Re: [PATCH] mm/migrate_device: document folio_get requirement before frozen PMD split

[Usama Arif <usama.arif@linux.dev>]

On 09/03/2026 18:18, David Hildenbrand (Arm) wrote:
> On 3/6/26 11:44, Usama Arif wrote:
>> split_huge_pmd_address() with freeze=true splits a PMD migration entry
>> into PTE migration entries, consuming one folio reference in the
>> process.  The folio_get() before it provides this reference.
>>
>> Add a comment explaining this relationship and a VM_WARN_ON_ONCE to
>> catch an unexpected refcount != 1 entry state.
>>
>> Suggested-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
>> Signed-off-by: Usama Arif <usama.arif@linux.dev>
>> ---
>>  mm/migrate_device.c | 5 +++++
>>  1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)
>>
>> diff --git a/mm/migrate_device.c b/mm/migrate_device.c
>> index 78c7acf024615..6fa2878848a7e 100644
>> --- a/mm/migrate_device.c
>> +++ b/mm/migrate_device.c
>> @@ -908,6 +908,11 @@ static int migrate_vma_split_unmapped_folio(struct migrate_vma *migrate,
>>  	unsigned long flags;
>>  	int ret = 0;
>>  
>> +	VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(folio_ref_count(folio) != 1);
> 
> Can't we have speculative references here? In general, asserting that
> the refcount has an exact value (besides 0) is often shaky.


I hope not at this point in code.

At this point, the folio is locked and unmapped (both done in migrate_vma_collect_huge_pmd()),
and the present PMD was set to migration entry. It is isolated from LRU in
migrate_device_unmap(). So the folio should not be visible to GUP or reclaim/compaction.
Only anon, non-swapcache folios should reach here. So it won't run into any folio_try_get
in page cache or swap cache.

The folio_get() done in migrate_vma_split_unmapped_folio() is consumed by
split_huge_pmd_address(), and folio_split_unmapped() expects a folio_reference
of 1 after this [1].

If its not considered good to assert a non zero refcount value, I can change the
warning to a comment, but I think refcount should be 1 at this point, otherwise
folio_split_unmapped will fail.

[1] https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v6.19.6/source/mm/huge_memory.c#L4137

> 
>> +	/*
>> +	 * take a reference, since split_huge_pmd_address() with freeze = true
>> +	 * drops a reference at the end.
>> +	 */
>>  	folio_get(folio);
>>  	split_huge_pmd_address(migrate->vma, addr, true);
>>  	ret = folio_split_unmapped(folio, 0);
> 
>