Re: [PATCH 1/2] mm,migration: Prevent rmap_walk_[anon|ksm] seeing the wrong VMA information

[Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>]

On Thu, May 06, 2010 at 04:38:37PM +0900, KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki wrote:
> On Wed,  5 May 2010 14:14:40 +0100
> Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> wrote:
> 
> > vma_adjust() is updating anon VMA information without locks being taken.
> > In contrast, file-backed mappings use the i_mmap_lock and this lack of
> > locking can result in races with users of rmap_walk such as page migration.
> > vma_address() can return -EFAULT for an address that will soon be valid.
> > For migration, this potentially leaves a dangling migration PTE behind
> > which can later cause a BUG_ON to trigger when the page is faulted in.
> > 
> > With the recent anon_vma changes, there can be more than one anon_vma->lock
> > to take in a anon_vma_chain but a second lock cannot be spinned upon in case
> > of deadlock. The rmap walker tries to take locks of different anon_vma's
> > but if the attempt fails, locks are released and the operation is restarted.
> > 
> > For vma_adjust(), the locking behaviour prior to the anon_vma is restored
> > so that rmap_walk() can be sure of the integrity of the VMA information and
> > lists when the anon_vma lock is held. With this patch, the vma->anon_vma->lock
> > is taken if
> > 
> > 	a) If there is any overlap with the next VMA due to the adjustment
> > 	b) If there is a new VMA is being inserted into the address space
> > 	c) If the start of the VMA is being changed so that the
> > 	   relationship between vm_start and vm_pgoff is preserved
> > 	   for vma_address()
> > 
> > Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
> 
> I'm sorry I couldn't catch all details but can I make a question ?

Of course.

> Why seq_counter is bad finally ? I can't understand why we have
> to lock anon_vma with risks of costs, which is mysterious struct now.
> 
> Adding a new to mm_struct is too bad ?
> 

It's not the biggest problem. I'm not totally against this approach but
some of the problems I had were;

1. It introduced new locking. anon_vmas would be covered by RCU,
   spinlocks and seqlock - each of which is used in different
   circumstances. The last patch I posted doesn't drastically
   alter the locking. It just says that if you are taking multiple
   locks, you must start from the "root" anon_vma.

2. I wasn't sure if it was usable by transparent hugepage support.
   Andrea?

3. I had similar concerns about it livelocking like the
   trylock-and-retry although it's not terrible.

4. I couldn't convince myself at the time that it wasn't possible for
   someone to manipulate the list while it was being walked and a VMA would be
   missed. For example, if fork() was called while rmap_walk was happening,
   were we guaranteed to find the VMAs added to the list?  I admit I didn't
   fully investigate this question at the time as I was still getting to
   grips with anon_vma. I can reinvestigate if you think the "lock the root
   anon_vma first when taking multiple locks" has a bad cost that is
   potentially resolved with seqcounter

5. It added a field to mm_struct. It's the smallest of concerns though.

Do you think it's a better approach and should be revisited?


> From: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
> 
> At treating rmap, there is no guarantee that "rmap is always correct"
> because vma->vm_start, vma->vm_pgoff are modified without any lock.
> 
> In usual, it's not a problem that we see incosistent rmap at 
> try_to_unmap() etc...But, at migration, this temporal inconsistency
> makes rmap_walk() to do wrong decision and leaks migration_pte.
> This causes BUG later.
> 
> This patch adds seq_counter to mm-struct(not vma because inconsistency
> information should cover multiple vmas.). By this, rmap_walk()
> can always see consistent [start, end. pgoff] information at checking
> page's pte in a vma.
> 
> In exec()'s failure case, rmap is left as broken but we don't have to
> take care of it.
> 
> Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
> ---
>  fs/exec.c                |   20 +++++++++++++++-----
>  include/linux/mm_types.h |    2 ++
>  mm/mmap.c                |    3 +++
>  mm/rmap.c                |   13 ++++++++++++-
>  4 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
> 
> Index: linux-2.6.34-rc5-mm1/include/linux/mm_types.h
> ===================================================================
> --- linux-2.6.34-rc5-mm1.orig/include/linux/mm_types.h
> +++ linux-2.6.34-rc5-mm1/include/linux/mm_types.h
> @@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
>  #include <linux/page-debug-flags.h>
>  #include <asm/page.h>
>  #include <asm/mmu.h>
> +#include <linux/seqlock.h>
>  
>  #ifndef AT_VECTOR_SIZE_ARCH
>  #define AT_VECTOR_SIZE_ARCH 0
> @@ -310,6 +311,7 @@ struct mm_struct {
>  #ifdef CONFIG_MMU_NOTIFIER
>  	struct mmu_notifier_mm *mmu_notifier_mm;
>  #endif
> +	seqcount_t	rmap_consistent;
>  };
>  
>  /* Future-safe accessor for struct mm_struct's cpu_vm_mask. */
> Index: linux-2.6.34-rc5-mm1/mm/rmap.c
> ===================================================================
> --- linux-2.6.34-rc5-mm1.orig/mm/rmap.c
> +++ linux-2.6.34-rc5-mm1/mm/rmap.c
> @@ -332,8 +332,19 @@ vma_address(struct page *page, struct vm
>  {
>  	pgoff_t pgoff = page->index << (PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT);
>  	unsigned long address;
> +	unsigned int seq;
> +
> +	/*
> + 	 * Because we don't take mm->mmap_sem, we have race with
> + 	 * vma adjusting....we'll be able to see broken rmap. To avoid
> + 	 * that, check consistency of rmap by seqcounter.
> + 	 */
> +	do {
> +		seq = read_seqcount_begin(&vma->vm_mm->rmap_consistent);
> +		address = vma->vm_start
> +			+ ((pgoff - vma->vm_pgoff) << PAGE_SHIFT);
> +	} while (read_seqcount_retry(&vma->vm_mm->rmap_consistent, seq));
>  
> -	address = vma->vm_start + ((pgoff - vma->vm_pgoff) << PAGE_SHIFT);
>  	if (unlikely(address < vma->vm_start || address >= vma->vm_end)) {
>  		/* page should be within @vma mapping range */
>  		return -EFAULT;
> Index: linux-2.6.34-rc5-mm1/fs/exec.c
> ===================================================================
> --- linux-2.6.34-rc5-mm1.orig/fs/exec.c
> +++ linux-2.6.34-rc5-mm1/fs/exec.c
> @@ -517,16 +517,25 @@ static int shift_arg_pages(struct vm_are
>  	/*
>  	 * cover the whole range: [new_start, old_end)
>  	 */
> -	if (vma_adjust(vma, new_start, old_end, vma->vm_pgoff, NULL))
> -		return -ENOMEM;
> -
> +	write_seqcount_begin(&mm->rmap_consistent);
>  	/*
>  	 * move the page tables downwards, on failure we rely on
>  	 * process cleanup to remove whatever mess we made.
>  	 */
> +	/*
> +	 * vma->vm_start should be updated always for freeing pgds.
> +	 * after failure.
> + 	 */
> +	vma->vm_start = new_start;
>  	if (length != move_page_tables(vma, old_start,
> -				       vma, new_start, length))
> +				       vma, new_start, length)) {
> +		/*
> +		 * We have broken rmap here. But we can unlock this becauase
> + 		 * no one will do page-fault to ptes in this range more.
> + 		 */
> +		write_seqcount_end(&mm->rmap_consistent);
>  		return -ENOMEM;
> +	}
>  
>  	lru_add_drain();
>  	tlb = tlb_gather_mmu(mm, 0);
> @@ -551,7 +560,8 @@ static int shift_arg_pages(struct vm_are
>  	/*
>  	 * Shrink the vma to just the new range.  Always succeeds.
>  	 */
> -	vma_adjust(vma, new_start, new_end, vma->vm_pgoff, NULL);
> +	vma->vm_end = new_end;
> +	write_seqcount_end(&mm->rmap_consistent);
>  
>  	return 0;
>  }
> Index: linux-2.6.34-rc5-mm1/mm/mmap.c
> ===================================================================
> --- linux-2.6.34-rc5-mm1.orig/mm/mmap.c
> +++ linux-2.6.34-rc5-mm1/mm/mmap.c
> @@ -585,6 +585,7 @@ again:			remove_next = 1 + (end > next->
>  			vma_prio_tree_remove(next, root);
>  	}
>  
> +	write_seqcount_begin(&mm->rmap_consistent);
>  	vma->vm_start = start;
>  	vma->vm_end = end;
>  	vma->vm_pgoff = pgoff;
> @@ -620,6 +621,8 @@ again:			remove_next = 1 + (end > next->
>  	if (mapping)
>  		spin_unlock(&mapping->i_mmap_lock);
>  
> +	write_seqcount_end(&mm->rmap_consistent);
> +
>  	if (remove_next) {
>  		if (file) {
>  			fput(file);
> 

-- 
Mel Gorman
Part-time Phd Student                          Linux Technology Center
University of Limerick                         IBM Dublin Software Lab

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