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From: Rik van Riel To: Chris Li Cc: Gregory Price , Johannes Weiner , Baoquan He , Nhat Pham , Kairui Song , Michal Hocko , Roman Gushchin , Shakeel Butt , Yosry Ahmed , David Hildenbrand , Muchun Song , Kemeng Shi , Barry Song , YoungJun Park , Chengming Zhou , "Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)" , "Liam R. Howlett" , "Vlastimil Babka (SUSE)" , Mike Rapoport , Suren =?UTF-8?Q?Baghdasaryan=EF=BF=BC?= , Qi Zheng , Axel Rasmussen , Yuanchu Xie , Wei Xu , Wenchao Hao , Jonathan Corbet , Hugh Dickins , Baolin Wang , Tejun Heo , Michal =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Koutn=FD?= , Shuah Khan , Kunwu Chan , Meta kernel team , Linux Memory Management List , Linux Kernel Mailing List , linux-doc@vger.kernel.org, "open list:CONTROL GROUP - MEMORY RESOURCE CONTROLLER (MEMCG)" , Andrew Morton , Kairui Song , Joshua Hahn Date: Mon, 21 Sep 2026 12:36:08 -0400 In-Reply-To: References: Autocrypt: addr=riel@surriel.com; prefer-encrypt=mutual; keydata=mQENBFIt3aUBCADCK0LicyCYyMa0E1lodCDUBf6G+6C5UXKG1jEYwQu49cc/gUBTTk33A eo2hjn4JinVaPF3zfZprnKMEGGv4dHvEOCPWiNhlz5RtqH3SKJllq2dpeMS9RqbMvDA36rlJIIo47 Z/nl6IA8MDhSqyqdnTY8z7LnQHqq16jAqwo7Ll9qALXz4yG1ZdSCmo80VPetBZZPw7WMjo+1hByv/ lvdFnLfiQ52tayuuC1r9x2qZ/SYWd2M4p/f5CLmvG9UcnkbYFsKWz8bwOBWKg1PQcaYHLx06sHGdY dIDaeVvkIfMFwAprSo5EFU+aes2VB2ZjugOTbkkW2aPSWTRsBhPHhV6dABEBAAG0HlJpayB2YW4gU mllbCA8cmllbEByZWRoYXQuY29tPokBHwQwAQIACQUCW5LcVgIdIAAKCRDOed6ShMTeg05SB/986o gEgdq4byrtaBQKFg5LWfd8e+h+QzLOg/T8mSS3dJzFXe5JBOfvYg7Bj47xXi9I5sM+I9Lu9+1XVb/ r2rGJrU1DwA09TnmyFtK76bgMF0sBEh1ECILYNQTEIemzNFwOWLZZlEhZFRJsZyX+mtEp/WQIygHV WjwuP69VJw+fPQvLOGn4j8W9QXuvhha7u1QJ7mYx4dLGHrZlHdwDsqpvWsW+3rsIqs1BBe5/Itz9o 6y9gLNtQzwmSDioV8KhF85VmYInslhv5tUtMEppfdTLyX4SUKh8ftNIVmH9mXyRCZclSoa6IMd635 Jq1Pj2/Lp64tOzSvN5Y9zaiCc5FucXtB9SaWsgdmFuIFJpZWwgPHJpZWxAc3VycmllbC5jb20+iQE +BBMBAgAoBQJSLd2lAhsjBQkSzAMABgsJCAcDAgYVCAIJCgsEFgIDAQIeAQIXgAAKCRDOed6ShMTe g4PpB/0ZivKYFt0LaB22ssWUrBoeNWCP1NY/lkq2QbPhR3agLB7ZXI97PF2z/5QD9Fuy/FD/jddPx KRTvFCtHcEzTOcFjBmf52uqgt3U40H9GM++0IM0yHusd9EzlaWsbp09vsAV2DwdqS69x9RPbvE/Ne fO5subhocH76okcF/aQiQ+oj2j6LJZGBJBVigOHg+4zyzdDgKM+jp0bvDI51KQ4XfxV593OhvkS3z 3FPx0CE7l62WhWrieHyBblqvkTYgJ6dq4bsYpqxxGJOkQ47WpEUx6onH+rImWmPJbSYGhwBzTo0Mm G1Nb1qGPG+mTrSmJjDRxrwf1zjmYqQreWVSFEt26tBpSaWsgdmFuIFJpZWwgPHJpZWxAZmIuY29tP okBPgQTAQIAKAUCW5LbiAIbIwUJEswDAAYLCQgHAwIGFQgCCQoLBBYCAwECHgECF4AACgkQznneko TE3oOUEQgAsrGxjTC1bGtZyuvyQPcXclap11Ogib6rQywGYu6/Mnkbd6hbyY3wpdyQii/cas2S44N cQj8HkGv91JLVE24/Wt0gITPCH3rLVJJDGQxprHTVDs1t1RAbsbp0XTksZPCNWDGYIBo2aHDwErhI omYQ0Xluo1WBtH/UmHgirHvclsou1Ks9jyTxiPyUKRfae7GNOFiX99+ZlB27P3t8CjtSO831Ij0Ip QrfooZ21YVlUKw0Wy6Ll8EyefyrEYSh8KTm8dQj4O7xxvdg865TLeLpho5PwDRF+/mR3qi8CdGbkE c4pYZQO8UDXUN4S+pe0aTeTqlYw8rRHWF9TnvtpcNzZw== Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable User-Agent: Evolution 3.60.2 (3.60.2-1.fc44) MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Rspam-User: X-Stat-Signature: prnq6qtkfrjjy83sw8m9f3xj79hyg5td X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 3C13B40006 X-Rspamd-Server: rspam07 X-HE-Tag: 1790009179-678565 X-HE-Meta: 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 Od4sZFF/ ufffQpvvsNpmo43MwKJBmcTvaUlVaRrrJTE/yVW6OENazjzdufDcQsJFI+0ORrh/cphCzpT0FIW78h7IoPF04omoElNns4N26UIhPdmi+GchWcIhvH1uv39CSX5BuO042IBVZHeGiv0NpXfcsEz8OrYOxSh/p5hMGDb7wbWvkN3ZuHR0fZApvwGVLA/kjmo6CscKc9UmB8d/jY+djT3oQbcLjVhig4neaWZJYb2bSEWihtvIr4vxFb+lqcZ/cwexACbxq76uKjGn/dkDTfykbwHa8CEnfdze7w8lld1gHjwzS7o15nhaVFHJcMLWu1jiVzIYe7AZeD7FXJYZ796v05Kp4lIxeGxvzz+6rJmQHVVjQX7tIStPjhYUeygihtLeN+evRufoNgiQYT6aIJ9lYXtiLhQ== Sender: owner-linux-mm@kvack.org Precedence: bulk X-Loop: owner-majordomo@kvack.org List-ID: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: On Mon, 2026-09-21 at 06:31 -1000, Chris Li wrote: >=20 > Give me some real-world examples of people hitting this kind of > limit. > e.g. MAX(%)=C2=A0 > 100% and still have a usesable system. I suspect that > with 100% zswap usage, the system becomes unusable. Please show me a > real world case that proves me wrong. >=20 Here's my desktop system right now. The amount of Zswapped is more than twice AnonPages, and the system stays perfectly usable. $ grep -E '(Anon|Zswap|GPU|Swap)' /proc/meminfo=20 SwapCached: 252340 kB SwapTotal: 41523604 kB SwapFree: 9802088 kB Zswap: 8812236 kB Zswapped: 24927876 kB AnonPages: 11615760 kB AnonHugePages: 1402880 kB GPUActive: 13112428 kB GPUReclaim: 95980 kB This is also an example where I cannot really predict how much zswap space I need, because that depends on what AI model is loaded, which drives the GPUActive number, as well as the number of browser tabs. The system is perfectly responsive. --=20 All Rights Reversed.