[PATCH v3 bpf-next 00/10] Harden and extend ELF build ID parsing logic

[PATCH v3 bpf-next 00/10] Harden and extend ELF build ID parsing logic

[Andrii Nakryiko]

The goal of this patch set is to extend existing ELF build ID parsing logic,
currently mostly used by BPF subsystem, with support for working in sleepable
mode in which memory faults are allowed and can be relied upon to fetch
relevant parts of ELF file to find and fetch .note.gnu.build-id information.

This is useful and important for BPF subsystem itself, but also for
PROCMAP_QUERY ioctl(), built atop of /proc/<pid>/maps functionality (see [0]),
which makes use of the same build_id_parse() functionality. PROCMAP_QUERY is
always called from sleepable user process context, so it doesn't have to
suffer from current restrictions of build_id_parse() which are due to the NMI
context assumption.

Along the way, we harden the logic to avoid TOCTOU problems. This is the very
first patch, which can be backported to older releases, if necessary.

We also lift existing limitations of only working as long as ELF program
headers and build ID note section is contained strictly within the very first
page of ELF file.

We achieve all of the above without duplication of logic between sleepable and
non-sleepable modes through freader abstraction that manages underlying page
cache page (on demand) and giving a simple to use direct memory access
interface. With that, single page restrictions and adding sleepable mode
support is rather straightforward.

We also extend existing set of BPF selftests with a few tests targeting build
ID logic across sleepable and non-sleepabe contexts (we utilize sleepable and
non-sleepable uprobes for that).

   [0] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20240627170900.1672542-4-andrii@kernel.org/

v2->v3:
  - remove unneeded READ_ONCE()s and force phoff to u64 for 32-bit mode (Andi);
  - moved hardening fixes to the front for easier backporting (Jann);
  - call freader_cleanup() from build_id_parse_buf() for consistency (Jiri);
v1->v2:
  - ensure MADV_PAGEOUT works reliably by paging data in first (Shakeel);
  - to fix BPF CI build optionally define MADV_POPULATE_READ in selftest.

Andrii Nakryiko (10):
  lib/buildid: harden build ID parsing logic
  lib/buildid: add single page-based file reader abstraction
  lib/buildid: take into account e_phoff when fetching program headers
  lib/buildid: remove single-page limit for PHDR search
  lib/buildid: rename build_id_parse() into build_id_parse_nofault()
  lib/buildid: implement sleepable build_id_parse() API
  lib/buildid: don't limit .note.gnu.build-id to the first page in ELF
  bpf: decouple stack_map_get_build_id_offset() from
    perf_callchain_entry
  bpf: wire up sleepable bpf_get_stack() and bpf_get_task_stack()
    helpers
  selftests/bpf: add build ID tests

 include/linux/bpf.h                           |   2 +
 include/linux/buildid.h                       |   4 +-
 kernel/bpf/stackmap.c                         | 131 ++++--
 kernel/events/core.c                          |   2 +-
 kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c                      |   5 +-
 lib/buildid.c                                 | 385 +++++++++++++-----
 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/Makefile          |   5 +-
 .../selftests/bpf/prog_tests/build_id.c       | 118 ++++++
 .../selftests/bpf/progs/test_build_id.c       |  31 ++
 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/uprobe_multi.c    |  41 ++
 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/uprobe_multi.ld   |  11 +
 11 files changed, 594 insertions(+), 141 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/build_id.c
 create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_build_id.c
 create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/uprobe_multi.ld

-- 
2.43.0

[PATCH v3 bpf-next 01/10] lib/buildid: harden build ID parsing logic

[Andrii Nakryiko]

Harden build ID parsing logic, adding explicit READ_ONCE() where it's
important to have a consistent value read and validated just once.

Fixes tag below points to the code that moved this code into
lib/buildid.c, and then subsequently was used in perf subsystem, making
this code exposed to perf_event_open() users in v5.12+.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Suggested-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Fixes: bd7525dacd7e ("bpf: Move stack_map_get_build_id into lib")
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
---
 lib/buildid.c | 51 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------------
 1 file changed, 27 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/buildid.c b/lib/buildid.c
index e02b5507418b..d21d86f6c19a 100644
--- a/lib/buildid.c
+++ b/lib/buildid.c
@@ -18,28 +18,29 @@ static int parse_build_id_buf(unsigned char *build_id,
 			      const void *note_start,
 			      Elf32_Word note_size)
 {
+	const char note_name[] = "GNU";
+	const size_t note_name_sz = sizeof(note_name);
 	Elf32_Word note_offs = 0, new_offs;
+	u32 name_sz, desc_sz;
+	const char *data;
 
 	while (note_offs + sizeof(Elf32_Nhdr) < note_size) {
 		Elf32_Nhdr *nhdr = (Elf32_Nhdr *)(note_start + note_offs);
 
+		name_sz = READ_ONCE(nhdr->n_namesz);
+		desc_sz = READ_ONCE(nhdr->n_descsz);
 		if (nhdr->n_type == BUILD_ID &&
-		    nhdr->n_namesz == sizeof("GNU") &&
-		    !strcmp((char *)(nhdr + 1), "GNU") &&
-		    nhdr->n_descsz > 0 &&
-		    nhdr->n_descsz <= BUILD_ID_SIZE_MAX) {
-			memcpy(build_id,
-			       note_start + note_offs +
-			       ALIGN(sizeof("GNU"), 4) + sizeof(Elf32_Nhdr),
-			       nhdr->n_descsz);
-			memset(build_id + nhdr->n_descsz, 0,
-			       BUILD_ID_SIZE_MAX - nhdr->n_descsz);
+		    name_sz == note_name_sz &&
+		    strcmp((char *)(nhdr + 1), note_name) == 0 &&
+		    desc_sz > 0 && desc_sz <= BUILD_ID_SIZE_MAX) {
+			data = note_start + note_offs + ALIGN(note_name_sz, 4);
+			memcpy(build_id, data, desc_sz);
+			memset(build_id + desc_sz, 0, BUILD_ID_SIZE_MAX - desc_sz);
 			if (size)
-				*size = nhdr->n_descsz;
+				*size = desc_sz;
 			return 0;
 		}
-		new_offs = note_offs + sizeof(Elf32_Nhdr) +
-			ALIGN(nhdr->n_namesz, 4) + ALIGN(nhdr->n_descsz, 4);
+		new_offs = note_offs + sizeof(Elf32_Nhdr) + ALIGN(name_sz, 4) + ALIGN(desc_sz, 4);
 		if (new_offs <= note_offs)  /* overflow */
 			break;
 		note_offs = new_offs;
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ static int get_build_id_32(const void *page_addr, unsigned char *build_id,
 {
 	Elf32_Ehdr *ehdr = (Elf32_Ehdr *)page_addr;
 	Elf32_Phdr *phdr;
-	int i;
+	__u32 i, phnum;
 
 	/*
 	 * FIXME
@@ -80,9 +81,10 @@ static int get_build_id_32(const void *page_addr, unsigned char *build_id,
 	 */
 	if (ehdr->e_phoff != sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr))
 		return -EINVAL;
+
+	phnum = READ_ONCE(ehdr->e_phnum);
 	/* only supports phdr that fits in one page */
-	if (ehdr->e_phnum >
-	    (PAGE_SIZE - sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr)) / sizeof(Elf32_Phdr))
+	if (phnum > (PAGE_SIZE - sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr)) / sizeof(Elf32_Phdr))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 	phdr = (Elf32_Phdr *)(page_addr + sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr));
@@ -90,8 +92,8 @@ static int get_build_id_32(const void *page_addr, unsigned char *build_id,
 	for (i = 0; i < ehdr->e_phnum; ++i) {
 		if (phdr[i].p_type == PT_NOTE &&
 		    !parse_build_id(page_addr, build_id, size,
-				    page_addr + phdr[i].p_offset,
-				    phdr[i].p_filesz))
+				    page_addr + READ_ONCE(phdr[i].p_offset),
+				    READ_ONCE(phdr[i].p_filesz)))
 			return 0;
 	}
 	return -EINVAL;
@@ -103,7 +105,7 @@ static int get_build_id_64(const void *page_addr, unsigned char *build_id,
 {
 	Elf64_Ehdr *ehdr = (Elf64_Ehdr *)page_addr;
 	Elf64_Phdr *phdr;
-	int i;
+	__u32 i, phnum;
 
 	/*
 	 * FIXME
@@ -112,18 +114,19 @@ static int get_build_id_64(const void *page_addr, unsigned char *build_id,
 	 */
 	if (ehdr->e_phoff != sizeof(Elf64_Ehdr))
 		return -EINVAL;
+
+	phnum = READ_ONCE(ehdr->e_phnum);
 	/* only supports phdr that fits in one page */
-	if (ehdr->e_phnum >
-	    (PAGE_SIZE - sizeof(Elf64_Ehdr)) / sizeof(Elf64_Phdr))
+	if (phnum > (PAGE_SIZE - sizeof(Elf64_Ehdr)) / sizeof(Elf64_Phdr))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 	phdr = (Elf64_Phdr *)(page_addr + sizeof(Elf64_Ehdr));
 
-	for (i = 0; i < ehdr->e_phnum; ++i) {
+	for (i = 0; i < phnum; ++i) {
 		if (phdr[i].p_type == PT_NOTE &&
 		    !parse_build_id(page_addr, build_id, size,
-				    page_addr + phdr[i].p_offset,
-				    phdr[i].p_filesz))
+				    page_addr + READ_ONCE(phdr[i].p_offset),
+				    READ_ONCE(phdr[i].p_filesz)))
 			return 0;
 	}
 	return -EINVAL;
-- 
2.43.0

[PATCH v3 bpf-next 02/10] lib/buildid: add single page-based file reader abstraction

[Andrii Nakryiko]

Add freader abstraction that transparently manages fetching and local
mapping of the underlying file page(s) and provides a simple direct data
access interface.

freader_fetch() is the only and single interface necessary. It accepts
file offset and desired number of bytes that should be accessed, and
will return a kernel mapped pointer that caller can use to dereference
data up to requested size. Requested size can't be bigger than the size
of the extra buffer provided during initialization (because, worst case,
all requested data has to be copied into it, so it's better to flag
wrongly sized buffer unconditionally, regardless if requested data range
is crossing page boundaries or not).

If page is not paged in, or some of the conditions are not satisfied,
NULL is returned and more detailed error code can be accessed through
freader->err field. This approach makes the usage of freader_fetch()
cleaner.

To accommodate accessing file data that crosses page boundaries, user
has to provide an extra buffer that will be used to make a local copy,
if necessary. This is done to maintain a simple linear pointer data
access interface.

We switch existing build ID parsing logic to it, without changing or
lifting any of the existing constraints, yet. This will be done
separately.

Given existing code was written with the assumption that it's always
working with a single (first) page of the underlying ELF file, logic
passes direct pointers around, which doesn't really work well with
freader approach and would be limiting when removing the single page
limitation. So we adjust all the logic to work in terms of file offsets.

There is also a memory buffer-based version (freader_init_from_mem())
for cases when desired data is already available in kernel memory. This
is used for parsing vmlinux's own build ID note. In this mode assumption
is that provided data starts at "file offset" zero, which works great
when parsing ELF notes sections, as all the parsing logic is relative to
note section's start.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
---
 lib/buildid.c | 255 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 207 insertions(+), 48 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/buildid.c b/lib/buildid.c
index d21d86f6c19a..522850f827a5 100644
--- a/lib/buildid.c
+++ b/lib/buildid.c
@@ -8,24 +8,153 @@
 
 #define BUILD_ID 3
 
+struct freader {
+	void *buf;
+	u32 buf_sz;
+	int err;
+	union {
+		struct {
+			struct address_space *mapping;
+			struct page *page;
+			void *page_addr;
+			u64 file_off;
+		};
+		struct {
+			const char *data;
+			u64 data_sz;
+		};
+	};
+};
+
+static void freader_init_from_file(struct freader *r, void *buf, u32 buf_sz,
+				   struct address_space *mapping)
+{
+	memset(r, 0, sizeof(*r));
+	r->buf = buf;
+	r->buf_sz = buf_sz;
+	r->mapping = mapping;
+}
+
+static void freader_init_from_mem(struct freader *r, const char *data, u64 data_sz)
+{
+	memset(r, 0, sizeof(*r));
+	r->data = data;
+	r->data_sz = data_sz;
+}
+
+static void freader_put_page(struct freader *r)
+{
+	if (!r->page)
+		return;
+	kunmap_local(r->page_addr);
+	put_page(r->page);
+	r->page = NULL;
+}
+
+static int freader_get_page(struct freader *r, u64 file_off)
+{
+	pgoff_t pg_off = file_off >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+
+	freader_put_page(r);
+
+	r->page = find_get_page(r->mapping, pg_off);
+	if (!r->page)
+		return -EFAULT;	/* page not mapped */
+
+	r->page_addr = kmap_local_page(r->page);
+	r->file_off = file_off & PAGE_MASK;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static const void *freader_fetch(struct freader *r, u64 file_off, size_t sz)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	/* provided internal temporary buffer should be sized correctly */
+	if (WARN_ON(r->buf && sz > r->buf_sz)) {
+		r->err = -E2BIG;
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (unlikely(file_off + sz < file_off)) {
+		r->err = -EOVERFLOW;
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	/* working with memory buffer is much more straightforward */
+	if (!r->buf) {
+		if (file_off + sz > r->data_sz) {
+			r->err = -ERANGE;
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		return r->data + file_off;
+	}
+
+	/* check if we need to fetch a different page first */
+	if (!r->page || file_off < r->file_off || file_off >= r->file_off + PAGE_SIZE) {
+		err = freader_get_page(r, file_off);
+		if (err) {
+			r->err = err;
+			return NULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* if requested data is crossing page boundaries, we have to copy
+	 * everything into our local buffer to keep a simple linear memory
+	 * access interface
+	 */
+	if (file_off + sz > r->file_off + PAGE_SIZE) {
+		int part_sz = r->file_off + PAGE_SIZE - file_off;
+
+		/* copy the part that resides in the current page */
+		memcpy(r->buf, r->page_addr + (file_off - r->file_off), part_sz);
+
+		/* fetch next page */
+		err = freader_get_page(r, r->file_off + PAGE_SIZE);
+		if (err) {
+			r->err = err;
+			return NULL;
+		}
+
+		/* copy the rest of requested data */
+		memcpy(r->buf + part_sz, r->page_addr, sz - part_sz);
+
+		return r->buf;
+	}
+
+	/* if data fits in a single page, just return direct pointer */
+	return r->page_addr + (file_off - r->file_off);
+}
+
+static void freader_cleanup(struct freader *r)
+{
+	if (!r->buf)
+		return; /* non-file-backed mode */
+
+	freader_put_page(r);
+}
+
 /*
  * Parse build id from the note segment. This logic can be shared between
  * 32-bit and 64-bit system, because Elf32_Nhdr and Elf64_Nhdr are
  * identical.
  */
-static int parse_build_id_buf(unsigned char *build_id,
-			      __u32 *size,
-			      const void *note_start,
-			      Elf32_Word note_size)
+static int parse_build_id_buf(struct freader *r,
+			      unsigned char *build_id, __u32 *size,
+			      u64 note_offs, Elf32_Word note_size)
 {
 	const char note_name[] = "GNU";
 	const size_t note_name_sz = sizeof(note_name);
-	Elf32_Word note_offs = 0, new_offs;
+	const Elf32_Nhdr *nhdr;
+	u64 build_id_off, new_offs, note_end = note_offs + note_size;
 	u32 name_sz, desc_sz;
 	const char *data;
 
-	while (note_offs + sizeof(Elf32_Nhdr) < note_size) {
-		Elf32_Nhdr *nhdr = (Elf32_Nhdr *)(note_start + note_offs);
+	while (note_offs + sizeof(Elf32_Nhdr) < note_end) {
+		nhdr = freader_fetch(r, note_offs, sizeof(Elf32_Nhdr) + note_name_sz);
+		if (!nhdr)
+			return r->err;
 
 		name_sz = READ_ONCE(nhdr->n_namesz);
 		desc_sz = READ_ONCE(nhdr->n_descsz);
@@ -33,7 +162,13 @@ static int parse_build_id_buf(unsigned char *build_id,
 		    name_sz == note_name_sz &&
 		    strcmp((char *)(nhdr + 1), note_name) == 0 &&
 		    desc_sz > 0 && desc_sz <= BUILD_ID_SIZE_MAX) {
-			data = note_start + note_offs + ALIGN(note_name_sz, 4);
+			build_id_off = note_offs + sizeof(Elf32_Nhdr) + ALIGN(note_name_sz, 4);
+
+			/* freader_fetch() will invalidate nhdr pointer */
+			data = freader_fetch(r, build_id_off, desc_sz);
+			if (!data)
+				return r->err;
+
 			memcpy(build_id, data, desc_sz);
 			memset(build_id + desc_sz, 0, BUILD_ID_SIZE_MAX - desc_sz);
 			if (size)
@@ -49,30 +184,33 @@ static int parse_build_id_buf(unsigned char *build_id,
 	return -EINVAL;
 }
 
-static inline int parse_build_id(const void *page_addr,
+static inline int parse_build_id(struct freader *r,
 				 unsigned char *build_id,
 				 __u32 *size,
-				 const void *note_start,
+				 u64 note_start_off,
 				 Elf32_Word note_size)
 {
 	/* check for overflow */
-	if (note_start < page_addr || note_start + note_size < note_start)
+	if (note_start_off + note_size < note_start_off)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 	/* only supports note that fits in the first page */
-	if (note_start + note_size > page_addr + PAGE_SIZE)
+	if (note_start_off + note_size > PAGE_SIZE)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	return parse_build_id_buf(build_id, size, note_start, note_size);
+	return parse_build_id_buf(r, build_id, size, note_start_off, note_size);
 }
 
 /* Parse build ID from 32-bit ELF */
-static int get_build_id_32(const void *page_addr, unsigned char *build_id,
-			   __u32 *size)
+static int get_build_id_32(struct freader *r, unsigned char *build_id, __u32 *size)
 {
-	Elf32_Ehdr *ehdr = (Elf32_Ehdr *)page_addr;
-	Elf32_Phdr *phdr;
-	__u32 i, phnum;
+	const Elf32_Ehdr *ehdr;
+	const Elf32_Phdr *phdr;
+	__u32 phnum, i;
+
+	ehdr = freader_fetch(r, 0, sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr));
+	if (!ehdr)
+		return r->err;
 
 	/*
 	 * FIXME
@@ -82,30 +220,35 @@ static int get_build_id_32(const void *page_addr, unsigned char *build_id,
 	if (ehdr->e_phoff != sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
+	/* subsequent freader_fetch() calls invalidate pointers, so remember locally */
 	phnum = READ_ONCE(ehdr->e_phnum);
 	/* only supports phdr that fits in one page */
 	if (phnum > (PAGE_SIZE - sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr)) / sizeof(Elf32_Phdr))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	phdr = (Elf32_Phdr *)(page_addr + sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr));
+	for (i = 0; i < phnum; ++i) {
+		phdr = freader_fetch(r, i * sizeof(Elf32_Phdr), sizeof(Elf32_Phdr));
+		if (!phdr)
+			return r->err;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < ehdr->e_phnum; ++i) {
-		if (phdr[i].p_type == PT_NOTE &&
-		    !parse_build_id(page_addr, build_id, size,
-				    page_addr + READ_ONCE(phdr[i].p_offset),
-				    READ_ONCE(phdr[i].p_filesz)))
+		if (phdr->p_type == PT_NOTE &&
+		    !parse_build_id(r, build_id, size, READ_ONCE(phdr->p_offset),
+				    READ_ONCE(phdr->p_filesz)))
 			return 0;
 	}
 	return -EINVAL;
 }
 
 /* Parse build ID from 64-bit ELF */
-static int get_build_id_64(const void *page_addr, unsigned char *build_id,
-			   __u32 *size)
+static int get_build_id_64(struct freader *r, unsigned char *build_id, __u32 *size)
 {
-	Elf64_Ehdr *ehdr = (Elf64_Ehdr *)page_addr;
-	Elf64_Phdr *phdr;
-	__u32 i, phnum;
+	const Elf64_Ehdr *ehdr;
+	const Elf64_Phdr *phdr;
+	__u32 phnum, i;
+
+	ehdr = freader_fetch(r, 0, sizeof(Elf64_Ehdr));
+	if (!ehdr)
+		return r->err;
 
 	/*
 	 * FIXME
@@ -115,23 +258,29 @@ static int get_build_id_64(const void *page_addr, unsigned char *build_id,
 	if (ehdr->e_phoff != sizeof(Elf64_Ehdr))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
+	/* subsequent freader_fetch() calls invalidate pointers, so remember locally */
 	phnum = READ_ONCE(ehdr->e_phnum);
 	/* only supports phdr that fits in one page */
 	if (phnum > (PAGE_SIZE - sizeof(Elf64_Ehdr)) / sizeof(Elf64_Phdr))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	phdr = (Elf64_Phdr *)(page_addr + sizeof(Elf64_Ehdr));
-
 	for (i = 0; i < phnum; ++i) {
-		if (phdr[i].p_type == PT_NOTE &&
-		    !parse_build_id(page_addr, build_id, size,
-				    page_addr + READ_ONCE(phdr[i].p_offset),
-				    READ_ONCE(phdr[i].p_filesz)))
+		phdr = freader_fetch(r, i * sizeof(Elf64_Phdr), sizeof(Elf64_Phdr));
+		if (!phdr)
+			return r->err;
+
+		if (phdr->p_type == PT_NOTE &&
+		    !parse_build_id(r, build_id, size, READ_ONCE(phdr->p_offset),
+				    READ_ONCE(phdr->p_filesz)))
 			return 0;
 	}
+
 	return -EINVAL;
 }
 
+/* enough for Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Phdr, and all the smaller requests */
+#define MAX_FREADER_BUF_SZ 64
+
 /*
  * Parse build ID of ELF file mapped to vma
  * @vma:      vma object
@@ -143,22 +292,25 @@ static int get_build_id_64(const void *page_addr, unsigned char *build_id,
 int build_id_parse(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned char *build_id,
 		   __u32 *size)
 {
-	Elf32_Ehdr *ehdr;
-	struct page *page;
-	void *page_addr;
+	const Elf32_Ehdr *ehdr;
+	struct freader r;
+	char buf[MAX_FREADER_BUF_SZ];
 	int ret;
 
 	/* only works for page backed storage  */
 	if (!vma->vm_file)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	page = find_get_page(vma->vm_file->f_mapping, 0);
-	if (!page)
-		return -EFAULT;	/* page not mapped */
+	freader_init_from_file(&r, buf, sizeof(buf), vma->vm_file->f_mapping);
+
+	/* fetch first 18 bytes of ELF header for checks */
+	ehdr = freader_fetch(&r, 0, offsetofend(Elf32_Ehdr, e_type));
+	if (!ehdr) {
+		ret = r.err;
+		goto out;
+	}
 
 	ret = -EINVAL;
-	page_addr = kmap_local_page(page);
-	ehdr = (Elf32_Ehdr *)page_addr;
 
 	/* compare magic x7f "ELF" */
 	if (memcmp(ehdr->e_ident, ELFMAG, SELFMAG) != 0)
@@ -169,12 +321,11 @@ int build_id_parse(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned char *build_id,
 		goto out;
 
 	if (ehdr->e_ident[EI_CLASS] == ELFCLASS32)
-		ret = get_build_id_32(page_addr, build_id, size);
+		ret = get_build_id_32(&r, build_id, size);
 	else if (ehdr->e_ident[EI_CLASS] == ELFCLASS64)
-		ret = get_build_id_64(page_addr, build_id, size);
+		ret = get_build_id_64(&r, build_id, size);
 out:
-	kunmap_local(page_addr);
-	put_page(page);
+	freader_cleanup(&r);
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -188,7 +339,15 @@ int build_id_parse(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned char *build_id,
  */
 int build_id_parse_buf(const void *buf, unsigned char *build_id, u32 buf_size)
 {
-	return parse_build_id_buf(build_id, NULL, buf, buf_size);
+	struct freader r;
+	int err;
+
+	freader_init_from_mem(&r, buf, buf_size);
+
+	err = parse_build_id(&r, build_id, NULL, 0, buf_size);
+
+	freader_cleanup(&r);
+	return err;
 }
 
 #if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_STACKTRACE_BUILD_ID) || IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_VMCORE_INFO)
-- 
2.43.0

[PATCH v3 bpf-next 03/10] lib/buildid: take into account e_phoff when fetching program headers

[Andrii Nakryiko]

Current code assumption is that program (segment) headers are following
ELF header immediately. This is a common case, but is not guaranteed. So
take into account e_phoff field of the ELF header when accessing program
headers.

Reported-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
---
 lib/buildid.c | 26 ++++++++------------------
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/buildid.c b/lib/buildid.c
index 522850f827a5..ba453a3784d1 100644
--- a/lib/buildid.c
+++ b/lib/buildid.c
@@ -207,27 +207,22 @@ static int get_build_id_32(struct freader *r, unsigned char *build_id, __u32 *si
 	const Elf32_Ehdr *ehdr;
 	const Elf32_Phdr *phdr;
 	__u32 phnum, i;
+	__u64 phoff;
 
 	ehdr = freader_fetch(r, 0, sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr));
 	if (!ehdr)
 		return r->err;
 
-	/*
-	 * FIXME
-	 * Neither ELF spec nor ELF loader require that program headers
-	 * start immediately after ELF header.
-	 */
-	if (ehdr->e_phoff != sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr))
-		return -EINVAL;
-
 	/* subsequent freader_fetch() calls invalidate pointers, so remember locally */
 	phnum = READ_ONCE(ehdr->e_phnum);
+	phoff = READ_ONCE(ehdr->e_phoff);
+
 	/* only supports phdr that fits in one page */
 	if (phnum > (PAGE_SIZE - sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr)) / sizeof(Elf32_Phdr))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < phnum; ++i) {
-		phdr = freader_fetch(r, i * sizeof(Elf32_Phdr), sizeof(Elf32_Phdr));
+		phdr = freader_fetch(r, phoff + i * sizeof(Elf32_Phdr), sizeof(Elf32_Phdr));
 		if (!phdr)
 			return r->err;
 
@@ -245,27 +240,22 @@ static int get_build_id_64(struct freader *r, unsigned char *build_id, __u32 *si
 	const Elf64_Ehdr *ehdr;
 	const Elf64_Phdr *phdr;
 	__u32 phnum, i;
+	__u64 phoff;
 
 	ehdr = freader_fetch(r, 0, sizeof(Elf64_Ehdr));
 	if (!ehdr)
 		return r->err;
 
-	/*
-	 * FIXME
-	 * Neither ELF spec nor ELF loader require that program headers
-	 * start immediately after ELF header.
-	 */
-	if (ehdr->e_phoff != sizeof(Elf64_Ehdr))
-		return -EINVAL;
-
 	/* subsequent freader_fetch() calls invalidate pointers, so remember locally */
 	phnum = READ_ONCE(ehdr->e_phnum);
+	phoff = READ_ONCE(ehdr->e_phoff);
+
 	/* only supports phdr that fits in one page */
 	if (phnum > (PAGE_SIZE - sizeof(Elf64_Ehdr)) / sizeof(Elf64_Phdr))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < phnum; ++i) {
-		phdr = freader_fetch(r, i * sizeof(Elf64_Phdr), sizeof(Elf64_Phdr));
+		phdr = freader_fetch(r, phoff + i * sizeof(Elf64_Phdr), sizeof(Elf64_Phdr));
 		if (!phdr)
 			return r->err;
 
-- 
2.43.0

[PATCH v3 bpf-next 04/10] lib/buildid: remove single-page limit for PHDR search

[Andrii Nakryiko]

Now that freader allows to access multiple pages transparently, there is
no need to limit program headers to the very first ELF file page. Remove
this limitation, but still put some sane limit on amount of program
headers that we are willing to iterate over (set arbitrarily to 256).

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
---
 lib/buildid.c | 14 ++++++++------
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/buildid.c b/lib/buildid.c
index ba453a3784d1..095e79158b85 100644
--- a/lib/buildid.c
+++ b/lib/buildid.c
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
 
 #define BUILD_ID 3
 
+#define MAX_PHDR_CNT 256
+
 struct freader {
 	void *buf;
 	u32 buf_sz;
@@ -217,9 +219,9 @@ static int get_build_id_32(struct freader *r, unsigned char *build_id, __u32 *si
 	phnum = READ_ONCE(ehdr->e_phnum);
 	phoff = READ_ONCE(ehdr->e_phoff);
 
-	/* only supports phdr that fits in one page */
-	if (phnum > (PAGE_SIZE - sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr)) / sizeof(Elf32_Phdr))
-		return -EINVAL;
+	/* set upper bound on amount of segments (phdrs) we iterate */
+	if (phnum > MAX_PHDR_CNT)
+		phnum = MAX_PHDR_CNT;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < phnum; ++i) {
 		phdr = freader_fetch(r, phoff + i * sizeof(Elf32_Phdr), sizeof(Elf32_Phdr));
@@ -250,9 +252,9 @@ static int get_build_id_64(struct freader *r, unsigned char *build_id, __u32 *si
 	phnum = READ_ONCE(ehdr->e_phnum);
 	phoff = READ_ONCE(ehdr->e_phoff);
 
-	/* only supports phdr that fits in one page */
-	if (phnum > (PAGE_SIZE - sizeof(Elf64_Ehdr)) / sizeof(Elf64_Phdr))
-		return -EINVAL;
+	/* set upper bound on amount of segments (phdrs) we iterate */
+	if (phnum > MAX_PHDR_CNT)
+		phnum = MAX_PHDR_CNT;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < phnum; ++i) {
 		phdr = freader_fetch(r, phoff + i * sizeof(Elf64_Phdr), sizeof(Elf64_Phdr));
-- 
2.43.0

[PATCH v3 bpf-next 05/10] lib/buildid: rename build_id_parse() into build_id_parse_nofault()

[Andrii Nakryiko]

Make it clear that build_id_parse() assumes that it can take no page
fault by renaming it and current few users to build_id_parse_nofault().

Also add build_id_parse() stub which for now falls back to non-sleepable
implementation, but will be changed in subsequent patches to take
advantage of sleepable context. PROCMAP_QUERY ioctl() on
/proc/<pid>/maps file is using build_id_parse() and will automatically
take advantage of more reliable sleepable context implementation.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
---
 include/linux/buildid.h |  4 ++--
 kernel/bpf/stackmap.c   |  2 +-
 kernel/events/core.c    |  2 +-
 lib/buildid.c           | 25 ++++++++++++++++++++++---
 4 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/buildid.h b/include/linux/buildid.h
index 20aa3c2d89f7..014a88c41073 100644
--- a/include/linux/buildid.h
+++ b/include/linux/buildid.h
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
 #define BUILD_ID_SIZE_MAX 20
 
 struct vm_area_struct;
-int build_id_parse(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned char *build_id,
-		   __u32 *size);
+int build_id_parse(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned char *build_id, __u32 *size);
+int build_id_parse_nofault(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned char *build_id, __u32 *size);
 int build_id_parse_buf(const void *buf, unsigned char *build_id, u32 buf_size);
 
 #if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_STACKTRACE_BUILD_ID) || IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_VMCORE_INFO)
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/stackmap.c b/kernel/bpf/stackmap.c
index c99f8e5234ac..770ae8e88016 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/stackmap.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/stackmap.c
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ static void stack_map_get_build_id_offset(struct bpf_stack_build_id *id_offs,
 			goto build_id_valid;
 		}
 		vma = find_vma(current->mm, ips[i]);
-		if (!vma || build_id_parse(vma, id_offs[i].build_id, NULL)) {
+		if (!vma || build_id_parse_nofault(vma, id_offs[i].build_id, NULL)) {
 			/* per entry fall back to ips */
 			id_offs[i].status = BPF_STACK_BUILD_ID_IP;
 			id_offs[i].ip = ips[i];
diff --git a/kernel/events/core.c b/kernel/events/core.c
index aa3450bdc227..c263a8b0ce54 100644
--- a/kernel/events/core.c
+++ b/kernel/events/core.c
@@ -8851,7 +8851,7 @@ static void perf_event_mmap_event(struct perf_mmap_event *mmap_event)
 	mmap_event->event_id.header.size = sizeof(mmap_event->event_id) + size;
 
 	if (atomic_read(&nr_build_id_events))
-		build_id_parse(vma, mmap_event->build_id, &mmap_event->build_id_size);
+		build_id_parse_nofault(vma, mmap_event->build_id, &mmap_event->build_id_size);
 
 	perf_iterate_sb(perf_event_mmap_output,
 		       mmap_event,
diff --git a/lib/buildid.c b/lib/buildid.c
index 095e79158b85..5c869a2a30ab 100644
--- a/lib/buildid.c
+++ b/lib/buildid.c
@@ -279,10 +279,12 @@ static int get_build_id_64(struct freader *r, unsigned char *build_id, __u32 *si
  * @build_id: buffer to store build id, at least BUILD_ID_SIZE long
  * @size:     returns actual build id size in case of success
  *
- * Return: 0 on success, -EINVAL otherwise
+ * Assumes no page fault can be taken, so if relevant portions of ELF file are
+ * not already paged in, fetching of build ID fails.
+ *
+ * Return: 0 on success; negative error, otherwise
  */
-int build_id_parse(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned char *build_id,
-		   __u32 *size)
+int build_id_parse_nofault(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned char *build_id, __u32 *size)
 {
 	const Elf32_Ehdr *ehdr;
 	struct freader r;
@@ -321,6 +323,23 @@ int build_id_parse(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned char *build_id,
 	return ret;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Parse build ID of ELF file mapped to VMA
+ * @vma:      vma object
+ * @build_id: buffer to store build id, at least BUILD_ID_SIZE long
+ * @size:     returns actual build id size in case of success
+ *
+ * Assumes faultable context and can cause page faults to bring in file data
+ * into page cache.
+ *
+ * Return: 0 on success; negative error, otherwise
+ */
+int build_id_parse(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned char *build_id, __u32 *size)
+{
+	/* fallback to non-faultable version for now */
+	return build_id_parse_nofault(vma, build_id, size);
+}
+
 /**
  * build_id_parse_buf - Get build ID from a buffer
  * @buf:      ELF note section(s) to parse
-- 
2.43.0

[PATCH v3 bpf-next 06/10] lib/buildid: implement sleepable build_id_parse() API

[Andrii Nakryiko]

Extend freader with a flag specifying whether it's OK to cause page
fault to fetch file data that is not already physically present in
memory. With this, it's now easy to wait for data if the caller is
running in sleepable (faultable) context.

We utilize read_cache_folio() to bring the desired file page into page
cache, after which the rest of the logic works just the same at page level.

Suggested-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@fb.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
---
 lib/buildid.c | 50 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------
 1 file changed, 34 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/buildid.c b/lib/buildid.c
index 5c869a2a30ab..6b5558cd95bf 100644
--- a/lib/buildid.c
+++ b/lib/buildid.c
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ struct freader {
 			struct page *page;
 			void *page_addr;
 			u64 file_off;
+			bool may_fault;
 		};
 		struct {
 			const char *data;
@@ -29,12 +30,13 @@ struct freader {
 };
 
 static void freader_init_from_file(struct freader *r, void *buf, u32 buf_sz,
-				   struct address_space *mapping)
+				   struct address_space *mapping, bool may_fault)
 {
 	memset(r, 0, sizeof(*r));
 	r->buf = buf;
 	r->buf_sz = buf_sz;
 	r->mapping = mapping;
+	r->may_fault = may_fault;
 }
 
 static void freader_init_from_mem(struct freader *r, const char *data, u64 data_sz)
@@ -60,6 +62,17 @@ static int freader_get_page(struct freader *r, u64 file_off)
 	freader_put_page(r);
 
 	r->page = find_get_page(r->mapping, pg_off);
+
+	if (!r->page && r->may_fault) {
+		struct folio *folio;
+
+		folio = read_cache_folio(r->mapping, pg_off, NULL, NULL);
+		if (IS_ERR(folio))
+			return PTR_ERR(folio);
+
+		r->page = folio_file_page(folio, pg_off);
+	}
+
 	if (!r->page)
 		return -EFAULT;	/* page not mapped */
 
@@ -273,18 +286,8 @@ static int get_build_id_64(struct freader *r, unsigned char *build_id, __u32 *si
 /* enough for Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Phdr, and all the smaller requests */
 #define MAX_FREADER_BUF_SZ 64
 
-/*
- * Parse build ID of ELF file mapped to vma
- * @vma:      vma object
- * @build_id: buffer to store build id, at least BUILD_ID_SIZE long
- * @size:     returns actual build id size in case of success
- *
- * Assumes no page fault can be taken, so if relevant portions of ELF file are
- * not already paged in, fetching of build ID fails.
- *
- * Return: 0 on success; negative error, otherwise
- */
-int build_id_parse_nofault(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned char *build_id, __u32 *size)
+static int __build_id_parse(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned char *build_id,
+			    __u32 *size, bool may_fault)
 {
 	const Elf32_Ehdr *ehdr;
 	struct freader r;
@@ -295,7 +298,7 @@ int build_id_parse_nofault(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned char *build_id,
 	if (!vma->vm_file)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	freader_init_from_file(&r, buf, sizeof(buf), vma->vm_file->f_mapping);
+	freader_init_from_file(&r, buf, sizeof(buf), vma->vm_file->f_mapping, may_fault);
 
 	/* fetch first 18 bytes of ELF header for checks */
 	ehdr = freader_fetch(&r, 0, offsetofend(Elf32_Ehdr, e_type));
@@ -323,6 +326,22 @@ int build_id_parse_nofault(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned char *build_id,
 	return ret;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Parse build ID of ELF file mapped to vma
+ * @vma:      vma object
+ * @build_id: buffer to store build id, at least BUILD_ID_SIZE long
+ * @size:     returns actual build id size in case of success
+ *
+ * Assumes no page fault can be taken, so if relevant portions of ELF file are
+ * not already paged in, fetching of build ID fails.
+ *
+ * Return: 0 on success; negative error, otherwise
+ */
+int build_id_parse_nofault(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned char *build_id, __u32 *size)
+{
+	return __build_id_parse(vma, build_id, size, false /* !may_fault */);
+}
+
 /*
  * Parse build ID of ELF file mapped to VMA
  * @vma:      vma object
@@ -336,8 +355,7 @@ int build_id_parse_nofault(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned char *build_id,
  */
 int build_id_parse(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned char *build_id, __u32 *size)
 {
-	/* fallback to non-faultable version for now */
-	return build_id_parse_nofault(vma, build_id, size);
+	return __build_id_parse(vma, build_id, size, true /* may_fault */);
 }
 
 /**
-- 
2.43.0

[PATCH v3 bpf-next 07/10] lib/buildid: don't limit .note.gnu.build-id to the first page in ELF

[Andrii Nakryiko]

With freader we don't need to restrict ourselves to a single page, so
let's allow ELF notes to be at any valid position with the file.

We also merge parse_build_id() and parse_build_id_buf() as now the only
difference between them is note offset overflow, which makes sense to
check in all situations.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
---
 lib/buildid.c | 26 ++++++--------------------
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/buildid.c b/lib/buildid.c
index 6b5558cd95bf..78cfb3048385 100644
--- a/lib/buildid.c
+++ b/lib/buildid.c
@@ -155,9 +155,8 @@ static void freader_cleanup(struct freader *r)
  * 32-bit and 64-bit system, because Elf32_Nhdr and Elf64_Nhdr are
  * identical.
  */
-static int parse_build_id_buf(struct freader *r,
-			      unsigned char *build_id, __u32 *size,
-			      u64 note_offs, Elf32_Word note_size)
+static int parse_build_id(struct freader *r, unsigned char *build_id, __u32 *size,
+			  u64 note_offs, Elf32_Word note_size)
 {
 	const char note_name[] = "GNU";
 	const size_t note_name_sz = sizeof(note_name);
@@ -166,6 +165,10 @@ static int parse_build_id_buf(struct freader *r,
 	u32 name_sz, desc_sz;
 	const char *data;
 
+	/* check for overflow */
+	if (note_offs + note_size < note_offs)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
 	while (note_offs + sizeof(Elf32_Nhdr) < note_end) {
 		nhdr = freader_fetch(r, note_offs, sizeof(Elf32_Nhdr) + note_name_sz);
 		if (!nhdr)
@@ -199,23 +202,6 @@ static int parse_build_id_buf(struct freader *r,
 	return -EINVAL;
 }
 
-static inline int parse_build_id(struct freader *r,
-				 unsigned char *build_id,
-				 __u32 *size,
-				 u64 note_start_off,
-				 Elf32_Word note_size)
-{
-	/* check for overflow */
-	if (note_start_off + note_size < note_start_off)
-		return -EINVAL;
-
-	/* only supports note that fits in the first page */
-	if (note_start_off + note_size > PAGE_SIZE)
-		return -EINVAL;
-
-	return parse_build_id_buf(r, build_id, size, note_start_off, note_size);
-}
-
 /* Parse build ID from 32-bit ELF */
 static int get_build_id_32(struct freader *r, unsigned char *build_id, __u32 *size)
 {
-- 
2.43.0

[PATCH v3 bpf-next 08/10] bpf: decouple stack_map_get_build_id_offset() from perf_callchain_entry

[Andrii Nakryiko]

Change stack_map_get_build_id_offset() which is used to convert stack
trace IP addresses into build ID+offset pairs. Right now this function
accepts an array of u64s as an input, and uses array of
struct bpf_stack_build_id as an output.

This is problematic because u64 array is coming from
perf_callchain_entry, which is (non-sleepable) RCU protected, so once we
allows sleepable build ID fetching, this all breaks down.

But its actually pretty easy to make stack_map_get_build_id_offset()
works with array of struct bpf_stack_build_id as both input and output.
Which is what this patch is doing, eliminating the dependency on
perf_callchain_entry. We require caller to fill out
bpf_stack_build_id.ip fields (all other can be left uninitialized), and
update in place as we do build ID resolution.

We make sure to READ_ONCE() and cache locally current IP value as we
used it in a few places to find matching VMA and so on. Given this data
is directly accessible and modifiable by user's BPF code, we should make
sure to have a consistent view of it.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
---
 kernel/bpf/stackmap.c | 49 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------
 1 file changed, 33 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/bpf/stackmap.c b/kernel/bpf/stackmap.c
index 770ae8e88016..6457222b0b46 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/stackmap.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/stackmap.c
@@ -124,8 +124,18 @@ static struct bpf_map *stack_map_alloc(union bpf_attr *attr)
 	return ERR_PTR(err);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Expects all id_offs[i].ip values to be set to correct initial IPs.
+ * They will be subsequently:
+ *   - either adjusted in place to a file offset, if build ID fetching
+ *     succeeds; in this case id_offs[i].build_id is set to correct build ID,
+ *     and id_offs[i].status is set to BPF_STACK_BUILD_ID_VALID;
+ *   - or IP will be kept intact, if build ID fetching failed; in this case
+ *     id_offs[i].build_id is zeroed out and id_offs[i].status is set to
+ *     BPF_STACK_BUILD_ID_IP.
+ */
 static void stack_map_get_build_id_offset(struct bpf_stack_build_id *id_offs,
-					  u64 *ips, u32 trace_nr, bool user)
+					  u32 trace_nr, bool user)
 {
 	int i;
 	struct mmap_unlock_irq_work *work = NULL;
@@ -142,30 +152,28 @@ static void stack_map_get_build_id_offset(struct bpf_stack_build_id *id_offs,
 		/* cannot access current->mm, fall back to ips */
 		for (i = 0; i < trace_nr; i++) {
 			id_offs[i].status = BPF_STACK_BUILD_ID_IP;
-			id_offs[i].ip = ips[i];
 			memset(id_offs[i].build_id, 0, BUILD_ID_SIZE_MAX);
 		}
 		return;
 	}
 
 	for (i = 0; i < trace_nr; i++) {
-		if (range_in_vma(prev_vma, ips[i], ips[i])) {
+		u64 ip = READ_ONCE(id_offs[i].ip);
+
+		if (range_in_vma(prev_vma, ip, ip)) {
 			vma = prev_vma;
-			memcpy(id_offs[i].build_id, prev_build_id,
-			       BUILD_ID_SIZE_MAX);
+			memcpy(id_offs[i].build_id, prev_build_id, BUILD_ID_SIZE_MAX);
 			goto build_id_valid;
 		}
-		vma = find_vma(current->mm, ips[i]);
+		vma = find_vma(current->mm, ip);
 		if (!vma || build_id_parse_nofault(vma, id_offs[i].build_id, NULL)) {
 			/* per entry fall back to ips */
 			id_offs[i].status = BPF_STACK_BUILD_ID_IP;
-			id_offs[i].ip = ips[i];
 			memset(id_offs[i].build_id, 0, BUILD_ID_SIZE_MAX);
 			continue;
 		}
 build_id_valid:
-		id_offs[i].offset = (vma->vm_pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT) + ips[i]
-			- vma->vm_start;
+		id_offs[i].offset = (vma->vm_pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT) + ip - vma->vm_start;
 		id_offs[i].status = BPF_STACK_BUILD_ID_VALID;
 		prev_vma = vma;
 		prev_build_id = id_offs[i].build_id;
@@ -216,7 +224,7 @@ static long __bpf_get_stackid(struct bpf_map *map,
 	struct bpf_stack_map *smap = container_of(map, struct bpf_stack_map, map);
 	struct stack_map_bucket *bucket, *new_bucket, *old_bucket;
 	u32 skip = flags & BPF_F_SKIP_FIELD_MASK;
-	u32 hash, id, trace_nr, trace_len;
+	u32 hash, id, trace_nr, trace_len, i;
 	bool user = flags & BPF_F_USER_STACK;
 	u64 *ips;
 	bool hash_matches;
@@ -238,15 +246,18 @@ static long __bpf_get_stackid(struct bpf_map *map,
 		return id;
 
 	if (stack_map_use_build_id(map)) {
+		struct bpf_stack_build_id *id_offs;
+
 		/* for build_id+offset, pop a bucket before slow cmp */
 		new_bucket = (struct stack_map_bucket *)
 			pcpu_freelist_pop(&smap->freelist);
 		if (unlikely(!new_bucket))
 			return -ENOMEM;
 		new_bucket->nr = trace_nr;
-		stack_map_get_build_id_offset(
-			(struct bpf_stack_build_id *)new_bucket->data,
-			ips, trace_nr, user);
+		id_offs = (struct bpf_stack_build_id *)new_bucket->data;
+		for (i = 0; i < trace_nr; i++)
+			id_offs[i].ip = ips[i];
+		stack_map_get_build_id_offset(id_offs, trace_nr, user);
 		trace_len = trace_nr * sizeof(struct bpf_stack_build_id);
 		if (hash_matches && bucket->nr == trace_nr &&
 		    memcmp(bucket->data, new_bucket->data, trace_len) == 0) {
@@ -445,10 +456,16 @@ static long __bpf_get_stack(struct pt_regs *regs, struct task_struct *task,
 	copy_len = trace_nr * elem_size;
 
 	ips = trace->ip + skip;
-	if (user && user_build_id)
-		stack_map_get_build_id_offset(buf, ips, trace_nr, user);
-	else
+	if (user && user_build_id) {
+		struct bpf_stack_build_id *id_offs = buf;
+		u32 i;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < trace_nr; i++)
+			id_offs[i].ip = ips[i];
+		stack_map_get_build_id_offset(buf, trace_nr, user);
+	} else {
 		memcpy(buf, ips, copy_len);
+	}
 
 	if (size > copy_len)
 		memset(buf + copy_len, 0, size - copy_len);
-- 
2.43.0

[PATCH v3 bpf-next 09/10] bpf: wire up sleepable bpf_get_stack() and bpf_get_task_stack() helpers

[Andrii Nakryiko]

Add sleepable implementations of bpf_get_stack() and
bpf_get_task_stack() helpers and allow them to be used from sleepable
BPF program (e.g., sleepable uprobes).

Note, the stack trace IPs capturing itself is not sleepable (that would
need to be a separate project), only build ID fetching is sleepable and
thus more reliable, as it will wait for data to be paged in, if
necessary. For that we make use of sleepable build_id_parse()
implementation.

Now that build ID related internals in kernel/bpf/stackmap.c can be used
both in sleepable and non-sleepable contexts, we need to add additional
rcu_read_lock()/rcu_read_unlock() protection around fetching
perf_callchain_entry, but with the refactoring in previous commit it's
now pretty straightforward. We make sure to do rcu_read_unlock (in
sleepable mode only) right before stack_map_get_build_id_offset() call
which can sleep. By that time we don't have any more use of
perf_callchain_entry.

Note, bpf_get_task_stack() will fail for user mode if task != current.
And for kernel mode build ID are irrelevant. So in that sense adding
sleepable bpf_get_task_stack() implementation is a no-op. It feel right
to wire this up for symmetry and completeness, but I'm open to just
dropping it until we support `user && crosstask` condition.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
---
 include/linux/bpf.h      |  2 +
 kernel/bpf/stackmap.c    | 90 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
 kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c |  5 ++-
 3 files changed, 77 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/bpf.h b/include/linux/bpf.h
index b9425e410bcb..0f3dc903bea8 100644
--- a/include/linux/bpf.h
+++ b/include/linux/bpf.h
@@ -3198,7 +3198,9 @@ extern const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_get_current_uid_gid_proto;
 extern const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_get_current_comm_proto;
 extern const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_get_stackid_proto;
 extern const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_get_stack_proto;
+extern const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_get_stack_sleepable_proto;
 extern const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_get_task_stack_proto;
+extern const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_get_task_stack_sleepable_proto;
 extern const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_get_stackid_proto_pe;
 extern const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_get_stack_proto_pe;
 extern const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_sock_map_update_proto;
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/stackmap.c b/kernel/bpf/stackmap.c
index 6457222b0b46..3615c06b7dfa 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/stackmap.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/stackmap.c
@@ -124,6 +124,12 @@ static struct bpf_map *stack_map_alloc(union bpf_attr *attr)
 	return ERR_PTR(err);
 }
 
+static int fetch_build_id(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned char *build_id, bool may_fault)
+{
+	return may_fault ? build_id_parse(vma, build_id, NULL)
+			 : build_id_parse_nofault(vma, build_id, NULL);
+}
+
 /*
  * Expects all id_offs[i].ip values to be set to correct initial IPs.
  * They will be subsequently:
@@ -135,7 +141,7 @@ static struct bpf_map *stack_map_alloc(union bpf_attr *attr)
  *     BPF_STACK_BUILD_ID_IP.
  */
 static void stack_map_get_build_id_offset(struct bpf_stack_build_id *id_offs,
-					  u32 trace_nr, bool user)
+					  u32 trace_nr, bool user, bool may_fault)
 {
 	int i;
 	struct mmap_unlock_irq_work *work = NULL;
@@ -166,7 +172,7 @@ static void stack_map_get_build_id_offset(struct bpf_stack_build_id *id_offs,
 			goto build_id_valid;
 		}
 		vma = find_vma(current->mm, ip);
-		if (!vma || build_id_parse_nofault(vma, id_offs[i].build_id, NULL)) {
+		if (!vma || fetch_build_id(vma, id_offs[i].build_id, may_fault)) {
 			/* per entry fall back to ips */
 			id_offs[i].status = BPF_STACK_BUILD_ID_IP;
 			memset(id_offs[i].build_id, 0, BUILD_ID_SIZE_MAX);
@@ -257,7 +263,7 @@ static long __bpf_get_stackid(struct bpf_map *map,
 		id_offs = (struct bpf_stack_build_id *)new_bucket->data;
 		for (i = 0; i < trace_nr; i++)
 			id_offs[i].ip = ips[i];
-		stack_map_get_build_id_offset(id_offs, trace_nr, user);
+		stack_map_get_build_id_offset(id_offs, trace_nr, user, false /* !may_fault */);
 		trace_len = trace_nr * sizeof(struct bpf_stack_build_id);
 		if (hash_matches && bucket->nr == trace_nr &&
 		    memcmp(bucket->data, new_bucket->data, trace_len) == 0) {
@@ -398,7 +404,7 @@ const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_get_stackid_proto_pe = {
 
 static long __bpf_get_stack(struct pt_regs *regs, struct task_struct *task,
 			    struct perf_callchain_entry *trace_in,
-			    void *buf, u32 size, u64 flags)
+			    void *buf, u32 size, u64 flags, bool may_fault)
 {
 	u32 trace_nr, copy_len, elem_size, num_elem, max_depth;
 	bool user_build_id = flags & BPF_F_USER_BUILD_ID;
@@ -416,8 +422,7 @@ static long __bpf_get_stack(struct pt_regs *regs, struct task_struct *task,
 	if (kernel && user_build_id)
 		goto clear;
 
-	elem_size = (user && user_build_id) ? sizeof(struct bpf_stack_build_id)
-					    : sizeof(u64);
+	elem_size = user_build_id ? sizeof(struct bpf_stack_build_id) : sizeof(u64);
 	if (unlikely(size % elem_size))
 		goto clear;
 
@@ -438,6 +443,9 @@ static long __bpf_get_stack(struct pt_regs *regs, struct task_struct *task,
 	if (sysctl_perf_event_max_stack < max_depth)
 		max_depth = sysctl_perf_event_max_stack;
 
+	if (may_fault)
+		rcu_read_lock(); /* need RCU for perf's callchain below */
+
 	if (trace_in)
 		trace = trace_in;
 	else if (kernel && task)
@@ -445,28 +453,35 @@ static long __bpf_get_stack(struct pt_regs *regs, struct task_struct *task,
 	else
 		trace = get_perf_callchain(regs, 0, kernel, user, max_depth,
 					   crosstask, false);
-	if (unlikely(!trace))
-		goto err_fault;
 
-	if (trace->nr < skip)
+	if (unlikely(!trace) || trace->nr < skip) {
+		if (may_fault)
+			rcu_read_unlock();
 		goto err_fault;
+	}
 
 	trace_nr = trace->nr - skip;
 	trace_nr = (trace_nr <= num_elem) ? trace_nr : num_elem;
 	copy_len = trace_nr * elem_size;
 
 	ips = trace->ip + skip;
-	if (user && user_build_id) {
+	if (user_build_id) {
 		struct bpf_stack_build_id *id_offs = buf;
 		u32 i;
 
 		for (i = 0; i < trace_nr; i++)
 			id_offs[i].ip = ips[i];
-		stack_map_get_build_id_offset(buf, trace_nr, user);
 	} else {
 		memcpy(buf, ips, copy_len);
 	}
 
+	/* trace/ips should not be dereferenced after this point */
+	if (may_fault)
+		rcu_read_unlock();
+
+	if (user_build_id)
+		stack_map_get_build_id_offset(buf, trace_nr, user, may_fault);
+
 	if (size > copy_len)
 		memset(buf + copy_len, 0, size - copy_len);
 	return copy_len;
@@ -481,7 +496,7 @@ static long __bpf_get_stack(struct pt_regs *regs, struct task_struct *task,
 BPF_CALL_4(bpf_get_stack, struct pt_regs *, regs, void *, buf, u32, size,
 	   u64, flags)
 {
-	return __bpf_get_stack(regs, NULL, NULL, buf, size, flags);
+	return __bpf_get_stack(regs, NULL, NULL, buf, size, flags, false /* !may_fault */);
 }
 
 const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_get_stack_proto = {
@@ -494,8 +509,24 @@ const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_get_stack_proto = {
 	.arg4_type	= ARG_ANYTHING,
 };
 
-BPF_CALL_4(bpf_get_task_stack, struct task_struct *, task, void *, buf,
-	   u32, size, u64, flags)
+BPF_CALL_4(bpf_get_stack_sleepable, struct pt_regs *, regs, void *, buf, u32, size,
+	   u64, flags)
+{
+	return __bpf_get_stack(regs, NULL, NULL, buf, size, flags, true /* may_fault */);
+}
+
+const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_get_stack_sleepable_proto = {
+	.func		= bpf_get_stack_sleepable,
+	.gpl_only	= true,
+	.ret_type	= RET_INTEGER,
+	.arg1_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_CTX,
+	.arg2_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_UNINIT_MEM,
+	.arg3_type	= ARG_CONST_SIZE_OR_ZERO,
+	.arg4_type	= ARG_ANYTHING,
+};
+
+static long __bpf_get_task_stack(struct task_struct *task, void *buf, u32 size,
+				 u64 flags, bool may_fault)
 {
 	struct pt_regs *regs;
 	long res = -EINVAL;
@@ -505,12 +536,18 @@ BPF_CALL_4(bpf_get_task_stack, struct task_struct *, task, void *, buf,
 
 	regs = task_pt_regs(task);
 	if (regs)
-		res = __bpf_get_stack(regs, task, NULL, buf, size, flags);
+		res = __bpf_get_stack(regs, task, NULL, buf, size, flags, may_fault);
 	put_task_stack(task);
 
 	return res;
 }
 
+BPF_CALL_4(bpf_get_task_stack, struct task_struct *, task, void *, buf,
+	   u32, size, u64, flags)
+{
+	return __bpf_get_task_stack(task, buf, size, flags, false /* !may_fault */);
+}
+
 const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_get_task_stack_proto = {
 	.func		= bpf_get_task_stack,
 	.gpl_only	= false,
@@ -522,6 +559,23 @@ const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_get_task_stack_proto = {
 	.arg4_type	= ARG_ANYTHING,
 };
 
+BPF_CALL_4(bpf_get_task_stack_sleepable, struct task_struct *, task, void *, buf,
+	   u32, size, u64, flags)
+{
+	return __bpf_get_task_stack(task, buf, size, flags, true /* !may_fault */);
+}
+
+const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_get_task_stack_sleepable_proto = {
+	.func		= bpf_get_task_stack_sleepable,
+	.gpl_only	= false,
+	.ret_type	= RET_INTEGER,
+	.arg1_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID,
+	.arg1_btf_id	= &btf_tracing_ids[BTF_TRACING_TYPE_TASK],
+	.arg2_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_UNINIT_MEM,
+	.arg3_type	= ARG_CONST_SIZE_OR_ZERO,
+	.arg4_type	= ARG_ANYTHING,
+};
+
 BPF_CALL_4(bpf_get_stack_pe, struct bpf_perf_event_data_kern *, ctx,
 	   void *, buf, u32, size, u64, flags)
 {
@@ -533,7 +587,7 @@ BPF_CALL_4(bpf_get_stack_pe, struct bpf_perf_event_data_kern *, ctx,
 	__u64 nr_kernel;
 
 	if (!(event->attr.sample_type & PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN))
-		return __bpf_get_stack(regs, NULL, NULL, buf, size, flags);
+		return __bpf_get_stack(regs, NULL, NULL, buf, size, flags, false /* !may_fault */);
 
 	if (unlikely(flags & ~(BPF_F_SKIP_FIELD_MASK | BPF_F_USER_STACK |
 			       BPF_F_USER_BUILD_ID)))
@@ -553,7 +607,7 @@ BPF_CALL_4(bpf_get_stack_pe, struct bpf_perf_event_data_kern *, ctx,
 		__u64 nr = trace->nr;
 
 		trace->nr = nr_kernel;
-		err = __bpf_get_stack(regs, NULL, trace, buf, size, flags);
+		err = __bpf_get_stack(regs, NULL, trace, buf, size, flags, false /* !may_fault */);
 
 		/* restore nr */
 		trace->nr = nr;
@@ -565,7 +619,7 @@ BPF_CALL_4(bpf_get_stack_pe, struct bpf_perf_event_data_kern *, ctx,
 			goto clear;
 
 		flags = (flags & ~BPF_F_SKIP_FIELD_MASK) | skip;
-		err = __bpf_get_stack(regs, NULL, trace, buf, size, flags);
+		err = __bpf_get_stack(regs, NULL, trace, buf, size, flags, false /* !may_fault */);
 	}
 	return err;
 
diff --git a/kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c b/kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c
index cd098846e251..c3845470f56d 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c
@@ -1598,7 +1598,8 @@ bpf_tracing_func_proto(enum bpf_func_id func_id, const struct bpf_prog *prog)
 	case BPF_FUNC_jiffies64:
 		return &bpf_jiffies64_proto;
 	case BPF_FUNC_get_task_stack:
-		return &bpf_get_task_stack_proto;
+		return prog->sleepable ? &bpf_get_task_stack_sleepable_proto
+				       : &bpf_get_task_stack_proto;
 	case BPF_FUNC_copy_from_user:
 		return &bpf_copy_from_user_proto;
 	case BPF_FUNC_copy_from_user_task:
@@ -1654,7 +1655,7 @@ kprobe_prog_func_proto(enum bpf_func_id func_id, const struct bpf_prog *prog)
 	case BPF_FUNC_get_stackid:
 		return &bpf_get_stackid_proto;
 	case BPF_FUNC_get_stack:
-		return &bpf_get_stack_proto;
+		return prog->sleepable ? &bpf_get_stack_sleepable_proto : &bpf_get_stack_proto;
 #ifdef CONFIG_BPF_KPROBE_OVERRIDE
 	case BPF_FUNC_override_return:
 		return &bpf_override_return_proto;
-- 
2.43.0

[PATCH v3 bpf-next 10/10] selftests/bpf: add build ID tests

[Andrii Nakryiko]

Add a new set of tests validating behavior of capturing stack traces
with build ID. We extend uprobe_multi target binary with ability to
trigger uprobe (so that we can capture stack traces from it), but also
we allow to force build ID data to be either resident or non-resident in
memory (see also a comment about quirks of MADV_PAGEOUT).

That way we can validate that in non-sleepable context we won't get
build ID (as expected), but with sleepable uprobes we will get that
build ID regardless of it being physically present in memory.

Also, we add a small add-on linker script which reorders
.note.gnu.build-id section and puts it after (big) .text section,
putting build ID data outside of the very first page of ELF file. This
will test all the relaxations we did in build ID parsing logic in kernel
thanks to freader abstraction.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
---
 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/Makefile          |   5 +-
 .../selftests/bpf/prog_tests/build_id.c       | 118 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../selftests/bpf/progs/test_build_id.c       |  31 +++++
 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/uprobe_multi.c    |  41 ++++++
 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/uprobe_multi.ld   |  11 ++
 5 files changed, 204 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/build_id.c
 create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_build_id.c
 create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/uprobe_multi.ld

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/Makefile
index 1d7a62e7deff..2a89e989c75a 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/Makefile
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/Makefile
@@ -789,9 +789,10 @@ $(OUTPUT)/veristat: $(OUTPUT)/veristat.o
 
 # Linking uprobe_multi can fail due to relocation overflows on mips.
 $(OUTPUT)/uprobe_multi: CFLAGS += $(if $(filter mips, $(ARCH)),-mxgot)
-$(OUTPUT)/uprobe_multi: uprobe_multi.c
+$(OUTPUT)/uprobe_multi: uprobe_multi.c uprobe_multi.ld
 	$(call msg,BINARY,,$@)
-	$(Q)$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -O0 $(LDFLAGS) $^ $(LDLIBS) -o $@
+	$(Q)$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -Wl,-T,uprobe_multi.ld -O0 $(LDFLAGS) 	\
+		$(filter-out %.ld,$^) $(LDLIBS) -o $@
 
 EXTRA_CLEAN := $(SCRATCH_DIR) $(HOST_SCRATCH_DIR)			\
 	prog_tests/tests.h map_tests/tests.h verifier/tests.h		\
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/build_id.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/build_id.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..aec9c8d6bc96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/build_id.c
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/* Copyright (c) 2024 Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates. */
+#include <test_progs.h>
+
+#include "test_build_id.skel.h"
+
+static char build_id[BPF_BUILD_ID_SIZE];
+static int build_id_sz;
+
+static void print_stack(struct bpf_stack_build_id *stack, int frame_cnt)
+{
+	int i, j;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < frame_cnt; i++) {
+		printf("FRAME #%02d: ", i);
+		switch (stack[i].status) {
+		case BPF_STACK_BUILD_ID_EMPTY:
+			printf("<EMPTY>\n");
+			break;
+		case BPF_STACK_BUILD_ID_VALID:
+			printf("BUILD ID = ");
+			for (j = 0; j < BPF_BUILD_ID_SIZE; j++)
+				printf("%02hhx", (unsigned)stack[i].build_id[j]);
+			printf(" OFFSET = %llx", (unsigned long long)stack[i].offset);
+			break;
+		case BPF_STACK_BUILD_ID_IP:
+			printf("IP = %llx", (unsigned long long)stack[i].ip);
+			break;
+		default:
+			printf("UNEXPECTED STATUS %d ", stack[i].status);
+			break;
+		}
+		printf("\n");
+	}
+}
+
+static void subtest_nofault(bool build_id_resident)
+{
+	struct test_build_id *skel;
+	struct bpf_stack_build_id *stack;
+	int frame_cnt;
+
+	skel = test_build_id__open_and_load();
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "skel_open"))
+		return;
+
+	skel->links.uprobe_nofault = bpf_program__attach(skel->progs.uprobe_nofault);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel->links.uprobe_nofault, "link"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (build_id_resident)
+		ASSERT_OK(system("./uprobe_multi uprobe-paged-in"), "trigger_uprobe");
+	else
+		ASSERT_OK(system("./uprobe_multi uprobe-paged-out"), "trigger_uprobe");
+
+	if (!ASSERT_GT(skel->bss->res_nofault, 0, "res"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	stack = skel->bss->stack_nofault;
+	frame_cnt = skel->bss->res_nofault / sizeof(struct bpf_stack_build_id);
+	if (env.verbosity >= VERBOSE_NORMAL)
+		print_stack(stack, frame_cnt);
+
+	if (build_id_resident) {
+		ASSERT_EQ(stack[0].status, BPF_STACK_BUILD_ID_VALID, "build_id_status");
+		ASSERT_EQ(memcmp(stack[0].build_id, build_id, build_id_sz), 0, "build_id_match");
+	} else {
+		ASSERT_EQ(stack[0].status, BPF_STACK_BUILD_ID_IP, "build_id_status");
+	}
+
+cleanup:
+	test_build_id__destroy(skel);
+}
+
+static void subtest_sleepable(void)
+{
+	struct test_build_id *skel;
+	struct bpf_stack_build_id *stack;
+	int frame_cnt;
+
+	skel = test_build_id__open_and_load();
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "skel_open"))
+		return;
+
+	skel->links.uprobe_sleepable = bpf_program__attach(skel->progs.uprobe_sleepable);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel->links.uprobe_sleepable, "link"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	/* force build ID to not be paged in */
+	ASSERT_OK(system("./uprobe_multi uprobe-paged-out"), "trigger_uprobe");
+
+	if (!ASSERT_GT(skel->bss->res_sleepable, 0, "res"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	stack = skel->bss->stack_sleepable;
+	frame_cnt = skel->bss->res_sleepable / sizeof(struct bpf_stack_build_id);
+	if (env.verbosity >= VERBOSE_NORMAL)
+		print_stack(stack, frame_cnt);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(stack[0].status, BPF_STACK_BUILD_ID_VALID, "build_id_status");
+	ASSERT_EQ(memcmp(stack[0].build_id, build_id, build_id_sz), 0, "build_id_match");
+
+cleanup:
+	test_build_id__destroy(skel);
+}
+
+void serial_test_build_id(void)
+{
+	build_id_sz = read_build_id("uprobe_multi", build_id, sizeof(build_id));
+	ASSERT_EQ(build_id_sz, BPF_BUILD_ID_SIZE, "parse_build_id");
+
+	if (test__start_subtest("nofault-paged-out"))
+		subtest_nofault(false /* not resident */);
+	if (test__start_subtest("nofault-paged-in"))
+		subtest_nofault(true /* resident */);
+	if (test__start_subtest("sleepable"))
+		subtest_sleepable();
+}
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_build_id.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_build_id.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..32ce59f9aa27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_build_id.c
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/* Copyright (c) 2024 Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates. */
+
+#include "vmlinux.h"
+#include <bpf/bpf_helpers.h>
+
+struct bpf_stack_build_id stack_sleepable[128];
+int res_sleepable;
+
+struct bpf_stack_build_id stack_nofault[128];
+int res_nofault;
+
+SEC("uprobe.multi/./uprobe_multi:uprobe")
+int uprobe_nofault(struct pt_regs *ctx)
+{
+	res_nofault = bpf_get_stack(ctx, stack_nofault, sizeof(stack_nofault),
+				    BPF_F_USER_STACK | BPF_F_USER_BUILD_ID);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("uprobe.multi.s/./uprobe_multi:uprobe")
+int uprobe_sleepable(struct pt_regs *ctx)
+{
+	res_sleepable = bpf_get_stack(ctx, stack_sleepable, sizeof(stack_sleepable),
+				      BPF_F_USER_STACK | BPF_F_USER_BUILD_ID);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+char _license[] SEC("license") = "GPL";
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/uprobe_multi.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/uprobe_multi.c
index 7ffa563ffeba..c7828b13e5ff 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/uprobe_multi.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/uprobe_multi.c
@@ -2,8 +2,21 @@
 
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
 #include <sdt.h>
 
+#ifndef MADV_POPULATE_READ
+#define MADV_POPULATE_READ 22
+#endif
+
+int __attribute__((weak)) uprobe(void)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
 #define __PASTE(a, b) a##b
 #define PASTE(a, b) __PASTE(a, b)
 
@@ -75,6 +88,30 @@ static int usdt(void)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+extern char build_id_start[];
+extern char build_id_end[];
+
+int __attribute__((weak)) trigger_uprobe(bool build_id_resident)
+{
+	int page_sz = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
+	void *addr;
+
+	/* page-align build ID start */
+	addr = (void *)((uintptr_t)&build_id_start & ~(page_sz - 1));
+
+	/* to guarantee MADV_PAGEOUT work reliably, we need to ensure that
+	 * memory range is mapped into current process, so we unconditionally
+	 * do MADV_POPULATE_READ, and then MADV_PAGEOUT, if necessary
+	 */
+	madvise(addr, page_sz, MADV_POPULATE_READ);
+	if (!build_id_resident)
+		madvise(addr, page_sz, MADV_PAGEOUT);
+
+	(void)uprobe();
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	if (argc != 2)
@@ -84,6 +121,10 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 		return bench();
 	if (!strcmp("usdt", argv[1]))
 		return usdt();
+	if (!strcmp("uprobe-paged-out", argv[1]))
+		return trigger_uprobe(false /* page-out build ID */);
+	if (!strcmp("uprobe-paged-in", argv[1]))
+		return trigger_uprobe(true /* page-in build ID */);
 
 error:
 	fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s <bench|usdt>\n", argv[0]);
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/uprobe_multi.ld b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/uprobe_multi.ld
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a2e94828bc8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/uprobe_multi.ld
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+SECTIONS
+{
+	. = ALIGN(4096);
+	.note.gnu.build-id : { *(.note.gnu.build-id) }
+	. = ALIGN(4096);
+}
+INSERT AFTER .text;
+
+build_id_start = ADDR(.note.gnu.build-id);
+build_id_end = ADDR(.note.gnu.build-id) + SIZEOF(.note.gnu.build-id);
+
-- 
2.43.0

Re: [PATCH v3 bpf-next 01/10] lib/buildid: harden build ID parsing logic

[Andi Kleen]

>  	while (note_offs + sizeof(Elf32_Nhdr) < note_size) {
>  		Elf32_Nhdr *nhdr = (Elf32_Nhdr *)(note_start + note_offs);
>  
> +		name_sz = READ_ONCE(nhdr->n_namesz);
> +		desc_sz = READ_ONCE(nhdr->n_descsz);
>  		if (nhdr->n_type == BUILD_ID &&
> -		    nhdr->n_namesz == sizeof("GNU") &&
> -		    !strcmp((char *)(nhdr + 1), "GNU") &&
> -		    nhdr->n_descsz > 0 &&
> -		    nhdr->n_descsz <= BUILD_ID_SIZE_MAX) {
> -			memcpy(build_id,
> -			       note_start + note_offs +
> -			       ALIGN(sizeof("GNU"), 4) + sizeof(Elf32_Nhdr),
> -			       nhdr->n_descsz);
> -			memset(build_id + nhdr->n_descsz, 0,
> -			       BUILD_ID_SIZE_MAX - nhdr->n_descsz);
> +		    name_sz == note_name_sz &&
> +		    strcmp((char *)(nhdr + 1), note_name) == 0 &&

Doesn't the strcmp need a boundary check to be inside note_size too?

Other it may read into the next page, which could be unmapped, causing a fault.
Given it's unlikely that this happen, and the end has guard pages,
but there are some users of set_memory_np.

You could just move the later checks earlier.

The rest looks good to me.

-Andi

Re: [PATCH v3 bpf-next 01/10] lib/buildid: harden build ID parsing logic

[Andrii Nakryiko]

On Tue, Jul 30, 2024 at 9:05 PM Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> wrote:
>
> >       while (note_offs + sizeof(Elf32_Nhdr) < note_size) {
> >               Elf32_Nhdr *nhdr = (Elf32_Nhdr *)(note_start + note_offs);
> >
> > +             name_sz = READ_ONCE(nhdr->n_namesz);
> > +             desc_sz = READ_ONCE(nhdr->n_descsz);
> >               if (nhdr->n_type == BUILD_ID &&
> > -                 nhdr->n_namesz == sizeof("GNU") &&
> > -                 !strcmp((char *)(nhdr + 1), "GNU") &&
> > -                 nhdr->n_descsz > 0 &&
> > -                 nhdr->n_descsz <= BUILD_ID_SIZE_MAX) {
> > -                     memcpy(build_id,
> > -                            note_start + note_offs +
> > -                            ALIGN(sizeof("GNU"), 4) + sizeof(Elf32_Nhdr),
> > -                            nhdr->n_descsz);
> > -                     memset(build_id + nhdr->n_descsz, 0,
> > -                            BUILD_ID_SIZE_MAX - nhdr->n_descsz);
> > +                 name_sz == note_name_sz &&
> > +                 strcmp((char *)(nhdr + 1), note_name) == 0 &&
>
> Doesn't the strcmp need a boundary check to be inside note_size too?
>
> Other it may read into the next page, which could be unmapped, causing a fault.
> Given it's unlikely that this happen, and the end has guard pages,
> but there are some users of set_memory_np.
>
> You could just move the later checks earlier.

Yep, good catch! I'll move the overflow check and will add a note_size
check to it, thanks!

>
> The rest looks good to me.
>
> -Andi
>

Re: [PATCH v3 bpf-next 06/10] lib/buildid: implement sleepable build_id_parse() API

[Andrii Nakryiko]

On Tue, Jul 30, 2024 at 1:39 PM Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org> wrote:
>
> Extend freader with a flag specifying whether it's OK to cause page
> fault to fetch file data that is not already physically present in
> memory. With this, it's now easy to wait for data if the caller is
> running in sleepable (faultable) context.
>
> We utilize read_cache_folio() to bring the desired file page into page
> cache, after which the rest of the logic works just the same at page level.
>
> Suggested-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@fb.com>
> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev>
> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
> Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
> ---
>  lib/buildid.c | 50 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------
>  1 file changed, 34 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/lib/buildid.c b/lib/buildid.c
> index 5c869a2a30ab..6b5558cd95bf 100644
> --- a/lib/buildid.c
> +++ b/lib/buildid.c
> @@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ struct freader {
>                         struct page *page;
>                         void *page_addr;
>                         u64 file_off;
> +                       bool may_fault;
>                 };
>                 struct {
>                         const char *data;
> @@ -29,12 +30,13 @@ struct freader {
>  };
>
>  static void freader_init_from_file(struct freader *r, void *buf, u32 buf_sz,
> -                                  struct address_space *mapping)
> +                                  struct address_space *mapping, bool may_fault)
>  {
>         memset(r, 0, sizeof(*r));
>         r->buf = buf;
>         r->buf_sz = buf_sz;
>         r->mapping = mapping;
> +       r->may_fault = may_fault;
>  }
>
>  static void freader_init_from_mem(struct freader *r, const char *data, u64 data_sz)
> @@ -60,6 +62,17 @@ static int freader_get_page(struct freader *r, u64 file_off)
>         freader_put_page(r);
>
>         r->page = find_get_page(r->mapping, pg_off);
> +
> +       if (!r->page && r->may_fault) {
> +               struct folio *folio;
> +
> +               folio = read_cache_folio(r->mapping, pg_off, NULL, NULL);
> +               if (IS_ERR(folio))
> +                       return PTR_ERR(folio);
> +
> +               r->page = folio_file_page(folio, pg_off);
> +       }
> +

mm folks, is this the sane way to do this? Can you please take a look
and provide your ack? Thank you!

>         if (!r->page)
>                 return -EFAULT; /* page not mapped */
>
> @@ -273,18 +286,8 @@ static int get_build_id_64(struct freader *r, unsigned char *build_id, __u32 *si
>  /* enough for Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Phdr, and all the smaller requests */
>  #define MAX_FREADER_BUF_SZ 64
>
> -/*
> - * Parse build ID of ELF file mapped to vma
> - * @vma:      vma object
> - * @build_id: buffer to store build id, at least BUILD_ID_SIZE long
> - * @size:     returns actual build id size in case of success
> - *
> - * Assumes no page fault can be taken, so if relevant portions of ELF file are
> - * not already paged in, fetching of build ID fails.
> - *
> - * Return: 0 on success; negative error, otherwise
> - */
> -int build_id_parse_nofault(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned char *build_id, __u32 *size)
> +static int __build_id_parse(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned char *build_id,
> +                           __u32 *size, bool may_fault)
>  {
>         const Elf32_Ehdr *ehdr;
>         struct freader r;
> @@ -295,7 +298,7 @@ int build_id_parse_nofault(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned char *build_id,
>         if (!vma->vm_file)
>                 return -EINVAL;
>
> -       freader_init_from_file(&r, buf, sizeof(buf), vma->vm_file->f_mapping);
> +       freader_init_from_file(&r, buf, sizeof(buf), vma->vm_file->f_mapping, may_fault);
>
>         /* fetch first 18 bytes of ELF header for checks */
>         ehdr = freader_fetch(&r, 0, offsetofend(Elf32_Ehdr, e_type));
> @@ -323,6 +326,22 @@ int build_id_parse_nofault(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned char *build_id,
>         return ret;
>  }
>
> +/*
> + * Parse build ID of ELF file mapped to vma
> + * @vma:      vma object
> + * @build_id: buffer to store build id, at least BUILD_ID_SIZE long
> + * @size:     returns actual build id size in case of success
> + *
> + * Assumes no page fault can be taken, so if relevant portions of ELF file are
> + * not already paged in, fetching of build ID fails.
> + *
> + * Return: 0 on success; negative error, otherwise
> + */
> +int build_id_parse_nofault(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned char *build_id, __u32 *size)
> +{
> +       return __build_id_parse(vma, build_id, size, false /* !may_fault */);
> +}
> +
>  /*
>   * Parse build ID of ELF file mapped to VMA
>   * @vma:      vma object
> @@ -336,8 +355,7 @@ int build_id_parse_nofault(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned char *build_id,
>   */
>  int build_id_parse(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned char *build_id, __u32 *size)
>  {
> -       /* fallback to non-faultable version for now */
> -       return build_id_parse_nofault(vma, build_id, size);
> +       return __build_id_parse(vma, build_id, size, true /* may_fault */);
>  }
>
>  /**
> --
> 2.43.0
>
>

Re: [PATCH v3 bpf-next 06/10] lib/buildid: implement sleepable build_id_parse() API

[Shakeel Butt]

On Wed, Jul 31, 2024 at 02:56:00PM GMT, Andrii Nakryiko wrote:
> On Tue, Jul 30, 2024 at 1:39 PM Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org> wrote:
> >
> > Extend freader with a flag specifying whether it's OK to cause page
> > fault to fetch file data that is not already physically present in
> > memory. With this, it's now easy to wait for data if the caller is
> > running in sleepable (faultable) context.
> >
> > We utilize read_cache_folio() to bring the desired file page into page
> > cache, after which the rest of the logic works just the same at page level.
> >
> > Suggested-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@fb.com>
> > Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev>
> > Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
> > Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
> > ---
> >  lib/buildid.c | 50 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------
> >  1 file changed, 34 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)
> >
> > diff --git a/lib/buildid.c b/lib/buildid.c
> > index 5c869a2a30ab..6b5558cd95bf 100644
> > --- a/lib/buildid.c
> > +++ b/lib/buildid.c
> > @@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ struct freader {
> >                         struct page *page;
> >                         void *page_addr;
> >                         u64 file_off;
> > +                       bool may_fault;
> >                 };
> >                 struct {
> >                         const char *data;
> > @@ -29,12 +30,13 @@ struct freader {
> >  };
> >
> >  static void freader_init_from_file(struct freader *r, void *buf, u32 buf_sz,
> > -                                  struct address_space *mapping)
> > +                                  struct address_space *mapping, bool may_fault)
> >  {
> >         memset(r, 0, sizeof(*r));
> >         r->buf = buf;
> >         r->buf_sz = buf_sz;
> >         r->mapping = mapping;
> > +       r->may_fault = may_fault;
> >  }
> >
> >  static void freader_init_from_mem(struct freader *r, const char *data, u64 data_sz)
> > @@ -60,6 +62,17 @@ static int freader_get_page(struct freader *r, u64 file_off)
> >         freader_put_page(r);
> >
> >         r->page = find_get_page(r->mapping, pg_off);
> > +
> > +       if (!r->page && r->may_fault) {
> > +               struct folio *folio;
> > +
> > +               folio = read_cache_folio(r->mapping, pg_off, NULL, NULL);
> > +               if (IS_ERR(folio))
> > +                       return PTR_ERR(folio);
> > +
> > +               r->page = folio_file_page(folio, pg_off);
> > +       }
> > +
> 
> mm folks, is this the sane way to do this? Can you please take a look
> and provide your ack? Thank you!

Yes I think this is sane. I just had to check if read_cache_folio() is
also elevating a reference to the folio similar to find_get_page() and I
think it is doing so. I will go through the series soon.