* Re: dirty throttling v5 for 2.6.37-rc7+
2011-01-19 4:38 ` Norbert Preining
@ 2011-01-20 13:39 ` Wu Fengguang
0 siblings, 0 replies; 5+ messages in thread
From: Wu Fengguang @ 2011-01-20 13:39 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Norbert Preining
Cc: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org, Linux Memory Management List
[-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 996 bytes --]
Hi Norbert,
On Wed, Jan 19, 2011 at 12:38:47PM +0800, Norbert Preining wrote:
> Hi Fengguang,
>
> On Sa, 25 Dez 2010, Wu Fengguang wrote:
> > > > I just created branch "dirty-throttling-v5" based on today's linux-2.6 head.
>
> One request, please update for 38-rc1, thanks.
Sure, attached is the combined patch for 2.6.38-rc1. It's a simple
rebase from 2.6.37 and contains no functionality changes. (There are
some more changes actually, but unfortunately they are not in a clean
state.)
> > It's already a test to simply run it in your environment, thanks!
> > Whether it runs fine or not, they will make valuable feedbacks :)
>
> It runs fine, and feels a bit better when I trash my hard disk with
> subversion. Still some times the whole computer is unresponsive,
> the mouse pointer when entering the terminal of the subversion process
> disappearing, but without it it is a bit worse.
>
> Thanks and all the best
Glad to hear about that. Thanks for trying it out!
Thanks,
Fengguang
[-- Attachment #2: dirty-throttling-v5-2.6.38-rc1.patch --]
[-- Type: text/x-diff, Size: 72455 bytes --]
--- linux-writeback.orig/fs/fs-writeback.c 2011-01-20 21:21:33.000000000 +0800
+++ linux-writeback/fs/fs-writeback.c 2011-01-20 21:33:25.000000000 +0800
@@ -330,6 +330,8 @@ static int
writeback_single_inode(struct inode *inode, struct writeback_control *wbc)
{
struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
+ long per_file_limit = wbc->per_file_limit;
+ long nr_to_write = wbc->nr_to_write;
unsigned dirty;
int ret;
@@ -349,7 +351,8 @@ writeback_single_inode(struct inode *ino
*/
if (wbc->sync_mode != WB_SYNC_ALL) {
requeue_io(inode);
- return 0;
+ ret = 0;
+ goto out;
}
/*
@@ -365,8 +368,14 @@ writeback_single_inode(struct inode *ino
inode->i_state &= ~I_DIRTY_PAGES;
spin_unlock(&inode_lock);
+ if (per_file_limit)
+ wbc->nr_to_write = per_file_limit;
+
ret = do_writepages(mapping, wbc);
+ if (per_file_limit)
+ wbc->nr_to_write += nr_to_write - per_file_limit;
+
/*
* Make sure to wait on the data before writing out the metadata.
* This is important for filesystems that modify metadata on data
@@ -436,6 +445,9 @@ writeback_single_inode(struct inode *ino
}
}
inode_sync_complete(inode);
+out:
+ trace_writeback_single_inode(inode, wbc,
+ nr_to_write - wbc->nr_to_write);
return ret;
}
@@ -527,6 +539,12 @@ static int writeback_sb_inodes(struct su
* buffers. Skip this inode for now.
*/
redirty_tail(inode);
+ /*
+ * There's no logic to retry skipped pages for sync(),
+ * filesystems are assumed not to skip dirty pages on
+ * temporal lock contentions or non fatal errors.
+ */
+ WARN_ON_ONCE(wbc->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_ALL);
}
spin_unlock(&inode_lock);
iput(inode);
@@ -584,23 +602,53 @@ static void __writeback_inodes_sb(struct
spin_unlock(&inode_lock);
}
+static bool over_bground_thresh(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
+{
+ unsigned long background_thresh;
+ unsigned long dirty_thresh;
+ unsigned long bdi_thresh;
+
+ global_dirty_limits(&background_thresh, &dirty_thresh);
+
+ if (global_page_state(NR_FILE_DIRTY) +
+ global_page_state(NR_UNSTABLE_NFS) > background_thresh)
+ return true;
+
+ bdi_thresh = bdi_dirty_limit(bdi, dirty_thresh, dirty_thresh);
+
+ return bdi_stat(bdi, BDI_RECLAIMABLE) > bdi_thresh / 2;
+}
+
/*
- * The maximum number of pages to writeout in a single bdi flush/kupdate
- * operation. We do this so we don't hold I_SYNC against an inode for
- * enormous amounts of time, which would block a userspace task which has
- * been forced to throttle against that inode. Also, the code reevaluates
- * the dirty each time it has written this many pages.
+ * Give each inode a nr_to_write that can complete within 1 second.
*/
-#define MAX_WRITEBACK_PAGES 1024
-
-static inline bool over_bground_thresh(void)
+static unsigned long writeback_chunk_size(struct backing_dev_info *bdi,
+ int sync_mode)
{
- unsigned long background_thresh, dirty_thresh;
+ unsigned long pages;
- global_dirty_limits(&background_thresh, &dirty_thresh);
+ /*
+ * WB_SYNC_ALL mode does livelock avoidance by syncing dirty
+ * inodes/pages in one big loop. Setting wbc.nr_to_write=LONG_MAX
+ * here avoids calling into writeback_inodes_wb() more than once.
+ *
+ * The intended call sequence for WB_SYNC_ALL writeback is:
+ *
+ * wb_writeback()
+ * __writeback_inodes_sb() <== called only once
+ * write_cache_pages() <== called once for each inode
+ * (quickly) tag currently dirty pages
+ * (maybe slowly) sync all tagged pages
+ */
+ if (sync_mode == WB_SYNC_ALL)
+ return LONG_MAX;
+
+ pages = bdi->write_bandwidth;
+
+ if (pages < MIN_WRITEBACK_PAGES)
+ return MIN_WRITEBACK_PAGES;
- return (global_page_state(NR_FILE_DIRTY) +
- global_page_state(NR_UNSTABLE_NFS) > background_thresh);
+ return rounddown_pow_of_two(pages);
}
/*
@@ -643,25 +691,9 @@ static long wb_writeback(struct bdi_writ
wbc.range_end = LLONG_MAX;
}
- /*
- * WB_SYNC_ALL mode does livelock avoidance by syncing dirty
- * inodes/pages in one big loop. Setting wbc.nr_to_write=LONG_MAX
- * here avoids calling into writeback_inodes_wb() more than once.
- *
- * The intended call sequence for WB_SYNC_ALL writeback is:
- *
- * wb_writeback()
- * __writeback_inodes_sb() <== called only once
- * write_cache_pages() <== called once for each inode
- * (quickly) tag currently dirty pages
- * (maybe slowly) sync all tagged pages
- */
- if (wbc.sync_mode == WB_SYNC_NONE)
- write_chunk = MAX_WRITEBACK_PAGES;
- else
- write_chunk = LONG_MAX;
-
wbc.wb_start = jiffies; /* livelock avoidance */
+ bdi_update_write_bandwidth(wb->bdi, wbc.wb_start);
+
for (;;) {
/*
* Stop writeback when nr_pages has been consumed
@@ -683,11 +715,13 @@ static long wb_writeback(struct bdi_writ
* For background writeout, stop when we are below the
* background dirty threshold
*/
- if (work->for_background && !over_bground_thresh())
+ if (work->for_background && !over_bground_thresh(wb->bdi))
break;
wbc.more_io = 0;
+ write_chunk = writeback_chunk_size(wb->bdi, wbc.sync_mode);
wbc.nr_to_write = write_chunk;
+ wbc.per_file_limit = write_chunk;
wbc.pages_skipped = 0;
trace_wbc_writeback_start(&wbc, wb->bdi);
@@ -697,6 +731,8 @@ static long wb_writeback(struct bdi_writ
writeback_inodes_wb(wb, &wbc);
trace_wbc_writeback_written(&wbc, wb->bdi);
+ bdi_update_write_bandwidth(wb->bdi, wbc.wb_start);
+
work->nr_pages -= write_chunk - wbc.nr_to_write;
wrote += write_chunk - wbc.nr_to_write;
@@ -720,6 +756,12 @@ static long wb_writeback(struct bdi_writ
* become available for writeback. Otherwise
* we'll just busyloop.
*/
+ if (list_empty(&wb->b_more_io)) {
+ trace_wbc_writeback_wait(&wbc, wb->bdi);
+ __set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
+ io_schedule_timeout(max(HZ/100, 1));
+ continue;
+ }
spin_lock(&inode_lock);
if (!list_empty(&wb->b_more_io)) {
inode = wb_inode(wb->b_more_io.prev);
@@ -763,7 +805,7 @@ static unsigned long get_nr_dirty_pages(
static long wb_check_background_flush(struct bdi_writeback *wb)
{
- if (over_bground_thresh()) {
+ if (over_bground_thresh(wb->bdi)) {
struct wb_writeback_work work = {
.nr_pages = LONG_MAX,
--- linux-writeback.orig/mm/page-writeback.c 2011-01-20 21:21:34.000000000 +0800
+++ linux-writeback/mm/page-writeback.c 2011-01-20 21:33:25.000000000 +0800
@@ -37,24 +37,9 @@
#include <trace/events/writeback.h>
/*
- * After a CPU has dirtied this many pages, balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited
- * will look to see if it needs to force writeback or throttling.
+ * Don't sleep more than 200ms at a time in balance_dirty_pages().
*/
-static long ratelimit_pages = 32;
-
-/*
- * When balance_dirty_pages decides that the caller needs to perform some
- * non-background writeback, this is how many pages it will attempt to write.
- * It should be somewhat larger than dirtied pages to ensure that reasonably
- * large amounts of I/O are submitted.
- */
-static inline long sync_writeback_pages(unsigned long dirtied)
-{
- if (dirtied < ratelimit_pages)
- dirtied = ratelimit_pages;
-
- return dirtied + dirtied / 2;
-}
+#define MAX_PAUSE max(HZ/5, 1)
/* The following parameters are exported via /proc/sys/vm */
@@ -219,6 +204,7 @@ int dirty_bytes_handler(struct ctl_table
*/
static inline void __bdi_writeout_inc(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
{
+ __inc_bdi_stat(bdi, BDI_WRITTEN);
__prop_inc_percpu_max(&vm_completions, &bdi->completions,
bdi->max_prop_frac);
}
@@ -244,13 +230,8 @@ void task_dirty_inc(struct task_struct *
static void bdi_writeout_fraction(struct backing_dev_info *bdi,
long *numerator, long *denominator)
{
- if (bdi_cap_writeback_dirty(bdi)) {
- prop_fraction_percpu(&vm_completions, &bdi->completions,
+ prop_fraction_percpu(&vm_completions, &bdi->completions,
numerator, denominator);
- } else {
- *numerator = 0;
- *denominator = 1;
- }
}
static inline void task_dirties_fraction(struct task_struct *tsk,
@@ -265,7 +246,7 @@ static inline void task_dirties_fraction
*
* task specific dirty limit:
*
- * dirty -= (dirty/8) * p_{t}
+ * dirty -= (dirty/8) * log2(p_{t})
*
* To protect light/slow dirtying tasks from heavier/fast ones, we start
* throttling individual tasks before reaching the bdi dirty limit.
@@ -275,19 +256,33 @@ static inline void task_dirties_fraction
* dirty threshold may never get throttled.
*/
static unsigned long task_dirty_limit(struct task_struct *tsk,
- unsigned long bdi_dirty)
+ unsigned long thresh)
{
long numerator, denominator;
- unsigned long dirty = bdi_dirty;
- u64 inv = dirty >> 3;
+ unsigned long t = thresh / (TASK_SOFT_DIRTY_LIMIT * 16);
+ u64 inv = t;
+ int shift;
task_dirties_fraction(tsk, &numerator, &denominator);
- inv *= numerator;
+
+ shift = (numerator << 16) / denominator;
+ /*
+ * The calculation is not applicable for weight 0, which will actually
+ * slightly raise the threshold rather than to decrease it.
+ */
+ if (unlikely(shift == 0))
+ return thresh;
+
+ shift = 16 - ilog2(shift);
+
+ inv *= numerator << shift;
do_div(inv, denominator);
+ inv -= t;
- dirty -= inv;
+ thresh -= t * (16 - shift);
+ thresh -= inv;
- return max(dirty, bdi_dirty/2);
+ return thresh;
}
/*
@@ -426,8 +421,15 @@ void global_dirty_limits(unsigned long *
else
background = (dirty_background_ratio * available_memory) / 100;
- if (background >= dirty)
- background = dirty / 2;
+ /*
+ * Ensure at least 1/4 gap between background and dirty thresholds, so
+ * that when dirty throttling starts at (background + dirty)/2, it's at
+ * the entrance of bdi soft throttle threshold, so as to avoid being
+ * hard throttled.
+ */
+ if (background > dirty - dirty * 2 / BDI_SOFT_DIRTY_LIMIT)
+ background = dirty - dirty * 2 / BDI_SOFT_DIRTY_LIMIT;
+
tsk = current;
if (tsk->flags & PF_LESS_THROTTLE || rt_task(tsk)) {
background += background / 4;
@@ -435,24 +437,46 @@ void global_dirty_limits(unsigned long *
}
*pbackground = background;
*pdirty = dirty;
+ trace_global_dirty_state(background, dirty);
}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(global_dirty_limits);
-/*
+/**
* bdi_dirty_limit - @bdi's share of dirty throttling threshold
+ * @bdi: the backing_dev_info to query
+ * @dirty: global dirty limit in pages
+ * @dirty_pages: current number of dirty pages
+ *
+ * Returns @bdi's dirty limit in pages. The term "dirty" in the context of
+ * dirty balancing includes all PG_dirty, PG_writeback and NFS unstable pages.
*
- * Allocate high/low dirty limits to fast/slow devices, in order to prevent
+ * It allocates high/low dirty limits to fast/slow devices, in order to prevent
* - starving fast devices
* - piling up dirty pages (that will take long time to sync) on slow devices
*
* The bdi's share of dirty limit will be adapting to its throughput and
* bounded by the bdi->min_ratio and/or bdi->max_ratio parameters, if set.
- */
-unsigned long bdi_dirty_limit(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, unsigned long dirty)
+ *
+ * There is a chicken and egg problem: when bdi A (eg. /pub) is heavy dirtied
+ * and bdi B (eg. /) is light dirtied hence has 0 dirty limit, tasks writing to
+ * B always get heavily throttled and bdi B's dirty limit might never be able
+ * to grow up from 0. So we do tricks to reserve some global margin and honour
+ * it to the bdi's that run low.
+ */
+unsigned long bdi_dirty_limit(struct backing_dev_info *bdi,
+ unsigned long dirty,
+ unsigned long dirty_pages)
{
u64 bdi_dirty;
long numerator, denominator;
/*
+ * try to prevent "global limit exceeded but bdi limit not exceeded"
+ */
+ if (likely(dirty > bdi_stat_error(bdi)))
+ dirty -= bdi_stat_error(bdi);
+
+ /*
* Calculate this BDI's share of the dirty ratio.
*/
bdi_writeout_fraction(bdi, &numerator, &denominator);
@@ -462,6 +486,15 @@ unsigned long bdi_dirty_limit(struct bac
do_div(bdi_dirty, denominator);
bdi_dirty += (dirty * bdi->min_ratio) / 100;
+
+ /*
+ * If we can dirty N more pages globally, honour N/2 to the bdi that
+ * runs low, so as to help it ramp up.
+ */
+ if (unlikely(dirty > dirty_pages &&
+ bdi_dirty < (dirty - dirty_pages) / 2))
+ bdi_dirty = (dirty - dirty_pages) / 2;
+
if (bdi_dirty > (dirty * bdi->max_ratio) / 100)
bdi_dirty = dirty * bdi->max_ratio / 100;
@@ -469,6 +502,211 @@ unsigned long bdi_dirty_limit(struct bac
}
/*
+ * After a task dirtied this many pages, balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited_nr()
+ * will look to see if it needs to start dirty throttling.
+ *
+ * If ratelimit_pages is too low then big NUMA machines will call the expensive
+ * global_page_state() too often. So scale it adaptively to the safety margin
+ * (the number of pages we may dirty without exceeding the dirty limits).
+ */
+static unsigned long ratelimit_pages(unsigned long dirty_thresh,
+ unsigned long dirty_pages)
+{
+ return 1UL << (ilog2(dirty_thresh - dirty_pages) >> 1);
+}
+
+static void __bdi_update_dirty_smooth(struct backing_dev_info *bdi,
+ unsigned long dirty,
+ unsigned long thresh,
+ unsigned long elapsed)
+{
+ unsigned long avg = bdi->avg_dirty;
+ unsigned long old = bdi->old_dirty;
+ unsigned long bw;
+ unsigned long gap = thresh / TASK_SOFT_DIRTY_LIMIT;
+
+ /* skip call from the flusher */
+ if (!thresh)
+ return;
+
+ if (unlikely(avg > thresh - gap / 4 || avg + gap * 4 < dirty)) {
+ avg = (avg * 3 + dirty) / 4;
+ goto update;
+ }
+
+ /* bdi_dirty is departing upwards, quickly follow up */
+ if (avg < old && old < dirty) {
+ avg += (dirty - avg) / 32;
+ goto update;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * bdi_dirty is departing downwards, raise it if drifting too away from
+ * avg_dirty and bdi_thresh, or follow it if the workload goes light.
+ */
+ if (avg > old && old > dirty && avg - old > gap / 2) {
+ avg -= (gap + avg - old) / 256;
+ goto update;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * bdi_dirty is growing too fast, curb it to prevent hitting/exceeding
+ * the task/bdi limits after a while. This is particularly useful for
+ * NFS/XFS which regularly clear PG_writeback in bursts of 32MB. It
+ * converts the dirty-time curve from shape 'r' to shape '/'.
+ */
+ bw = bdi->write_bandwidth * elapsed;
+ if (thresh - gap * 3 < old && old < dirty && dirty < avg &&
+ (dirty - old) * HZ > bw) {
+ avg += min(gap / 128,
+ gap * ((dirty - old) * HZ - bw) / (bw | 1));
+ goto update;
+ }
+
+ goto out;
+
+update:
+ bdi->avg_dirty = avg;
+out:
+ bdi->old_dirty = dirty;
+}
+
+static void __bdi_update_write_bandwidth(struct backing_dev_info *bdi,
+ unsigned long elapsed,
+ unsigned long written)
+{
+ const unsigned long period = roundup_pow_of_two(8 * HZ);
+ u64 bw;
+
+ bw = written - bdi->written_stamp;
+ bw *= HZ;
+ if (elapsed > period / 2) {
+ do_div(bw, elapsed);
+ elapsed = period / 2;
+ bw *= elapsed;
+ }
+ bw += (u64)bdi->write_bandwidth * (period - elapsed);
+ bdi->write_bandwidth = bw >> ilog2(period);
+}
+
+/*
+ * The bdi throttle bandwidth is introduced for resisting bdi_dirty from
+ * getting too close to task_thresh. It allows scaling up to 1000+ concurrent
+ * dirtier tasks while keeping the fluctuation level flat.
+ */
+static void __bdi_update_throttle_bandwidth(struct backing_dev_info *bdi,
+ unsigned long dirty,
+ unsigned long thresh)
+{
+ unsigned long gap = thresh / TASK_SOFT_DIRTY_LIMIT + 1;
+ unsigned long bw = bdi->throttle_bandwidth;
+ unsigned long wb = bdi->write_bandwidth;
+
+ if (dirty > thresh)
+ return;
+
+ /* adapt to concurrent dirtiers */
+ if (dirty > thresh - gap - gap / 2) {
+ bw -= bw >> (3 + 4 * (thresh - dirty) / gap);
+ goto out;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Adapt to one single dirtier at workload startup time.
+ * The "+- wb / 8" below is space reserved for fluctuations.
+ */
+ if (dirty > thresh - gap * 2 + gap / 4 && bw > wb + wb / 8) {
+ bw -= bw >> (3 + 4 * (thresh - dirty - gap) / gap);
+ goto out;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Adapt to lighter workload.
+ * The '<=' here allows the flusher (which passes dirty = thresh = 0)
+ * to slowly restore throttle_bandwidth when workload goes light.
+ */
+ if (dirty <= thresh - gap * 2 - gap / 2 && bw < wb - wb / 8) {
+ bw += (bw >> 4) + 1;
+ goto out;
+ }
+
+ return;
+out:
+ bdi->throttle_bandwidth = bw;
+}
+
+void bdi_update_bandwidth(struct backing_dev_info *bdi,
+ unsigned long start_time,
+ unsigned long bdi_dirty,
+ unsigned long bdi_thresh)
+{
+ unsigned long elapsed;
+ unsigned long written;
+
+ if (!spin_trylock(&bdi->bw_lock))
+ return;
+
+ elapsed = jiffies - bdi->bw_time_stamp;
+ written = percpu_counter_read(&bdi->bdi_stat[BDI_WRITTEN]);
+
+ /* skip quiet periods when disk bandwidth is under-utilized */
+ if (elapsed > HZ/2 &&
+ elapsed > jiffies - start_time)
+ goto snapshot;
+
+ /* rate-limit, only update once every 100ms */
+ if (elapsed <= HZ/10)
+ goto unlock;
+
+ __bdi_update_dirty_smooth(bdi, bdi_dirty, bdi_thresh, elapsed);
+ __bdi_update_write_bandwidth(bdi, elapsed, written);
+ __bdi_update_throttle_bandwidth(bdi, bdi->avg_dirty, bdi_thresh);
+
+snapshot:
+ bdi->written_stamp = written;
+ bdi->bw_time_stamp = jiffies;
+unlock:
+ spin_unlock(&bdi->bw_lock);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Limit pause time for small memory systems. If sleeping for too long time,
+ * the small pool of dirty/writeback pages may go empty and disk go idle.
+ */
+static unsigned long max_pause(unsigned long bdi_thresh)
+{
+ unsigned long t; /* jiffies */
+
+ /* 1ms for every 4MB */
+ t = bdi_thresh >> (32 - PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT -
+ ilog2(roundup_pow_of_two(HZ)));
+ t += 2;
+
+ return min_t(unsigned long, t, MAX_PAUSE);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Scale up pause time for concurrent dirtiers in order to reduce CPU overheads.
+ * But ensure reasonably large [min_pause, max_pause] range size, so that
+ * nr_dirtied_pause (and hence future pause time) can stay reasonably stable.
+ */
+static unsigned long min_pause(struct backing_dev_info *bdi,
+ unsigned long max)
+{
+ unsigned long hi = ilog2(bdi->write_bandwidth);
+ unsigned long lo = ilog2(bdi->throttle_bandwidth);
+ unsigned long t; /* jiffies */
+
+ if (lo >= hi)
+ return 1;
+
+ /* (N * 10ms) on 2^N concurrent tasks */
+ t = (hi - lo) * (10 * HZ) / 1024;
+
+ return clamp_val(t, 1, max / 2);
+}
+
+/*
* balance_dirty_pages() must be called by processes which are generating dirty
* data. It looks at the number of dirty pages in the machine and will force
* the caller to perform writeback if the system is over `vm_dirty_ratio'.
@@ -476,43 +714,39 @@ unsigned long bdi_dirty_limit(struct bac
* perform some writeout.
*/
static void balance_dirty_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
- unsigned long write_chunk)
+ unsigned long pages_dirtied)
{
- long nr_reclaimable, bdi_nr_reclaimable;
- long nr_writeback, bdi_nr_writeback;
+ long nr_reclaimable;
+ long nr_dirty;
+ long bdi_dirty; /* = file_dirty + writeback + unstable_nfs */
+ long avg_dirty; /* smoothed bdi_dirty */
unsigned long background_thresh;
unsigned long dirty_thresh;
unsigned long bdi_thresh;
- unsigned long pages_written = 0;
- unsigned long pause = 1;
+ unsigned long task_thresh;
+ unsigned long long bw;
+ unsigned long period;
+ unsigned long pause = 0;
+ unsigned long pause_max;
bool dirty_exceeded = false;
struct backing_dev_info *bdi = mapping->backing_dev_info;
+ unsigned long start_time = jiffies;
for (;;) {
- struct writeback_control wbc = {
- .sync_mode = WB_SYNC_NONE,
- .older_than_this = NULL,
- .nr_to_write = write_chunk,
- .range_cyclic = 1,
- };
-
+ /*
+ * Unstable writes are a feature of certain networked
+ * filesystems (i.e. NFS) in which data may have been
+ * written to the server's write cache, but has not yet
+ * been flushed to permanent storage.
+ */
nr_reclaimable = global_page_state(NR_FILE_DIRTY) +
global_page_state(NR_UNSTABLE_NFS);
- nr_writeback = global_page_state(NR_WRITEBACK);
+ nr_dirty = nr_reclaimable + global_page_state(NR_WRITEBACK);
global_dirty_limits(&background_thresh, &dirty_thresh);
- /*
- * Throttle it only when the background writeback cannot
- * catch-up. This avoids (excessively) small writeouts
- * when the bdi limits are ramping up.
- */
- if (nr_reclaimable + nr_writeback <=
- (background_thresh + dirty_thresh) / 2)
- break;
-
- bdi_thresh = bdi_dirty_limit(bdi, dirty_thresh);
- bdi_thresh = task_dirty_limit(current, bdi_thresh);
+ bdi_thresh = bdi_dirty_limit(bdi, dirty_thresh, nr_dirty);
+ task_thresh = task_dirty_limit(current, bdi_thresh);
/*
* In order to avoid the stacked BDI deadlock we need
@@ -525,62 +759,133 @@ static void balance_dirty_pages(struct a
* deltas.
*/
if (bdi_thresh < 2*bdi_stat_error(bdi)) {
- bdi_nr_reclaimable = bdi_stat_sum(bdi, BDI_RECLAIMABLE);
- bdi_nr_writeback = bdi_stat_sum(bdi, BDI_WRITEBACK);
+ bdi_dirty = bdi_stat_sum(bdi, BDI_RECLAIMABLE) +
+ bdi_stat_sum(bdi, BDI_WRITEBACK);
} else {
- bdi_nr_reclaimable = bdi_stat(bdi, BDI_RECLAIMABLE);
- bdi_nr_writeback = bdi_stat(bdi, BDI_WRITEBACK);
+ bdi_dirty = bdi_stat(bdi, BDI_RECLAIMABLE) +
+ bdi_stat(bdi, BDI_WRITEBACK);
}
/*
+ * Throttle it only when the background writeback cannot
+ * catch-up. This avoids (excessively) small writeouts
+ * when the bdi limits are ramping up.
+ */
+ if (nr_dirty <= (background_thresh + dirty_thresh) / 2 &&
+ bdi_dirty <= bdi_thresh -
+ bdi_thresh / (BDI_SOFT_DIRTY_LIMIT / 2)) {
+ current->paused_when = jiffies;
+ current->nr_dirtied = 0;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ bdi_update_bandwidth(bdi, start_time, bdi_dirty, bdi_thresh);
+
+ if (unlikely(!writeback_in_progress(bdi)))
+ bdi_start_background_writeback(bdi);
+
+ /*
* The bdi thresh is somehow "soft" limit derived from the
* global "hard" limit. The former helps to prevent heavy IO
* bdi or process from holding back light ones; The latter is
* the last resort safeguard.
*/
- dirty_exceeded =
- (bdi_nr_reclaimable + bdi_nr_writeback > bdi_thresh)
- || (nr_reclaimable + nr_writeback > dirty_thresh);
+ dirty_exceeded = bdi_dirty > bdi_thresh ||
+ nr_dirty > dirty_thresh;
+ if (dirty_exceeded && !bdi->dirty_exceeded)
+ bdi->dirty_exceeded = 1;
- if (!dirty_exceeded)
- break;
+ avg_dirty = bdi->avg_dirty;
+ if (avg_dirty < bdi_dirty)
+ avg_dirty = bdi_dirty;
+
+ pause_max = max_pause(bdi_thresh);
+
+ if (avg_dirty >= task_thresh || nr_dirty > dirty_thresh) {
+ bw = 0;
+ period = pause_max;
+ pause = pause_max;
+ current->nr_dirtied_pause =
+ current->nr_dirtied_pause / 2 + 1;
+ goto pause;
+ }
- if (!bdi->dirty_exceeded)
- bdi->dirty_exceeded = 1;
+ bw = bdi->throttle_bandwidth;
- /* Note: nr_reclaimable denotes nr_dirty + nr_unstable.
- * Unstable writes are a feature of certain networked
- * filesystems (i.e. NFS) in which data may have been
- * written to the server's write cache, but has not yet
- * been flushed to permanent storage.
- * Only move pages to writeback if this bdi is over its
- * threshold otherwise wait until the disk writes catch
- * up.
+ bw = bw * (task_thresh - avg_dirty);
+ do_div(bw, (bdi_thresh / TASK_SOFT_DIRTY_LIMIT) | 1);
+
+ period = HZ * pages_dirtied / ((unsigned long)bw | 1);
+ if (unlikely(period == 0)) {
+ current->nr_dirtied_pause <<= 1;
+ pause = 1;
+ break;
+ }
+ pause = current->paused_when + period - jiffies;
+ /*
+ * Take it as long think time if pause falls into (-10s, 0).
+ * If it's less than 100ms, try to compensate it in future by
+ * updating the virtual time; otherwise just reset the time, as
+ * it may be a light dirtier.
*/
- trace_wbc_balance_dirty_start(&wbc, bdi);
- if (bdi_nr_reclaimable > bdi_thresh) {
- writeback_inodes_wb(&bdi->wb, &wbc);
- pages_written += write_chunk - wbc.nr_to_write;
- trace_wbc_balance_dirty_written(&wbc, bdi);
- if (pages_written >= write_chunk)
- break; /* We've done our duty */
+ if (unlikely(-pause < HZ*10)) {
+ trace_balance_dirty_pages(bdi,
+ bdi_dirty,
+ avg_dirty,
+ bdi_thresh,
+ task_thresh,
+ pages_dirtied,
+ bw,
+ period,
+ pause,
+ start_time);
+ if (-pause <= HZ/10)
+ current->paused_when += period;
+ else
+ current->paused_when = jiffies;
+ pause = 1;
+ current->nr_dirtied = 0;
+ break;
}
- trace_wbc_balance_dirty_wait(&wbc, bdi);
+ if (pause > pause_max)
+ pause = pause_max;
+
+pause:
+ trace_balance_dirty_pages(bdi,
+ bdi_dirty,
+ avg_dirty,
+ bdi_thresh,
+ task_thresh,
+ pages_dirtied,
+ bw,
+ period,
+ pause,
+ start_time);
+ current->paused_when = jiffies;
__set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
io_schedule_timeout(pause);
+ current->paused_when += pause;
+ current->nr_dirtied = 0;
- /*
- * Increase the delay for each loop, up to our previous
- * default of taking a 100ms nap.
- */
- pause <<= 1;
- if (pause > HZ / 10)
- pause = HZ / 10;
+ if (!dirty_exceeded)
+ break;
}
if (!dirty_exceeded && bdi->dirty_exceeded)
bdi->dirty_exceeded = 0;
+ if (pause == 0)
+ current->nr_dirtied_pause =
+ ratelimit_pages(bdi_thresh, bdi_dirty);
+ else if (pause <= min_pause(bdi, pause_max))
+ current->nr_dirtied_pause += current->nr_dirtied_pause / 32 + 1;
+ else if (pause >= pause_max)
+ /*
+ * when repeated, writing 1 page per 100ms on slow devices,
+ * i-(i+2)/4 will be able to reach 1 but never reduce to 0.
+ */
+ current->nr_dirtied_pause -= (current->nr_dirtied_pause+2) >> 2;
+
if (writeback_in_progress(bdi))
return;
@@ -592,8 +897,10 @@ static void balance_dirty_pages(struct a
* In normal mode, we start background writeout at the lower
* background_thresh, to keep the amount of dirty memory low.
*/
- if ((laptop_mode && pages_written) ||
- (!laptop_mode && (nr_reclaimable > background_thresh)))
+ if (laptop_mode)
+ return;
+
+ if (nr_reclaimable > background_thresh)
bdi_start_background_writeback(bdi);
}
@@ -607,8 +914,6 @@ void set_page_dirty_balance(struct page
}
}
-static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, bdp_ratelimits) = 0;
-
/**
* balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited_nr - balance dirty memory state
* @mapping: address_space which was dirtied
@@ -618,36 +923,29 @@ static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, bdp
* which was newly dirtied. The function will periodically check the system's
* dirty state and will initiate writeback if needed.
*
- * On really big machines, get_writeback_state is expensive, so try to avoid
+ * On really big machines, global_page_state() is expensive, so try to avoid
* calling it too often (ratelimiting). But once we're over the dirty memory
- * limit we decrease the ratelimiting by a lot, to prevent individual processes
- * from overshooting the limit by (ratelimit_pages) each.
+ * limit we disable the ratelimiting, to prevent individual processes from
+ * overshooting the limit by (ratelimit_pages) each.
*/
void balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited_nr(struct address_space *mapping,
unsigned long nr_pages_dirtied)
{
- unsigned long ratelimit;
- unsigned long *p;
+ struct backing_dev_info *bdi = mapping->backing_dev_info;
+
+ if (!bdi_cap_account_dirty(bdi))
+ return;
- ratelimit = ratelimit_pages;
- if (mapping->backing_dev_info->dirty_exceeded)
- ratelimit = 8;
+ current->nr_dirtied += nr_pages_dirtied;
/*
* Check the rate limiting. Also, we do not want to throttle real-time
* tasks in balance_dirty_pages(). Period.
*/
- preempt_disable();
- p = &__get_cpu_var(bdp_ratelimits);
- *p += nr_pages_dirtied;
- if (unlikely(*p >= ratelimit)) {
- ratelimit = sync_writeback_pages(*p);
- *p = 0;
- preempt_enable();
- balance_dirty_pages(mapping, ratelimit);
- return;
+ if (unlikely(current->nr_dirtied >= current->nr_dirtied_pause ||
+ bdi->dirty_exceeded)) {
+ balance_dirty_pages(mapping, current->nr_dirtied);
}
- preempt_enable();
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited_nr);
@@ -735,44 +1033,6 @@ void laptop_sync_completion(void)
#endif
/*
- * If ratelimit_pages is too high then we can get into dirty-data overload
- * if a large number of processes all perform writes at the same time.
- * If it is too low then SMP machines will call the (expensive)
- * get_writeback_state too often.
- *
- * Here we set ratelimit_pages to a level which ensures that when all CPUs are
- * dirtying in parallel, we cannot go more than 3% (1/32) over the dirty memory
- * thresholds before writeback cuts in.
- *
- * But the limit should not be set too high. Because it also controls the
- * amount of memory which the balance_dirty_pages() caller has to write back.
- * If this is too large then the caller will block on the IO queue all the
- * time. So limit it to four megabytes - the balance_dirty_pages() caller
- * will write six megabyte chunks, max.
- */
-
-void writeback_set_ratelimit(void)
-{
- ratelimit_pages = vm_total_pages / (num_online_cpus() * 32);
- if (ratelimit_pages < 16)
- ratelimit_pages = 16;
- if (ratelimit_pages * PAGE_CACHE_SIZE > 4096 * 1024)
- ratelimit_pages = (4096 * 1024) / PAGE_CACHE_SIZE;
-}
-
-static int __cpuinit
-ratelimit_handler(struct notifier_block *self, unsigned long u, void *v)
-{
- writeback_set_ratelimit();
- return NOTIFY_DONE;
-}
-
-static struct notifier_block __cpuinitdata ratelimit_nb = {
- .notifier_call = ratelimit_handler,
- .next = NULL,
-};
-
-/*
* Called early on to tune the page writeback dirty limits.
*
* We used to scale dirty pages according to how total memory
@@ -794,9 +1054,6 @@ void __init page_writeback_init(void)
{
int shift;
- writeback_set_ratelimit();
- register_cpu_notifier(&ratelimit_nb);
-
shift = calc_period_shift();
prop_descriptor_init(&vm_completions, shift);
prop_descriptor_init(&vm_dirties, shift);
@@ -1134,7 +1391,6 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(account_page_dirtied);
void account_page_writeback(struct page *page)
{
inc_zone_page_state(page, NR_WRITEBACK);
- inc_zone_page_state(page, NR_WRITTEN);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(account_page_writeback);
@@ -1341,8 +1597,10 @@ int test_clear_page_writeback(struct pag
} else {
ret = TestClearPageWriteback(page);
}
- if (ret)
+ if (ret) {
dec_zone_page_state(page, NR_WRITEBACK);
+ inc_zone_page_state(page, NR_WRITTEN);
+ }
return ret;
}
--- linux-writeback.orig/mm/backing-dev.c 2011-01-20 21:20:20.000000000 +0800
+++ linux-writeback/mm/backing-dev.c 2011-01-20 21:33:25.000000000 +0800
@@ -83,24 +83,28 @@ static int bdi_debug_stats_show(struct s
spin_unlock(&inode_lock);
global_dirty_limits(&background_thresh, &dirty_thresh);
- bdi_thresh = bdi_dirty_limit(bdi, dirty_thresh);
+ bdi_thresh = bdi_dirty_limit(bdi, dirty_thresh, dirty_thresh);
#define K(x) ((x) << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10))
seq_printf(m,
- "BdiWriteback: %8lu kB\n"
- "BdiReclaimable: %8lu kB\n"
- "BdiDirtyThresh: %8lu kB\n"
- "DirtyThresh: %8lu kB\n"
- "BackgroundThresh: %8lu kB\n"
- "b_dirty: %8lu\n"
- "b_io: %8lu\n"
- "b_more_io: %8lu\n"
- "bdi_list: %8u\n"
- "state: %8lx\n",
+ "BdiWriteback: %10lu kB\n"
+ "BdiReclaimable: %10lu kB\n"
+ "BdiDirtyThresh: %10lu kB\n"
+ "DirtyThresh: %10lu kB\n"
+ "BackgroundThresh: %10lu kB\n"
+ "BdiWritten: %10lu kB\n"
+ "BdiWriteBandwidth: %10lu kBps\n"
+ "b_dirty: %10lu\n"
+ "b_io: %10lu\n"
+ "b_more_io: %10lu\n"
+ "bdi_list: %10u\n"
+ "state: %10lx\n",
(unsigned long) K(bdi_stat(bdi, BDI_WRITEBACK)),
(unsigned long) K(bdi_stat(bdi, BDI_RECLAIMABLE)),
- K(bdi_thresh), K(dirty_thresh),
- K(background_thresh), nr_dirty, nr_io, nr_more_io,
+ K(bdi_thresh), K(dirty_thresh), K(background_thresh),
+ (unsigned long) K(bdi_stat(bdi, BDI_WRITTEN)),
+ (unsigned long) K(bdi->write_bandwidth),
+ nr_dirty, nr_io, nr_more_io,
!list_empty(&bdi->bdi_list), bdi->state);
#undef K
@@ -658,6 +662,17 @@ int bdi_init(struct backing_dev_info *bd
goto err;
}
+ spin_lock_init(&bdi->bw_lock);
+ bdi->bw_time_stamp = jiffies;
+ bdi->written_stamp = 0;
+
+ /* start from 50 MB/s */
+ bdi->write_bandwidth = 50 << (20 - PAGE_SHIFT);
+ bdi->throttle_bandwidth = 50 << (20 - PAGE_SHIFT);
+
+ bdi->avg_dirty = 0;
+ bdi->old_dirty = 0;
+
bdi->dirty_exceeded = 0;
err = prop_local_init_percpu(&bdi->completions);
--- linux-writeback.orig/include/linux/writeback.h 2011-01-20 21:20:20.000000000 +0800
+++ linux-writeback/include/linux/writeback.h 2011-01-20 21:33:14.000000000 +0800
@@ -12,6 +12,21 @@ struct backing_dev_info;
extern spinlock_t inode_lock;
/*
+ * The 1/8 region under the bdi dirty threshold is set aside for elastic
+ * throttling. In rare cases when the threshold is exceeded, more rigid
+ * throttling will be imposed, which will inevitably stall the dirtier task
+ * for seconds (or more) at _one_ time. The rare case could be a fork bomb
+ * where every new task dirties some more pages.
+ */
+#define BDI_SOFT_DIRTY_LIMIT 8
+#define TASK_SOFT_DIRTY_LIMIT (BDI_SOFT_DIRTY_LIMIT * 2)
+
+/*
+ * 4MB minimal write chunk size
+ */
+#define MIN_WRITEBACK_PAGES (4096UL >> (PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT - 10))
+
+/*
* fs/fs-writeback.c
*/
enum writeback_sync_modes {
@@ -33,6 +48,7 @@ struct writeback_control {
extra jobs and livelock */
long nr_to_write; /* Write this many pages, and decrement
this for each page written */
+ long per_file_limit; /* Write this many pages for one file */
long pages_skipped; /* Pages which were not written */
/*
@@ -126,7 +142,18 @@ int dirty_writeback_centisecs_handler(st
void global_dirty_limits(unsigned long *pbackground, unsigned long *pdirty);
unsigned long bdi_dirty_limit(struct backing_dev_info *bdi,
- unsigned long dirty);
+ unsigned long dirty,
+ unsigned long dirty_pages);
+
+void bdi_update_bandwidth(struct backing_dev_info *bdi,
+ unsigned long start_time,
+ unsigned long bdi_dirty,
+ unsigned long bdi_thresh);
+static inline void bdi_update_write_bandwidth(struct backing_dev_info *bdi,
+ unsigned long start_time)
+{
+ bdi_update_bandwidth(bdi, start_time, 0, 0);
+}
void page_writeback_init(void);
void balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited_nr(struct address_space *mapping,
--- linux-writeback.orig/mm/filemap.c 2011-01-20 21:21:34.000000000 +0800
+++ linux-writeback/mm/filemap.c 2011-01-20 21:33:14.000000000 +0800
@@ -2253,6 +2253,7 @@ static ssize_t generic_perform_write(str
long status = 0;
ssize_t written = 0;
unsigned int flags = 0;
+ unsigned int dirty;
/*
* Copies from kernel address space cannot fail (NFSD is a big user).
@@ -2301,6 +2302,7 @@ again:
pagefault_enable();
flush_dcache_page(page);
+ dirty = PageDirty(page);
mark_page_accessed(page);
status = a_ops->write_end(file, mapping, pos, bytes, copied,
page, fsdata);
@@ -2327,7 +2329,8 @@ again:
pos += copied;
written += copied;
- balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited(mapping);
+ if (!dirty)
+ balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited(mapping);
} while (iov_iter_count(i));
--- /dev/null 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000
+++ linux-writeback/Documentation/filesystems/writeback-throttling-design.txt 2011-01-20 21:33:14.000000000 +0800
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+writeback throttling design
+---------------------------
+
+introduction to dirty throttling
+--------------------------------
+
+The write(2) is normally buffered write that creates dirty page cache pages
+for holding the data and return immediately. The dirty pages will eventually
+be written to disk, or be dropped by unlink()/truncate().
+
+The delayed writeback of dirty pages enables the kernel to optimize the IO:
+
+- turn IO into async ones, which avoids blocking the tasks
+- submit IO as a batch for better throughput
+- avoid IO at all for temp files
+
+However, there have to be some limits on the number of allowable dirty pages.
+Typically applications are able to dirty pages more quickly than storage
+devices can write them. When approaching the dirty limits, the dirtier tasks
+will be throttled (put to brief sleeps from time to time) by
+balance_dirty_pages() in order to balance the dirty speed and writeback speed.
+
+dirty limits
+------------
+
+The dirty limit defaults to 20% reclaimable memory, and can be tuned via one of
+the following sysctl interfaces:
+
+ /proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio
+ /proc/sys/vm/dirty_bytes
+
+The ultimate goal of balance_dirty_pages() is to keep the global dirty pages
+under control.
+
+ dirty_limit = dirty_ratio * free_reclaimable_pages
+
+However a global threshold may create deadlock for stacked BDIs (loop, FUSE and
+local NFS mounts). When A writes to B, and A generates enough dirty pages to
+get throttled, B will never start writeback until the dirty pages go away.
+
+Another problem is inter device starvation. When there are concurrent writes to
+a slow device and a fast one, the latter may well be starved due to unnecessary
+throttling on its dirtier tasks, leading to big IO performance drop.
+
+The solution is to split the global dirty limit into per-bdi limits among all
+the backing devices and scale writeback cache per backing device, proportional
+to its writeout speed.
+
+ bdi_dirty_limit = bdi_weight * dirty_limit
+
+where bdi_weight (ranging from 0 to 1) reflects the recent writeout speed of
+the BDI.
+
+We further scale the bdi dirty limit inversly with the task's dirty rate.
+This makes heavy writers have a lower dirty limit than the occasional writer,
+to prevent a heavy dd from slowing down all other light writers in the system.
+
+ task_dirty_limit = bdi_dirty_limit - task_weight * bdi_dirty_limit/16
+
+pause time
+----------
+
+The main task of dirty throttling is to determine when and how long to pause
+the current dirtier task. Basically we want to
+
+- avoid too small pause time (less than 1 jiffy, which burns CPU power)
+- avoid too large pause time (more than 200ms, which hurts responsiveness)
+- avoid big fluctuations of pause times
+
+To smoothly control the pause time, we do soft throttling in a small region
+under task_dirty_limit, starting from
+
+ task_throttle_thresh = task_dirty_limit - task_dirty_limit/16
+
+In fig.1, when bdi_dirty_pages falls into
+
+ [0, La]: do nothing
+ [La, A]: do soft throttling
+ [A, inf]: do hard throttling
+
+Where hard throttling is to wait until bdi_dirty_pages falls more than
+task_dirtied_pages (the pages dirtied by the task since its last throttle
+time). It's "hard" because it may end up waiting for long time.
+
+Fig.1 dirty throttling regions
+ o
+ o
+ o
+ o
+ o
+ o
+ o
+ o
+----------------------------------------------+---------------o----------------|
+ La A T
+ no throttle soft throttle hard throttle
+ T: bdi_dirty_limit
+ A: task_dirty_limit = T - task_weight * T/16
+ La: task_throttle_thresh = A - A/16
+
+Soft dirty throttling is to pause the dirtier task for J:pause_time jiffies on
+every N:task_dirtied_pages pages it dirtied. Let's call (N/J) the "throttle
+bandwidth". It is computed by the following formula:
+
+ task_dirty_limit - bdi_dirty_pages
+throttle_bandwidth = bdi_bandwidth * ----------------------------------
+ task_dirty_limit/16
+
+where bdi_bandwidth is the BDI's estimated write speed.
+
+Given the throttle_bandwidth for a task, we select a suitable N, so that when
+the task dirties so much pages, it enters balance_dirty_pages() to sleep for
+roughly J jiffies. N is adaptive to storage and task write speeds, so that the
+task always get suitable (not too long or small) pause time.
+
+dynamics
+--------
+
+When there is one heavy dirtier, bdi_dirty_pages will keep growing until
+exceeding the low threshold of the task's soft throttling region [La, A].
+At which point (La) the task will be controlled under speed
+throttle_bandwidth=bdi_bandwidth (fig.2) and remain stable there.
+
+Fig.2 one heavy dirtier
+
+ throttle_bandwidth ~= bdi_bandwidth => o
+ | o
+ | o
+ | o
+ | o
+ | o
+ | o
+ La| o
+----------------------------------------------+---------------o----------------|
+ R A T
+ R: bdi_dirty_pages ~= La
+
+When there comes a new dd task B, task_weight_B will gradually grow from 0 to
+50% while task_weight_A will decrease from 100% to 50%. When task_weight_B is
+still small, B is considered a light dirtier and is allowed to dirty pages much
+faster than the bdi write bandwidth. In fact initially it won't be throttled at
+all when R < Lb where Lb = B - B/16 and B ~= T.
+
+Fig.3 an old dd (A) + a newly started dd (B)
+
+ throttle bandwidth => *
+ | *
+ | *
+ | *
+ | *
+ | *
+ | *
+ | *
+ throttle bandwidth => o *
+ | o *
+ | o *
+ | o *
+ | o *
+ | o *
+ | o *
+------------------------------------------------+-------------o---------------*|
+ R A BT
+
+So R:bdi_dirty_pages will grow large. As task_weight_A and task_weight_B
+converge to 50%, the points A, B will go towards each other (fig.4) and
+eventually coincide with each other. R will stabilize around A-A/32 where
+A=B=T-0.5*T/16. throttle_bandwidth will stabilize around bdi_bandwidth/2.
+
+Note that the application "think+dirty time" is ignored for simplicity in the
+above discussions. With non-zero user space think time, the balance point will
+slightly drift and not a big deal otherwise.
+
+Fig.4 the two dd's converging to the same bandwidth
+
+ |
+ throttle bandwidth => *
+ | *
+ throttle bandwidth => o *
+ | o *
+ | o *
+ | o *
+ | o *
+ | o *
+---------------------------------------------------------+-----------o---*-----|
+ R A B T
+
+There won't be big oscillations between A and B, because as soon as A coincides
+with B, their throttle_bandwidth and hence dirty speed will be equal, A's
+weight will stop decreasing and B's weight will stop growing, so the two points
+won't keep moving and cross each other.
+
+Sure there are always oscillations of bdi_dirty_pages as long as the dirtier
+task alternatively do dirty and pause. But it will be bounded. When there is 1
+heavy dirtier, the error bound will be (pause_time * bdi_bandwidth). When there
+are 2 heavy dirtiers, the max error is 2 * (pause_time * bdi_bandwidth/2),
+which remains the same as 1 dirtier case (given the same pause time). In fact
+the more dirtier tasks, the less errors will be, since the dirtier tasks are
+not likely going to sleep at the same time.
+
+References
+----------
+
+Smarter write throttling
+http://lwn.net/Articles/245600/
+
+Flushing out pdflush
+http://lwn.net/Articles/326552/
+
+Dirty throttling slides
+http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/wfg/writeback/dirty-throttling.pdf
--- linux-writeback.orig/include/linux/sched.h 2011-01-20 21:21:33.000000000 +0800
+++ linux-writeback/include/linux/sched.h 2011-01-20 21:33:14.000000000 +0800
@@ -1487,6 +1487,14 @@ struct task_struct {
int make_it_fail;
#endif
struct prop_local_single dirties;
+ /*
+ * when (nr_dirtied >= nr_dirtied_pause), it's time to call
+ * balance_dirty_pages() for some dirty throttling pause
+ */
+ int nr_dirtied;
+ int nr_dirtied_pause;
+ unsigned long paused_when; /* start of a write-and-pause period */
+
#ifdef CONFIG_LATENCYTOP
int latency_record_count;
struct latency_record latency_record[LT_SAVECOUNT];
--- linux-writeback.orig/mm/memory_hotplug.c 2011-01-20 21:21:34.000000000 +0800
+++ linux-writeback/mm/memory_hotplug.c 2011-01-20 21:33:14.000000000 +0800
@@ -468,8 +468,6 @@ int online_pages(unsigned long pfn, unsi
vm_total_pages = nr_free_pagecache_pages();
- writeback_set_ratelimit();
-
if (onlined_pages)
memory_notify(MEM_ONLINE, &arg);
unlock_memory_hotplug();
@@ -901,7 +899,6 @@ repeat:
}
vm_total_pages = nr_free_pagecache_pages();
- writeback_set_ratelimit();
memory_notify(MEM_OFFLINE, &arg);
unlock_memory_hotplug();
--- linux-writeback.orig/include/linux/backing-dev.h 2011-01-20 21:20:20.000000000 +0800
+++ linux-writeback/include/linux/backing-dev.h 2011-01-20 21:33:14.000000000 +0800
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ typedef int (congested_fn)(void *, int);
enum bdi_stat_item {
BDI_RECLAIMABLE,
BDI_WRITEBACK,
+ BDI_WRITTEN,
NR_BDI_STAT_ITEMS
};
@@ -73,6 +74,14 @@ struct backing_dev_info {
struct percpu_counter bdi_stat[NR_BDI_STAT_ITEMS];
+ spinlock_t bw_lock;
+ unsigned long bw_time_stamp;
+ unsigned long written_stamp;
+ unsigned long write_bandwidth;
+ unsigned long throttle_bandwidth;
+ unsigned long avg_dirty;
+ unsigned long old_dirty;
+
struct prop_local_percpu completions;
int dirty_exceeded;
--- linux-writeback.orig/include/trace/events/writeback.h 2011-01-20 21:21:34.000000000 +0800
+++ linux-writeback/include/trace/events/writeback.h 2011-01-20 21:33:25.000000000 +0800
@@ -10,6 +10,19 @@
struct wb_writeback_work;
+#define show_inode_state(state) \
+ __print_flags(state, "|", \
+ {I_DIRTY_SYNC, "I_DIRTY_SYNC"}, \
+ {I_DIRTY_DATASYNC, "I_DIRTY_DATASYNC"}, \
+ {I_DIRTY_PAGES, "I_DIRTY_PAGES"}, \
+ {I_NEW, "I_NEW"}, \
+ {I_WILL_FREE, "I_WILL_FREE"}, \
+ {I_FREEING, "I_FREEING"}, \
+ {I_CLEAR, "I_CLEAR"}, \
+ {I_SYNC, "I_SYNC"}, \
+ {I_REFERENCED, "I_REFERENCED"} \
+ )
+
DECLARE_EVENT_CLASS(writeback_work_class,
TP_PROTO(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, struct wb_writeback_work *work),
TP_ARGS(bdi, work),
@@ -147,11 +160,187 @@ DEFINE_EVENT(wbc_class, name, \
DEFINE_WBC_EVENT(wbc_writeback_start);
DEFINE_WBC_EVENT(wbc_writeback_written);
DEFINE_WBC_EVENT(wbc_writeback_wait);
-DEFINE_WBC_EVENT(wbc_balance_dirty_start);
-DEFINE_WBC_EVENT(wbc_balance_dirty_written);
-DEFINE_WBC_EVENT(wbc_balance_dirty_wait);
DEFINE_WBC_EVENT(wbc_writepage);
+TRACE_EVENT(writeback_single_inode,
+
+ TP_PROTO(struct inode *inode,
+ struct writeback_control *wbc,
+ unsigned long wrote
+ ),
+
+ TP_ARGS(inode, wbc, wrote),
+
+ TP_STRUCT__entry(
+ __array(char, name, 32)
+ __field(unsigned long, ino)
+ __field(unsigned long, state)
+ __field(unsigned long, age)
+ __field(unsigned long, wrote)
+ __field(long, nr_to_write)
+ __field(unsigned long, writeback_index)
+ ),
+
+ TP_fast_assign(
+ strncpy(__entry->name,
+ dev_name(inode->i_mapping->backing_dev_info->dev), 32);
+ __entry->ino = inode->i_ino;
+ __entry->state = inode->i_state;
+ __entry->age = (jiffies - inode->dirtied_when) *
+ 1000 / HZ;
+ __entry->wrote = wrote;
+ __entry->nr_to_write = wbc->nr_to_write;
+ __entry->writeback_index = inode->i_mapping->writeback_index;
+ ),
+
+ TP_printk("bdi %s: ino=%lu state=%s age=%lu "
+ "wrote=%lu to_write=%ld index=%lu",
+ __entry->name,
+ __entry->ino,
+ show_inode_state(__entry->state),
+ __entry->age,
+ __entry->wrote,
+ __entry->nr_to_write,
+ __entry->writeback_index
+ )
+);
+
+TRACE_EVENT(global_dirty_state,
+
+ TP_PROTO(unsigned long background_thresh,
+ unsigned long dirty_thresh
+ ),
+
+ TP_ARGS(background_thresh,
+ dirty_thresh
+ ),
+
+ TP_STRUCT__entry(
+ __field(unsigned long, nr_dirty)
+ __field(unsigned long, nr_writeback)
+ __field(unsigned long, nr_unstable)
+ __field(unsigned long, background_thresh)
+ __field(unsigned long, dirty_thresh)
+ __field(unsigned long, poll_thresh)
+ __field(unsigned long, nr_dirtied)
+ __field(unsigned long, nr_written)
+ ),
+
+ TP_fast_assign(
+ __entry->nr_dirty = global_page_state(NR_FILE_DIRTY);
+ __entry->nr_writeback = global_page_state(NR_WRITEBACK);
+ __entry->nr_unstable = global_page_state(NR_UNSTABLE_NFS);
+ __entry->nr_dirtied = global_page_state(NR_DIRTIED);
+ __entry->nr_written = global_page_state(NR_WRITTEN);
+ __entry->background_thresh = background_thresh;
+ __entry->dirty_thresh = dirty_thresh;
+ __entry->poll_thresh = current->nr_dirtied_pause;
+ ),
+
+ TP_printk("dirty=%lu writeback=%lu unstable=%lu "
+ "bg_thresh=%lu thresh=%lu gap=%ld poll=%ld "
+ "dirtied=%lu written=%lu",
+ __entry->nr_dirty,
+ __entry->nr_writeback,
+ __entry->nr_unstable,
+ __entry->background_thresh,
+ __entry->dirty_thresh,
+ __entry->dirty_thresh - __entry->nr_dirty -
+ __entry->nr_writeback - __entry->nr_unstable,
+ __entry->poll_thresh,
+ __entry->nr_dirtied,
+ __entry->nr_written
+ )
+);
+
+#define KBps(x) ((x) << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10))
+#define BDP_PERCENT(a, b, c) (((__entry->a) - (__entry->b)) * 100 * (c) + \
+ __entry->bdi_limit/2) / (__entry->bdi_limit|1)
+
+TRACE_EVENT(balance_dirty_pages,
+
+ TP_PROTO(struct backing_dev_info *bdi,
+ long bdi_dirty,
+ long avg_dirty,
+ long bdi_limit,
+ long task_limit,
+ long dirtied,
+ long task_bw,
+ long period,
+ long pause,
+ unsigned long start_time),
+
+ TP_ARGS(bdi, bdi_dirty, avg_dirty, bdi_limit, task_limit,
+ dirtied, task_bw, period, pause, start_time),
+
+ TP_STRUCT__entry(
+ __array(char, bdi, 32)
+ __field(long, bdi_dirty)
+ __field(long, avg_dirty)
+ __field(long, bdi_limit)
+ __field(long, task_limit)
+ __field(long, dirtied)
+ __field(long, bdi_bw)
+ __field(long, base_bw)
+ __field(long, task_bw)
+ __field(long, period)
+ __field(long, think)
+ __field(long, pause)
+ __field(long, paused)
+ ),
+
+ TP_fast_assign(
+ strlcpy(__entry->bdi, dev_name(bdi->dev), 32);
+ __entry->bdi_dirty = bdi_dirty;
+ __entry->avg_dirty = avg_dirty;
+ __entry->bdi_limit = bdi_limit;
+ __entry->task_limit = task_limit;
+ __entry->dirtied = dirtied;
+ __entry->bdi_bw = KBps(bdi->write_bandwidth);
+ __entry->base_bw = KBps(bdi->throttle_bandwidth);
+ __entry->task_bw = KBps(task_bw);
+ __entry->think = current->paused_when == 0 ? 0 :
+ (long)(jiffies - current->paused_when) * 1000 / HZ;
+ __entry->period = period * 1000 / HZ;
+ __entry->pause = pause * 1000 / HZ;
+ __entry->paused = (jiffies - start_time) * 1000 / HZ;
+ ),
+
+
+ /*
+ * [..............soft throttling range............]
+ * ^ |<=========== bdi_gap =========>|
+ * (background+dirty)/2 |<== task_gap ==>|
+ * -------------------|-------+----------------|--------------|
+ * (bdi_limit * 7/8)^ ^bdi_dirty ^task_limit ^bdi_limit
+ *
+ * Reasonable large gaps help produce smooth pause times.
+ */
+ TP_printk("bdi %s: "
+ "bdi_limit=%lu task_limit=%lu bdi_dirty=%lu avg_dirty=%lu "
+ "bdi_gap=%ld%% task_gap=%ld%% task_weight=%ld%% "
+ "bdi_bw=%lu base_bw=%lu task_bw=%lu "
+ "dirtied=%lu period=%lu think=%ld pause=%ld paused=%lu",
+ __entry->bdi,
+ __entry->bdi_limit,
+ __entry->task_limit,
+ __entry->bdi_dirty,
+ __entry->avg_dirty,
+ BDP_PERCENT(bdi_limit, bdi_dirty, BDI_SOFT_DIRTY_LIMIT),
+ BDP_PERCENT(task_limit, avg_dirty, TASK_SOFT_DIRTY_LIMIT),
+ /* task weight: proportion of recent dirtied pages */
+ BDP_PERCENT(bdi_limit, task_limit, TASK_SOFT_DIRTY_LIMIT),
+ __entry->bdi_bw, /* bdi write bandwidth */
+ __entry->base_bw, /* bdi base throttle bandwidth */
+ __entry->task_bw, /* task throttle bandwidth */
+ __entry->dirtied,
+ __entry->period, /* ms */
+ __entry->think, /* ms */
+ __entry->pause, /* ms */
+ __entry->paused /* ms */
+ )
+);
+
DECLARE_EVENT_CLASS(writeback_congest_waited_template,
TP_PROTO(unsigned int usec_timeout, unsigned int usec_delayed),
--- linux-writeback.orig/fs/btrfs/file.c 2011-01-20 21:21:33.000000000 +0800
+++ linux-writeback/fs/btrfs/file.c 2011-01-20 21:33:14.000000000 +0800
@@ -769,7 +769,8 @@ out:
static noinline int prepare_pages(struct btrfs_root *root, struct file *file,
struct page **pages, size_t num_pages,
loff_t pos, unsigned long first_index,
- unsigned long last_index, size_t write_bytes)
+ unsigned long last_index, size_t write_bytes,
+ int *nr_dirtied)
{
struct extent_state *cached_state = NULL;
int i;
@@ -832,7 +833,8 @@ again:
GFP_NOFS);
}
for (i = 0; i < num_pages; i++) {
- clear_page_dirty_for_io(pages[i]);
+ if (!clear_page_dirty_for_io(pages[i]))
+ (*nr_dirtied)++;
set_page_extent_mapped(pages[i]);
WARN_ON(!PageLocked(pages[i]));
}
@@ -942,9 +944,8 @@ static ssize_t btrfs_file_aio_write(stru
}
iov_iter_init(&i, iov, nr_segs, count, num_written);
- nrptrs = min((iov_iter_count(&i) + PAGE_CACHE_SIZE - 1) /
- PAGE_CACHE_SIZE, PAGE_CACHE_SIZE /
- (sizeof(struct page *)));
+ nrptrs = min(DIV_ROUND_UP(iov_iter_count(&i), PAGE_CACHE_SIZE),
+ min(16UL, PAGE_CACHE_SIZE / (sizeof(struct page *))));
pages = kmalloc(nrptrs * sizeof(struct page *), GFP_KERNEL);
/* generic_write_checks can change our pos */
@@ -986,6 +987,7 @@ static ssize_t btrfs_file_aio_write(stru
offset);
size_t num_pages = (write_bytes + PAGE_CACHE_SIZE - 1) >>
PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
+ int nr_dirtied = 0;
WARN_ON(num_pages > nrptrs);
memset(pages, 0, sizeof(struct page *) * nrptrs);
@@ -1006,7 +1008,7 @@ static ssize_t btrfs_file_aio_write(stru
ret = prepare_pages(root, file, pages, num_pages,
pos, first_index, last_index,
- write_bytes);
+ write_bytes, &nr_dirtied);
if (ret) {
btrfs_delalloc_release_space(inode,
num_pages << PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT);
@@ -1041,7 +1043,7 @@ static ssize_t btrfs_file_aio_write(stru
} else {
balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited_nr(
inode->i_mapping,
- dirty_pages);
+ nr_dirtied);
if (dirty_pages <
(root->leafsize >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT) + 1)
btrfs_btree_balance_dirty(root, 1);
--- linux-writeback.orig/fs/btrfs/ioctl.c 2011-01-20 21:21:33.000000000 +0800
+++ linux-writeback/fs/btrfs/ioctl.c 2011-01-20 21:33:14.000000000 +0800
@@ -654,6 +654,7 @@ static int btrfs_defrag_file(struct file
u64 skip = 0;
u64 defrag_end = 0;
unsigned long i;
+ int dirtied;
int ret;
int compress_type = BTRFS_COMPRESS_ZLIB;
@@ -766,7 +767,7 @@ again:
btrfs_set_extent_delalloc(inode, page_start, page_end, NULL);
ClearPageChecked(page);
- set_page_dirty(page);
+ dirtied = set_page_dirty(page);
unlock_extent(io_tree, page_start, page_end, GFP_NOFS);
loop_unlock:
@@ -774,7 +775,8 @@ loop_unlock:
page_cache_release(page);
mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
- balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited_nr(inode->i_mapping, 1);
+ if (dirtied)
+ balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited_nr(inode->i_mapping, 1);
i++;
}
--- linux-writeback.orig/fs/btrfs/relocation.c 2011-01-20 21:20:20.000000000 +0800
+++ linux-writeback/fs/btrfs/relocation.c 2011-01-20 21:33:14.000000000 +0800
@@ -2894,6 +2894,7 @@ static int relocate_file_extent_cluster(
struct file_ra_state *ra;
int nr = 0;
int ret = 0;
+ int dirtied;
if (!cluster->nr)
return 0;
@@ -2970,7 +2971,7 @@ static int relocate_file_extent_cluster(
}
btrfs_set_extent_delalloc(inode, page_start, page_end, NULL);
- set_page_dirty(page);
+ dirtied = set_page_dirty(page);
unlock_extent(&BTRFS_I(inode)->io_tree,
page_start, page_end, GFP_NOFS);
@@ -2978,7 +2979,8 @@ static int relocate_file_extent_cluster(
page_cache_release(page);
index++;
- balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited(inode->i_mapping);
+ if (dirtied)
+ balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited(inode->i_mapping);
btrfs_throttle(BTRFS_I(inode)->root);
}
WARN_ON(nr != cluster->nr);
--- linux-writeback.orig/fs/btrfs/disk-io.c 2011-01-20 21:21:33.000000000 +0800
+++ linux-writeback/fs/btrfs/disk-io.c 2011-01-20 21:33:14.000000000 +0800
@@ -612,6 +612,7 @@ int btrfs_wq_submit_bio(struct btrfs_fs_
extent_submit_bio_hook_t *submit_bio_done)
{
struct async_submit_bio *async;
+ int limit;
async = kmalloc(sizeof(*async), GFP_NOFS);
if (!async)
@@ -639,6 +640,12 @@ int btrfs_wq_submit_bio(struct btrfs_fs_
btrfs_queue_worker(&fs_info->workers, &async->work);
+ limit = btrfs_async_submit_limit(fs_info);
+
+ if (atomic_read(&fs_info->nr_async_bios) > limit)
+ wait_event(fs_info->async_submit_wait,
+ (atomic_read(&fs_info->nr_async_bios) < limit));
+
while (atomic_read(&fs_info->async_submit_draining) &&
atomic_read(&fs_info->nr_async_submits)) {
wait_event(fs_info->async_submit_wait,
--- linux-writeback.orig/fs/nfs/file.c 2011-01-20 21:20:20.000000000 +0800
+++ linux-writeback/fs/nfs/file.c 2011-01-20 21:33:17.000000000 +0800
@@ -392,15 +392,6 @@ static int nfs_write_begin(struct file *
IOMODE_RW);
start:
- /*
- * Prevent starvation issues if someone is doing a consistency
- * sync-to-disk
- */
- ret = wait_on_bit(&NFS_I(mapping->host)->flags, NFS_INO_FLUSHING,
- nfs_wait_bit_killable, TASK_KILLABLE);
- if (ret)
- return ret;
-
page = grab_cache_page_write_begin(mapping, index, flags);
if (!page)
return -ENOMEM;
--- linux-writeback.orig/fs/nfs/write.c 2011-01-20 21:20:20.000000000 +0800
+++ linux-writeback/fs/nfs/write.c 2011-01-20 21:33:25.000000000 +0800
@@ -29,6 +29,9 @@
#include "nfs4_fs.h"
#include "fscache.h"
+#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
+#include <trace/events/nfs.h>
+
#define NFSDBG_FACILITY NFSDBG_PAGECACHE
#define MIN_POOL_WRITE (32)
@@ -185,11 +188,68 @@ static int wb_priority(struct writeback_
* NFS congestion control
*/
+#define NFS_WAIT_PAGES (1024L >> (PAGE_SHIFT - 10))
int nfs_congestion_kb;
-#define NFS_CONGESTION_ON_THRESH (nfs_congestion_kb >> (PAGE_SHIFT-10))
-#define NFS_CONGESTION_OFF_THRESH \
- (NFS_CONGESTION_ON_THRESH - (NFS_CONGESTION_ON_THRESH >> 2))
+/*
+ * SYNC requests will block on (2*limit) and wakeup on (2*limit-NFS_WAIT_PAGES)
+ * ASYNC requests will block on (limit) and wakeup on (limit - NFS_WAIT_PAGES)
+ * In this way SYNC writes will never be blocked by ASYNC ones.
+ */
+
+static void nfs_set_congested(long nr, struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
+{
+ long limit = nfs_congestion_kb >> (PAGE_SHIFT - 10);
+
+ if (nr > limit && !test_bit(BDI_async_congested, &bdi->state))
+ set_bdi_congested(bdi, BLK_RW_ASYNC);
+ else if (nr > 2 * limit && !test_bit(BDI_sync_congested, &bdi->state))
+ set_bdi_congested(bdi, BLK_RW_SYNC);
+}
+
+static void nfs_wait_contested(int is_sync,
+ struct backing_dev_info *bdi,
+ wait_queue_head_t *wqh)
+{
+ int waitbit = is_sync ? BDI_sync_congested : BDI_async_congested;
+ DEFINE_WAIT(wait);
+
+ if (!test_bit(waitbit, &bdi->state))
+ return;
+
+ for (;;) {
+ prepare_to_wait(&wqh[is_sync], &wait, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
+ if (!test_bit(waitbit, &bdi->state))
+ break;
+
+ io_schedule();
+ }
+ finish_wait(&wqh[is_sync], &wait);
+}
+
+static void nfs_wakeup_congested(long nr,
+ struct backing_dev_info *bdi,
+ wait_queue_head_t *wqh)
+{
+ long limit = nfs_congestion_kb >> (PAGE_SHIFT - 10);
+
+ if (nr < 2 * limit - min(limit / 8, NFS_WAIT_PAGES)) {
+ if (test_bit(BDI_sync_congested, &bdi->state)) {
+ clear_bdi_congested(bdi, BLK_RW_SYNC);
+ smp_mb__after_clear_bit();
+ }
+ if (waitqueue_active(&wqh[BLK_RW_SYNC]))
+ wake_up(&wqh[BLK_RW_SYNC]);
+ }
+ if (nr < limit - min(limit / 8, NFS_WAIT_PAGES)) {
+ if (test_bit(BDI_async_congested, &bdi->state)) {
+ clear_bdi_congested(bdi, BLK_RW_ASYNC);
+ smp_mb__after_clear_bit();
+ }
+ if (waitqueue_active(&wqh[BLK_RW_ASYNC]))
+ wake_up(&wqh[BLK_RW_ASYNC]);
+ }
+}
static int nfs_set_page_writeback(struct page *page)
{
@@ -200,11 +260,8 @@ static int nfs_set_page_writeback(struct
struct nfs_server *nfss = NFS_SERVER(inode);
page_cache_get(page);
- if (atomic_long_inc_return(&nfss->writeback) >
- NFS_CONGESTION_ON_THRESH) {
- set_bdi_congested(&nfss->backing_dev_info,
- BLK_RW_ASYNC);
- }
+ nfs_set_congested(atomic_long_inc_return(&nfss->writeback),
+ &nfss->backing_dev_info);
}
return ret;
}
@@ -216,8 +273,10 @@ static void nfs_end_page_writeback(struc
end_page_writeback(page);
page_cache_release(page);
- if (atomic_long_dec_return(&nfss->writeback) < NFS_CONGESTION_OFF_THRESH)
- clear_bdi_congested(&nfss->backing_dev_info, BLK_RW_ASYNC);
+
+ nfs_wakeup_congested(atomic_long_dec_return(&nfss->writeback),
+ &nfss->backing_dev_info,
+ nfss->writeback_wait);
}
static struct nfs_page *nfs_find_and_lock_request(struct page *page, bool nonblock)
@@ -318,45 +377,49 @@ static int nfs_writepage_locked(struct p
int nfs_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc)
{
+ struct inode *inode = page->mapping->host;
+ struct nfs_server *nfss = NFS_SERVER(inode);
int ret;
ret = nfs_writepage_locked(page, wbc);
unlock_page(page);
+
+ nfs_wait_contested(wbc->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_ALL,
+ &nfss->backing_dev_info,
+ nfss->writeback_wait);
+
return ret;
}
-static int nfs_writepages_callback(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc, void *data)
+static int nfs_writepages_callback(struct page *page,
+ struct writeback_control *wbc, void *data)
{
+ struct inode *inode = page->mapping->host;
+ struct nfs_server *nfss = NFS_SERVER(inode);
int ret;
ret = nfs_do_writepage(page, wbc, data);
unlock_page(page);
+
+ nfs_wait_contested(wbc->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_ALL,
+ &nfss->backing_dev_info,
+ nfss->writeback_wait);
+
return ret;
}
int nfs_writepages(struct address_space *mapping, struct writeback_control *wbc)
{
struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
- unsigned long *bitlock = &NFS_I(inode)->flags;
struct nfs_pageio_descriptor pgio;
int err;
- /* Stop dirtying of new pages while we sync */
- err = wait_on_bit_lock(bitlock, NFS_INO_FLUSHING,
- nfs_wait_bit_killable, TASK_KILLABLE);
- if (err)
- goto out_err;
-
nfs_inc_stats(inode, NFSIOS_VFSWRITEPAGES);
nfs_pageio_init_write(&pgio, inode, wb_priority(wbc));
err = write_cache_pages(mapping, wbc, nfs_writepages_callback, &pgio);
nfs_pageio_complete(&pgio);
- clear_bit_unlock(NFS_INO_FLUSHING, bitlock);
- smp_mb__after_clear_bit();
- wake_up_bit(bitlock, NFS_INO_FLUSHING);
-
if (err < 0)
goto out_err;
err = pgio.pg_error;
@@ -1244,7 +1307,7 @@ static void nfs_commitdata_release(void
*/
static int nfs_commit_rpcsetup(struct list_head *head,
struct nfs_write_data *data,
- int how)
+ int how, pgoff_t offset, pgoff_t count)
{
struct nfs_page *first = nfs_list_entry(head->next);
struct inode *inode = first->wb_context->path.dentry->d_inode;
@@ -1276,8 +1339,8 @@ static int nfs_commit_rpcsetup(struct li
data->args.fh = NFS_FH(data->inode);
/* Note: we always request a commit of the entire inode */
- data->args.offset = 0;
- data->args.count = 0;
+ data->args.offset = offset;
+ data->args.count = count;
data->args.context = get_nfs_open_context(first->wb_context);
data->res.count = 0;
data->res.fattr = &data->fattr;
@@ -1300,7 +1363,8 @@ static int nfs_commit_rpcsetup(struct li
* Commit dirty pages
*/
static int
-nfs_commit_list(struct inode *inode, struct list_head *head, int how)
+nfs_commit_list(struct inode *inode, struct list_head *head, int how,
+ pgoff_t offset, pgoff_t count)
{
struct nfs_write_data *data;
struct nfs_page *req;
@@ -1311,7 +1375,7 @@ nfs_commit_list(struct inode *inode, str
goto out_bad;
/* Set up the argument struct */
- return nfs_commit_rpcsetup(head, data, how);
+ return nfs_commit_rpcsetup(head, data, how, offset, count);
out_bad:
while (!list_empty(head)) {
req = nfs_list_entry(head->next);
@@ -1379,6 +1443,9 @@ static void nfs_commit_release(void *cal
nfs_clear_page_tag_locked(req);
}
nfs_commit_clear_lock(NFS_I(data->inode));
+ trace_nfs_commit_release(data->inode,
+ data->args.offset,
+ data->args.count);
nfs_commitdata_release(calldata);
}
@@ -1393,6 +1460,8 @@ static const struct rpc_call_ops nfs_com
int nfs_commit_inode(struct inode *inode, int how)
{
LIST_HEAD(head);
+ pgoff_t first_index;
+ pgoff_t last_index;
int may_wait = how & FLUSH_SYNC;
int res = 0;
@@ -1400,9 +1469,14 @@ int nfs_commit_inode(struct inode *inode
goto out_mark_dirty;
spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
res = nfs_scan_commit(inode, &head, 0, 0);
+ if (res) {
+ first_index = nfs_list_entry(head.next)->wb_index;
+ last_index = nfs_list_entry(head.prev)->wb_index;
+ }
spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
if (res) {
- int error = nfs_commit_list(inode, &head, how);
+ int error = nfs_commit_list(inode, &head, how, first_index,
+ last_index - first_index + 1);
if (error < 0)
return error;
if (may_wait)
@@ -1432,9 +1506,10 @@ static int nfs_commit_unstable_pages(str
if (wbc->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_NONE) {
/* Don't commit yet if this is a non-blocking flush and there
- * are a lot of outstanding writes for this mapping.
+ * are a lot of outstanding writes for this mapping, until
+ * collected enough pages to commit.
*/
- if (nfsi->ncommit <= (nfsi->npages >> 1))
+ if (nfsi->ncommit <= nfsi->npages / TASK_SOFT_DIRTY_LIMIT)
goto out_mark_dirty;
/* don't wait for the COMMIT response */
@@ -1443,17 +1518,15 @@ static int nfs_commit_unstable_pages(str
ret = nfs_commit_inode(inode, flags);
if (ret >= 0) {
- if (wbc->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_NONE) {
- if (ret < wbc->nr_to_write)
- wbc->nr_to_write -= ret;
- else
- wbc->nr_to_write = 0;
- }
- return 0;
+ wbc->nr_to_write -= ret;
+ goto out;
}
+
out_mark_dirty:
__mark_inode_dirty(inode, I_DIRTY_DATASYNC);
- return ret;
+out:
+ trace_nfs_commit_unstable_pages(inode, wbc, flags, ret);
+ return ret >= 0 ? 0 : ret;
}
#else
static int nfs_commit_unstable_pages(struct inode *inode, struct writeback_control *wbc)
@@ -1582,6 +1655,9 @@ out:
int __init nfs_init_writepagecache(void)
{
+ unsigned long background_thresh;
+ unsigned long dirty_thresh;
+
nfs_wdata_cachep = kmem_cache_create("nfs_write_data",
sizeof(struct nfs_write_data),
0, SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN,
@@ -1619,6 +1695,16 @@ int __init nfs_init_writepagecache(void)
if (nfs_congestion_kb > 256*1024)
nfs_congestion_kb = 256*1024;
+ /*
+ * Limit to 1/8 dirty threshold, so that writeback+in_commit pages
+ * won't overnumber dirty+to_commit pages.
+ */
+ global_dirty_limits(&background_thresh, &dirty_thresh);
+ dirty_thresh <<= PAGE_SHIFT - 10;
+
+ if (nfs_congestion_kb > dirty_thresh / 8)
+ nfs_congestion_kb = dirty_thresh / 8;
+
return 0;
}
--- linux-writeback.orig/include/linux/nfs_fs.h 2011-01-20 21:21:33.000000000 +0800
+++ linux-writeback/include/linux/nfs_fs.h 2011-01-20 21:33:22.000000000 +0800
@@ -215,7 +215,6 @@ struct nfs_inode {
#define NFS_INO_ADVISE_RDPLUS (0) /* advise readdirplus */
#define NFS_INO_STALE (1) /* possible stale inode */
#define NFS_INO_ACL_LRU_SET (2) /* Inode is on the LRU list */
-#define NFS_INO_FLUSHING (4) /* inode is flushing out data */
#define NFS_INO_FSCACHE (5) /* inode can be cached by FS-Cache */
#define NFS_INO_FSCACHE_LOCK (6) /* FS-Cache cookie management lock */
#define NFS_INO_COMMIT (7) /* inode is committing unstable writes */
--- linux-writeback.orig/include/linux/nfs_fs_sb.h 2011-01-20 21:21:33.000000000 +0800
+++ linux-writeback/include/linux/nfs_fs_sb.h 2011-01-20 21:33:24.000000000 +0800
@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ struct nfs_server {
struct nfs_iostats __percpu *io_stats; /* I/O statistics */
struct backing_dev_info backing_dev_info;
atomic_long_t writeback; /* number of writeback pages */
+ wait_queue_head_t writeback_wait[2];
int flags; /* various flags */
unsigned int caps; /* server capabilities */
unsigned int rsize; /* read size */
--- linux-writeback.orig/fs/nfs/client.c 2011-01-20 21:21:33.000000000 +0800
+++ linux-writeback/fs/nfs/client.c 2011-01-20 21:33:24.000000000 +0800
@@ -1042,6 +1042,8 @@ static struct nfs_server *nfs_alloc_serv
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&server->delegations);
atomic_set(&server->active, 0);
+ init_waitqueue_head(&server->writeback_wait[BLK_RW_SYNC]);
+ init_waitqueue_head(&server->writeback_wait[BLK_RW_ASYNC]);
server->io_stats = nfs_alloc_iostats();
if (!server->io_stats) {
--- /dev/null 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000
+++ linux-writeback/include/trace/events/nfs.h 2011-01-20 21:33:25.000000000 +0800
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+#undef TRACE_SYSTEM
+#define TRACE_SYSTEM nfs
+
+#if !defined(_TRACE_NFS_H) || defined(TRACE_HEADER_MULTI_READ)
+#define _TRACE_NFS_H
+
+#include <linux/nfs_fs.h>
+
+
+TRACE_EVENT(nfs_commit_unstable_pages,
+
+ TP_PROTO(struct inode *inode,
+ struct writeback_control *wbc,
+ int sync,
+ int ret
+ ),
+
+ TP_ARGS(inode, wbc, sync, ret),
+
+ TP_STRUCT__entry(
+ __array(char, name, 32)
+ __field(unsigned long, ino)
+ __field(unsigned long, npages)
+ __field(unsigned long, to_commit)
+ __field(unsigned long, write_chunk)
+ __field(int, sync)
+ __field(int, ret)
+ ),
+
+ TP_fast_assign(
+ strncpy(__entry->name,
+ dev_name(inode->i_mapping->backing_dev_info->dev), 32);
+ __entry->ino = inode->i_ino;
+ __entry->npages = NFS_I(inode)->npages;
+ __entry->to_commit = NFS_I(inode)->ncommit;
+ __entry->write_chunk = wbc->per_file_limit;
+ __entry->sync = sync;
+ __entry->ret = ret;
+ ),
+
+ TP_printk("bdi %s: ino=%lu npages=%ld tocommit=%lu "
+ "write_chunk=%lu sync=%d ret=%d",
+ __entry->name,
+ __entry->ino,
+ __entry->npages,
+ __entry->to_commit,
+ __entry->write_chunk,
+ __entry->sync,
+ __entry->ret
+ )
+);
+
+TRACE_EVENT(nfs_commit_release,
+
+ TP_PROTO(struct inode *inode,
+ unsigned long offset,
+ unsigned long len),
+
+ TP_ARGS(inode, offset, len),
+
+ TP_STRUCT__entry(
+ __array(char, name, 32)
+ __field(unsigned long, ino)
+ __field(unsigned long, offset)
+ __field(unsigned long, len)
+ ),
+
+ TP_fast_assign(
+ strncpy(__entry->name,
+ dev_name(inode->i_mapping->backing_dev_info->dev), 32);
+ __entry->ino = inode->i_ino;
+ __entry->offset = offset;
+ __entry->len = len;
+ ),
+
+ TP_printk("bdi %s: ino=%lu offset=%lu len=%lu",
+ __entry->name,
+ __entry->ino,
+ __entry->offset,
+ __entry->len
+ )
+);
+
+
+#endif /* _TRACE_NFS_H */
+
+/* This part must be outside protection */
+#include <trace/define_trace.h>
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 5+ messages in thread