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[76.23.219.111]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id af79cd13be357-7c7a89f98eesm1173067885a.83.2025.04.17.05.36.57 (version=TLS1_3 cipher=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 bits=256/256); Thu, 17 Apr 2025 05:36:58 -0700 (PDT) Date: Thu, 17 Apr 2025 08:36:55 -0400 From: Rafael Aquini To: Kees Cook Cc: Petr Mladek , Sergio Perez Gonzalez , Vlastimil Babka , David Rientjes , Bagas Sanjaya , Jonathan Corbet , Steven Rostedt , Andy Shevchenko , Rasmus Villemoes , Sergey Senozhatsky , Andrew Morton , Christoph Lameter , Pekka Enberg , Joonsoo Kim , Roman Gushchin , Harry Yoo , "Paul E. McKenney" , Randy Dunlap , Tamir Duberstein , Miguel Ojeda , Alice Ryhl , linux-doc@vger.kernel.org, linux-mm@kvack.org, Thomas Huth , "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" , Ard Biesheuvel , Greg Kroah-Hartman , Andreas Hindborg , Stephen Boyd , linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org Subject: Re: [PATCH v2] slab: Decouple slab_debug and no_hash_pointers Message-ID: References: <20250415170232.it.467-kees@kernel.org> MIME-Version: 1.0 In-Reply-To: <20250415170232.it.467-kees@kernel.org> X-Mimecast-Spam-Score: 0 X-Mimecast-MFC-PROC-ID: PGgpSyu6YWL8mVS9M2aHqUs9m__dDxmiuKxHC4ZgBpE_1744893420 X-Mimecast-Originator: redhat.com Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Disposition: inline X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 48A93100004 X-Rspam-User: X-Rspamd-Server: rspam07 X-Stat-Signature: r78pfojwznd5fjwqci3rjgof1iwtzja3 X-HE-Tag: 1744893423-387998 X-HE-Meta: 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 c1Zdz1cF 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 iDQvZXtU hvNC+cAzlmnEwxJa5AI2Ch8VZp+aTDmT X-Bogosity: Ham, tests=bogofilter, spamicity=0.000000, version=1.2.4 Sender: owner-linux-mm@kvack.org Precedence: bulk X-Loop: owner-majordomo@kvack.org List-ID: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: On Tue, Apr 15, 2025 at 10:02:33AM -0700, Kees Cook wrote: > Some system owners use slab_debug=FPZ (or similar) as a hardening option, > but do not want to be forced into having kernel addresses exposed due > to the implicit "no_hash_pointers" boot param setting.[1] > > Introduce the "hash_pointers" boot param, which defaults to "auto" > (the current behavior), but also includes "always" (forcing on hashing > even when "slab_debug=..." is defined), and "never". The existing > "no_hash_pointers" boot param becomes an alias for "hash_pointers=never". > > This makes it possible to boot with "slab_debug=FPZ hash_pointers=always". > > Link: https://github.com/KSPP/linux/issues/368 [1] > Fixes: 792702911f58 ("slub: force on no_hash_pointers when slub_debug is enabled") > Co-developed-by: Sergio Perez Gonzalez > Signed-off-by: Sergio Perez Gonzalez > Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka > Acked-by: David Rientjes > Reviewed-by: Bagas Sanjaya > Signed-off-by: Kees Cook > --- > v2: use switch state to avoid missing states (pmladek) > v1: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20250410174428.work.488-kees@kernel.org/ > Cc: Petr Mladek > Cc: Vlastimil Babka > Cc: Jonathan Corbet > Cc: Steven Rostedt > Cc: Andy Shevchenko > Cc: Rasmus Villemoes > Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky > Cc: Andrew Morton > Cc: Christoph Lameter > Cc: Pekka Enberg > Cc: David Rientjes > Cc: Joonsoo Kim > Cc: Roman Gushchin > Cc: Harry Yoo > Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" > Cc: Randy Dunlap > Cc: Tamir Duberstein > Cc: Miguel Ojeda > Cc: Alice Ryhl > Cc: linux-doc@vger.kernel.org > Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org > --- > .../admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt | 34 +++++++---- > include/linux/sprintf.h | 2 +- > lib/vsprintf.c | 61 +++++++++++++++++-- > mm/slub.c | 5 +- > 4 files changed, 82 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-) > > diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt > index 76e538c77e31..d0fd9c745db9 100644 > --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt > +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt > @@ -1798,6 +1798,27 @@ > backtraces on all cpus. > Format: 0 | 1 > > + hash_pointers= > + [KNL,EARLY] > + By default, when pointers are printed to the console > + or buffers via the %p format string, that pointer is > + "hashed", i.e. obscured by hashing the pointer value. > + This is a security feature that hides actual kernel > + addresses from unprivileged users, but it also makes > + debugging the kernel more difficult since unequal > + pointers can no longer be compared. The choices are: > + Format: { auto | always | never } > + Default: auto > + > + auto - Hash pointers unless slab_debug is enabled. > + always - Always hash pointers (even if slab_debug is > + enabled). > + never - Never hash pointers. This option should only > + be specified when debugging the kernel. Do > + not use on production kernels. The boot > + param "no_hash_pointers" is an alias for > + this mode. > + > hashdist= [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot > are distributed across NUMA nodes. Defaults on > for 64-bit NUMA, off otherwise. > @@ -4120,18 +4141,7 @@ > > no_hash_pointers > [KNL,EARLY] > - Force pointers printed to the console or buffers to be > - unhashed. By default, when a pointer is printed via %p > - format string, that pointer is "hashed", i.e. obscured > - by hashing the pointer value. This is a security feature > - that hides actual kernel addresses from unprivileged > - users, but it also makes debugging the kernel more > - difficult since unequal pointers can no longer be > - compared. However, if this command-line option is > - specified, then all normal pointers will have their true > - value printed. This option should only be specified when > - debugging the kernel. Please do not use on production > - kernels. > + Alias for "hash_pointers=never". > > nohibernate [HIBERNATION] Disable hibernation and resume. > > diff --git a/include/linux/sprintf.h b/include/linux/sprintf.h > index 51cab2def9ec..521bb2cd2648 100644 > --- a/include/linux/sprintf.h > +++ b/include/linux/sprintf.h > @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ __scanf(2, 0) int vsscanf(const char *, const char *, va_list); > > /* These are for specific cases, do not use without real need */ > extern bool no_hash_pointers; > -int no_hash_pointers_enable(char *str); > +void hash_pointers_finalize(bool slub_debug); > > /* Used for Rust formatting ('%pA') */ > char *rust_fmt_argument(char *buf, char *end, const void *ptr); > diff --git a/lib/vsprintf.c b/lib/vsprintf.c > index 01699852f30c..22cbd75266ef 100644 > --- a/lib/vsprintf.c > +++ b/lib/vsprintf.c > @@ -60,6 +60,20 @@ > bool no_hash_pointers __ro_after_init; > EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(no_hash_pointers); > > +/* > + * Hashed pointers policy selected by "hash_pointers=..." boot param > + * > + * `auto` - Hashed pointers enabled unless disabled by slub_debug_enabled=true > + * `always` - Hashed pointers enabled unconditionally > + * `never` - Hashed pointers disabled unconditionally > + */ > +enum hash_pointers_policy { > + HASH_PTR_AUTO = 0, > + HASH_PTR_ALWAYS, > + HASH_PTR_NEVER > +}; > +static enum hash_pointers_policy hash_pointers_mode __initdata; > + > noinline > static unsigned long long simple_strntoull(const char *startp, char **endp, unsigned int base, size_t max_chars) > { > @@ -2271,12 +2285,23 @@ char *resource_or_range(const char *fmt, char *buf, char *end, void *ptr, > return resource_string(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt); > } > > -int __init no_hash_pointers_enable(char *str) > +void __init hash_pointers_finalize(bool slub_debug) > { > - if (no_hash_pointers) > - return 0; > + switch (hash_pointers_mode) { > + case HASH_PTR_ALWAYS: > + no_hash_pointers = false; > + break; > + case HASH_PTR_NEVER: > + no_hash_pointers = true; > + break; > + case HASH_PTR_AUTO: > + default: > + no_hash_pointers = slub_debug; > + break; > + } > > - no_hash_pointers = true; > + if (!no_hash_pointers) > + return; > > pr_warn("**********************************************************\n"); > pr_warn("** NOTICE NOTICE NOTICE NOTICE NOTICE NOTICE NOTICE **\n"); > @@ -2289,11 +2314,39 @@ int __init no_hash_pointers_enable(char *str) > pr_warn("** the kernel, report this immediately to your system **\n"); > pr_warn("** administrator! **\n"); > pr_warn("** **\n"); > + pr_warn("** Use hash_pointers=always to force this mode off **\n"); > + pr_warn("** **\n"); > pr_warn("** NOTICE NOTICE NOTICE NOTICE NOTICE NOTICE NOTICE **\n"); > pr_warn("**********************************************************\n"); > +} > + > +static int __init hash_pointers_mode_parse(char *str) > +{ > + if (!str) { > + pr_warn("Hash pointers mode empty; falling back to auto.\n"); > + hash_pointers_mode = HASH_PTR_AUTO; > + } else if (strncmp(str, "auto", 4) == 0) { > + pr_info("Hash pointers mode set to auto.\n"); > + hash_pointers_mode = HASH_PTR_AUTO; > + } else if (strncmp(str, "never", 5) == 0) { > + pr_info("Hash pointers mode set to never.\n"); > + hash_pointers_mode = HASH_PTR_NEVER; > + } else if (strncmp(str, "always", 6) == 0) { > + pr_info("Hash pointers mode set to always.\n"); > + hash_pointers_mode = HASH_PTR_ALWAYS; > + } else { > + pr_warn("Unknown hash_pointers mode '%s' specified; assuming auto.\n", str); > + hash_pointers_mode = HASH_PTR_AUTO; > + } > > return 0; > } > +early_param("hash_pointers", hash_pointers_mode_parse); > + > +static int __init no_hash_pointers_enable(char *str) > +{ > + return hash_pointers_mode_parse("never"); > +} > early_param("no_hash_pointers", no_hash_pointers_enable); > > /* > diff --git a/mm/slub.c b/mm/slub.c > index b46f87662e71..f3d61b330a76 100644 > --- a/mm/slub.c > +++ b/mm/slub.c > @@ -6314,9 +6314,8 @@ void __init kmem_cache_init(void) > if (debug_guardpage_minorder()) > slub_max_order = 0; > > - /* Print slub debugging pointers without hashing */ > - if (__slub_debug_enabled()) > - no_hash_pointers_enable(NULL); > + /* Inform pointer hashing choice about slub debugging state. */ > + hash_pointers_finalize(__slub_debug_enabled()); > > kmem_cache_node = &boot_kmem_cache_node; > kmem_cache = &boot_kmem_cache; > -- > 2.34.1 > > Thank you, Kees. Acked-by: Rafael Aquini