[PATCH v2 0/3] Better split_huge_page_test result check

[PATCH v2 0/3] Better split_huge_page_test result check

[Zi Yan]

This patchset uses kpageflags to get after-split folio orders for a better
split_huge_page_test result check[1]. The added gather_folio_orders() scans
through a VPN range and collects the numbers of folios at different orders.
check_folio_orders() compares the result of gather_folio_orders() to
a given list of numbers of different orders.

This patchset also added new order and in folio offset to the split huge
page debugfs's pr_debug()s;

Changelog
===
From V1[2]:
1. Dropped split_huge_pages_pid() for loop step change to avoid messing
   up with PTE-mapped THP handling. split_huge_page_test.c is changed to
   perform split at [addr, addr + pagesize) range to limit one
   folio_split() per folio.
2. Moved pr_debug changes in Patch 2 to Patch 1.
3. Moved KPF_* to vm_util.h and used PAGEMAP_PFN instead of local PFN_MASK.
4. Used pagemap_get_pfn() helper.
5. Used char *vaddr and size_t len as inputs to gather_folio_orders() and
   check_folio_orders() instead of vpn and nr_pages.
6. Removed variable length variables and used malloc instead.

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/e2f32bdb-e4a4-447c-867c-31405cbba151@redhat.com/
[2] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20250806022045.342824-1-ziy@nvidia.com/


Zi Yan (3):
  mm/huge_memory: add new_order and offset to split_huge_pages*()
    pr_debug.
  selftests/mm: add check_folio_orders() helper.
  selftests/mm: check after-split folio orders in split_huge_page_test.

 mm/huge_memory.c                              |   8 +-
 .../selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c       | 102 ++++++++++----
 tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.c          | 133 ++++++++++++++++++
 tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.h          |   7 +
 4 files changed, 217 insertions(+), 33 deletions(-)

-- 
2.47.2

[PATCH v2 1/3] mm/huge_memory: add new_order and offset to split_huge_pages*() pr_debug.

[Zi Yan]

They are useful information for debugging split huge page tests.

Signed-off-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
---
 mm/huge_memory.c | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mm/huge_memory.c b/mm/huge_memory.c
index 2b4ea5a2ce7d..ebf875928bac 100644
--- a/mm/huge_memory.c
+++ b/mm/huge_memory.c
@@ -4327,8 +4327,8 @@ static int split_huge_pages_pid(int pid, unsigned long vaddr_start,
 		goto out;
 	}
 
-	pr_debug("Split huge pages in pid: %d, vaddr: [0x%lx - 0x%lx]\n",
-		 pid, vaddr_start, vaddr_end);
+	pr_debug("Split huge pages in pid: %d, vaddr: [0x%lx - 0x%lx], new_order: %u, in_folio_offset: %ld\n",
+		 pid, vaddr_start, vaddr_end, new_order, in_folio_offset);
 
 	mmap_read_lock(mm);
 	/*
@@ -4438,8 +4438,8 @@ static int split_huge_pages_in_file(const char *file_path, pgoff_t off_start,
 	if (IS_ERR(candidate))
 		goto out;
 
-	pr_debug("split file-backed THPs in file: %s, page offset: [0x%lx - 0x%lx]\n",
-		 file_path, off_start, off_end);
+	pr_debug("split file-backed THPs in file: %s, page offset: [0x%lx - 0x%lx], new_order: %u, in_folio_offset: %ld\n",
+		 file_path, off_start, off_end, new_order, in_folio_offset);
 
 	mapping = candidate->f_mapping;
 	min_order = mapping_min_folio_order(mapping);
-- 
2.47.2

Re: [PATCH v2 1/3] mm/huge_memory: add new_order and offset to split_huge_pages*() pr_debug.

[Wei Yang]

On Fri, Aug 08, 2025 at 03:01:42PM -0400, Zi Yan wrote:
>They are useful information for debugging split huge page tests.
>
>Signed-off-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>

Reviewed-by: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com>

-- 
Wei Yang
Help you, Help me

Re: [PATCH v2 1/3] mm/huge_memory: add new_order and offset to split_huge_pages*() pr_debug.

[Donet Tom]

On 8/9/25 12:31 AM, Zi Yan wrote:
> They are useful information for debugging split huge page tests.
>
> Signed-off-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
> ---
>   mm/huge_memory.c | 8 ++++----
>   1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/mm/huge_memory.c b/mm/huge_memory.c
> index 2b4ea5a2ce7d..ebf875928bac 100644
> --- a/mm/huge_memory.c
> +++ b/mm/huge_memory.c
> @@ -4327,8 +4327,8 @@ static int split_huge_pages_pid(int pid, unsigned long vaddr_start,
>   		goto out;
>   	}
>   
> -	pr_debug("Split huge pages in pid: %d, vaddr: [0x%lx - 0x%lx]\n",
> -		 pid, vaddr_start, vaddr_end);
> +	pr_debug("Split huge pages in pid: %d, vaddr: [0x%lx - 0x%lx], new_order: %u, in_folio_offset: %ld\n",
> +		 pid, vaddr_start, vaddr_end, new_order, in_folio_offset);
>   
>   	mmap_read_lock(mm);
>   	/*
> @@ -4438,8 +4438,8 @@ static int split_huge_pages_in_file(const char *file_path, pgoff_t off_start,
>   	if (IS_ERR(candidate))
>   		goto out;
>   
> -	pr_debug("split file-backed THPs in file: %s, page offset: [0x%lx - 0x%lx]\n",
> -		 file_path, off_start, off_end);
> +	pr_debug("split file-backed THPs in file: %s, page offset: [0x%lx - 0x%lx], new_order: %u, in_folio_offset: %ld\n",
> +		 file_path, off_start, off_end, new_order, in_folio_offset);
>   

LGTM

Reviewed by : Donet Tom <donettom@linux.ibm.com>

>   	mapping = candidate->f_mapping;
>   	min_order = mapping_min_folio_order(mapping);

Re: [PATCH v2 1/3] mm/huge_memory: add new_order and offset to split_huge_pages*() pr_debug.

[wang lian]

> They are useful information for debugging split huge page tests.

> Signed-off-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
> ---

Yes. LGTM.
Reviewed-by: wang lian <lianux.mm@gmail.com>

Best regards,
wang lian

Re: [PATCH v2 1/3] mm/huge_memory: add new_order and offset to split_huge_pages*() pr_debug.

[Baolin Wang]

On 2025/8/9 03:01, Zi Yan wrote:
> They are useful information for debugging split huge page tests.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
> ---

LGTM.
Reviewed-by: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com>

>   mm/huge_memory.c | 8 ++++----
>   1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/mm/huge_memory.c b/mm/huge_memory.c
> index 2b4ea5a2ce7d..ebf875928bac 100644
> --- a/mm/huge_memory.c
> +++ b/mm/huge_memory.c
> @@ -4327,8 +4327,8 @@ static int split_huge_pages_pid(int pid, unsigned long vaddr_start,
>   		goto out;
>   	}
>   
> -	pr_debug("Split huge pages in pid: %d, vaddr: [0x%lx - 0x%lx]\n",
> -		 pid, vaddr_start, vaddr_end);
> +	pr_debug("Split huge pages in pid: %d, vaddr: [0x%lx - 0x%lx], new_order: %u, in_folio_offset: %ld\n",
> +		 pid, vaddr_start, vaddr_end, new_order, in_folio_offset);
>   
>   	mmap_read_lock(mm);
>   	/*
> @@ -4438,8 +4438,8 @@ static int split_huge_pages_in_file(const char *file_path, pgoff_t off_start,
>   	if (IS_ERR(candidate))
>   		goto out;
>   
> -	pr_debug("split file-backed THPs in file: %s, page offset: [0x%lx - 0x%lx]\n",
> -		 file_path, off_start, off_end);
> +	pr_debug("split file-backed THPs in file: %s, page offset: [0x%lx - 0x%lx], new_order: %u, in_folio_offset: %ld\n",
> +		 file_path, off_start, off_end, new_order, in_folio_offset);
>   
>   	mapping = candidate->f_mapping;
>   	min_order = mapping_min_folio_order(mapping);

Re: [PATCH v2 1/3] mm/huge_memory: add new_order and offset to split_huge_pages*() pr_debug.

[Barry Song]

On Sat, Aug 9, 2025 at 3:02 AM Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> wrote:
>
> They are useful information for debugging split huge page tests.
>
> Signed-off-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>

LGTM.
Reviewed-by: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org>

> ---
>  mm/huge_memory.c | 8 ++++----
>  1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/mm/huge_memory.c b/mm/huge_memory.c
> index 2b4ea5a2ce7d..ebf875928bac 100644
> --- a/mm/huge_memory.c
> +++ b/mm/huge_memory.c
> @@ -4327,8 +4327,8 @@ static int split_huge_pages_pid(int pid, unsigned long vaddr_start,
>                 goto out;
>         }
>
> -       pr_debug("Split huge pages in pid: %d, vaddr: [0x%lx - 0x%lx]\n",
> -                pid, vaddr_start, vaddr_end);
> +       pr_debug("Split huge pages in pid: %d, vaddr: [0x%lx - 0x%lx], new_order: %u, in_folio_offset: %ld\n",
> +                pid, vaddr_start, vaddr_end, new_order, in_folio_offset);
>
>         mmap_read_lock(mm);
>         /*
> @@ -4438,8 +4438,8 @@ static int split_huge_pages_in_file(const char *file_path, pgoff_t off_start,
>         if (IS_ERR(candidate))
>                 goto out;
>
> -       pr_debug("split file-backed THPs in file: %s, page offset: [0x%lx - 0x%lx]\n",
> -                file_path, off_start, off_end);
> +       pr_debug("split file-backed THPs in file: %s, page offset: [0x%lx - 0x%lx], new_order: %u, in_folio_offset: %ld\n",
> +                file_path, off_start, off_end, new_order, in_folio_offset);
>
>         mapping = candidate->f_mapping;
>         min_order = mapping_min_folio_order(mapping);
> --
> 2.47.2
>

Thanks
Barry

Re: [PATCH v2 1/3] mm/huge_memory: add new_order and offset to split_huge_pages*() pr_debug.

[David Hildenbrand]

On 08.08.25 21:01, Zi Yan wrote:
> They are useful information for debugging split huge page tests.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
> ---
>   mm/huge_memory.c | 8 ++++----
>   1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/mm/huge_memory.c b/mm/huge_memory.c
> index 2b4ea5a2ce7d..ebf875928bac 100644
> --- a/mm/huge_memory.c
> +++ b/mm/huge_memory.c
> @@ -4327,8 +4327,8 @@ static int split_huge_pages_pid(int pid, unsigned long vaddr_start,
>   		goto out;
>   	}
>   
> -	pr_debug("Split huge pages in pid: %d, vaddr: [0x%lx - 0x%lx]\n",
> -		 pid, vaddr_start, vaddr_end);
> +	pr_debug("Split huge pages in pid: %d, vaddr: [0x%lx - 0x%lx], new_order: %u, in_folio_offset: %ld\n",
> +		 pid, vaddr_start, vaddr_end, new_order, in_folio_offset);
>   
>   	mmap_read_lock(mm);
>   	/*
> @@ -4438,8 +4438,8 @@ static int split_huge_pages_in_file(const char *file_path, pgoff_t off_start,
>   	if (IS_ERR(candidate))
>   		goto out;
>   
> -	pr_debug("split file-backed THPs in file: %s, page offset: [0x%lx - 0x%lx]\n",
> -		 file_path, off_start, off_end);
> +	pr_debug("split file-backed THPs in file: %s, page offset: [0x%lx - 0x%lx], new_order: %u, in_folio_offset: %ld\n",
> +		 file_path, off_start, off_end, new_order, in_folio_offset);
>   
>   	mapping = candidate->f_mapping;
>   	min_order = mapping_min_folio_order(mapping);

Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>

-- 
Cheers,

David / dhildenb

[PATCH v2 2/3] selftests/mm: add check_folio_orders() helper.

[Zi Yan]

The helper gathers an folio order statistics of folios within a virtual
address range and checks it against a given order list. It aims to provide
a more precise folio order check instead of just checking the existence of
PMD folios.

Signed-off-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
---
 .../selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c       |   4 +-
 tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.c          | 133 ++++++++++++++++++
 tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.h          |   7 +
 3 files changed, 141 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c
index cb364c5670c6..5ab488fab1cd 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c
@@ -34,8 +34,6 @@ uint64_t pmd_pagesize;
 #define PID_FMT_OFFSET "%d,0x%lx,0x%lx,%d,%d"
 #define PATH_FMT "%s,0x%lx,0x%lx,%d"
 
-#define PFN_MASK     ((1UL<<55)-1)
-#define KPF_THP      (1UL<<22)
 #define GET_ORDER(nr_pages)    (31 - __builtin_clz(nr_pages))
 
 int is_backed_by_thp(char *vaddr, int pagemap_file, int kpageflags_file)
@@ -49,7 +47,7 @@ int is_backed_by_thp(char *vaddr, int pagemap_file, int kpageflags_file)
 
 		if (kpageflags_file) {
 			pread(kpageflags_file, &page_flags, sizeof(page_flags),
-				(paddr & PFN_MASK) * sizeof(page_flags));
+				PAGEMAP_PFN(paddr) * sizeof(page_flags));
 
 			return !!(page_flags & KPF_THP);
 		}
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.c b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.c
index 6a239aa413e2..41d50b74b2f6 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.c
@@ -338,6 +338,139 @@ int detect_hugetlb_page_sizes(size_t sizes[], int max)
 	return count;
 }
 
+static int get_page_flags(char *vaddr, int pagemap_file, int kpageflags_file,
+			  uint64_t *flags)
+{
+	unsigned long pfn;
+	size_t count;
+
+	pfn = pagemap_get_pfn(pagemap_file, vaddr);
+	/*
+	 * Treat non-present page as a page without any flag, so that
+	 * gather_folio_orders() just record the current folio order.
+	 */
+	if (pfn == -1UL) {
+		*flags = 0;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	count = pread(kpageflags_file, flags, sizeof(*flags),
+		      pfn * sizeof(*flags));
+
+	if (count != sizeof(*flags))
+		return -1;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int gather_folio_orders(char *vaddr_start, size_t len,
+			       int pagemap_file, int kpageflags_file,
+			       int orders[], int nr_orders)
+{
+	uint64_t page_flags = 0;
+	int cur_order = -1;
+	char *vaddr;
+
+	if (!pagemap_file || !kpageflags_file)
+		return -1;
+	if (nr_orders <= 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	for (vaddr = vaddr_start; vaddr < vaddr_start + len; ) {
+		char *next_folio_vaddr;
+		int status;
+
+		if (get_page_flags(vaddr, pagemap_file, kpageflags_file, &page_flags))
+			return -1;
+
+		/* all order-0 pages with possible false postive (non folio) */
+		if (!(page_flags & (KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD | KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL))) {
+			orders[0]++;
+			vaddr += psize();
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* skip non thp compound pages */
+		if (!(page_flags & KPF_THP)) {
+			vaddr += psize();
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* vpn points to part of a THP at this point */
+		if (page_flags & KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD)
+			cur_order = 1;
+		else {
+			/* not a head nor a tail in a THP? */
+			if (!(page_flags & KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL))
+				return -1;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		next_folio_vaddr = vaddr + (1UL << (cur_order + pshift()));
+
+		if (next_folio_vaddr >= vaddr_start + len)
+			break;
+
+		while (!(status = get_page_flags(next_folio_vaddr, pagemap_file,
+						 kpageflags_file,
+						 &page_flags))) {
+			/* next compound head page or order-0 page */
+			if ((page_flags & KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD) ||
+			    !(page_flags & (KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD |
+			      KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL))) {
+				if (cur_order < nr_orders) {
+					orders[cur_order]++;
+					cur_order = -1;
+					vaddr = next_folio_vaddr;
+				}
+				break;
+			}
+
+			/* not a head nor a tail in a THP? */
+			if (!(page_flags & KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL))
+				return -1;
+
+			cur_order++;
+			next_folio_vaddr = vaddr + (1UL << (cur_order + pshift()));
+		}
+
+		if (status)
+			return status;
+	}
+	if (cur_order > 0 && cur_order < nr_orders)
+		orders[cur_order]++;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int check_folio_orders(char *vaddr_start, size_t len, int pagemap_file,
+			int kpageflags_file, int orders[], int nr_orders)
+{
+	int *vaddr_orders;
+	int status;
+	int i;
+
+	vaddr_orders = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * nr_orders);
+
+	if (!vaddr_orders)
+		ksft_exit_fail_msg("Cannot allocate memory for vaddr_orders");
+
+	memset(vaddr_orders, 0, sizeof(int) * nr_orders);
+	status = gather_folio_orders(vaddr_start, len, pagemap_file,
+				     kpageflags_file, vaddr_orders, nr_orders);
+	if (status)
+		return status;
+
+	status = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_orders; i++)
+		if (vaddr_orders[i] != orders[i]) {
+			ksft_print_msg("order %d: expected: %d got %d\n", i,
+				       orders[i], vaddr_orders[i]);
+			status = -1;
+		}
+
+	return status;
+}
+
 /* If `ioctls' non-NULL, the allowed ioctls will be returned into the var */
 int uffd_register_with_ioctls(int uffd, void *addr, uint64_t len,
 			      bool miss, bool wp, bool minor, uint64_t *ioctls)
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.h b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.h
index 1843ad48d32b..02e3f1e7065b 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.h
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.h
@@ -18,6 +18,11 @@
 #define PM_SWAP                       BIT_ULL(62)
 #define PM_PRESENT                    BIT_ULL(63)
 
+#define KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD             BIT_ULL(15)
+#define KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL             BIT_ULL(16)
+#define KPF_THP                       BIT_ULL(22)
+
+
 /*
  * Ignore the checkpatch warning, we must read from x but don't want to do
  * anything with it in order to trigger a read page fault. We therefore must use
@@ -85,6 +90,8 @@ bool check_huge_shmem(void *addr, int nr_hpages, uint64_t hpage_size);
 int64_t allocate_transhuge(void *ptr, int pagemap_fd);
 unsigned long default_huge_page_size(void);
 int detect_hugetlb_page_sizes(size_t sizes[], int max);
+int check_folio_orders(char *vaddr_start, size_t len, int pagemap_file,
+			int kpageflags_file, int orders[], int nr_orders);
 
 int uffd_register(int uffd, void *addr, uint64_t len,
 		  bool miss, bool wp, bool minor);
-- 
2.47.2

Re: [PATCH v2 2/3] selftests/mm: add check_folio_orders() helper.

[Wei Yang]

On Fri, Aug 08, 2025 at 03:01:43PM -0400, Zi Yan wrote:
>The helper gathers an folio order statistics of folios within a virtual
>address range and checks it against a given order list. It aims to provide
>a more precise folio order check instead of just checking the existence of
>PMD folios.
>
>Signed-off-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
>---
> .../selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c       |   4 +-
> tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.c          | 133 ++++++++++++++++++
> tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.h          |   7 +
> 3 files changed, 141 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
>
>diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c
>index cb364c5670c6..5ab488fab1cd 100644
>--- a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c
>+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c
>@@ -34,8 +34,6 @@ uint64_t pmd_pagesize;
> #define PID_FMT_OFFSET "%d,0x%lx,0x%lx,%d,%d"
> #define PATH_FMT "%s,0x%lx,0x%lx,%d"
> 
>-#define PFN_MASK     ((1UL<<55)-1)
>-#define KPF_THP      (1UL<<22)
> #define GET_ORDER(nr_pages)    (31 - __builtin_clz(nr_pages))
> 
> int is_backed_by_thp(char *vaddr, int pagemap_file, int kpageflags_file)
>@@ -49,7 +47,7 @@ int is_backed_by_thp(char *vaddr, int pagemap_file, int kpageflags_file)
> 
> 		if (kpageflags_file) {
> 			pread(kpageflags_file, &page_flags, sizeof(page_flags),
>-				(paddr & PFN_MASK) * sizeof(page_flags));
>+				PAGEMAP_PFN(paddr) * sizeof(page_flags));
> 

is_backed_by_thp() shares similar logic as get_page_flags(), I am thinking we can
leverage get_page_flags() here.

> 			return !!(page_flags & KPF_THP);
> 		}
>diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.c b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.c
>index 6a239aa413e2..41d50b74b2f6 100644
>--- a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.c
>+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.c
>@@ -338,6 +338,139 @@ int detect_hugetlb_page_sizes(size_t sizes[], int max)
> 	return count;
> }
> 
>+static int get_page_flags(char *vaddr, int pagemap_file, int kpageflags_file,
>+			  uint64_t *flags)
>+{

Nit.

In vm_util.c, we usually name the file descriptor as xxx_fd.

>+	unsigned long pfn;
>+	size_t count;
>+
>+	pfn = pagemap_get_pfn(pagemap_file, vaddr);
>+	/*
>+	 * Treat non-present page as a page without any flag, so that
>+	 * gather_folio_orders() just record the current folio order.
>+	 */
>+	if (pfn == -1UL) {
>+		*flags = 0;
>+		return 0;
>+	}
>+
>+	count = pread(kpageflags_file, flags, sizeof(*flags),
>+		      pfn * sizeof(*flags));
>+
>+	if (count != sizeof(*flags))
>+		return -1;
>+
>+	return 0;
>+}
>+

Maybe a simple document here would be helpful.

>+static int gather_folio_orders(char *vaddr_start, size_t len,
>+			       int pagemap_file, int kpageflags_file,
>+			       int orders[], int nr_orders)
>+{
>+	uint64_t page_flags = 0;
>+	int cur_order = -1;
>+	char *vaddr;
>+
>+	if (!pagemap_file || !kpageflags_file)
>+		return -1;
>+	if (nr_orders <= 0)
>+		return -1;
>+
>+	for (vaddr = vaddr_start; vaddr < vaddr_start + len; ) {
>+		char *next_folio_vaddr;
>+		int status;
>+
>+		if (get_page_flags(vaddr, pagemap_file, kpageflags_file, &page_flags))
>+			return -1;
>+
>+		/* all order-0 pages with possible false postive (non folio) */
>+		if (!(page_flags & (KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD | KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL))) {
>+			orders[0]++;
>+			vaddr += psize();
>+			continue;
>+		}
>+
>+		/* skip non thp compound pages */
>+		if (!(page_flags & KPF_THP)) {
>+			vaddr += psize();
>+			continue;
>+		}
>+
>+		/* vpn points to part of a THP at this point */
>+		if (page_flags & KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD)
>+			cur_order = 1;
>+		else {
>+			/* not a head nor a tail in a THP? */
>+			if (!(page_flags & KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL))
>+				return -1;
>+			continue;
>+		}
>+
>+		next_folio_vaddr = vaddr + (1UL << (cur_order + pshift()));
>+
>+		if (next_folio_vaddr >= vaddr_start + len)
>+			break;

Would we skip order 1 folio at the last position?

For example, vaddr_start is 0x2000, len is 0x2000 and the folio at vaddr_start
is an order 1 folio, whose size is exactly 0x2000.

Then we will get next_folio_vaddr == vaddr_start + len.

Could that happen?

>+
>+		while (!(status = get_page_flags(next_folio_vaddr, pagemap_file,
>+						 kpageflags_file,
>+						 &page_flags))) {
>+			/* next compound head page or order-0 page */
>+			if ((page_flags & KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD) ||
>+			    !(page_flags & (KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD |
>+			      KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL))) {

Maybe we can put them into one line.

>+				if (cur_order < nr_orders) {
>+					orders[cur_order]++;
>+					cur_order = -1;
>+					vaddr = next_folio_vaddr;
>+				}
>+				break;
>+			}
>+
>+			/* not a head nor a tail in a THP? */
>+			if (!(page_flags & KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL))
>+				return -1;
>+
>+			cur_order++;
>+			next_folio_vaddr = vaddr + (1UL << (cur_order + pshift()));
>+		}

The while loop share similar logic as the outer for loop. Is it possible
reduce some duplication?

>+
>+		if (status)
>+			return status;
>+	}
>+	if (cur_order > 0 && cur_order < nr_orders)
>+		orders[cur_order]++;
>+	return 0;
>+}
>+
>+int check_folio_orders(char *vaddr_start, size_t len, int pagemap_file,
>+			int kpageflags_file, int orders[], int nr_orders)
>+{
>+	int *vaddr_orders;
>+	int status;
>+	int i;
>+
>+	vaddr_orders = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * nr_orders);
>+

I took a look into thp_setting.h, where defines an array with NR_ORDERS
element which is 20. Maybe we can leverage it here, since we don't expect the
order to be larger.

>+	if (!vaddr_orders)
>+		ksft_exit_fail_msg("Cannot allocate memory for vaddr_orders");
>+
>+	memset(vaddr_orders, 0, sizeof(int) * nr_orders);
>+	status = gather_folio_orders(vaddr_start, len, pagemap_file,
>+				     kpageflags_file, vaddr_orders, nr_orders);
>+	if (status)
>+		return status;
>+
>+	status = 0;
>+	for (i = 0; i < nr_orders; i++)
>+		if (vaddr_orders[i] != orders[i]) {
>+			ksft_print_msg("order %d: expected: %d got %d\n", i,
>+				       orders[i], vaddr_orders[i]);
>+			status = -1;
>+		}
>+
>+	return status;
>+}
>+
> /* If `ioctls' non-NULL, the allowed ioctls will be returned into the var */
> int uffd_register_with_ioctls(int uffd, void *addr, uint64_t len,
> 			      bool miss, bool wp, bool minor, uint64_t *ioctls)
>diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.h b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.h
>index 1843ad48d32b..02e3f1e7065b 100644
>--- a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.h
>+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.h
>@@ -18,6 +18,11 @@
> #define PM_SWAP                       BIT_ULL(62)
> #define PM_PRESENT                    BIT_ULL(63)
> 
>+#define KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD             BIT_ULL(15)
>+#define KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL             BIT_ULL(16)
>+#define KPF_THP                       BIT_ULL(22)
>+
>+
> /*
>  * Ignore the checkpatch warning, we must read from x but don't want to do
>  * anything with it in order to trigger a read page fault. We therefore must use
>@@ -85,6 +90,8 @@ bool check_huge_shmem(void *addr, int nr_hpages, uint64_t hpage_size);
> int64_t allocate_transhuge(void *ptr, int pagemap_fd);
> unsigned long default_huge_page_size(void);
> int detect_hugetlb_page_sizes(size_t sizes[], int max);
>+int check_folio_orders(char *vaddr_start, size_t len, int pagemap_file,
>+			int kpageflags_file, int orders[], int nr_orders);
> 
> int uffd_register(int uffd, void *addr, uint64_t len,
> 		  bool miss, bool wp, bool minor);
>-- 
>2.47.2

-- 
Wei Yang
Help you, Help me

Re: [PATCH v2 2/3] selftests/mm: add check_folio_orders() helper.

[Zi Yan]

On 9 Aug 2025, at 16:18, Wei Yang wrote:

> On Fri, Aug 08, 2025 at 03:01:43PM -0400, Zi Yan wrote:
>> The helper gathers an folio order statistics of folios within a virtual
>> address range and checks it against a given order list. It aims to provide
>> a more precise folio order check instead of just checking the existence of
>> PMD folios.
>>
>> Signed-off-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
>> ---
>> .../selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c       |   4 +-
>> tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.c          | 133 ++++++++++++++++++
>> tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.h          |   7 +
>> 3 files changed, 141 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
>>
>> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c
>> index cb364c5670c6..5ab488fab1cd 100644
>> --- a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c
>> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c
>> @@ -34,8 +34,6 @@ uint64_t pmd_pagesize;
>> #define PID_FMT_OFFSET "%d,0x%lx,0x%lx,%d,%d"
>> #define PATH_FMT "%s,0x%lx,0x%lx,%d"
>>
>> -#define PFN_MASK     ((1UL<<55)-1)
>> -#define KPF_THP      (1UL<<22)
>> #define GET_ORDER(nr_pages)    (31 - __builtin_clz(nr_pages))
>>
>> int is_backed_by_thp(char *vaddr, int pagemap_file, int kpageflags_file)
>> @@ -49,7 +47,7 @@ int is_backed_by_thp(char *vaddr, int pagemap_file, int kpageflags_file)
>>
>> 		if (kpageflags_file) {
>> 			pread(kpageflags_file, &page_flags, sizeof(page_flags),
>> -				(paddr & PFN_MASK) * sizeof(page_flags));
>> +				PAGEMAP_PFN(paddr) * sizeof(page_flags));
>>
>
> is_backed_by_thp() shares similar logic as get_page_flags(), I am thinking we can
> leverage get_page_flags() here.

I was lazy for this one. I will use check_folio_orders() in the next version.

>
>> 			return !!(page_flags & KPF_THP);
>> 		}
>> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.c b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.c
>> index 6a239aa413e2..41d50b74b2f6 100644
>> --- a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.c
>> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.c
>> @@ -338,6 +338,139 @@ int detect_hugetlb_page_sizes(size_t sizes[], int max)
>> 	return count;
>> }
>>
>> +static int get_page_flags(char *vaddr, int pagemap_file, int kpageflags_file,
>> +			  uint64_t *flags)
>> +{
>
> Nit.
>
> In vm_util.c, we usually name the file descriptor as xxx_fd.

OK. I can rename them.
>
>> +	unsigned long pfn;
>> +	size_t count;
>> +
>> +	pfn = pagemap_get_pfn(pagemap_file, vaddr);
>> +	/*
>> +	 * Treat non-present page as a page without any flag, so that
>> +	 * gather_folio_orders() just record the current folio order.
>> +	 */
>> +	if (pfn == -1UL) {
>> +		*flags = 0;
>> +		return 0;
>> +	}
>> +
>> +	count = pread(kpageflags_file, flags, sizeof(*flags),
>> +		      pfn * sizeof(*flags));
>> +
>> +	if (count != sizeof(*flags))
>> +		return -1;
>> +
>> +	return 0;
>> +}
>> +
>
> Maybe a simple document here would be helpful.

Will do.

>
>> +static int gather_folio_orders(char *vaddr_start, size_t len,
>> +			       int pagemap_file, int kpageflags_file,
>> +			       int orders[], int nr_orders)
>> +{
>> +	uint64_t page_flags = 0;
>> +	int cur_order = -1;
>> +	char *vaddr;
>> +
>> +	if (!pagemap_file || !kpageflags_file)
>> +		return -1;
>> +	if (nr_orders <= 0)
>> +		return -1;
>> +
>> +	for (vaddr = vaddr_start; vaddr < vaddr_start + len; ) {
>> +		char *next_folio_vaddr;
>> +		int status;
>> +
>> +		if (get_page_flags(vaddr, pagemap_file, kpageflags_file, &page_flags))
>> +			return -1;
>> +
>> +		/* all order-0 pages with possible false postive (non folio) */
>> +		if (!(page_flags & (KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD | KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL))) {
>> +			orders[0]++;
>> +			vaddr += psize();
>> +			continue;
>> +		}
>> +
>> +		/* skip non thp compound pages */
>> +		if (!(page_flags & KPF_THP)) {
>> +			vaddr += psize();
>> +			continue;
>> +		}
>> +
>> +		/* vpn points to part of a THP at this point */
>> +		if (page_flags & KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD)
>> +			cur_order = 1;
>> +		else {
>> +			/* not a head nor a tail in a THP? */
>> +			if (!(page_flags & KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL))
>> +				return -1;
>> +			continue;
>> +		}
>> +
>> +		next_folio_vaddr = vaddr + (1UL << (cur_order + pshift()));
>> +
>> +		if (next_folio_vaddr >= vaddr_start + len)
>> +			break;
>
> Would we skip order 1 folio at the last position?
>
> For example, vaddr_start is 0x2000, len is 0x2000 and the folio at vaddr_start
> is an order 1 folio, whose size is exactly 0x2000.
>
> Then we will get next_folio_vaddr == vaddr_start + len.
>
> Could that happen?

No. After the loop, there is code checking cur_order and updating orders[].

>
>> +
>> +		while (!(status = get_page_flags(next_folio_vaddr, pagemap_file,
>> +						 kpageflags_file,
>> +						 &page_flags))) {
>> +			/* next compound head page or order-0 page */
>> +			if ((page_flags & KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD) ||
>> +			    !(page_flags & (KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD |
>> +			      KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL))) {
>
> Maybe we can put them into one line.

Sure.

>
>> +				if (cur_order < nr_orders) {
>> +					orders[cur_order]++;
>> +					cur_order = -1;
>> +					vaddr = next_folio_vaddr;
>> +				}
>> +				break;
>> +			}
>> +
>> +			/* not a head nor a tail in a THP? */
>> +			if (!(page_flags & KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL))
>> +				return -1;
>> +
>> +			cur_order++;
>> +			next_folio_vaddr = vaddr + (1UL << (cur_order + pshift()));
>> +		}
>
> The while loop share similar logic as the outer for loop. Is it possible
> reduce some duplication?

Outer loop is to filter order-0 and non head pages and while loop is
to find current THP/mTHP orders. It would be messy to combine them.
But feel free to provide ideas if you see a way.

>
>> +
>> +		if (status)
>> +			return status;
>> +	}
>> +	if (cur_order > 0 && cur_order < nr_orders)
>> +		orders[cur_order]++;
>> +	return 0;
>> +}
>> +
>> +int check_folio_orders(char *vaddr_start, size_t len, int pagemap_file,
>> +			int kpageflags_file, int orders[], int nr_orders)
>> +{
>> +	int *vaddr_orders;
>> +	int status;
>> +	int i;
>> +
>> +	vaddr_orders = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * nr_orders);
>> +
>
> I took a look into thp_setting.h, where defines an array with NR_ORDERS
> element which is 20. Maybe we can leverage it here, since we don't expect the
> order to be larger.
>

20 is too large for current use. We can revisit this when the function
gets more users.

>> +	if (!vaddr_orders)
>> +		ksft_exit_fail_msg("Cannot allocate memory for vaddr_orders");
>> +
>> +	memset(vaddr_orders, 0, sizeof(int) * nr_orders);
>> +	status = gather_folio_orders(vaddr_start, len, pagemap_file,
>> +				     kpageflags_file, vaddr_orders, nr_orders);
>> +	if (status)
>> +		return status;
>> +
>> +	status = 0;
>> +	for (i = 0; i < nr_orders; i++)
>> +		if (vaddr_orders[i] != orders[i]) {
>> +			ksft_print_msg("order %d: expected: %d got %d\n", i,
>> +				       orders[i], vaddr_orders[i]);
>> +			status = -1;
>> +		}
>> +
>> +	return status;
>> +}
>> +
>> /* If `ioctls' non-NULL, the allowed ioctls will be returned into the var */
>> int uffd_register_with_ioctls(int uffd, void *addr, uint64_t len,
>> 			      bool miss, bool wp, bool minor, uint64_t *ioctls)
>> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.h b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.h
>> index 1843ad48d32b..02e3f1e7065b 100644
>> --- a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.h
>> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.h
>> @@ -18,6 +18,11 @@
>> #define PM_SWAP                       BIT_ULL(62)
>> #define PM_PRESENT                    BIT_ULL(63)
>>
>> +#define KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD             BIT_ULL(15)
>> +#define KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL             BIT_ULL(16)
>> +#define KPF_THP                       BIT_ULL(22)
>> +
>> +
>> /*
>>  * Ignore the checkpatch warning, we must read from x but don't want to do
>>  * anything with it in order to trigger a read page fault. We therefore must use
>> @@ -85,6 +90,8 @@ bool check_huge_shmem(void *addr, int nr_hpages, uint64_t hpage_size);
>> int64_t allocate_transhuge(void *ptr, int pagemap_fd);
>> unsigned long default_huge_page_size(void);
>> int detect_hugetlb_page_sizes(size_t sizes[], int max);
>> +int check_folio_orders(char *vaddr_start, size_t len, int pagemap_file,
>> +			int kpageflags_file, int orders[], int nr_orders);
>>
>> int uffd_register(int uffd, void *addr, uint64_t len,
>> 		  bool miss, bool wp, bool minor);
>> -- 
>> 2.47.2
>
> -- 
> Wei Yang
> Help you, Help me


Best Regards,
Yan, Zi

Re: [PATCH v2 2/3] selftests/mm: add check_folio_orders() helper.

[Wei Yang]

On Mon, Aug 11, 2025 at 02:39:08PM -0400, Zi Yan wrote:
[...]
>>> +static int gather_folio_orders(char *vaddr_start, size_t len,
>>> +			       int pagemap_file, int kpageflags_file,
>>> +			       int orders[], int nr_orders)
>>> +{
>>> +	uint64_t page_flags = 0;
>>> +	int cur_order = -1;
>>> +	char *vaddr;
>>> +
>>> +	if (!pagemap_file || !kpageflags_file)
>>> +		return -1;
>>> +	if (nr_orders <= 0)
>>> +		return -1;
>>> +
>>> +	for (vaddr = vaddr_start; vaddr < vaddr_start + len; ) {
>>> +		char *next_folio_vaddr;
>>> +		int status;
>>> +
>>> +		if (get_page_flags(vaddr, pagemap_file, kpageflags_file, &page_flags))
>>> +			return -1;
>>> +
>>> +		/* all order-0 pages with possible false postive (non folio) */
>>> +		if (!(page_flags & (KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD | KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL))) {
>>> +			orders[0]++;
>>> +			vaddr += psize();
>>> +			continue;
>>> +		}
>>> +
>>> +		/* skip non thp compound pages */
>>> +		if (!(page_flags & KPF_THP)) {
>>> +			vaddr += psize();
>>> +			continue;
>>> +		}
>>> +
>>> +		/* vpn points to part of a THP at this point */
>>> +		if (page_flags & KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD)
>>> +			cur_order = 1;
>>> +		else {
>>> +			/* not a head nor a tail in a THP? */
>>> +			if (!(page_flags & KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL))
>>> +				return -1;
>>> +			continue;
>>> +		}
>>> +
>>> +		next_folio_vaddr = vaddr + (1UL << (cur_order + pshift()));
>>> +
>>> +		if (next_folio_vaddr >= vaddr_start + len)
>>> +			break;
>>
>> Would we skip order 1 folio at the last position?
>>
>> For example, vaddr_start is 0x2000, len is 0x2000 and the folio at vaddr_start
>> is an order 1 folio, whose size is exactly 0x2000.
>>
>> Then we will get next_folio_vaddr == vaddr_start + len.
>>
>> Could that happen?
>
>No. After the loop, there is code checking cur_order and updating orders[].
>

Oh, I missed this.

-- 
Wei Yang
Help you, Help me

Re: [PATCH v2 2/3] selftests/mm: add check_folio_orders() helper.

[Donet Tom]

On 8/9/25 12:31 AM, Zi Yan wrote:
> The helper gathers an folio order statistics of folios within a virtual
> address range and checks it against a given order list. It aims to provide
> a more precise folio order check instead of just checking the existence of
> PMD folios.
>
> Signed-off-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
> ---
>   .../selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c       |   4 +-
>   tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.c          | 133 ++++++++++++++++++
>   tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.h          |   7 +
>   3 files changed, 141 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c
> index cb364c5670c6..5ab488fab1cd 100644
> --- a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c
> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c
> @@ -34,8 +34,6 @@ uint64_t pmd_pagesize;
>   #define PID_FMT_OFFSET "%d,0x%lx,0x%lx,%d,%d"
>   #define PATH_FMT "%s,0x%lx,0x%lx,%d"
>   
> -#define PFN_MASK     ((1UL<<55)-1)
> -#define KPF_THP      (1UL<<22)
>   #define GET_ORDER(nr_pages)    (31 - __builtin_clz(nr_pages))
>   
>   int is_backed_by_thp(char *vaddr, int pagemap_file, int kpageflags_file)
> @@ -49,7 +47,7 @@ int is_backed_by_thp(char *vaddr, int pagemap_file, int kpageflags_file)
>   
>   		if (kpageflags_file) {
>   			pread(kpageflags_file, &page_flags, sizeof(page_flags),
> -				(paddr & PFN_MASK) * sizeof(page_flags));
> +				PAGEMAP_PFN(paddr) * sizeof(page_flags));
>   
>   			return !!(page_flags & KPF_THP);
>   		}
> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.c b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.c
> index 6a239aa413e2..41d50b74b2f6 100644
> --- a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.c
> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.c
> @@ -338,6 +338,139 @@ int detect_hugetlb_page_sizes(size_t sizes[], int max)
>   	return count;
>   }
>   
> +static int get_page_flags(char *vaddr, int pagemap_file, int kpageflags_file,
> +			  uint64_t *flags)
> +{
> +	unsigned long pfn;
> +	size_t count;
> +
> +	pfn = pagemap_get_pfn(pagemap_file, vaddr);
> +	/*
> +	 * Treat non-present page as a page without any flag, so that
> +	 * gather_folio_orders() just record the current folio order.
> +	 */
> +	if (pfn == -1UL) {
> +		*flags = 0;
> +		return 0;
> +	}
> +
> +	count = pread(kpageflags_file, flags, sizeof(*flags),
> +		      pfn * sizeof(*flags));
> +
> +	if (count != sizeof(*flags))
> +		return -1;
> +
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +
> +static int gather_folio_orders(char *vaddr_start, size_t len,
> +			       int pagemap_file, int kpageflags_file,
> +			       int orders[], int nr_orders)
> +{
> +	uint64_t page_flags = 0;
> +	int cur_order = -1;
> +	char *vaddr;
> +
> +	if (!pagemap_file || !kpageflags_file)
> +		return -1;
> +	if (nr_orders <= 0)
> +		return -1;
> +
> +	for (vaddr = vaddr_start; vaddr < vaddr_start + len; ) {
> +		char *next_folio_vaddr;
> +		int status;
> +
> +		if (get_page_flags(vaddr, pagemap_file, kpageflags_file, &page_flags))
> +			return -1;
> +
> +		/* all order-0 pages with possible false postive (non folio) */
> +		if (!(page_flags & (KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD | KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL))) {
> +			orders[0]++;
> +			vaddr += psize();
> +			continue;
> +		}
> +
> +		/* skip non thp compound pages */
> +		if (!(page_flags & KPF_THP)) {
> +			vaddr += psize();
> +			continue;
> +		}
> +
> +		/* vpn points to part of a THP at this point */
> +		if (page_flags & KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD)
> +			cur_order = 1;
> +		else {
> +			/* not a head nor a tail in a THP? */
> +			if (!(page_flags & KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL))
> +				return -1;
> +			continue;

If KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL is set, do we use the same vaddr, or should we 
advance to the next vaddr before continuing?


> +		}
> +
> +		next_folio_vaddr = vaddr + (1UL << (cur_order + pshift()));
> +
> +		if (next_folio_vaddr >= vaddr_start + len)
> +			break;
> +
> +		while (!(status = get_page_flags(next_folio_vaddr, pagemap_file,
> +						 kpageflags_file,
> +						 &page_flags))) {
> +			/* next compound head page or order-0 page */
> +			if ((page_flags & KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD) ||
> +			    !(page_flags & (KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD |
> +			      KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL))) {
> +				if (cur_order < nr_orders) {
> +					orders[cur_order]++;
> +					cur_order = -1;
> +					vaddr = next_folio_vaddr;
> +				}
> +				break;
> +			}
> +
> +			/* not a head nor a tail in a THP? */
> +			if (!(page_flags & KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL))
> +				return -1;
> +
> +			cur_order++;
> +			next_folio_vaddr = vaddr + (1UL << (cur_order + pshift()));
> +		}
> +
> +		if (status)
> +			return status;
> +	}
> +	if (cur_order > 0 && cur_order < nr_orders)
> +		orders[cur_order]++;
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +
> +int check_folio_orders(char *vaddr_start, size_t len, int pagemap_file,
> +			int kpageflags_file, int orders[], int nr_orders)
> +{
> +	int *vaddr_orders;
> +	int status;
> +	int i;
> +
> +	vaddr_orders = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * nr_orders);
> +
> +	if (!vaddr_orders)
> +		ksft_exit_fail_msg("Cannot allocate memory for vaddr_orders");
> +
> +	memset(vaddr_orders, 0, sizeof(int) * nr_orders);
> +	status = gather_folio_orders(vaddr_start, len, pagemap_file,
> +				     kpageflags_file, vaddr_orders, nr_orders);
> +	if (status)
> +		return status;
> +
> +	status = 0;
> +	for (i = 0; i < nr_orders; i++)
> +		if (vaddr_orders[i] != orders[i]) {
> +			ksft_print_msg("order %d: expected: %d got %d\n", i,
> +				       orders[i], vaddr_orders[i]);
> +			status = -1;
> +		}
> +
> +	return status;
> +}
> +
>   /* If `ioctls' non-NULL, the allowed ioctls will be returned into the var */
>   int uffd_register_with_ioctls(int uffd, void *addr, uint64_t len,
>   			      bool miss, bool wp, bool minor, uint64_t *ioctls)
> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.h b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.h
> index 1843ad48d32b..02e3f1e7065b 100644
> --- a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.h
> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.h
> @@ -18,6 +18,11 @@
>   #define PM_SWAP                       BIT_ULL(62)
>   #define PM_PRESENT                    BIT_ULL(63)
>   
> +#define KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD             BIT_ULL(15)
> +#define KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL             BIT_ULL(16)
> +#define KPF_THP                       BIT_ULL(22)
> +
> +
>   /*
>    * Ignore the checkpatch warning, we must read from x but don't want to do
>    * anything with it in order to trigger a read page fault. We therefore must use
> @@ -85,6 +90,8 @@ bool check_huge_shmem(void *addr, int nr_hpages, uint64_t hpage_size);
>   int64_t allocate_transhuge(void *ptr, int pagemap_fd);
>   unsigned long default_huge_page_size(void);
>   int detect_hugetlb_page_sizes(size_t sizes[], int max);
> +int check_folio_orders(char *vaddr_start, size_t len, int pagemap_file,
> +			int kpageflags_file, int orders[], int nr_orders);
>   
>   int uffd_register(int uffd, void *addr, uint64_t len,
>   		  bool miss, bool wp, bool minor);

Re: [PATCH v2 2/3] selftests/mm: add check_folio_orders() helper.

[Zi Yan]

On 10 Aug 2025, at 12:49, Donet Tom wrote:

> On 8/9/25 12:31 AM, Zi Yan wrote:
>> The helper gathers an folio order statistics of folios within a virtual
>> address range and checks it against a given order list. It aims to provide
>> a more precise folio order check instead of just checking the existence of
>> PMD folios.
>>
>> Signed-off-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
>> ---
>>   .../selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c       |   4 +-
>>   tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.c          | 133 ++++++++++++++++++
>>   tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.h          |   7 +
>>   3 files changed, 141 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
>>
>> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c
>> index cb364c5670c6..5ab488fab1cd 100644
>> --- a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c
>> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c
>> @@ -34,8 +34,6 @@ uint64_t pmd_pagesize;
>>   #define PID_FMT_OFFSET "%d,0x%lx,0x%lx,%d,%d"
>>   #define PATH_FMT "%s,0x%lx,0x%lx,%d"
>>  -#define PFN_MASK     ((1UL<<55)-1)
>> -#define KPF_THP      (1UL<<22)
>>   #define GET_ORDER(nr_pages)    (31 - __builtin_clz(nr_pages))
>>    int is_backed_by_thp(char *vaddr, int pagemap_file, int kpageflags_file)
>> @@ -49,7 +47,7 @@ int is_backed_by_thp(char *vaddr, int pagemap_file, int kpageflags_file)
>>    		if (kpageflags_file) {
>>   			pread(kpageflags_file, &page_flags, sizeof(page_flags),
>> -				(paddr & PFN_MASK) * sizeof(page_flags));
>> +				PAGEMAP_PFN(paddr) * sizeof(page_flags));
>>    			return !!(page_flags & KPF_THP);
>>   		}
>> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.c b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.c
>> index 6a239aa413e2..41d50b74b2f6 100644
>> --- a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.c
>> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.c
>> @@ -338,6 +338,139 @@ int detect_hugetlb_page_sizes(size_t sizes[], int max)
>>   	return count;
>>   }
>>  +static int get_page_flags(char *vaddr, int pagemap_file, int kpageflags_file,
>> +			  uint64_t *flags)
>> +{
>> +	unsigned long pfn;
>> +	size_t count;
>> +
>> +	pfn = pagemap_get_pfn(pagemap_file, vaddr);
>> +	/*
>> +	 * Treat non-present page as a page without any flag, so that
>> +	 * gather_folio_orders() just record the current folio order.
>> +	 */
>> +	if (pfn == -1UL) {
>> +		*flags = 0;
>> +		return 0;
>> +	}
>> +
>> +	count = pread(kpageflags_file, flags, sizeof(*flags),
>> +		      pfn * sizeof(*flags));
>> +
>> +	if (count != sizeof(*flags))
>> +		return -1;
>> +
>> +	return 0;
>> +}
>> +
>> +static int gather_folio_orders(char *vaddr_start, size_t len,
>> +			       int pagemap_file, int kpageflags_file,
>> +			       int orders[], int nr_orders)
>> +{
>> +	uint64_t page_flags = 0;
>> +	int cur_order = -1;
>> +	char *vaddr;
>> +
>> +	if (!pagemap_file || !kpageflags_file)
>> +		return -1;
>> +	if (nr_orders <= 0)
>> +		return -1;
>> +
>> +	for (vaddr = vaddr_start; vaddr < vaddr_start + len; ) {
>> +		char *next_folio_vaddr;
>> +		int status;
>> +
>> +		if (get_page_flags(vaddr, pagemap_file, kpageflags_file, &page_flags))
>> +			return -1;
>> +
>> +		/* all order-0 pages with possible false postive (non folio) */
>> +		if (!(page_flags & (KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD | KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL))) {
>> +			orders[0]++;
>> +			vaddr += psize();
>> +			continue;
>> +		}
>> +
>> +		/* skip non thp compound pages */
>> +		if (!(page_flags & KPF_THP)) {
>> +			vaddr += psize();
>> +			continue;
>> +		}
>> +
>> +		/* vpn points to part of a THP at this point */
>> +		if (page_flags & KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD)
>> +			cur_order = 1;
>> +		else {
>> +			/* not a head nor a tail in a THP? */
>> +			if (!(page_flags & KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL))
>> +				return -1;
>> +			continue;
>
> If KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL is set, do we use the same vaddr, or should we advance to the next vaddr before continuing?

Yeah, I missed a vaddr += psize() here. Thank you for pointing this out.

Best Regards,
Yan, Zi

Re: [PATCH v2 2/3] selftests/mm: add check_folio_orders() helper.

[Baolin Wang]

On 2025/8/9 03:01, Zi Yan wrote:
> The helper gathers an folio order statistics of folios within a virtual
> address range and checks it against a given order list. It aims to provide
> a more precise folio order check instead of just checking the existence of
> PMD folios.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
> ---
>   .../selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c       |   4 +-
>   tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.c          | 133 ++++++++++++++++++
>   tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.h          |   7 +
>   3 files changed, 141 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
> 

[snip]

> +
> +int check_folio_orders(char *vaddr_start, size_t len, int pagemap_file,
> +			int kpageflags_file, int orders[], int nr_orders)
> +{
> +	int *vaddr_orders;
> +	int status;
> +	int i;
> +
> +	vaddr_orders = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * nr_orders);
> +
> +	if (!vaddr_orders)
> +		ksft_exit_fail_msg("Cannot allocate memory for vaddr_orders");
> +
> +	memset(vaddr_orders, 0, sizeof(int) * nr_orders);
> +	status = gather_folio_orders(vaddr_start, len, pagemap_file,
> +				     kpageflags_file, vaddr_orders, nr_orders);
> +	if (status)

Missed calling free(vaddr_orders) before returning.

> +		return status;
> +
> +	status = 0;
> +	for (i = 0; i < nr_orders; i++)
> +		if (vaddr_orders[i] != orders[i]) {
> +			ksft_print_msg("order %d: expected: %d got %d\n", i,
> +				       orders[i], vaddr_orders[i]);
> +			status = -1;
> +		}
> +

Ditto.

> +	return status;
> +}
> +
>   /* If `ioctls' non-NULL, the allowed ioctls will be returned into the var */
>   int uffd_register_with_ioctls(int uffd, void *addr, uint64_t len,
>   			      bool miss, bool wp, bool minor, uint64_t *ioctls)
> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.h b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.h
> index 1843ad48d32b..02e3f1e7065b 100644
> --- a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.h
> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.h
> @@ -18,6 +18,11 @@
>   #define PM_SWAP                       BIT_ULL(62)
>   #define PM_PRESENT                    BIT_ULL(63)
>   
> +#define KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD             BIT_ULL(15)
> +#define KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL             BIT_ULL(16)
> +#define KPF_THP                       BIT_ULL(22)
> +
> +
>   /*
>    * Ignore the checkpatch warning, we must read from x but don't want to do
>    * anything with it in order to trigger a read page fault. We therefore must use
> @@ -85,6 +90,8 @@ bool check_huge_shmem(void *addr, int nr_hpages, uint64_t hpage_size);
>   int64_t allocate_transhuge(void *ptr, int pagemap_fd);
>   unsigned long default_huge_page_size(void);
>   int detect_hugetlb_page_sizes(size_t sizes[], int max);
> +int check_folio_orders(char *vaddr_start, size_t len, int pagemap_file,
> +			int kpageflags_file, int orders[], int nr_orders);
>   
>   int uffd_register(int uffd, void *addr, uint64_t len,
>   		  bool miss, bool wp, bool minor);

Re: [PATCH v2 2/3] selftests/mm: add check_folio_orders() helper.

[Zi Yan]

On 11 Aug 2025, at 3:52, Baolin Wang wrote:

> On 2025/8/9 03:01, Zi Yan wrote:
>> The helper gathers an folio order statistics of folios within a virtual
>> address range and checks it against a given order list. It aims to provide
>> a more precise folio order check instead of just checking the existence of
>> PMD folios.
>>
>> Signed-off-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
>> ---
>>   .../selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c       |   4 +-
>>   tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.c          | 133 ++++++++++++++++++
>>   tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.h          |   7 +
>>   3 files changed, 141 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
>>
>
> [snip]
>
>> +
>> +int check_folio_orders(char *vaddr_start, size_t len, int pagemap_file,
>> +			int kpageflags_file, int orders[], int nr_orders)
>> +{
>> +	int *vaddr_orders;
>> +	int status;
>> +	int i;
>> +
>> +	vaddr_orders = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * nr_orders);
>> +
>> +	if (!vaddr_orders)
>> +		ksft_exit_fail_msg("Cannot allocate memory for vaddr_orders");
>> +
>> +	memset(vaddr_orders, 0, sizeof(int) * nr_orders);
>> +	status = gather_folio_orders(vaddr_start, len, pagemap_file,
>> +				     kpageflags_file, vaddr_orders, nr_orders);
>> +	if (status)
>
> Missed calling free(vaddr_orders) before returning.
>
>> +		return status;
>> +
>> +	status = 0;
>> +	for (i = 0; i < nr_orders; i++)
>> +		if (vaddr_orders[i] != orders[i]) {
>> +			ksft_print_msg("order %d: expected: %d got %d\n", i,
>> +				       orders[i], vaddr_orders[i]);
>> +			status = -1;
>> +		}
>> +
>
> Ditto.
>
>> +	return status;
>> +}
>> +

Will add free() in the above two locations. Thank you for spotting them.

Best Regards,
Yan, Zi

[PATCH v2 3/3] selftests/mm: check after-split folio orders in split_huge_page_test.

[Zi Yan]

Instead of just checking the existence of PMD folios before and after folio
split tests, use check_folio_orders() to check after-split folio orders.

The following tests are not changed:
1. split_pte_mapped_thp: the test already uses kpageflags to check;
2. split_file_backed_thp: no vaddr available.

Signed-off-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
---
 .../selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c       | 98 ++++++++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 72 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c
index 5ab488fab1cd..161108717f1c 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c
@@ -25,6 +25,10 @@
 uint64_t pagesize;
 unsigned int pageshift;
 uint64_t pmd_pagesize;
+unsigned int pmd_order;
+unsigned int max_order;
+
+#define NR_ORDERS (max_order + 1)
 
 #define SPLIT_DEBUGFS "/sys/kernel/debug/split_huge_pages"
 #define SMAP_PATH "/proc/self/smaps"
@@ -36,6 +40,11 @@ uint64_t pmd_pagesize;
 
 #define GET_ORDER(nr_pages)    (31 - __builtin_clz(nr_pages))
 
+const char *pagemap_proc = "/proc/self/pagemap";
+const char *kpageflags_proc = "/proc/kpageflags";
+int pagemap_fd;
+int kpageflags_fd;
+
 int is_backed_by_thp(char *vaddr, int pagemap_file, int kpageflags_file)
 {
 	uint64_t paddr;
@@ -151,6 +160,11 @@ void split_pmd_thp_to_order(int order)
 	char *one_page;
 	size_t len = 4 * pmd_pagesize;
 	size_t i;
+	int *orders;
+
+	orders = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * NR_ORDERS);
+	if (!orders)
+		ksft_exit_fail_msg("Fail to allocate memory: %s\n", strerror(errno));
 
 	one_page = memalign(pmd_pagesize, len);
 	if (!one_page)
@@ -172,12 +186,20 @@ void split_pmd_thp_to_order(int order)
 		if (one_page[i] != (char)i)
 			ksft_exit_fail_msg("%ld byte corrupted\n", i);
 
+	memset(orders, 0, sizeof(int) * NR_ORDERS);
+	/* set expected orders */
+	orders[order] = 4 << (pmd_order - order);
+
+	if (check_folio_orders(one_page, len, pagemap_fd, kpageflags_fd,
+			       orders, NR_ORDERS))
+		ksft_exit_fail_msg("Unexpected THP split\n");
 
 	if (!check_huge_anon(one_page, 0, pmd_pagesize))
 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("Still AnonHugePages not split\n");
 
 	ksft_test_result_pass("Split huge pages to order %d successful\n", order);
 	free(one_page);
+	free(orders);
 }
 
 void split_pte_mapped_thp(void)
@@ -186,22 +208,6 @@ void split_pte_mapped_thp(void)
 	size_t len = 4 * pmd_pagesize;
 	uint64_t thp_size;
 	size_t i;
-	const char *pagemap_template = "/proc/%d/pagemap";
-	const char *kpageflags_proc = "/proc/kpageflags";
-	char pagemap_proc[255];
-	int pagemap_fd;
-	int kpageflags_fd;
-
-	if (snprintf(pagemap_proc, 255, pagemap_template, getpid()) < 0)
-		ksft_exit_fail_msg("get pagemap proc error: %s\n", strerror(errno));
-
-	pagemap_fd = open(pagemap_proc, O_RDONLY);
-	if (pagemap_fd == -1)
-		ksft_exit_fail_msg("read pagemap: %s\n", strerror(errno));
-
-	kpageflags_fd = open(kpageflags_proc, O_RDONLY);
-	if (kpageflags_fd == -1)
-		ksft_exit_fail_msg("read kpageflags: %s\n", strerror(errno));
 
 	one_page = mmap((void *)(1UL << 30), len, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
 			MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
@@ -259,8 +265,6 @@ void split_pte_mapped_thp(void)
 
 	ksft_test_result_pass("Split PTE-mapped huge pages successful\n");
 	munmap(one_page, len);
-	close(pagemap_fd);
-	close(kpageflags_fd);
 }
 
 void split_file_backed_thp(int order)
@@ -463,10 +467,16 @@ void split_thp_in_pagecache_to_order_at(size_t fd_size, const char *fs_loc,
 		int order, int offset)
 {
 	int fd;
+	char *split_addr;
 	char *addr;
 	size_t i;
 	char testfile[INPUT_MAX];
 	int err = 0;
+	int *orders;
+
+	orders = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * NR_ORDERS);
+	if (!orders)
+		ksft_exit_fail_msg("Fail to allocate memory: %s\n", strerror(errno));
 
 	err = snprintf(testfile, INPUT_MAX, "%s/test", fs_loc);
 
@@ -474,16 +484,32 @@ void split_thp_in_pagecache_to_order_at(size_t fd_size, const char *fs_loc,
 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("cannot generate right test file name\n");
 
 	err = create_pagecache_thp_and_fd(testfile, fd_size, &fd, &addr);
-	if (err)
+	if (err) {
+		free(orders);
 		return;
+	}
 	err = 0;
 
-	if (offset == -1)
-		write_debugfs(PID_FMT, getpid(), (uint64_t)addr,
-			      (uint64_t)addr + fd_size, order);
-	else
-		write_debugfs(PID_FMT_OFFSET, getpid(), (uint64_t)addr,
-			      (uint64_t)addr + fd_size, order, offset);
+	memset(orders, 0, sizeof(int) * NR_ORDERS);
+	if (offset == -1) {
+		for (split_addr = addr; split_addr < addr + fd_size; split_addr += pmd_pagesize)
+			write_debugfs(PID_FMT, getpid(), (uint64_t)split_addr,
+				      (uint64_t)split_addr + pagesize, order);
+
+		/* set expected orders */
+		orders[order] = fd_size / (pagesize << order);
+	} else {
+		int times = fd_size / pmd_pagesize;
+
+		for (split_addr = addr; split_addr < addr + fd_size; split_addr += pmd_pagesize)
+			write_debugfs(PID_FMT_OFFSET, getpid(), (uint64_t)split_addr,
+				      (uint64_t)split_addr + pagesize, order, offset);
+
+		/* set expected orders */
+		for (i = order + 1; i < pmd_order; i++)
+			orders[i] = times;
+		orders[order] = 2 * times;
+	}
 
 	for (i = 0; i < fd_size; i++)
 		if (*(addr + i) != (char)i) {
@@ -492,6 +518,14 @@ void split_thp_in_pagecache_to_order_at(size_t fd_size, const char *fs_loc,
 			goto out;
 		}
 
+	if (check_folio_orders(addr, fd_size, pagemap_fd, kpageflags_fd, orders,
+			       NR_ORDERS)) {
+		ksft_print_msg("Unexpected THP split\n");
+		err = 1;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+
 	if (!check_huge_file(addr, 0, pmd_pagesize)) {
 		ksft_print_msg("Still FilePmdMapped not split\n");
 		err = EXIT_FAILURE;
@@ -499,6 +533,7 @@ void split_thp_in_pagecache_to_order_at(size_t fd_size, const char *fs_loc,
 	}
 
 out:
+	free(orders);
 	munmap(addr, fd_size);
 	close(fd);
 	unlink(testfile);
@@ -522,7 +557,6 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	const char *fs_loc;
 	bool created_tmp;
 	int offset;
-	unsigned int max_order;
 	unsigned int nr_pages;
 	unsigned int tests;
 
@@ -539,6 +573,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	pagesize = getpagesize();
 	pageshift = ffs(pagesize) - 1;
 	pmd_pagesize = read_pmd_pagesize();
+	pmd_order = GET_ORDER(pmd_pagesize / pagesize);
 	if (!pmd_pagesize)
 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("Reading PMD pagesize failed\n");
 
@@ -547,6 +582,14 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	tests = 2 + (max_order - 1) + (2 * max_order) + (max_order - 1) * 4 + 2;
 	ksft_set_plan(tests);
 
+	pagemap_fd = open(pagemap_proc, O_RDONLY);
+	if (pagemap_fd == -1)
+		ksft_exit_fail_msg("read pagemap: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+
+	kpageflags_fd = open(kpageflags_proc, O_RDONLY);
+	if (kpageflags_fd == -1)
+		ksft_exit_fail_msg("read kpageflags: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+
 	fd_size = 2 * pmd_pagesize;
 
 	split_pmd_zero_pages();
@@ -571,6 +614,9 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 			split_thp_in_pagecache_to_order_at(fd_size, fs_loc, i, offset);
 	cleanup_thp_fs(fs_loc, created_tmp);
 
+	close(pagemap_fd);
+	close(kpageflags_fd);
+
 	ksft_finished();
 
 	return 0;
-- 
2.47.2

Re: [PATCH v2 3/3] selftests/mm: check after-split folio orders in split_huge_page_test.

[Donet Tom]

On 8/9/25 12:31 AM, Zi Yan wrote:
> Instead of just checking the existence of PMD folios before and after folio
> split tests, use check_folio_orders() to check after-split folio orders.
>
> The following tests are not changed:
> 1. split_pte_mapped_thp: the test already uses kpageflags to check;
> 2. split_file_backed_thp: no vaddr available.
>
> Signed-off-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
> ---
>   .../selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c       | 98 ++++++++++++++-----
>   1 file changed, 72 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c
> index 5ab488fab1cd..161108717f1c 100644
> --- a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c
> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c
> @@ -25,6 +25,10 @@
>   uint64_t pagesize;
>   unsigned int pageshift;
>   uint64_t pmd_pagesize;
> +unsigned int pmd_order;
> +unsigned int max_order;
> +
> +#define NR_ORDERS (max_order + 1)
>   
>   #define SPLIT_DEBUGFS "/sys/kernel/debug/split_huge_pages"
>   #define SMAP_PATH "/proc/self/smaps"
> @@ -36,6 +40,11 @@ uint64_t pmd_pagesize;
>   
>   #define GET_ORDER(nr_pages)    (31 - __builtin_clz(nr_pages))
>   
> +const char *pagemap_proc = "/proc/self/pagemap";
> +const char *kpageflags_proc = "/proc/kpageflags";
> +int pagemap_fd;
> +int kpageflags_fd;
> +
>   int is_backed_by_thp(char *vaddr, int pagemap_file, int kpageflags_file)
>   {
>   	uint64_t paddr;
> @@ -151,6 +160,11 @@ void split_pmd_thp_to_order(int order)
>   	char *one_page;
>   	size_t len = 4 * pmd_pagesize;
>   	size_t i;
> +	int *orders;
> +
> +	orders = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * NR_ORDERS);
> +	if (!orders)
> +		ksft_exit_fail_msg("Fail to allocate memory: %s\n", strerror(errno));
>   
>   	one_page = memalign(pmd_pagesize, len);
>   	if (!one_page)
> @@ -172,12 +186,20 @@ void split_pmd_thp_to_order(int order)
>   		if (one_page[i] != (char)i)
>   			ksft_exit_fail_msg("%ld byte corrupted\n", i);
>   
> +	memset(orders, 0, sizeof(int) * NR_ORDERS);
> +	/* set expected orders */
> +	orders[order] = 4 << (pmd_order - order);
> +
> +	if (check_folio_orders(one_page, len, pagemap_fd, kpageflags_fd,
> +			       orders, NR_ORDERS))
> +		ksft_exit_fail_msg("Unexpected THP split\n");
>   
>   	if (!check_huge_anon(one_page, 0, pmd_pagesize))
>   		ksft_exit_fail_msg("Still AnonHugePages not split\n");
>   
>   	ksft_test_result_pass("Split huge pages to order %d successful\n", order);
>   	free(one_page);
> +	free(orders);
>   }
>   
>   void split_pte_mapped_thp(void)
> @@ -186,22 +208,6 @@ void split_pte_mapped_thp(void)
>   	size_t len = 4 * pmd_pagesize;
>   	uint64_t thp_size;
>   	size_t i;
> -	const char *pagemap_template = "/proc/%d/pagemap";
> -	const char *kpageflags_proc = "/proc/kpageflags";
> -	char pagemap_proc[255];
> -	int pagemap_fd;
> -	int kpageflags_fd;
> -
> -	if (snprintf(pagemap_proc, 255, pagemap_template, getpid()) < 0)
> -		ksft_exit_fail_msg("get pagemap proc error: %s\n", strerror(errno));
> -
> -	pagemap_fd = open(pagemap_proc, O_RDONLY);
> -	if (pagemap_fd == -1)
> -		ksft_exit_fail_msg("read pagemap: %s\n", strerror(errno));
> -
> -	kpageflags_fd = open(kpageflags_proc, O_RDONLY);
> -	if (kpageflags_fd == -1)
> -		ksft_exit_fail_msg("read kpageflags: %s\n", strerror(errno));
>   
>   	one_page = mmap((void *)(1UL << 30), len, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
>   			MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
> @@ -259,8 +265,6 @@ void split_pte_mapped_thp(void)
>   
>   	ksft_test_result_pass("Split PTE-mapped huge pages successful\n");
>   	munmap(one_page, len);
> -	close(pagemap_fd);
> -	close(kpageflags_fd);
>   }
>   
>   void split_file_backed_thp(int order)
> @@ -463,10 +467,16 @@ void split_thp_in_pagecache_to_order_at(size_t fd_size, const char *fs_loc,
>   		int order, int offset)
>   {
>   	int fd;
> +	char *split_addr;
>   	char *addr;
>   	size_t i;
>   	char testfile[INPUT_MAX];
>   	int err = 0;
> +	int *orders;
> +
> +	orders = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * NR_ORDERS);
> +	if (!orders)
> +		ksft_exit_fail_msg("Fail to allocate memory: %s\n", strerror(errno));
>   
>   	err = snprintf(testfile, INPUT_MAX, "%s/test", fs_loc);
>   
> @@ -474,16 +484,32 @@ void split_thp_in_pagecache_to_order_at(size_t fd_size, const char *fs_loc,
>   		ksft_exit_fail_msg("cannot generate right test file name\n");
>   
>   	err = create_pagecache_thp_and_fd(testfile, fd_size, &fd, &addr);
> -	if (err)
> +	if (err) {
> +		free(orders);
>   		return;
> +	}
>   	err = 0;
>   
> -	if (offset == -1)
> -		write_debugfs(PID_FMT, getpid(), (uint64_t)addr,
> -			      (uint64_t)addr + fd_size, order);
> -	else
> -		write_debugfs(PID_FMT_OFFSET, getpid(), (uint64_t)addr,
> -			      (uint64_t)addr + fd_size, order, offset);
> +	memset(orders, 0, sizeof(int) * NR_ORDERS);
> +	if (offset == -1) {
> +		for (split_addr = addr; split_addr < addr + fd_size; split_addr += pmd_pagesize)
> +			write_debugfs(PID_FMT, getpid(), (uint64_t)split_addr,
> +				      (uint64_t)split_addr + pagesize, order);
> +
> +		/* set expected orders */
> +		orders[order] = fd_size / (pagesize << order);
> +	} else {
> +		int times = fd_size / pmd_pagesize;
> +
> +		for (split_addr = addr; split_addr < addr + fd_size; split_addr += pmd_pagesize)
> +			write_debugfs(PID_FMT_OFFSET, getpid(), (uint64_t)split_addr,
> +				      (uint64_t)split_addr + pagesize, order, offset);
> +
> +		/* set expected orders */
> +		for (i = order + 1; i < pmd_order; i++)
> +			orders[i] = times;
> +		orders[order] = 2 * times;
> +	}
>   
>   	for (i = 0; i < fd_size; i++)
>   		if (*(addr + i) != (char)i) {
> @@ -492,6 +518,14 @@ void split_thp_in_pagecache_to_order_at(size_t fd_size, const char *fs_loc,
>   			goto out;
>   		}
>   
> +	if (check_folio_orders(addr, fd_size, pagemap_fd, kpageflags_fd, orders,
> +			       NR_ORDERS)) {
> +		ksft_print_msg("Unexpected THP split\n");
> +		err = 1;
> +		goto out;
> +	}
> +
> +
>   	if (!check_huge_file(addr, 0, pmd_pagesize)) {
>   		ksft_print_msg("Still FilePmdMapped not split\n");
>   		err = EXIT_FAILURE;
> @@ -499,6 +533,7 @@ void split_thp_in_pagecache_to_order_at(size_t fd_size, const char *fs_loc,
>   	}
>   
>   out:
> +	free(orders);
>   	munmap(addr, fd_size);
>   	close(fd);
>   	unlink(testfile);
> @@ -522,7 +557,6 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
>   	const char *fs_loc;
>   	bool created_tmp;
>   	int offset;
> -	unsigned int max_order;
>   	unsigned int nr_pages;
>   	unsigned int tests;
>   
> @@ -539,6 +573,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
>   	pagesize = getpagesize();
>   	pageshift = ffs(pagesize) - 1;
>   	pmd_pagesize = read_pmd_pagesize();
> +	pmd_order = GET_ORDER(pmd_pagesize / pagesize);


I think max_order is also same as pmd_order

   nr_pages = pmd_pagesize / pagesize;
   max_order = GET_ORDER(nr_pages);

Can we use one?

>   	if (!pmd_pagesize)
>   		ksft_exit_fail_msg("Reading PMD pagesize failed\n");
>   
> @@ -547,6 +582,14 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
>   	tests = 2 + (max_order - 1) + (2 * max_order) + (max_order - 1) * 4 + 2;
>   	ksft_set_plan(tests);
>   
> +	pagemap_fd = open(pagemap_proc, O_RDONLY);
> +	if (pagemap_fd == -1)
> +		ksft_exit_fail_msg("read pagemap: %s\n", strerror(errno));
> +
> +	kpageflags_fd = open(kpageflags_proc, O_RDONLY);
> +	if (kpageflags_fd == -1)
> +		ksft_exit_fail_msg("read kpageflags: %s\n", strerror(errno));
> +
>   	fd_size = 2 * pmd_pagesize;
>   
>   	split_pmd_zero_pages();
> @@ -571,6 +614,9 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
>   			split_thp_in_pagecache_to_order_at(fd_size, fs_loc, i, offset);
>   	cleanup_thp_fs(fs_loc, created_tmp);
>   
> +	close(pagemap_fd);
> +	close(kpageflags_fd);
> +
>   	ksft_finished();
>   
>   	return 0;

Re: [PATCH v2 3/3] selftests/mm: check after-split folio orders in split_huge_page_test.

[Zi Yan]

On 10 Aug 2025, at 12:53, Donet Tom wrote:

> On 8/9/25 12:31 AM, Zi Yan wrote:
>> Instead of just checking the existence of PMD folios before and after folio
>> split tests, use check_folio_orders() to check after-split folio orders.
>>
>> The following tests are not changed:
>> 1. split_pte_mapped_thp: the test already uses kpageflags to check;
>> 2. split_file_backed_thp: no vaddr available.
>>
>> Signed-off-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
>> ---
>>   .../selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c       | 98 ++++++++++++++-----
>>   1 file changed, 72 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)
>>
>> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c
>> index 5ab488fab1cd..161108717f1c 100644
>> --- a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c
>> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c
>> @@ -25,6 +25,10 @@
>>   uint64_t pagesize;
>>   unsigned int pageshift;
>>   uint64_t pmd_pagesize;
>> +unsigned int pmd_order;
>> +unsigned int max_order;
>> +
>> +#define NR_ORDERS (max_order + 1)
>>    #define SPLIT_DEBUGFS "/sys/kernel/debug/split_huge_pages"
>>   #define SMAP_PATH "/proc/self/smaps"
>> @@ -36,6 +40,11 @@ uint64_t pmd_pagesize;
>>    #define GET_ORDER(nr_pages)    (31 - __builtin_clz(nr_pages))
>>  +const char *pagemap_proc = "/proc/self/pagemap";
>> +const char *kpageflags_proc = "/proc/kpageflags";
>> +int pagemap_fd;
>> +int kpageflags_fd;
>> +
>>   int is_backed_by_thp(char *vaddr, int pagemap_file, int kpageflags_file)
>>   {
>>   	uint64_t paddr;
>> @@ -151,6 +160,11 @@ void split_pmd_thp_to_order(int order)
>>   	char *one_page;
>>   	size_t len = 4 * pmd_pagesize;
>>   	size_t i;
>> +	int *orders;
>> +
>> +	orders = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * NR_ORDERS);
>> +	if (!orders)
>> +		ksft_exit_fail_msg("Fail to allocate memory: %s\n", strerror(errno));
>>    	one_page = memalign(pmd_pagesize, len);
>>   	if (!one_page)
>> @@ -172,12 +186,20 @@ void split_pmd_thp_to_order(int order)
>>   		if (one_page[i] != (char)i)
>>   			ksft_exit_fail_msg("%ld byte corrupted\n", i);
>>  +	memset(orders, 0, sizeof(int) * NR_ORDERS);
>> +	/* set expected orders */
>> +	orders[order] = 4 << (pmd_order - order);
>> +
>> +	if (check_folio_orders(one_page, len, pagemap_fd, kpageflags_fd,
>> +			       orders, NR_ORDERS))
>> +		ksft_exit_fail_msg("Unexpected THP split\n");
>>    	if (!check_huge_anon(one_page, 0, pmd_pagesize))
>>   		ksft_exit_fail_msg("Still AnonHugePages not split\n");
>>    	ksft_test_result_pass("Split huge pages to order %d successful\n", order);
>>   	free(one_page);
>> +	free(orders);
>>   }
>>    void split_pte_mapped_thp(void)
>> @@ -186,22 +208,6 @@ void split_pte_mapped_thp(void)
>>   	size_t len = 4 * pmd_pagesize;
>>   	uint64_t thp_size;
>>   	size_t i;
>> -	const char *pagemap_template = "/proc/%d/pagemap";
>> -	const char *kpageflags_proc = "/proc/kpageflags";
>> -	char pagemap_proc[255];
>> -	int pagemap_fd;
>> -	int kpageflags_fd;
>> -
>> -	if (snprintf(pagemap_proc, 255, pagemap_template, getpid()) < 0)
>> -		ksft_exit_fail_msg("get pagemap proc error: %s\n", strerror(errno));
>> -
>> -	pagemap_fd = open(pagemap_proc, O_RDONLY);
>> -	if (pagemap_fd == -1)
>> -		ksft_exit_fail_msg("read pagemap: %s\n", strerror(errno));
>> -
>> -	kpageflags_fd = open(kpageflags_proc, O_RDONLY);
>> -	if (kpageflags_fd == -1)
>> -		ksft_exit_fail_msg("read kpageflags: %s\n", strerror(errno));
>>    	one_page = mmap((void *)(1UL << 30), len, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
>>   			MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
>> @@ -259,8 +265,6 @@ void split_pte_mapped_thp(void)
>>    	ksft_test_result_pass("Split PTE-mapped huge pages successful\n");
>>   	munmap(one_page, len);
>> -	close(pagemap_fd);
>> -	close(kpageflags_fd);
>>   }
>>    void split_file_backed_thp(int order)
>> @@ -463,10 +467,16 @@ void split_thp_in_pagecache_to_order_at(size_t fd_size, const char *fs_loc,
>>   		int order, int offset)
>>   {
>>   	int fd;
>> +	char *split_addr;
>>   	char *addr;
>>   	size_t i;
>>   	char testfile[INPUT_MAX];
>>   	int err = 0;
>> +	int *orders;
>> +
>> +	orders = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * NR_ORDERS);
>> +	if (!orders)
>> +		ksft_exit_fail_msg("Fail to allocate memory: %s\n", strerror(errno));
>>    	err = snprintf(testfile, INPUT_MAX, "%s/test", fs_loc);
>>  @@ -474,16 +484,32 @@ void split_thp_in_pagecache_to_order_at(size_t fd_size, const char *fs_loc,
>>   		ksft_exit_fail_msg("cannot generate right test file name\n");
>>    	err = create_pagecache_thp_and_fd(testfile, fd_size, &fd, &addr);
>> -	if (err)
>> +	if (err) {
>> +		free(orders);
>>   		return;
>> +	}
>>   	err = 0;
>>  -	if (offset == -1)
>> -		write_debugfs(PID_FMT, getpid(), (uint64_t)addr,
>> -			      (uint64_t)addr + fd_size, order);
>> -	else
>> -		write_debugfs(PID_FMT_OFFSET, getpid(), (uint64_t)addr,
>> -			      (uint64_t)addr + fd_size, order, offset);
>> +	memset(orders, 0, sizeof(int) * NR_ORDERS);
>> +	if (offset == -1) {
>> +		for (split_addr = addr; split_addr < addr + fd_size; split_addr += pmd_pagesize)
>> +			write_debugfs(PID_FMT, getpid(), (uint64_t)split_addr,
>> +				      (uint64_t)split_addr + pagesize, order);
>> +
>> +		/* set expected orders */
>> +		orders[order] = fd_size / (pagesize << order);
>> +	} else {
>> +		int times = fd_size / pmd_pagesize;
>> +
>> +		for (split_addr = addr; split_addr < addr + fd_size; split_addr += pmd_pagesize)
>> +			write_debugfs(PID_FMT_OFFSET, getpid(), (uint64_t)split_addr,
>> +				      (uint64_t)split_addr + pagesize, order, offset);
>> +
>> +		/* set expected orders */
>> +		for (i = order + 1; i < pmd_order; i++)
>> +			orders[i] = times;
>> +		orders[order] = 2 * times;
>> +	}
>>    	for (i = 0; i < fd_size; i++)
>>   		if (*(addr + i) != (char)i) {
>> @@ -492,6 +518,14 @@ void split_thp_in_pagecache_to_order_at(size_t fd_size, const char *fs_loc,
>>   			goto out;
>>   		}
>>  +	if (check_folio_orders(addr, fd_size, pagemap_fd, kpageflags_fd, orders,
>> +			       NR_ORDERS)) {
>> +		ksft_print_msg("Unexpected THP split\n");
>> +		err = 1;
>> +		goto out;
>> +	}
>> +
>> +
>>   	if (!check_huge_file(addr, 0, pmd_pagesize)) {
>>   		ksft_print_msg("Still FilePmdMapped not split\n");
>>   		err = EXIT_FAILURE;
>> @@ -499,6 +533,7 @@ void split_thp_in_pagecache_to_order_at(size_t fd_size, const char *fs_loc,
>>   	}
>>    out:
>> +	free(orders);
>>   	munmap(addr, fd_size);
>>   	close(fd);
>>   	unlink(testfile);
>> @@ -522,7 +557,6 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
>>   	const char *fs_loc;
>>   	bool created_tmp;
>>   	int offset;
>> -	unsigned int max_order;
>>   	unsigned int nr_pages;
>>   	unsigned int tests;
>>  @@ -539,6 +573,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
>>   	pagesize = getpagesize();
>>   	pageshift = ffs(pagesize) - 1;
>>   	pmd_pagesize = read_pmd_pagesize();
>> +	pmd_order = GET_ORDER(pmd_pagesize / pagesize);
>
>
> I think max_order is also same as pmd_order
>
>   nr_pages = pmd_pagesize / pagesize;
>   max_order = GET_ORDER(nr_pages);
>
> Can we use one?

Sure. Will rename max_order to pmd_order. Thanks.

>
>>   	if (!pmd_pagesize)
>>   		ksft_exit_fail_msg("Reading PMD pagesize failed\n");
>>  @@ -547,6 +582,14 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
>>   	tests = 2 + (max_order - 1) + (2 * max_order) + (max_order - 1) * 4 + 2;
>>   	ksft_set_plan(tests);
>>  +	pagemap_fd = open(pagemap_proc, O_RDONLY);
>> +	if (pagemap_fd == -1)
>> +		ksft_exit_fail_msg("read pagemap: %s\n", strerror(errno));
>> +
>> +	kpageflags_fd = open(kpageflags_proc, O_RDONLY);
>> +	if (kpageflags_fd == -1)
>> +		ksft_exit_fail_msg("read kpageflags: %s\n", strerror(errno));
>> +
>>   	fd_size = 2 * pmd_pagesize;
>>    	split_pmd_zero_pages();
>> @@ -571,6 +614,9 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
>>   			split_thp_in_pagecache_to_order_at(fd_size, fs_loc, i, offset);
>>   	cleanup_thp_fs(fs_loc, created_tmp);
>>  +	close(pagemap_fd);
>> +	close(kpageflags_fd);
>> +
>>   	ksft_finished();
>>    	return 0;


Best Regards,
Yan, Zi