From: David Stevens <stevensd@google.com>
To: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com>,
Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>,
Will Deacon <willdeacon@google.com>,
Quentin Perret <qperret@google.com>,
Thomas Gleixner <tglx@kernel.org>,
Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>, Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>,
Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>,
x86@kernel.org, "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>,
Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>, Xin Li <xin@zytor.com>,
Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>,
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>,
David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org>,
Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org>,
"Liam R. Howlett" <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com>,
Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org>,
Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org>,
Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>,
Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>,
Uladzislau Rezki <urezki@gmail.com>, Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org>
Cc: David Stevens <stevensd@google.com>,
linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-mm@kvack.org
Subject: [PATCH v2 09/13] fork: Dynamic Kernel Stack accounting
Date: Fri, 24 Apr 2026 12:14:52 -0700 [thread overview]
Message-ID: <20260424191456.2679717-10-stevensd@google.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20260424191456.2679717-1-stevensd@google.com>
From: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com>
Add an accounting of the amount of stack pages that have been faulted in
and are currently in use.
Example use case:
$ cat /proc/vmstat | grep stack
nr_kernel_stack 18684
nr_dynamic_stacks_faults 156
The above shows that the kernel stacks use total 18684KiB, out of which
156KiB were faulted in.
Given that the pre-allocated stacks are 4KiB, we can determine the total
number of tasks:
tasks = (nr_kernel_stack - nr_dynamic_stacks_faults) / 4 = 4632.
The amount of kernel stack memory without dynamic stack on this machine
would be:
4632 * 16 KiB = 74,112 KiB
Therefore, in this example dynamic stacks save: 55,428 KiB
Signed-off-by: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com>
[Rebased]
Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
[add to memcg stats, fix typos]
Signed-off-by: David Stevens <stevensd@google.com>
---
include/linux/mmzone.h | 3 +++
kernel/fork.c | 12 +++++++++++-
mm/memcontrol.c | 10 ++++++++++
mm/vmstat.c | 3 +++
4 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
diff --git a/include/linux/mmzone.h b/include/linux/mmzone.h
index 3e51190a55e4..4458fa7016a1 100644
--- a/include/linux/mmzone.h
+++ b/include/linux/mmzone.h
@@ -221,6 +221,9 @@ enum node_stat_item {
NR_FOLL_PIN_ACQUIRED, /* via: pin_user_page(), gup flag: FOLL_PIN */
NR_FOLL_PIN_RELEASED, /* pages returned via unpin_user_page() */
NR_KERNEL_STACK_KB, /* measured in KiB */
+#ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_STACK
+ NR_DYNAMIC_STACKS_FAULTS_KB, /* KiB of faulted kernel stack memory */
+#endif
#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SHADOW_CALL_STACK)
NR_KERNEL_SCS_KB, /* measured in KiB */
#endif
diff --git a/kernel/fork.c b/kernel/fork.c
index e615ef736dc0..9ac9d23f5f4b 100644
--- a/kernel/fork.c
+++ b/kernel/fork.c
@@ -463,6 +463,8 @@ unsigned long dynamic_stack_accounting(struct task_struct *tsk, bool finalize)
mod_lruvec_page_state(page, NR_KERNEL_STACK_KB,
PAGE_SIZE / 1024);
+ mod_lruvec_page_state(page, NR_DYNAMIC_STACKS_FAULTS_KB,
+ PAGE_SIZE / 1024);
}
if (finalize) {
@@ -811,9 +813,17 @@ static void account_kernel_stack(struct task_struct *tsk, int account)
nr_accounted = vm_area->nr_pages;
#endif
- for (i = 0; i < nr_accounted; i++)
+ for (i = 0; i < nr_accounted; i++) {
mod_lruvec_page_state(vm_area->pages[i], NR_KERNEL_STACK_KB,
account * (PAGE_SIZE / 1024));
+#ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_STACK
+ if (i >= THREAD_PREALLOC_PAGES) {
+ mod_lruvec_page_state(vm_area->pages[i],
+ NR_DYNAMIC_STACKS_FAULTS_KB,
+ account * (PAGE_SIZE / 1024));
+ }
+#endif
+ }
} else {
void *stack = task_stack_page(tsk);
diff --git a/mm/memcontrol.c b/mm/memcontrol.c
index 772bac21d155..cd2195a735ab 100644
--- a/mm/memcontrol.c
+++ b/mm/memcontrol.c
@@ -318,6 +318,9 @@ static const unsigned int memcg_node_stat_items[] = {
NR_FILE_THPS,
NR_ANON_THPS,
NR_KERNEL_STACK_KB,
+#ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_STACK
+ NR_DYNAMIC_STACKS_FAULTS_KB,
+#endif
NR_PAGETABLE,
NR_SECONDARY_PAGETABLE,
#ifdef CONFIG_SWAP
@@ -1403,6 +1406,10 @@ static const struct memory_stat memory_stats[] = {
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING
{ "pgpromote_success", PGPROMOTE_SUCCESS },
#endif
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_STACK
+ { "dynamic_stack_faults", NR_DYNAMIC_STACKS_FAULTS_KB },
+#endif
};
/* The actual unit of the state item, not the same as the output unit */
@@ -1415,6 +1422,9 @@ static int memcg_page_state_unit(int item)
case NR_SLAB_UNRECLAIMABLE_B:
return 1;
case NR_KERNEL_STACK_KB:
+#ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_STACK
+ case NR_DYNAMIC_STACKS_FAULTS_KB:
+#endif
return SZ_1K;
default:
return PAGE_SIZE;
diff --git a/mm/vmstat.c b/mm/vmstat.c
index 86b14b0f77b5..8fa1c7bcbaea 100644
--- a/mm/vmstat.c
+++ b/mm/vmstat.c
@@ -1256,6 +1256,9 @@ const char * const vmstat_text[] = {
[I(NR_FOLL_PIN_ACQUIRED)] = "nr_foll_pin_acquired",
[I(NR_FOLL_PIN_RELEASED)] = "nr_foll_pin_released",
[I(NR_KERNEL_STACK_KB)] = "nr_kernel_stack",
+#ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_STACK
+ [I(NR_DYNAMIC_STACKS_FAULTS_KB)] = "nr_dynamic_stacks_faults",
+#endif
#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SHADOW_CALL_STACK)
[I(NR_KERNEL_SCS_KB)] = "nr_shadow_call_stack",
#endif
--
2.54.0.rc2.544.gc7ae2d5bb8-goog
next prev parent reply other threads:[~2026-04-24 19:17 UTC|newest]
Thread overview: 21+ messages / expand[flat|nested] mbox.gz Atom feed top
2026-04-24 19:14 [PATCH v2 00/13] Dynamic Kernel Stacks David Stevens
2026-04-24 19:14 ` [PATCH v2 01/13] fork: Remove assumption that vm_area->nr_pages equals to THREAD_SIZE David Stevens
2026-04-24 19:14 ` [PATCH v2 02/13] fork: Don't assume fully populated stack during reuse David Stevens
2026-04-24 19:14 ` [PATCH v2 03/13] fork: Move vm_stack to the beginning of the stack David Stevens
2026-04-24 19:14 ` [PATCH v2 04/13] fork: separate vmap stack allocation and free calls David Stevens
2026-04-24 19:14 ` [PATCH v2 05/13] mm/vmalloc: Add a get_vm_area_node() and vmap_pages_range() public functions David Stevens
2026-04-24 19:14 ` [PATCH v2 06/13] fork: Move vmap stack freeing to work queue David Stevens
2026-04-24 19:14 ` [PATCH v2 07/13] fork: Dynamic Kernel Stacks David Stevens
2026-04-24 19:14 ` [PATCH v2 08/13] task_stack.h: Add stack_not_used() support for dynamic stack David Stevens
2026-04-24 19:14 ` David Stevens [this message]
2026-04-24 19:14 ` [PATCH v2 10/13] fork: Store task pointer in unpopulated stack ptes David Stevens
2026-04-24 19:14 ` [PATCH v2 11/13] x86/entry/fred: encode frame pointer on entry David Stevens
2026-04-24 19:14 ` [PATCH v2 12/13] x86: Add support for dynamic kernel stacks via FRED David Stevens
2026-04-24 19:14 ` [PATCH v2 13/13] x86: Add support for dynamic kernel stacks via IST David Stevens
2026-04-24 19:41 ` [PATCH v2 00/13] Dynamic Kernel Stacks Dave Hansen
2026-04-24 21:35 ` Pasha Tatashin
2026-04-24 22:21 ` Dave Hansen
2026-04-24 22:49 ` David Stevens
2026-04-24 22:26 ` David Laight
2026-04-24 23:06 ` Pasha Tatashin
2026-04-25 9:19 ` H. Peter Anvin
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