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From: "Vlastimil Babka (SUSE)" <vbabka@kernel.org>
To: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>,
	Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>,  Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev>,
	Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org>,
	 David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org>,
	Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de>,
	 "Matthew Wilcox (Oracle)" <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>,
	Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>,
	 Brendan Jackman <brendan.jackman@linux.dev>,
	 Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>,
	linux-mm@kvack.org,  linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
	"Vlastimil Babka (SUSE)" <vbabka@kernel.org>,
	 Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com>,
	stable@vger.kernel.org
Subject: [PATCH 4/9] mm/page_alloc: keep the pagesets of an empty zone
Date: Tue, 27 Oct 2026 16:46:30 +0100	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <20261027-pgalloc-ai-hotfixes-v1-4-9c7d1aca801e@kernel.org> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20261027-pgalloc-ai-hotfixes-v1-0-9c7d1aca801e@kernel.org>

From: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com>

When the last memory of a zone goes offline, zone_pcp_reset() frees
zone->per_cpu_pageset and zone->per_cpu_zonestats. Nothing waits for those
who found the zone populated and still use the two pointers. They take
neither the memory hotplug lock nor any other lock which offline_pages()
holds, and some of them can sleep:

  CPU0 vmstat_update()                CPU1 offline_pages()
  refresh_cpu_vm_stats()
    for_each_populated_zone(zone)
      pcp = zone->per_cpu_pageset
      cond_resched()
                                      adjust_present_page_count()
                                      zone_pcp_reset(zone)
                                        free_percpu(zone->per_cpu_pageset)
      decay_pcp_high(zone, pcp)
      __this_cpu_write(pcp->expire, 0)

The same goes for drain_all_pages(NULL), which takes pcp->lock, for
zone_pcp_update(), show_free_areas() and the readers and writers of the
zonestats. If the per-cpu memory has got a new owner in the meantime, it
is corrupted.

The pagesets are only freed because setup_zone_pageset() would otherwise
leak them when the zone gets memory again. Keep them instead and let
setup_zone_pageset() and zone_pcp_init() use them again, like it is done
with pgdat->per_cpu_nodestats. Their lists are empty, and their limits
have been calculated for a zone without memory by the
init_per_zone_wmark_min() of offline_pages(), which is what
setup_zone_pageset() would come up with as well.

Fixes: 340175b7d14d ("mm/hotplug: free zone->pageset when a zone becomes empty")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Assisted-by: LLM
Signed-off-by: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com>
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka (SUSE) <vbabka@kernel.org>
---
 mm/page_alloc.c | 20 ++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index 9a4d3352c037..13211b8caada 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -6312,6 +6312,10 @@ void __meminit setup_zone_pageset(struct zone *zone)
 {
 	int cpu;
 
+	/* The zone has been populated before, see zone_pcp_reset(). */
+	if (zone->per_cpu_pageset != &boot_pageset)
+		return;
+
 	/* Size may be 0 on !SMP && !NUMA */
 	if (sizeof(struct per_cpu_zonestat) > 0)
 		zone->per_cpu_zonestats = alloc_percpu(struct per_cpu_zonestat);
@@ -6404,6 +6408,10 @@ void __init setup_per_cpu_pageset(void)
 
 __meminit void zone_pcp_init(struct zone *zone)
 {
+	/* A node which is added again, see zone_pcp_reset(). */
+	if (zone->per_cpu_pageset && zone->per_cpu_pageset != &boot_pageset)
+		return;
+
 	/*
 	 * per cpu subsystem is not up at this point. The following code
 	 * relies on the ability of the linker to provide the
@@ -7684,6 +7692,12 @@ void zone_pcp_enable(struct zone *zone)
 	mutex_unlock(&pcp_batch_high_lock);
 }
 
+/*
+ * The zone has become empty. Its pagesets and zonestats are not freed: nothing
+ * keeps somebody who found the zone populated, such as refresh_cpu_vm_stats()
+ * or drain_all_pages(), from still using them. They are used again when the
+ * zone gets memory again.
+ */
 void zone_pcp_reset(struct zone *zone)
 {
 	int cpu;
@@ -7694,12 +7708,6 @@ void zone_pcp_reset(struct zone *zone)
 			pzstats = per_cpu_ptr(zone->per_cpu_zonestats, cpu);
 			drain_zonestat(zone, pzstats);
 		}
-		free_percpu(zone->per_cpu_pageset);
-		zone->per_cpu_pageset = &boot_pageset;
-		if (zone->per_cpu_zonestats != &boot_zonestats) {
-			free_percpu(zone->per_cpu_zonestats);
-			zone->per_cpu_zonestats = &boot_zonestats;
-		}
 	}
 }
 

-- 
2.56.0



  parent reply	other threads:[~2026-10-27 15:46 UTC|newest]

Thread overview: 16+ messages / expand[flat|nested]  mbox.gz  Atom feed  top
2026-10-27 15:46 [PATCH 0/9] mm, page_alloc: several stable fixes Vlastimil Babka (SUSE)
2026-10-27 15:46 ` [PATCH 1/9] mm/page_alloc: don't undo a racing start_isolate_page_range() Vlastimil Babka (SUSE)
2026-10-27 15:48   ` Zi Yan
2026-10-27 18:31   ` Gregory Price (Meta)
2026-10-27 15:46 ` [PATCH 2/9] mm/page_alloc: clear ->private of deferred free pages Vlastimil Babka (SUSE)
2026-10-27 18:38   ` Zi Yan
2026-10-27 15:46 ` [PATCH 3/9] mm: page_frag: refill the cache for large fragments Vlastimil Babka (SUSE)
2026-10-27 15:46 ` Vlastimil Babka (SUSE) [this message]
2026-10-27 15:46 ` [PATCH 5/9] mm, page_alloc: pass zone pointer to trace_reclaim_retry_zone Vlastimil Babka (SUSE)
2026-10-27 18:35   ` Gregory Price (Meta)
2026-10-27 18:39   ` Zi Yan
2026-10-27 15:46 ` [PATCH 6/9] mm/compaction: trust zone->contiguous only in the span Vlastimil Babka (SUSE)
2026-10-27 15:46 ` [PATCH 7/9] mm: page_isolation: do not take slab pages for free Vlastimil Babka (SUSE)
2026-10-27 21:04   ` Zi Yan
2026-10-27 15:46 ` [PATCH 8/9] mm/memory_hotplug: resize zones under their seqlock Vlastimil Babka (SUSE)
2026-10-27 15:46 ` [PATCH 9/9] mm/page_alloc: check pageblock pfns under span seqlock Vlastimil Babka (SUSE)

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