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From: Kevin Brodsky <kevin.brodsky@arm.com>
To: linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org
Cc: "Kevin Brodsky" <kevin.brodsky@arm.com>,
	"Andrew Morton" <akpm@linux-foundation.org>,
	"Andy Lutomirski" <luto@kernel.org>,
	"Catalin Marinas" <catalin.marinas@arm.com>,
	"Dave Hansen" <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>,
	"David Hildenbrand (Arm)" <david@kernel.org>,
	"Jann Horn" <jannh@google.com>, "Jeff Xu" <jeffxu@chromium.org>,
	"Joey Gouly" <joey.gouly@arm.com>, "Kees Cook" <kees@kernel.org>,
	"Linu Cherian" <linu.cherian@arm.com>,
	"Linus Walleij" <linusw@kernel.org>,
	"Marc Zyngier" <maz@kernel.org>,
	"Mark Brown" <broonie@kernel.org>,
	"Matthew Wilcox" <willy@infradead.org>,
	"Maxwell Bland" <mbland@motorola.com>,
	"Mike Rapoport (IBM)" <rppt@kernel.org>,
	"Peter Zijlstra" <peterz@infradead.org>,
	"Pierre Langlois" <pierre.langlois@arm.com>,
	"Pierre-Clément Tosi" <ptosi@google.com>,
	"Quentin Perret" <qperret@google.com>,
	"Rick Edgecombe" <rick.p.edgecombe@intel.com>,
	"Ryan Roberts" <ryan.roberts@arm.com>,
	"Vlastimil Babka" <vbabka@kernel.org>,
	"Will Deacon" <will@kernel.org>,
	"Yang Shi" <yang@os.amperecomputing.com>,
	"Yeoreum Yun" <yeoreum.yun@arm.com>,
	linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org, linux-mm@kvack.org,
	x86@kernel.org, "Ira Weiny" <iweiny@kernel.org>,
	"Lorenzo Stoakes" <ljs@kernel.org>,
	"Thomas Gleixner" <tglx@kernel.org>
Subject: [PATCH RFC v9 12/25] mm: kpkeys: Protect regular page tables
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2026 15:08:54 +0100	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <20260818-kpkeys-v9-12-743ad31b2c8f@arm.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20260818-kpkeys-v9-0-743ad31b2c8f@arm.com>

If the kpkeys_hardened_pgtables feature is enabled, page table pages
(PTPs) should be protected by modifying the linear mapping to map
them with a privileged pkey (KPKEYS_PKEY_PGTABLES). This patch
introduces a new page allocator for that purpose:

* kpkeys_pgtable_alloc() allocates a new PTP and sets the linear
  mapping to KPKEYS_PKEY_PGTABLES for that page

* kpkeys_pgtable_free() frees such a PTP and restores the linear
  mapping to the default pkey

This interface is then hooked into pagetable_alloc() and
pagetable_free(), protecting all page tables created once the buddy
allocator is available. Early page tables are allocated in other
ways and will be protected in subsequent patches.

This implementation of kpkeys_pgtable_{alloc,free}() is minimal and
relies on the linear map being fully PTE-mapped - otherwise
calling set_memory_pkey() on a single page may result in splitting a
block mapping, which in turn requires allocating a new PTP. A more
elaborate implementation could be added later to handle this
situation.

Signed-off-by: Kevin Brodsky <kevin.brodsky@arm.com>
---
 include/linux/kpkeys.h        | 10 +++++++++
 include/linux/mm.h            | 14 +++++++++++--
 mm/kpkeys_hardened_pgtables.c | 47 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 69 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/kpkeys.h b/include/linux/kpkeys.h
index 23ae4ed512f5..288c8853eed6 100644
--- a/include/linux/kpkeys.h
+++ b/include/linux/kpkeys.h
@@ -116,6 +116,9 @@ static inline bool kpkeys_hardened_pgtables_early_enabled(void)
 	return arch_supports_kpkeys_early();
 }
 
+struct page *kpkeys_pgtable_alloc(gfp_t gfp, unsigned int order);
+void kpkeys_pgtable_free(struct page *page, unsigned int order);
+
 /*
  * Should be called from mem_init(): as soon as the buddy allocator becomes
  * available and before any call to pagetable_alloc().
@@ -134,6 +137,13 @@ static inline bool kpkeys_hardened_pgtables_early_enabled(void)
 	return false;
 }
 
+static inline struct page *kpkeys_pgtable_alloc(gfp_t gfp, unsigned int order)
+{
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline void kpkeys_pgtable_free(struct page *page, unsigned int order) {}
+
 static inline void kpkeys_hardened_pgtables_init(void) {}
 
 #endif /* CONFIG_KPKEYS_HARDENED_PGTABLES */
diff --git a/include/linux/mm.h b/include/linux/mm.h
index 485df9c2dbdd..eea3131786b3 100644
--- a/include/linux/mm.h
+++ b/include/linux/mm.h
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 #include <linux/bitmap.h>
 #include <linux/bitops.h>
 #include <linux/iommu-debug-pagealloc.h>
+#include <linux/kpkeys.h>
 
 struct mempolicy;
 struct anon_vma;
@@ -3682,7 +3683,12 @@ static inline bool ptdesc_test_kernel(const struct ptdesc *ptdesc)
  */
 static inline struct ptdesc *pagetable_alloc_noprof(gfp_t gfp, unsigned int order)
 {
-	struct page *page = alloc_pages_noprof(gfp | __GFP_COMP, order);
+	struct page *page;
+
+	if (kpkeys_hardened_pgtables_enabled())
+		page = kpkeys_pgtable_alloc(gfp | __GFP_COMP, order);
+	else
+		page = alloc_pages_noprof(gfp | __GFP_COMP, order);
 
 	return page_ptdesc(page);
 }
@@ -3691,8 +3697,12 @@ static inline struct ptdesc *pagetable_alloc_noprof(gfp_t gfp, unsigned int orde
 static inline void __pagetable_free(struct ptdesc *pt)
 {
 	struct page *page = ptdesc_page(pt);
+	unsigned int order = compound_order(page);
 
-	__free_pages(page, compound_order(page));
+	if (kpkeys_hardened_pgtables_enabled())
+		kpkeys_pgtable_free(page, order);
+	else
+		__free_pages(page, order);
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_ASYNC_KERNEL_PGTABLE_FREE
diff --git a/mm/kpkeys_hardened_pgtables.c b/mm/kpkeys_hardened_pgtables.c
index 4c654e0cf585..eca798207107 100644
--- a/mm/kpkeys_hardened_pgtables.c
+++ b/mm/kpkeys_hardened_pgtables.c
@@ -1,12 +1,59 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/kpkeys.h>
 #include <linux/mm.h>
+#include <linux/set_memory.h>
 
 #include <kunit/visibility.h>
 
 __ro_after_init DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(kpkeys_hardened_pgtables_key);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_IF_KUNIT(kpkeys_hardened_pgtables_key);
 
+static int set_pkey_pgtable(struct page *page, unsigned int nr_pages)
+{
+	unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)page_address(page);
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = set_memory_pkey(addr, nr_pages, KPKEYS_PKEY_PGTABLES);
+
+	WARN_ON(ret);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int set_pkey_default(struct page *page, unsigned int nr_pages)
+{
+	unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)page_address(page);
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = set_memory_pkey(addr, nr_pages, 0);
+
+	WARN_ON(ret);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+struct page *kpkeys_pgtable_alloc(gfp_t gfp, unsigned int order)
+{
+	struct page *page;
+	int ret;
+
+	page = alloc_pages_noprof(gfp, order);
+	if (!page)
+		return page;
+
+	ret = set_pkey_pgtable(page, 1 << order);
+	if (ret) {
+		__free_pages(page, order);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return page;
+}
+
+void kpkeys_pgtable_free(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
+{
+	set_pkey_default(page, 1 << order);
+	__free_pages(page, order);
+}
+
 void __init kpkeys_hardened_pgtables_init(void)
 {
 	if (!kpkeys_supported())

-- 
2.51.2



  parent reply	other threads:[~2026-08-18 14:12 UTC|newest]

Thread overview: 26+ messages / expand[flat|nested]  mbox.gz  Atom feed  top
2026-08-18 14:08 [PATCH RFC v9 00/25] pkeys-based page table hardening Kevin Brodsky
2026-08-18 14:08 ` [PATCH RFC v9 01/25] mm: Introduce kpkeys Kevin Brodsky
2026-08-18 14:08 ` [PATCH RFC v9 02/25] set_memory: Introduce set_memory_pkey() stub Kevin Brodsky
2026-08-18 14:08 ` [PATCH RFC v9 03/25] arm64: mm: Enable overlays for all EL1 indirect permissions Kevin Brodsky
2026-08-18 14:08 ` [PATCH RFC v9 04/25] arm64: Introduce por_elx_set_pkey_perms() helper Kevin Brodsky
2026-08-18 14:08 ` [PATCH RFC v9 05/25] arm64: Implement asm/kpkeys.h using POE Kevin Brodsky
2026-08-18 14:08 ` [PATCH RFC v9 06/25] arm64: set_memory: Implement set_memory_pkey() Kevin Brodsky
2026-08-18 14:08 ` [PATCH RFC v9 07/25] arm64: Context-switch POR_EL1 Kevin Brodsky
2026-08-18 14:08 ` [PATCH RFC v9 08/25] arm64: Initialize POR_EL1 register on cpu_resume() Kevin Brodsky
2026-08-18 14:08 ` [PATCH RFC v9 09/25] arm64: Enable kpkeys Kevin Brodsky
2026-08-18 14:08 ` [PATCH RFC v9 10/25] memblock: Move INIT_MEMBLOCK_* macros to header Kevin Brodsky
2026-08-18 14:08 ` [PATCH RFC v9 11/25] mm: kpkeys: Introduce kpkeys_hardened_pgtables feature Kevin Brodsky
2026-08-18 14:08 ` Kevin Brodsky [this message]
2026-08-18 14:08 ` [PATCH RFC v9 13/25] mm: kpkeys: Introduce early page table allocator Kevin Brodsky
2026-08-18 14:08 ` [PATCH RFC v9 14/25] mm: kpkeys: Protect vmemmap page tables Kevin Brodsky
2026-08-18 14:08 ` [PATCH RFC v9 15/25] mm: kpkeys: Introduce hook for protecting static " Kevin Brodsky
2026-08-18 14:08 ` [PATCH RFC v9 16/25] arm64: kpkeys: Implement arch_supports_kpkeys_early() Kevin Brodsky
2026-08-18 14:08 ` [PATCH RFC v9 17/25] arm64: kpkeys: Support KPKEYS_CTX_PGTABLES Kevin Brodsky
2026-08-18 14:09 ` [PATCH RFC v9 18/25] arm64: kpkeys: Ensure the linear map can be modified Kevin Brodsky
2026-08-18 14:09 ` [PATCH RFC v9 19/25] arm64: kpkeys: Protect early page tables Kevin Brodsky
2026-08-18 14:09 ` [PATCH RFC v9 20/25] arm64: mm: Map kernel image alias of init_pg_dir read-only Kevin Brodsky
2026-08-18 14:09 ` [PATCH RFC v9 21/25] arm64: kpkeys: Protect init_pg_dir Kevin Brodsky
2026-08-18 14:09 ` [PATCH RFC v9 22/25] arm64: kpkeys: Guard page table writes Kevin Brodsky
2026-08-18 14:09 ` [PATCH RFC v9 23/25] arm64: kpkeys: Batch KPKEYS_CTX_PGTABLES switches Kevin Brodsky
2026-08-18 14:09 ` [PATCH RFC v9 24/25] arm64: kpkeys: Enable kpkeys_hardened_pgtables support Kevin Brodsky
2026-08-18 14:09 ` [PATCH RFC v9 25/25] mm: Add basic tests for kpkeys_hardened_pgtables Kevin Brodsky

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