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AFNElJ+vK44DkqviQEO4A5hQ1KXyWdRoPM/FKkaH0EasZf8vkzoYZf6qqtRdwuPTxF3h/OE0Kh2utXSbjw==@kvack.org X-Gm-Message-State: AOJu0YzXxMFJasWJhz2UXzZOInx/iqnoj4CT4Dhzh9K9LS9K6XpLWGHs GjF1blSSQvFxAdg+YSwH6ydnqJ7sG4BIW6cqw+1kMmNay7wMQEVLvODWZ5n/eYmJ7CXN+GvHmQ= = X-Received: from wmcn9.prod.google.com ([2002:a05:600c:c0c9:b0:485:fb9c:ffa5]) (user=ardb job=prod-delivery.src-stubby-dispatcher) by 2002:a05:600c:3e0d:b0:489:6c28:dbc6 with SMTP id 5b1f17b1804b1-4896c28dd4emr454740575e9.31.1777304136468; Mon, 27 Apr 2026 08:35:36 -0700 (PDT) Date: Mon, 27 Apr 2026 17:34:19 +0200 In-Reply-To: <20260427153416.2103979-17-ardb+git@google.com> Mime-Version: 1.0 References: <20260427153416.2103979-17-ardb+git@google.com> X-Developer-Key: i=ardb@kernel.org; a=openpgp; fpr=F43D03328115A198C90016883D200E9CA6329909 X-Developer-Signature: v=1; a=openpgp-sha256; l=1123; i=ardb@kernel.org; h=from:subject; bh=Xui4zHPMyqNAfMojX3d72dmyPg9HBiaeXXlaXljmfJY=; b=owGbwMvMwCVmkMcZplerG8N4Wi2JIfN945+SRZJXH5vdEE+o7Yvo32RxfuaV3S/5HSeeLwufe mV64bHIjlIWBjEuBlkxRRaB2X/f7Tw9UarWeZYszBxWJpAhDFycAjARpwUM/6tzU1eeXBAlq+Z5 +VDlfPmd8pIhfj95ZQ8bhFlenPP7LBvD/7yyGqPIczsnJ5sZWSR+cbBZf/Xwp98hlSGvVEzOB0r eZAIA X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.54.0.rc2.544.gc7ae2d5bb8-goog Message-ID: <20260427153416.2103979-19-ardb+git@google.com> Subject: [PATCH v4 02/15] mm: Make empty_zero_page __ro_after_init From: Ard Biesheuvel To: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, will@kernel.org, catalin.marinas@arm.com, mark.rutland@arm.com, Ard Biesheuvel , Ryan Roberts , Anshuman Khandual , Liz Prucka , Seth Jenkins , Kees Cook , Mike Rapoport , David Hildenbrand , Andrew Morton , linux-mm@kvack.org, linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" X-Rspam-User: X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 03BD820017 X-Rspamd-Server: rspam04 X-Stat-Signature: 95sag3wbwmxpjewwogccpenzj8zb6wby X-HE-Tag: 1777304137-509176 X-HE-Meta: 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 w+bvSjBM 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 Sender: owner-linux-mm@kvack.org Precedence: bulk X-Loop: owner-majordomo@kvack.org List-ID: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: From: Ard Biesheuvel The empty zero page is used to back any kernel or user space mapping that is supposed to remain cleared, and so the page itself is never supposed to be modified. So make it __ro_after_init rather than __page_aligned_bss: on most architectures, this ensures that both the kernel's mapping of it and any aliases that are accessible via the kernel direct (linear) map are mapped read-only, and cannot be used (inadvertently or maliciously) to corrupt the contents of the zero page. Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel --- mm/mm_init.c | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/mm/mm_init.c b/mm/mm_init.c index f9f8e1af921c..6ca01ed2a5a4 100644 --- a/mm/mm_init.c +++ b/mm/mm_init.c @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ unsigned long zero_page_pfn __ro_after_init; EXPORT_SYMBOL(zero_page_pfn); #ifndef __HAVE_COLOR_ZERO_PAGE -uint8_t empty_zero_page[PAGE_SIZE] __page_aligned_bss; +uint8_t empty_zero_page[PAGE_SIZE] __ro_after_init __aligned(PAGE_SIZE); EXPORT_SYMBOL(empty_zero_page); struct page *__zero_page __ro_after_init; -- 2.54.0.rc2.544.gc7ae2d5bb8-goog