ if (zswap_entry_cache_create()) {
+ pr_err("zswap: entry cache creation failed\n");
+ goto error;
+ }
+ if (zswap_page_pool_create()) {
+ pr_err("zswap: page pool initialization failed\n");
+ goto pagepoolfail;
+ }
+ if (zswap_tmppage_pool_create()) {
+ pr_err("zswap: workmem pool initialization failed\n");
+ goto tmppoolfail;
+ }
+ if (zswap_comp_init()) {
+ pr_err("zswap: compressor initialization failed\n");
+ goto compfail;
+ }
+ if (zswap_cpu_init()) {
+ pr_err("zswap: per-cpu initialization failed\n");
+ goto pcpufail;
+ }
+ frontswap_register_ops(&zswap_fs_ops);
+ if (zswap_debugfs_init())
+ pr_warn("zswap: debugfs initialization failed\n");
+ return 0;
+pcpufail:
+ zswap_comp_exit();
+compfail:
+ zswap_tmppage_pool_destroy();
+tmppoolfail:
+ zswap_page_pool_destroy();
+pagepoolfail:
+ zswap_entry_cache_destory();
+error:
+ return -ENOMEM;
+}
+/* must be late so crypto has time to come up */
+late_initcall(init_zswap);
+
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>");
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Compression backend for frontswap pages");
--
1.7.9.5
--
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^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread* Re: [PATCH 7/8] zswap: add to mm/
2012-12-11 21:56 ` [PATCH 7/8] zswap: add to mm/ Seth Jennings
@ 2013-01-03 16:07 ` Seth Jennings
0 siblings, 0 replies; 38+ messages in thread
From: Seth Jennings @ 2013-01-03 16:07 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Seth Jennings
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, Andrew Morton, Nitin Gupta, Minchan Kim,
Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk, Dan Magenheimer, Robert Jennings,
Jenifer Hopper, Mel Gorman, Johannes Weiner, Rik van Riel,
Larry Woodman, linux-mm, linux-kernel, devel
On 12/11/2012 03:56 PM, Seth Jennings wrote:
> zswap is a thin compression backend for frontswap. It receives
> pages from frontswap and attempts to store them in a compressed
> memory pool, resulting in an effective partial memory reclaim and
> dramatically reduced swap device I/O.
>
> Additional, in most cases, pages can be retrieved from this
> compressed store much more quickly than reading from tradition
> swap devices resulting in faster performance for many workloads.
>
> This patch adds the zswap driver to mm/
>
> Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
> ---
> include/linux/swap.h | 4 +
> mm/Kconfig | 15 +
> mm/Makefile | 1 +
> mm/page_io.c | 22 +-
> mm/swap_state.c | 2 +-
> mm/zswap.c | 1077 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> 6 files changed, 1115 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
> create mode 100644 mm/zswap.c
>
> diff --git a/include/linux/swap.h b/include/linux/swap.h
> index 68df9c1..98981f0 100644
> --- a/include/linux/swap.h
> +++ b/include/linux/swap.h
> @@ -321,6 +321,9 @@ static inline void mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(swp_entry_t ent)
> /* linux/mm/page_io.c */
> extern int swap_readpage(struct page *);
> extern int swap_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc);
> +extern void end_swap_bio_write(struct bio *bio, int err);
> +extern int __swap_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc,
> + void (*end_write_func)(struct bio *, int));
> extern int swap_set_page_dirty(struct page *page);
> extern void end_swap_bio_read(struct bio *bio, int err);
>
> @@ -335,6 +338,7 @@ extern struct address_space swapper_space;
> extern void show_swap_cache_info(void);
> extern int add_to_swap(struct page *);
> extern int add_to_swap_cache(struct page *, swp_entry_t, gfp_t);
> +extern int __add_to_swap_cache(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry);
> extern void __delete_from_swap_cache(struct page *);
> extern void delete_from_swap_cache(struct page *);
> extern void free_page_and_swap_cache(struct page *);
> diff --git a/mm/Kconfig b/mm/Kconfig
> index 1680a012..68cd1b6 100644
> --- a/mm/Kconfig
> +++ b/mm/Kconfig
> @@ -435,3 +435,18 @@ config FRONTSWAP
> and swap data is stored as normal on the matching swap device.
>
> If unsure, say Y to enable frontswap.
> +
> +config ZSWAP
> + bool "In-kernel swap page compression"
> + depends on FRONTSWAP && CRYPTO
> + select CRYPTO_LZO
> + select ZSMALLOC
> + default n
> + help
> + Zswap is a backend for the frontswap mechanism in the VMM.
> + It receives pages from frontswap and attempts to store them
> + in a compressed memory pool, resulting in an effective
> + partial memory reclaim. In addition, pages and be retrieved
> + from this compressed store much faster than most tradition
> + swap devices resulting in reduced I/O and faster performance
> + for many workloads.
> diff --git a/mm/Makefile b/mm/Makefile
> index 3a46287..1b1ed5c 100644
> --- a/mm/Makefile
> +++ b/mm/Makefile
> @@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK) += memblock.o
> obj-$(CONFIG_BOUNCE) += bounce.o
> obj-$(CONFIG_SWAP) += page_io.o swap_state.o swapfile.o
> obj-$(CONFIG_FRONTSWAP) += frontswap.o
> +obj-$(CONFIG_ZSWAP) += zswap.o
> obj-$(CONFIG_HAS_DMA) += dmapool.o
> obj-$(CONFIG_HUGETLBFS) += hugetlb.o
> obj-$(CONFIG_NUMA) += mempolicy.o
> diff --git a/mm/page_io.c b/mm/page_io.c
> index 78eee32..56276fe 100644
> --- a/mm/page_io.c
> +++ b/mm/page_io.c
> @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ static struct bio *get_swap_bio(gfp_t gfp_flags,
> return bio;
> }
>
> -static void end_swap_bio_write(struct bio *bio, int err)
> +void end_swap_bio_write(struct bio *bio, int err)
> {
> const int uptodate = test_bit(BIO_UPTODATE, &bio->bi_flags);
> struct page *page = bio->bi_io_vec[0].bv_page;
> @@ -179,15 +179,16 @@ bad_bmap:
> goto out;
> }
>
> +int __swap_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc,
> + void (*end_write_func)(struct bio *, int));
> +
> /*
> * We may have stale swap cache pages in memory: notice
> * them here and get rid of the unnecessary final write.
> */
> int swap_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc)
> {
> - struct bio *bio;
> - int ret = 0, rw = WRITE;
> - struct swap_info_struct *sis = page_swap_info(page);
> + int ret = 0;
>
> if (try_to_free_swap(page)) {
> unlock_page(page);
> @@ -199,6 +200,17 @@ int swap_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc)
> end_page_writeback(page);
> goto out;
> }
> + ret = __swap_writepage(page, wbc, end_swap_bio_write);
> +out:
> + return ret;
> +}
> +
> +int __swap_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc,
> + void (*end_write_func)(struct bio *, int))
> +{
> + struct bio *bio;
> + int ret = 0, rw = WRITE;
> + struct swap_info_struct *sis = page_swap_info(page);
>
> if (sis->flags & SWP_FILE) {
> struct kiocb kiocb;
> @@ -226,7 +238,7 @@ int swap_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc)
> return ret;
> }
>
> - bio = get_swap_bio(GFP_NOIO, page, end_swap_bio_write);
> + bio = get_swap_bio(GFP_NOIO, page, end_write_func);
> if (bio == NULL) {
> set_page_dirty(page);
> unlock_page(page);
> diff --git a/mm/swap_state.c b/mm/swap_state.c
> index d1f6c2d..95a8597 100644
> --- a/mm/swap_state.c
> +++ b/mm/swap_state.c
> @@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ void show_swap_cache_info(void)
> * __add_to_swap_cache resembles add_to_page_cache_locked on swapper_space,
> * but sets SwapCache flag and private instead of mapping and index.
> */
> -static int __add_to_swap_cache(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry)
> +int __add_to_swap_cache(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry)
> {
> int error;
I'd like to draw attention to these changes made to mm/page_io.c,
mm/swap_state.c, and include/linux/swap.h. These changes were made to
accommodate zswap's ability to push pages out to the swap device. I'd
like to make sure that no one has issue with these changes.
Thanks,
Seth
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^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 8/8] zswap: add documentation
2012-12-11 21:55 [PATCH 0/8] zswap: compressed swap caching Seth Jennings
` (6 preceding siblings ...)
2012-12-11 21:56 ` [PATCH 7/8] zswap: add to mm/ Seth Jennings
@ 2012-12-11 21:56 ` Seth Jennings
2012-12-11 22:01 ` [PATCH 0/8] zswap: compressed swap caching Greg Kroah-Hartman
` (3 subsequent siblings)
11 siblings, 0 replies; 38+ messages in thread
From: Seth Jennings @ 2012-12-11 21:56 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Greg Kroah-Hartman, Andrew Morton
Cc: Seth Jennings, Nitin Gupta, Minchan Kim, Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk,
Dan Magenheimer, Robert Jennings, Jenifer Hopper, Mel Gorman,
Johannes Weiner, Rik van Riel, Larry Woodman, linux-mm,
linux-kernel, devel
This patch adds the documentation file for the zswap functionality
Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
---
Documentation/vm/zswap.txt | 74 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
1 file changed, 74 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 Documentation/vm/zswap.txt
diff --git a/Documentation/vm/zswap.txt b/Documentation/vm/zswap.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f12d690
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/vm/zswap.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+Overview:
+
+Zswap is a lightweight compressed cache for swap pages. It takes
+pages that are in the process of being swapped out and attempts to
+compress them into a dynamically allocated RAM-based memory pool.
+If this process is successful, the writeback to the swap device is
+deferred and, in many cases, avoided completely.A This results in
+a significant I/O reduction and performance gains for systems that
+are swapping.
+
+Zswap provides compressed swap caching that basically trades CPU cycles
+for reduced swap I/O.A This trade-off can result in a significant
+performance improvement as reads to/writes from to the compressed
+cache almost always faster that reading from a swap device
+which incurs the latency of an asynchronous block I/O read.
+
+Some potential benefits:
+* Desktop/laptop users with limited RAM capacities can mitigate the
+A A A performance impact of swapping.
+* Overcommitted guests that share a common I/O resource can
+A A A dramatically reduce their swap I/O pressure, avoiding heavy
+A A A handed I/O throttling by the hypervisor.A This allows more work
+A A A to get done with less impact to the guest workload and guests
+A A A sharing the I/O subsystem
+* Users with SSDs as swap devices can extend the life of the device by
+A A A drastically reducing life-shortening writes.
+
+Zswap evicts pages from compressed cache on an LRU basis to the backing
+swap device when the compress pool reaches it size limit or the pool is
+unable to obtain additional pages from the buddy allocator.A This
+requirement had been identified in prior community discussions.
+
+To enabled zswap, the "enabled" attribute must be set to 1 at boot time.
+e.g. zswap.enabled=1
+
+Design:
+
+Zswap receives pages for compression through the Frontswap API and
+is able to evict pages from its own compressed pool on an LRU basis
+and write them back to the backing swap device in the case that the
+compressed pool is full or unable to secure additional pages from
+the buddy allocator.
+
+Zswap makes use of zsmalloc for the managing the compressed memory
+pool. This is because zsmalloc is specifically designed to minimize
+fragmentation on large (> PAGE_SIZE/2) allocation sizes. Each
+allocation in zsmalloc is not directly accessible by address.
+Rather, a handle is return by the allocation routine and that handle
+must be mapped before being accessed. The compressed memory pool grows
+on demand and shrinks as compressed pages are freed. The pool is
+not preallocated.
+
+When a swap page is passed from frontswap to zswap, zswap maintains
+a mapping of the swap entry, a combination of the swap type and swap
+offset, to the zsmalloc handle that references that compressed swap
+page. This mapping is achieved with a red-black tree per swap type.
+The swap offset is the search key for the tree nodes.
+
+Zswap seeks to be simple in its policies. Sysfs attributes allow for
+two user controlled policies:
+* max_compression_ratio - Maximum compression ratio, as as percentage,
+ for an acceptable compressed page. Any page that does not compress
+ by at least this ratio will be rejected.
+* max_pool_percent - The maximum percentage of memory that the compressed
+ pool can occupy.
+
+Zswap allows the compressor to be selected at kernel boot time by
+setting the a??compressora?? attribute. The default compressor is lzo.
+e.g. zswap.compressor=deflate
+
+A debugfs interface is provided for various statistic about pool size,
+number of pages stored, and various counters for the reasons pages
+are rejected.
+
--
1.7.9.5
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^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread* Re: [PATCH 0/8] zswap: compressed swap caching
2012-12-11 21:55 [PATCH 0/8] zswap: compressed swap caching Seth Jennings
` (7 preceding siblings ...)
2012-12-11 21:56 ` [PATCH 8/8] zswap: add documentation Seth Jennings
@ 2012-12-11 22:01 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2012-12-12 16:29 ` Seth Jennings
2012-12-12 18:36 ` Seth Jennings
` (2 subsequent siblings)
11 siblings, 1 reply; 38+ messages in thread
From: Greg Kroah-Hartman @ 2012-12-11 22:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Seth Jennings
Cc: Andrew Morton, Nitin Gupta, Minchan Kim, Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk,
Dan Magenheimer, Robert Jennings, Jenifer Hopper, Mel Gorman,
Johannes Weiner, Rik van Riel, Larry Woodman, linux-mm,
linux-kernel, devel
On Tue, Dec 11, 2012 at 03:55:58PM -0600, Seth Jennings wrote:
> Zswap Overview:
<snip>
Why are you sending this right at the start of the merge window, when
all of the people who need to review it are swamped with other work?
{sigh}
greg k-h
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^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread* Re: [PATCH 0/8] zswap: compressed swap caching
2012-12-11 22:01 ` [PATCH 0/8] zswap: compressed swap caching Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2012-12-12 16:29 ` Seth Jennings
2012-12-12 17:27 ` Dan Magenheimer
0 siblings, 1 reply; 38+ messages in thread
From: Seth Jennings @ 2012-12-12 16:29 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Greg Kroah-Hartman
Cc: Andrew Morton, Nitin Gupta, Minchan Kim, Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk,
Dan Magenheimer, Robert Jennings, Jenifer Hopper, Mel Gorman,
Johannes Weiner, Rik van Riel, Larry Woodman, linux-mm,
linux-kernel, devel
On 12/11/2012 04:01 PM, Greg Kroah-Hartman wrote:
> On Tue, Dec 11, 2012 at 03:55:58PM -0600, Seth Jennings wrote:
>> Zswap Overview:
>
> <snip>
>
> Why are you sending this right at the start of the merge window, when
> all of the people who need to review it are swamped with other work?
Yes, sorry, poor timing :-/
I'm just looking for early feedback from those that are not swamped
doing merge window stuff.
Thanks,
Seth
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^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread
* RE: [PATCH 0/8] zswap: compressed swap caching
2012-12-12 16:29 ` Seth Jennings
@ 2012-12-12 17:27 ` Dan Magenheimer
2012-12-12 18:32 ` Seth Jennings
0 siblings, 1 reply; 38+ messages in thread
From: Dan Magenheimer @ 2012-12-12 17:27 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Seth Jennings, Greg Kroah-Hartman
Cc: Andrew Morton, Nitin Gupta, Minchan Kim, Konrad Wilk,
Robert Jennings, Jenifer Hopper, Mel Gorman, Johannes Weiner,
Rik van Riel, Larry Woodman, linux-mm, linux-kernel, devel
> From: Seth Jennings [mailto:sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com]
> Subject: Re: [PATCH 0/8] zswap: compressed swap caching
>
> On 12/11/2012 04:01 PM, Greg Kroah-Hartman wrote:
> > On Tue, Dec 11, 2012 at 03:55:58PM -0600, Seth Jennings wrote:
> >> Zswap Overview:
> >
> > <snip>
> >
> > Why are you sending this right at the start of the merge window, when
> > all of the people who need to review it are swamped with other work?
>
> Yes, sorry, poor timing :-/
>
> I'm just looking for early feedback from those that are not swamped
> doing merge window stuff.
Hi Seth --
Related, are you now comfortable with abandoning "zcache1" and
moving "zcache2" (now in drivers/staging/ramster in 3.7) to become
the one-and-only in-tree drivers/staging/zcache (with ramster
as a subdirectory and build option)? It would be nice to get
rid of that artificial and confusing distinction as soon as possible,
especially if, due to zswap, you have no plans to continue to
maintain/enhance/promote zcache1 anymore.
If so, I'll work with Konrad to generate a drivers/staging
patch for Greg (post-window :-).
Thanks,
Dan
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^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread
* Re: [PATCH 0/8] zswap: compressed swap caching
2012-12-12 17:27 ` Dan Magenheimer
@ 2012-12-12 18:32 ` Seth Jennings
0 siblings, 0 replies; 38+ messages in thread
From: Seth Jennings @ 2012-12-12 18:32 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Dan Magenheimer
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, Andrew Morton, Nitin Gupta, Minchan Kim,
Konrad Wilk, Robert Jennings, Jenifer Hopper, Mel Gorman,
Johannes Weiner, Rik van Riel, Larry Woodman, linux-mm,
linux-kernel, devel
On 12/12/2012 11:27 AM, Dan Magenheimer wrote:
> Related, are you now comfortable with abandoning "zcache1" and
> moving "zcache2" (now in drivers/staging/ramster in 3.7) to become
> the one-and-only in-tree drivers/staging/zcache (with ramster
> as a subdirectory and build option)? It would be nice to get
> rid of that artificial and confusing distinction as soon as possible,
> especially if, due to zswap, you have no plans to continue to
> maintain/enhance/promote zcache1 anymore.
Yes, that's fine by me. I guess that didn't get said explicitly in
the last discussion so sorry for any confusion.
Seth
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^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread
* Re: [PATCH 0/8] zswap: compressed swap caching
2012-12-11 21:55 [PATCH 0/8] zswap: compressed swap caching Seth Jennings
` (8 preceding siblings ...)
2012-12-11 22:01 ` [PATCH 0/8] zswap: compressed swap caching Greg Kroah-Hartman
@ 2012-12-12 18:36 ` Seth Jennings
2012-12-12 22:49 ` Luigi Semenzato
2013-01-03 16:01 ` Seth Jennings
11 siblings, 0 replies; 38+ messages in thread
From: Seth Jennings @ 2012-12-12 18:36 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Seth Jennings
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, Andrew Morton, Nitin Gupta, Minchan Kim,
Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk, Dan Magenheimer, Robert Jennings,
Jenifer Hopper, Mel Gorman, Johannes Weiner, Rik van Riel,
Larry Woodman, linux-mm, linux-kernel, devel
Here are some addition performance metrics regarding the performance
improvements and I/O reductions that can be achieved using zswap as
measured by SPECjbb.
http://ibm.co/VCgHvM
Seth
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread* Re: [PATCH 0/8] zswap: compressed swap caching
2012-12-11 21:55 [PATCH 0/8] zswap: compressed swap caching Seth Jennings
` (9 preceding siblings ...)
2012-12-12 18:36 ` Seth Jennings
@ 2012-12-12 22:49 ` Luigi Semenzato
2012-12-12 23:46 ` Dan Magenheimer
2012-12-14 15:59 ` Seth Jennings
2013-01-03 16:01 ` Seth Jennings
11 siblings, 2 replies; 38+ messages in thread
From: Luigi Semenzato @ 2012-12-12 22:49 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Seth Jennings
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, Andrew Morton, Nitin Gupta, Minchan Kim,
Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk, Dan Magenheimer, Robert Jennings,
Jenifer Hopper, Mel Gorman, Johannes Weiner, Rik van Riel,
Larry Woodman, linux-mm, linux-kernel, devel
Just a couple of questions and comments as a user. I apologize if
this is the wrong time to make them, feel free to ignore them.
1. It's becoming difficult to understand how zcache, zcache2, zram,
and now zswap, interact and/or overlap with each other. For instance,
I am examining the possibility of using zcache2 and zram in parallel.
Should I also/instead consider zswap, using a plain RAM disk as the
swap device?
2. Zswap looks like a two-stage swap device, with one stage being
compressed memory. I don't know if and where the abstraction breaks,
and what the implementation issues would be, but I would find it
easier to view and configure this as a two-stage swap, where one stage
is chosen as zcache (but could be something else).
3. As far as I can tell, none of these compressors has a good way of
balancing the amount of memory dedicated to compression against the
pressure on the rest of the memory. On both zram and zswap, we set a
max size for the compressed data. That size determines how much RAM
is left for the working set, which should remain uncompressed. But
the size of the working set can vary significantly with the load. If
we choose the size based on a worst-case working set, we'll be
underutilizing RAM on average. If we choose it smaller than that, the
worst-case working set will cause excessive CPU use and thrashing.
Thanks!
P.S. For us, the situation in case 3 is improved from having
centralized control over all (relevant) processes. If we can detect
thrashing, we can activate the tab discarder and decrease the load.
On Tue, Dec 11, 2012 at 1:55 PM, Seth Jennings
<sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com> wrote:
> Zswap Overview:
>
> Zswap is a lightweight compressed cache for swap pages. It takes
> pages that are in the process of being swapped out and attempts to
> compress them into a dynamically allocated RAM-based memory pool.
> If this process is successful, the writeback to the swap device is
> deferred and, in many cases, avoided completely. This results in
> a significant I/O reduction and performance gains for systems that
> are swapping. The results of a kernel building benchmark indicate a
> runtime reduction of 53% and an I/O reduction 76% with zswap vs normal
> swapping with a kernel build under heavy memory pressure (see
> Performance section for more).
>
> Patchset Structure:
> 1-4: improvements/changes to zsmalloc
> 5: add atomic_t get/set to debugfs
> 6: promote zsmalloc to /lib
> 7-8: add zswap and documentation
>
> Targeting this for linux-next.
>
> Rationale:
>
> Zswap provides compressed swap caching that basically trades CPU cycles
> for reduced swap I/O. This trade-off can result in a significant
> performance improvement as reads to/writes from to the compressed
> cache almost always faster that reading from a swap device
> which incurs the latency of an asynchronous block I/O read.
>
> Some potential benefits:
> * Desktop/laptop users with limited RAM capacities can mitigate the
> performance impact of swapping.
> * Overcommitted guests that share a common I/O resource can
> dramatically reduce their swap I/O pressure, avoiding heavy
> handed I/O throttling by the hypervisor. This allows more work
> to get done with less impact to the guest workload and guests
> sharing the I/O subsystem
> * Users with SSDs as swap devices can extend the life of the device by
> drastically reducing life-shortening writes.
>
> Zswap evicts pages from compressed cache on an LRU basis to the backing
> swap device when the compress pool reaches it size limit or the pool is
> unable to obtain additional pages from the buddy allocator. This
> requirement had been identified in prior community discussions.
>
> Compressed swap is also provided in zcache, along with page cache
> compression and RAM clustering through RAMSter. Zswap seeks to deliver
> the benefit of swap compression to users in a discrete function.
> This design decision is akin to Unix design philosophy of doing one
> thing well, it leaves file cache compression and other features
> for separate code.
>
> Design:
>
> Zswap receives pages for compression through the Frontswap API and
> is able to evict pages from its own compressed pool on an LRU basis
> and write them back to the backing swap device in the case that the
> compressed pool is full or unable to secure additional pages from
> the buddy allocator.
>
> Zswap makes use of zsmalloc for the managing the compressed memory
> pool. This is because zsmalloc is specifically designed to minimize
> fragmentation on large (> PAGE_SIZE/2) allocation sizes. Each
> allocation in zsmalloc is not directly accessible by address.
> Rather, a handle is return by the allocation routine and that handle
> must be mapped before being accessed. The compressed memory pool grows
> on demand and shrinks as compressed pages are freed. The pool is
> not preallocated.
>
> When a swap page is passed from frontswap to zswap, zswap maintains
> a mapping of the swap entry, a combination of the swap type and swap
> offset, to the zsmalloc handle that references that compressed swap
> page. This mapping is achieved with a red-black tree per swap type.
> The swap offset is the search key for the tree nodes.
>
> Zswap seeks to be simple in its policies. Sysfs attributes allow for
> two user controlled policies:
> * max_compression_ratio - Maximum compression ratio, as as percentage,
> for an acceptable compressed page. Any page that does not compress
> by at least this ratio will be rejected.
> * max_pool_percent - The maximum percentage of memory that the compressed
> pool can occupy.
>
> To enabled zswap, the "enabled" attribute must be set to 1 at boot time.
>
> Zswap allows the compressor to be selected at kernel boot time by
> setting the “compressor” attribute. The default compressor is lzo.
>
> A debugfs interface is provided for various statistic about pool size,
> number of pages stored, and various counters for the reasons pages
> are rejected.
>
> Performance, Kernel Building:
>
> Setup
> ========
> Gentoo w/ kernel v3.7-rc7
> Quad-core i5-2500 @ 3.3GHz
> 512MB DDR3 1600MHz (limited with mem=512m on boot)
> Filesystem and swap on 80GB HDD (about 58MB/s with hdparm -t)
> majflt are major page faults reported by the time command
> pswpin/out is the delta of pswpin/out from /proc/vmstat before and after
> the make -jN
>
> Summary
> ========
> * Zswap reduces I/O and improves performance at all swap pressure levels.
>
> * Under heavy swaping at 24 threads, zswap reduced I/O by 76%, saving
> over 1.5GB of I/O, and cut runtime in half.
>
> Details
> ========
> I/O (in pages)
> base zswap change change
> N pswpin pswpout majflt I/O sum pswpin pswpout majflt I/O sum %I/O MB
> 8 1 335 291 627 0 0 249 249 -60% 1
> 12 3688 14315 5290 23293 123 860 5954 6937 -70% 64
> 16 12711 46179 16803 75693 2936 7390 46092 56418 -25% 75
> 20 42178 133781 49898 225857 9460 28382 92951 130793 -42% 371
> 24 96079 357280 105242 558601 7719 18484 109309 135512 -76% 1653
>
> Runtime (in seconds)
> N base zswap %change
> 8 107 107 0%
> 12 128 110 -14%
> 16 191 179 -6%
> 20 371 240 -35%
> 24 570 267 -53%
>
> %CPU utilization (out of 400% on 4 cpus)
> N base zswap %change
> 8 317 319 1%
> 12 267 311 16%
> 16 179 191 7%
> 20 94 143 52%
> 24 60 128 113%
>
> Patchset is based on next-20121210
>
> Seth Jennings (8):
> staging: zsmalloc: add gfp flags to zs_create_pool
> staging: zsmalloc: remove unsed pool name
> staging: zsmalloc: add page alloc/free callbacks
> staging: zsmalloc: make CLASS_DELTA relative to PAGE_SIZE
> debugfs: add get/set for atomic types
> zsmalloc: promote to lib/
> zswap: add to mm/
> zswap: add documentation
>
> Documentation/vm/zswap.txt | 74 ++
> drivers/staging/Kconfig | 2 -
> drivers/staging/Makefile | 1 -
> drivers/staging/zcache/zcache-main.c | 7 +-
> drivers/staging/zram/zram_drv.c | 4 +-
> drivers/staging/zram/zram_drv.h | 3 +-
> drivers/staging/zsmalloc/Kconfig | 10 -
> drivers/staging/zsmalloc/Makefile | 3 -
> drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc-main.c | 1064 -----------------------------
> drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc.h | 43 --
> fs/debugfs/file.c | 42 ++
> include/linux/debugfs.h | 2 +
> include/linux/swap.h | 4 +
> include/linux/zsmalloc.h | 49 ++
> lib/Kconfig | 18 +
> lib/Makefile | 1 +
> lib/zsmalloc.c | 1076 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> mm/Kconfig | 15 +
> mm/Makefile | 1 +
> mm/page_io.c | 22 +-
> mm/swap_state.c | 2 +-
> mm/zswap.c | 1077 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> 22 files changed, 2383 insertions(+), 1137 deletions(-)
> create mode 100644 Documentation/vm/zswap.txt
> delete mode 100644 drivers/staging/zsmalloc/Kconfig
> delete mode 100644 drivers/staging/zsmalloc/Makefile
> delete mode 100644 drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc-main.c
> delete mode 100644 drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc.h
> create mode 100644 include/linux/zsmalloc.h
> create mode 100644 lib/zsmalloc.c
> create mode 100644 mm/zswap.c
>
> --
> 1.7.9.5
>
> --
> To unsubscribe, send a message with 'unsubscribe linux-mm' in
> the body to majordomo@kvack.org. For more info on Linux MM,
> see: http://www.linux-mm.org/ .
> Don't email: <a href=mailto:"dont@kvack.org"> email@kvack.org </a>
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^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread* RE: [PATCH 0/8] zswap: compressed swap caching
2012-12-12 22:49 ` Luigi Semenzato
@ 2012-12-12 23:46 ` Dan Magenheimer
2012-12-14 15:59 ` Seth Jennings
1 sibling, 0 replies; 38+ messages in thread
From: Dan Magenheimer @ 2012-12-12 23:46 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Luigi Semenzato, Seth Jennings
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, Andrew Morton, Nitin Gupta, Minchan Kim,
Konrad Wilk, Robert Jennings, Jenifer Hopper, Mel Gorman,
Johannes Weiner, Rik van Riel, Larry Woodman, linux-mm,
linux-kernel, devel
> From: Luigi Semenzato [mailto:semenzato@google.com]
> Subject: Re: [PATCH 0/8] zswap: compressed swap caching
Hi Luigi --
> Just a couple of questions and comments as a user. I apologize if
> this is the wrong time to make them, feel free to ignore them.
IMHO now is a great time to address this as IMHO it doesn't
make much sense for MM developers to do detailed code-review
on any of these until the broader objectives of in-kernel
compression and the advantages/disadvantages of each are
thoroughly understood. There may be room for more than one
solution, or may not be.
But... for me this is not so great a time... it's a rather
inconvenient time as some personal constraints over the
next few weeks will result in sporadic ability for me
to regularly participate in an email discussion.
Ultimately, this may be a great major topic for the next
MM Summit, though hopefully progress can be made before then.
And rather than hijack Seth's thread, it might be better
to start a new thread. :-)
> 1. It's becoming difficult to understand how zcache, zcache2, zram,
> and now zswap, interact and/or overlap with each other. For instance,
> I am examining the possibility of using zcache2 and zram in parallel.
> Should I also/instead consider zswap, using a plain RAM disk as the
> swap device?
Yes, it seems to be a thousand flowers blooming!
I know Minchan earlier this year had talked about working
on a good comparison of the in-kernel compression options.
It might be good for Minchan or you or some other neutral
party to attempt that, with input from the developers of
the various options.
> 2. Zswap looks like a two-stage swap device, with one stage being
> compressed memory. I don't know if and where the abstraction breaks,
> and what the implementation issues would be, but I would find it
> easier to view and configure this as a two-stage swap, where one stage
> is chosen as zcache (but could be something else).
Zcache does (attempts to do) this also. After very preliminary review,
zswap's two-stage solution may be one step further/better, though its
not clear to me if there are new races possible.
> 3. As far as I can tell, none of these compressors has a good way of
> balancing the amount of memory dedicated to compression against the
> pressure on the rest of the memory. On both zram and zswap, we set a
> max size for the compressed data. That size determines how much RAM
> is left for the working set, which should remain uncompressed. But
> the size of the working set can vary significantly with the load. If
> we choose the size based on a worst-case working set, we'll be
> underutilizing RAM on average. If we choose it smaller than that, the
> worst-case working set will cause excessive CPU use and thrashing.
Zcache attempts to take a bigger picture, dynamically balancing both
compressed pagecache pages and compressed swap pages against other
system memory pressure (and, with ramster, across multiple machines,
and with Xen tmem, across multiple Xen guests).
Zram (for swap) and zswap are much more focused on compressing swap
pages in isolation with only a fixed upper size bound. Thus they
have the advantage of simplicity.
But let's leave the gory detail for the new thread.
> Thanks!
>
> P.S. For us, the situation in case 3 is improved from having
> centralized control over all (relevant) processes. If we can detect
> thrashing, we can activate the tab discarder and decrease the load.
Yes, your use model is a bit different than most Linux systems...
because of your tab discarder, the equivalent of OOMs are OK as
long as you can predict them, whereas OOms are anathema on most systems.
It's not clear to me whether your use model and the more generic
Linux model will require different in-kernel compression
solutions or whether the same solutions will serve both use models.
> On Tue, Dec 11, 2012 at 1:55 PM, Seth Jennings
> <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com> wrote:
> > Zswap Overview:
> >
> > Zswap is a lightweight compressed cache for swap pages. It takes
> > pages that are in the process of being swapped out and attempts to
> > compress them into a dynamically allocated RAM-based memory pool.
> > If this process is successful, the writeback to the swap device is
> > deferred and, in many cases, avoided completely. This results in
> > a significant I/O reduction and performance gains for systems that
> > are swapping. The results of a kernel building benchmark indicate a
> > runtime reduction of 53% and an I/O reduction 76% with zswap vs normal
> > swapping with a kernel build under heavy memory pressure (see
> > Performance section for more).
> >
> > Patchset Structure:
> > 1-4: improvements/changes to zsmalloc
> > 5: add atomic_t get/set to debugfs
> > 6: promote zsmalloc to /lib
> > 7-8: add zswap and documentation
> >
> > Targeting this for linux-next.
> >
> > Rationale:
> >
> > Zswap provides compressed swap caching that basically trades CPU cycles
> > for reduced swap I/O. This trade-off can result in a significant
> > performance improvement as reads to/writes from to the compressed
> > cache almost always faster that reading from a swap device
> > which incurs the latency of an asynchronous block I/O read.
> >
> > Some potential benefits:
> > * Desktop/laptop users with limited RAM capacities can mitigate the
> > performance impact of swapping.
> > * Overcommitted guests that share a common I/O resource can
> > dramatically reduce their swap I/O pressure, avoiding heavy
> > handed I/O throttling by the hypervisor. This allows more work
> > to get done with less impact to the guest workload and guests
> > sharing the I/O subsystem
> > * Users with SSDs as swap devices can extend the life of the device by
> > drastically reducing life-shortening writes.
> >
> > Zswap evicts pages from compressed cache on an LRU basis to the backing
> > swap device when the compress pool reaches it size limit or the pool is
> > unable to obtain additional pages from the buddy allocator. This
> > requirement had been identified in prior community discussions.
> >
> > Compressed swap is also provided in zcache, along with page cache
> > compression and RAM clustering through RAMSter. Zswap seeks to deliver
> > the benefit of swap compression to users in a discrete function.
> > This design decision is akin to Unix design philosophy of doing one
> > thing well, it leaves file cache compression and other features
> > for separate code.
> >
> > Design:
> >
> > Zswap receives pages for compression through the Frontswap API and
> > is able to evict pages from its own compressed pool on an LRU basis
> > and write them back to the backing swap device in the case that the
> > compressed pool is full or unable to secure additional pages from
> > the buddy allocator.
> >
> > Zswap makes use of zsmalloc for the managing the compressed memory
> > pool. This is because zsmalloc is specifically designed to minimize
> > fragmentation on large (> PAGE_SIZE/2) allocation sizes. Each
> > allocation in zsmalloc is not directly accessible by address.
> > Rather, a handle is return by the allocation routine and that handle
> > must be mapped before being accessed. The compressed memory pool grows
> > on demand and shrinks as compressed pages are freed. The pool is
> > not preallocated.
> >
> > When a swap page is passed from frontswap to zswap, zswap maintains
> > a mapping of the swap entry, a combination of the swap type and swap
> > offset, to the zsmalloc handle that references that compressed swap
> > page. This mapping is achieved with a red-black tree per swap type.
> > The swap offset is the search key for the tree nodes.
> >
> > Zswap seeks to be simple in its policies. Sysfs attributes allow for
> > two user controlled policies:
> > * max_compression_ratio - Maximum compression ratio, as as percentage,
> > for an acceptable compressed page. Any page that does not compress
> > by at least this ratio will be rejected.
> > * max_pool_percent - The maximum percentage of memory that the compressed
> > pool can occupy.
> >
> > To enabled zswap, the "enabled" attribute must be set to 1 at boot time.
> >
> > Zswap allows the compressor to be selected at kernel boot time by
> > setting the "compressor" attribute. The default compressor is lzo.
> >
> > A debugfs interface is provided for various statistic about pool size,
> > number of pages stored, and various counters for the reasons pages
> > are rejected.
> >
> > Performance, Kernel Building:
> >
> > Setup
> > ========
> > Gentoo w/ kernel v3.7-rc7
> > Quad-core i5-2500 @ 3.3GHz
> > 512MB DDR3 1600MHz (limited with mem=512m on boot)
> > Filesystem and swap on 80GB HDD (about 58MB/s with hdparm -t)
> > majflt are major page faults reported by the time command
> > pswpin/out is the delta of pswpin/out from /proc/vmstat before and after
> > the make -jN
> >
> > Summary
> > ========
> > * Zswap reduces I/O and improves performance at all swap pressure levels.
> >
> > * Under heavy swaping at 24 threads, zswap reduced I/O by 76%, saving
> > over 1.5GB of I/O, and cut runtime in half.
> >
> > Details
> > ========
> > I/O (in pages)
> > base zswap change change
> > N pswpin pswpout majflt I/O sum pswpin pswpout majflt I/O sum %I/O MB
> > 8 1 335 291 627 0 0 249 249 -60% 1
> > 12 3688 14315 5290 23293 123 860 5954 6937 -70% 64
> > 16 12711 46179 16803 75693 2936 7390 46092 56418 -25% 75
> > 20 42178 133781 49898 225857 9460 28382 92951 130793 -42% 371
> > 24 96079 357280 105242 558601 7719 18484 109309 135512 -76% 1653
> >
> > Runtime (in seconds)
> > N base zswap %change
> > 8 107 107 0%
> > 12 128 110 -14%
> > 16 191 179 -6%
> > 20 371 240 -35%
> > 24 570 267 -53%
> >
> > %CPU utilization (out of 400% on 4 cpus)
> > N base zswap %change
> > 8 317 319 1%
> > 12 267 311 16%
> > 16 179 191 7%
> > 20 94 143 52%
> > 24 60 128 113%
> >
> > Patchset is based on next-20121210
> >
> > Seth Jennings (8):
> > staging: zsmalloc: add gfp flags to zs_create_pool
> > staging: zsmalloc: remove unsed pool name
> > staging: zsmalloc: add page alloc/free callbacks
> > staging: zsmalloc: make CLASS_DELTA relative to PAGE_SIZE
> > debugfs: add get/set for atomic types
> > zsmalloc: promote to lib/
> > zswap: add to mm/
> > zswap: add documentation
> >
> > Documentation/vm/zswap.txt | 74 ++
> > drivers/staging/Kconfig | 2 -
> > drivers/staging/Makefile | 1 -
> > drivers/staging/zcache/zcache-main.c | 7 +-
> > drivers/staging/zram/zram_drv.c | 4 +-
> > drivers/staging/zram/zram_drv.h | 3 +-
> > drivers/staging/zsmalloc/Kconfig | 10 -
> > drivers/staging/zsmalloc/Makefile | 3 -
> > drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc-main.c | 1064 -----------------------------
> > drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc.h | 43 --
> > fs/debugfs/file.c | 42 ++
> > include/linux/debugfs.h | 2 +
> > include/linux/swap.h | 4 +
> > include/linux/zsmalloc.h | 49 ++
> > lib/Kconfig | 18 +
> > lib/Makefile | 1 +
> > lib/zsmalloc.c | 1076 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> > mm/Kconfig | 15 +
> > mm/Makefile | 1 +
> > mm/page_io.c | 22 +-
> > mm/swap_state.c | 2 +-
> > mm/zswap.c | 1077 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> > 22 files changed, 2383 insertions(+), 1137 deletions(-)
> > create mode 100644 Documentation/vm/zswap.txt
> > delete mode 100644 drivers/staging/zsmalloc/Kconfig
> > delete mode 100644 drivers/staging/zsmalloc/Makefile
> > delete mode 100644 drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc-main.c
> > delete mode 100644 drivers/staging/zsmalloc/zsmalloc.h
> > create mode 100644 include/linux/zsmalloc.h
> > create mode 100644 lib/zsmalloc.c
> > create mode 100644 mm/zswap.c
> >
> > --
> > 1.7.9.5
> >
> > --
> > To unsubscribe, send a message with 'unsubscribe linux-mm' in
> > the body to majordomo@kvack.org. For more info on Linux MM,
> > see: http://www.linux-mm.org/ .
> > Don't email: <a href=mailto:"dont@kvack.org"> email@kvack.org </a>
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^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread
* Re: [PATCH 0/8] zswap: compressed swap caching
2012-12-12 22:49 ` Luigi Semenzato
2012-12-12 23:46 ` Dan Magenheimer
@ 2012-12-14 15:59 ` Seth Jennings
1 sibling, 0 replies; 38+ messages in thread
From: Seth Jennings @ 2012-12-14 15:59 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Luigi Semenzato
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, Andrew Morton, Nitin Gupta, Minchan Kim,
Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk, Dan Magenheimer, Robert Jennings,
Jenifer Hopper, Mel Gorman, Johannes Weiner, Rik van Riel,
Larry Woodman, linux-mm, linux-kernel, devel
Hey Luigi,
To echo Dan, it'd be great if we could move this discussion to a new
thread as to leaving this one for code review/comments. But I did
want to respond.
On 12/12/2012 04:49 PM, Luigi Semenzato wrote:
> Just a couple of questions and comments as a user. I apologize if
> this is the wrong time to make them, feel free to ignore them.
>
> 1. It's becoming difficult to understand how zcache, zcache2, zram,
> and now zswap, interact and/or overlap with each other. For instance,
> I am examining the possibility of using zcache2 and zram in parallel.
> Should I also/instead consider zswap, using a plain RAM disk as the
> swap device?
I guess the short answer is:
* Zcache is no more, replaced by zcache2 (so I stop making the
distinction)
* You wouldn't use zcache and zswap together unless you first disabled
the frontswap part of zcache, however this configuration isn't
recommended since there would be no cooperation between the compressed
page cache and compressed swap cache.
* Zram could work with either zswap or zcache although the
interactions would be interesting; namely, I think zram stores would
likely fail with high frequency since the primary reason the page
would not be captured by either zswap or zcache before it reaches zram
is that zswap/zcache was unable to allocate space. So zram would
likely fail for the same reason, causing swap slots to be marked as
bad and rapidly shrink the effective size of the zram device.
> 2. Zswap looks like a two-stage swap device, with one stage being
> compressed memory. I don't know if and where the abstraction breaks,
> and what the implementation issues would be, but I would find it
> easier to view and configure this as a two-stage swap, where one stage
> is chosen as zcache (but could be something else).
I didn't follow this.
> 3. As far as I can tell, none of these compressors has a good way of
> balancing the amount of memory dedicated to compression against the
> pressure on the rest of the memory. On both zram and zswap, we set a
> max size for the compressed data. That size determines how much RAM
> is left for the working set, which should remain uncompressed. But
> the size of the working set can vary significantly with the load. If
> we choose the size based on a worst-case working set, we'll be
> underutilizing RAM on average. If we choose it smaller than that, the
> worst-case working set will cause excessive CPU use and thrashing.
This kind of adaptive tuning would be hard to implement and even
harder to get right for everyone, if it could be done at all.
However, one way to achieve this would be to have something in
userspace periodically change the sysfs attribute that controls
maximum compressed pool size based on your own policy. Both zswap and
zcache have this tunable.
Seth
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^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread
* Re: [PATCH 0/8] zswap: compressed swap caching
2012-12-11 21:55 [PATCH 0/8] zswap: compressed swap caching Seth Jennings
` (10 preceding siblings ...)
2012-12-12 22:49 ` Luigi Semenzato
@ 2013-01-03 16:01 ` Seth Jennings
11 siblings, 0 replies; 38+ messages in thread
From: Seth Jennings @ 2013-01-03 16:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Seth Jennings
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman, Andrew Morton, Nitin Gupta, Minchan Kim,
Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk, Dan Magenheimer, Robert Jennings,
Jenifer Hopper, Mel Gorman, Johannes Weiner, Rik van Riel,
Larry Woodman, linux-mm, linux-kernel, devel
Now that we are clear of the merge window, I was hoping others could
take a look at this patchset. If you have a chance, I'd greatly
appreciate the feedback!
Thanks,
Seth
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^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread