From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org Received: from kanga.kvack.org (kanga.kvack.org [205.233.56.17]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by smtp.lore.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 2ECF3C531D1 for ; Thu, 23 Jul 2026 15:13:34 +0000 (UTC) Received: by kanga.kvack.org (Postfix) id BA1CD6B0096; Thu, 23 Jul 2026 11:13:32 -0400 (EDT) Received: by kanga.kvack.org (Postfix, from userid 40) id B79306B0098; Thu, 23 Jul 2026 11:13:32 -0400 (EDT) X-Delivered-To: int-list-linux-mm@kvack.org Received: by kanga.kvack.org (Postfix, from userid 63042) id A92AB6B0099; Thu, 23 Jul 2026 11:13:32 -0400 (EDT) X-Delivered-To: linux-mm@kvack.org Received: from relay.hostedemail.com (smtprelay0011.hostedemail.com [216.40.44.11]) by kanga.kvack.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 655C86B0096 for ; Thu, 23 Jul 2026 11:13:32 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtpin28.hostedemail.com (lb01a-stub [10.200.18.249]) by unirelay05.hostedemail.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3A3634051D for ; Thu, 23 Jul 2026 15:13:31 +0000 (UTC) X-FDA: 85020385422.28.C475B15 Received: from tor.source.kernel.org (tor.source.kernel.org [172.105.4.254]) by imf27.hostedemail.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 716754000E for ; Thu, 23 Jul 2026 15:13:29 +0000 (UTC) Authentication-Results: imf27.hostedemail.com; dkim=pass header.d=kernel.org header.s=k20260515 header.b=C4+cOItT; spf=pass (imf27.hostedemail.com: domain of vbabka@kernel.org designates 172.105.4.254 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=vbabka@kernel.org; dmarc=pass (policy=quarantine) header.from=kernel.org ARC-Message-Signature: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=hostedemail.com; s=arc-20220608; t=1784819609; h=from:from:sender:reply-to:subject:subject:date:date: message-id:message-id:to:to:cc:cc:mime-version:mime-version: content-type:content-type: content-transfer-encoding:content-transfer-encoding: in-reply-to:in-reply-to:references:references:dkim-signature; bh=HoPBMTykAXQKt94M9v95tVhkcDwfjpfMlCnu/Xxm4ds=; b=gpjI5lpYS3WAajw4GXP9qWevMPhAuyxEvGEO7rqdIeoH5Ro08G0pjcALgv/YYCWu1svo4T hMZ0WK3LFdKqsjIZOGA48CHdYwqPKGjGv8ICVyDHfZ+KK8/i34245s+xoZ2tFoFOSLL96U zIzptSgS0adbfJXzbRdBBeGUWOPOcp8= ARC-Authentication-Results: i=1; imf27.hostedemail.com; dkim=pass header.d=kernel.org header.s=k20260515 header.b=C4+cOItT; spf=pass (imf27.hostedemail.com: domain of vbabka@kernel.org designates 172.105.4.254 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=vbabka@kernel.org; dmarc=pass (policy=quarantine) header.from=kernel.org ARC-Seal: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; d=hostedemail.com; s=arc-20220608; cv=none; t=1784819609; b=eY+ZVyQpEVDPkfw7KenNHPdmkW/pWr5c2oZFB71WWEq7LESz+ZL6OAzywaqsigTvnwOmzj m1LGyTRtlWONiB4Ujf6/IVukoKclLACnNksnZGDuAh0H6IUSFj+yrw0wRXlFpmkoZvh96M qkdRIZ1v1+6k3zLTXk87J68W1NNUy88= Received: from smtp.kernel.org (quasi.space.kernel.org [100.103.45.18]) by tor.source.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id D0B2660A71; Thu, 23 Jul 2026 15:13:28 +0000 (UTC) Received: by smtp.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id A3EB41F000E9; Thu, 23 Jul 2026 15:13:25 +0000 (UTC) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=kernel.org; s=k20260515; t=1784819608; bh=HoPBMTykAXQKt94M9v95tVhkcDwfjpfMlCnu/Xxm4ds=; h=Date:Subject:To:Cc:References:From:In-Reply-To; b=C4+cOItT0PnzdfroCEjzlIBcCT0iIVNJSMJ00DEA+XRUedcSK6kfHfm+olDKn9cvS RuYLPUeq8jIyqtW9cYE7NmaPAeTYXW/QatXLgk7nbo3wAS1g170Ogvc0CJdqOOWKYq bAuXzmxNp2eZ1vblRVf7VC7++Nf1+AlokNWcQxqwwNbBZ5k67EBaaiW3GKwW/Z9zy7 Y/pQu3lVPRBYIjjeMC5JRXrhN76RBHxvwOFSVP87Poe5dln9KLLpey8rcmjaVWdlrw ozFj8yBt5plg+LI3gv/RC/zaMEVVhxvBToTzbv9ckomOw3NTlmt+yWI0jZMFnZN6ZZ fcBJo+594FICw== Message-ID: <5a0702a3-9aa1-48e5-bbd8-924289fb1993@kernel.org> Date: Thu, 23 Jul 2026 17:13:23 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 User-Agent: Mozilla Thunderbird Subject: Re: [PATCH v2 4/4] mm: page_alloc: fix non-movable reclaim storm in defrag_mode Content-Language: en-US To: Johannes Weiner , Andrew Morton Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan , Michal Hocko , Brendan Jackman , Zi Yan , David Hildenbrand , Lorenzo Stoakes , "Liam R . Howlett" , Mike Rapoport , Shakeel Butt , linux-mm@kvack.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, stable@vger.kernel.org References: <20260722150006.3848560-1-hannes@cmpxchg.org> <20260722150006.3848560-5-hannes@cmpxchg.org> From: "Vlastimil Babka (SUSE)" Autocrypt: addr=vbabka@kernel.org; keydata= xsFNBFZdmxYBEADsw/SiUSjB0dM+vSh95UkgcHjzEVBlby/Fg+g42O7LAEkCYXi/vvq31JTB KxRWDHX0R2tgpFDXHnzZcQywawu8eSq0LxzxFNYMvtB7sV1pxYwej2qx9B75qW2plBs+7+YB 87tMFA+u+L4Z5xAzIimfLD5EKC56kJ1CsXlM8S/LHcmdD9Ctkn3trYDNnat0eoAcfPIP2OZ+ 9oe9IF/R28zmh0ifLXyJQQz5ofdj4bPf8ecEW0rhcqHfTD8k4yK0xxt3xW+6Exqp9n9bydiy tcSAw/TahjW6yrA+6JhSBv1v2tIm+itQc073zjSX8OFL51qQVzRFr7H2UQG33lw2QrvHRXqD Ot7ViKam7v0Ho9wEWiQOOZlHItOOXFphWb2yq3nzrKe45oWoSgkxKb97MVsQ+q2SYjJRBBH4 8qKhphADYxkIP6yut/eaj9ImvRUZZRi0DTc8xfnvHGTjKbJzC2xpFcY0DQbZzuwsIZ8OPJCc LM4S7mT25NE5kUTG/TKQCk922vRdGVMoLA7dIQrgXnRXtyT61sg8PG4wcfOnuWf8577aXP1x 6mzw3/jh3F+oSBHb/GcLC7mvWreJifUL2gEdssGfXhGWBo6zLS3qhgtwjay0Jl+kza1lo+Cv BB2T79D4WGdDuVa4eOrQ02TxqGN7G0Biz5ZLRSFzQSQwLn8fbwARAQABzSNWbGFzdGltaWwg QmFia2EgPHZiYWJrYUBrZXJuZWwub3JnPsLBsAQTAQoAWhYhBKlA1DSZLC6OmRA9UCJPp+fM gqZkBQJqFFy6GxSAAAAAAAQADm1hbnUyLDIuNSsxLjEyLDIsMgIbAwUJGtCBUAULCQgHAwUV CgkICwUWAgMBAAIeBQIXgAAKCRAiT6fnzIKmZJIUEADFx/tREzUImHrEwVHeSvDFmA7tJysI UVrlvrM09E7GIuzphzv7jYmo8n3ANpCczLEVr4G0syYQdTigaZgv3+FQDIIzhKih1IHhu1Ei XHlywNWKnQxxQEUNi5Mwx43wQz5XVw9F1A7gtKBKNtfogO511hAbrzagrYajyQacEJ/+sfhZ 9Da8ltHIXD8pcYaHUfQgEusCgmEd9+KrUwrTbckFKmYq5chuE6yJ4J0EmWknL096jIE6CnzF FRslQ3B1UKDjxVsm1ZHfir5NeWszLkTvGFsddFaWTgh8UycESG6VQzKXjjewXu2pG7YQYRpj QKm1W5X2TkwWkXRBZTmfmbhxIUMh3+zf5wQ463rSmDN/8v81tdqBtAW6rH/kzg1GvkaTHXn0 507yEHFzBksk2viAuIxxr7km8+/KARYLIdGtx30EG8cKzAUZOK6WqxtNCsXUJNrVE8CWrCaD icoNu7Fs1c5hmPHdSTnU48ce67449DdnO4neLSNhRiGlMHJgfJUmgrxu/hcYeOZ3haWmEQ2w uW1Mh01OHi8QZHCEyAbABrPs9GUgccc/4eYXX9hIgxfSkYzn8f+8NuIFPWl/0uTvjgqU29FQ SbzOLxHq9439Ox40G5mS5eZXRGxITYR+6TXvRGI6P/264jvflnr/pDGUttaikU+0W+1uxgKH cmYbEc7ATQRbGTU1AQgAn0H6UrFiWcovkh6EXVcl+SeqyO6JHOPm+e9Wu0Vw+VIUvXZVUVVQ La1PQDUi6j00ChlcR66g9/V0sPIcSutacPKfdKYOBvzd4rlhL8rfrdEsQw5ApZxrA8kYZVMh FmBRKAa6wos25moTlMKpCWzTH84+WO5+ziCTsTUZASAToz3RdunTD+vQcHj0GqNTPAHK63sf bAB2I0BslZkXkY1RLb/YhuA6E7JyEd2pilZOrIuBGl/5q2qSakgnAVFWFBR/DO27JuAksYnq +aH8vI0xGvwn75KqSk4UzAkDzWSmO4ZHuahKtQgZNsMYV+PGayRBX9b9zbldzopoLBdqHc4n jQARAQABwsF8BBgBCgAmAhsMFiEEqUDUNJksLo6ZED1QIk+n58yCpmQFAmfIHFQFCRYU6J8A CgkQIk+n58yCpmS2PA//bqN1LfcotmArgElsa+0EGZSQlYgK48pm8WAeTXTngudP9IJ4SuKY HR5RNjHcBeqN+Me0zxRqYzRb8nGanHEkDyf4Im8DQM8d6vbyU+FcPmG4skud4kgS1zMHnlVd SXfSIwKC/hKgdHG8aBV7545Lz9X6Iohea+94wneD0aw/hqF+QWewGZhWJriWAZtvEkzNjQOi 4U9F/trLten/x7bpphDSnDMKJtITbtzATT1Dq7o7VpIUK1nCTQALMuMjKCdi8OdU/+V+R3O4 0PXWvX8qrvqYapVbZ+9KqT74FsuB0Ya9uXwgBF2Q6cRuETZk5vqaqKxzqoQZCO8AOz/58j6O 2RHNy/mZEN+7tJ5Tsq42zVJ4jxsT8b9YplavCMsnBgDeRWhcbYhCyttoL7nYISyWg4kQYZ/P wIV3OuNv2f8iKYsxNsRuClOAF82+gvqOy1/1pprFjy8uo2pkoOrb63aOP3vO5VHnRKgra6dq NcaZ+c6J4H+nEJGi2SkHAUJz5oBzuThvPudLvPA/SK8sKoM01IRxSihev/S/5WLazXB1PGem OCbvzC1IjWJJraxiDJ5IygokapUa2RP7+WBR22skQ3SSl6G107QgWKSyTOGWEaRmV53vxQLV jXuCmzSSasTL60zq5yGrT4/DYQVSNEUiUbG4pYekxJujNeEDkUlky0Y= In-Reply-To: <20260722150006.3848560-5-hannes@cmpxchg.org> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 716754000E X-Rspam-User: X-Stat-Signature: antpcgami3q49z1bgq8wux3uyage1k78 X-Rspamd-Server: rspam04 X-HE-Tag: 1784819609-946920 X-HE-Meta: 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 pj/TUce6 0w0Te0nJak3qmIUA8T65U4wfrmBw45UbbhzQAlXazlnPWAXeFXERRsCebDoqXsM994Av2V+RBYoLGjJa9BuJ79Kz93CDmmUg3gAprDRlmFsiY9Ql0TgzOVg48UpQpBvlkj4CE0NKAglFyYIS/By1OIKH/WtUq0sUiioFJKRMYU7MOyRlbfXK8WrM7pc2qr2Md6oPfxlzuT5ny3J2UahbVn4NOeAiO61BhriTzrx7CY28XFwk4e7p679XyfAPEVw/x/UTfk9gaO8DYM7R0NS9qbLSvxRBF0edM1wVtcG3A225QjdVSH7WUBTuuyEq1Xi4wVBLETnXu9ZYaunud8T2AfS85SxjgHxSJN0e6tOAtQ7nD37PKKZamLW3wEiA9q1nGl6umVZmQwe9WwRw= Sender: owner-linux-mm@kvack.org Precedence: bulk X-Loop: owner-majordomo@kvack.org List-ID: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: On 7/22/26 16:56, Johannes Weiner wrote: > As we deployed defrag_mode into Meta production, pressure spikes and > excessive swapping were observed on some workloads. Tracing confirmed > that this is unmovable/reclaimable requests spinning in the allocator > and direct reclaim, causing excessive amounts of swap. > > The initial plan for defrag_mode was to rely on kswapd/kcompactd to > produce blocks, and if those are overwhelmed under high pressure, let > the allocator fall back (__rmqueue_steal()) after its retry loops. > However, that retrying results in more reclaim on some of these > workloads than we'd hoped, sometimes excessively so, spurred on by the > !costly order conditions in should_reclaim_retry(). > > The storms are dependent on the request type. Reclaim will inevitably > make room in existing movable blocks, since that's where the LRU pages > live. So if movable requests retry on reclaim, they make progress. > > When non-movable requests spin in reclaim that isn't productive. They > cannot use the individually freed pages, and the process is unlikely > to accidentally free whole blocks to meet the ALLOC_NOFRAGMENT bar. > They spin and overreclaim excessively, which tanks performance and > triggers userspace guards like swap exhaustion or pressure based OOM. > > To fix this, send non-movable requests, regardless of order, into > pageblock reclaim/compaction. This way, they help move things along to > meet the ALLOC_NOFRAGMENT bar. After this patch, the reclaim storms > and excess OOM rates are no longer observed in production. > > The longer-term plan is still to have all requests, including the > movable ones, help make blocks to spread the cost of defragmenting > more evenly and fairly; combined with proper watermarking to reduce > allocation latencies in the common case. However, doing this naively > unearths scaling and concurrency limitations in compaction that need > to be addressed first. Promoting just non-movables for now is the > minimally viable bug fix for the above issue. > > Fixes: e3aa7df331bc ("mm: page_alloc: defrag_mode") > Cc: > Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka (SUSE) > --- > mm/internal.h | 6 ++++++ > mm/page_alloc.c | 31 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++----- > 2 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) > > diff --git a/mm/internal.h b/mm/internal.h > index 6d3402001b93..5acba3470659 100644 > --- a/mm/internal.h > +++ b/mm/internal.h > @@ -1061,6 +1061,12 @@ struct compact_control { > struct capture_control { > struct zone *zone; > int migratetype; > + /* > + * Allocation request order. May differ from the compaction > + * order: defrag_mode promotes sub-block allocations to > + * pageblock-order compaction; capture still matches at the > + * original allocation order so prep_new_page() is consistent. > + */ Yeah, a premature capture can't jeopardize the full-pageblock clearing because compaction_capture() disallows capturing int order; > struct page *page; > }; > diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c > index 4b9686fedb71..f92055827ae9 100644 > --- a/mm/page_alloc.c > +++ b/mm/page_alloc.c > @@ -4152,8 +4152,24 @@ __alloc_pages_direct_compact(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order, > .order = order, > .page = NULL, > }; > + int compact_order = order; > > - if (!order) > + /* > + * If fallbacks are not permitted (defrag_mode), we either > + * need to reclaim space in a block of matching type, or clear > + * out an entire block to allow __rmqueue_claim() to convert. > + * > + * Reclaim by itself is primarily freeing space in movable > + * blocks, since that's where the LRU pages live. So this > + * works for movable requests, but not for others. > + * > + * For those, promote the order to help make blocks, instead > + * of spinning in reclaim alone unproductively. > + */ > + if ((alloc_flags & ALLOC_NOFRAGMENT) && ac->migratetype != MIGRATE_MOVABLE) > + compact_order = max(order, pageblock_order); > + > + if (!compact_order) > return NULL; > > psi_memstall_enter(&pflags); > @@ -4169,8 +4185,8 @@ __alloc_pages_direct_compact(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order, > barrier(); > WRITE_ONCE(current->capture_control, &capc); > > - *compact_result = try_to_compact_pages(gfp_mask, order, alloc_flags, ac, > - prio, &capc); > + *compact_result = try_to_compact_pages(gfp_mask, compact_order, > + alloc_flags, ac, prio, &capc); > > /* > * Make sure we hide capture control first before we read the captured > @@ -4215,7 +4231,7 @@ __alloc_pages_direct_compact(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order, > struct zone *zone = page_zone(page); > > zone->compact_blockskip_flush = false; > - compaction_defer_reset(zone, order, true); > + compaction_defer_reset(zone, compact_order, true); > count_vm_event(COMPACTSUCCESS); > return page; > } > @@ -4455,9 +4471,14 @@ __alloc_pages_direct_reclaim(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order, > struct page *page = NULL; > unsigned long pflags; > bool drained = false; > + int reclaim_order = order; > + > + /* Match the slowpath compaction promotion in __alloc_pages_direct_compact */ > + if ((alloc_flags & ALLOC_NOFRAGMENT) && ac->migratetype != MIGRATE_MOVABLE) > + reclaim_order = max(order, pageblock_order); > > psi_memstall_enter(&pflags); > - *did_some_progress = __perform_reclaim(gfp_mask, order, ac); > + *did_some_progress = __perform_reclaim(gfp_mask, reclaim_order, ac); > if (unlikely(!(*did_some_progress))) > goto out; >