[PATCH v4 00/10] mm/mremap: permit mremap() move of multiple VMAs

[PATCH v4 00/10] mm/mremap: permit mremap() move of multiple VMAs

[Lorenzo Stoakes]

Historically we've made it a uAPI requirement that mremap() may only
operate on a single VMA at a time.

For instances where VMAs need to be resized, this makes sense, as it
becomes very difficult to determine what a user actually wants should they
indicate a desire to expand or shrink the size of multiple VMAs (truncate?
Adjust sizes individually? Some other strategy?).

However, in instances where a user is moving VMAs, it is restrictive to
disallow this.

This is especially the case when anonymous mapping remap may or may not be
mergeable depending on whether VMAs have or have not been faulted due to
anon_vma assignment and folio index alignment with vma->vm_pgoff.

Often this can result in surprising impact where a moved region is faulted,
then moved back and a user fails to observe a merge from otherwise
compatible, adjacent VMAs.

This change allows such cases to work without the user having to be
cognizant of whether a prior mremap() move or other VMA operations has
resulted in VMA fragmentation.

In order to do this, this series performs a large amount of refactoring,
most pertinently - grouping sanity checks together, separately those that
check input parameters and those relating to VMAs.

we also simplify the post-mmap lock drop processing for uffd and mlock()'d
VMAs.

With this done, we can then fairly straightforwardly implement this
functionality.

This works exclusively for mremap() invocations which specify
MREMAP_FIXED. It is not compatible with VMAs which use userfaultfd, as the
notification of the userland fault handler would require us to drop the
mmap lock.

It is also not compatible with file-backed mappings with customised
get_unmapped_area() handlers as these may not honour MREMAP_FIXED.

The input and output addresses ranges must not overlap. We carefully
account for moves which would result in VMA iterator invalidation.

While there can be gaps between VMAs in the input range, there can be no
gap before the first VMA in the range.


v4:
* Folded Some nitty review comments into series.
* Re-establish VMA iterator reset on unmap pertinent to move as it turns
  out the maple tree nodes of a nearby unmapped VMA can indeed cause us to
  walk into nodes that have been removed.
* Replaced VMA iterator reset with invalidation, as reset will rewalk to
  the iterator index, and what we require is a pau... invalidation :)

v3:
* Disallowed move operation except for MREMAP_FIXED.
* Disallow gap at start of aggregate range to avoid confusion.
* Disallow any file-baked VMAs with custom get_unmapped_area.
* Renamed multi_vma to seen_vma to be clearer. Stop reusing new_addr, use
  separate target_addr var to track next target address.
* Check if first VMA fails multi VMA check, if so we'll allow one VMA but
  not multiple.
* Updated the commit message for patch 9 to be clearer about gap behaviour.
* Removed accidentally included debug goto statement in test (doh!). Test
  was and is passing regardless.
* Unmap target range in test, previously we ended up moving additional VMAs
  unintentionally. This still all passed :) but was not what was intended.
* Removed self-merge check - there is absolutely no way this can happen
  across multiple VMAs, as there is no means of moving VMAs such that a VMA
  merges with itself.
https://lore.kernel.org/all/cover.1752232673.git.lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com/

v2:
* Squashed uffd stub fix into series.
* Propagated tags, thanks!
* Fixed param naming in patch 4 as per Vlastimil.
* Renamed vma_reset to vmi_needs_reset + dropped reset on unmap as per
  Liam.
* Correctly return -EFAULT if no VMAs in input range.
* Account for get_unmapped_area() disregarding MAP_FIXED and returning an
  altered address.
* Added additional explanatatory comment to the remap_move() function.
https://lore.kernel.org/all/cover.1751865330.git.lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com/

v1:
https://lore.kernel.org/all/cover.1751865330.git.lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com/

Lorenzo Stoakes (10):
  mm/mremap: perform some simple cleanups
  mm/mremap: refactor initial parameter sanity checks
  mm/mremap: put VMA check and prep logic into helper function
  mm/mremap: cleanup post-processing stage of mremap
  mm/mremap: use an explicit uffd failure path for mremap
  mm/mremap: check remap conditions earlier
  mm/mremap: move remap_is_valid() into check_prep_vma()
  mm/mremap: clean up mlock populate behaviour
  mm/mremap: permit mremap() move of multiple VMAs
  tools/testing/selftests: extend mremap_test to test multi-VMA mremap

 fs/userfaultfd.c                         |  15 +-
 include/linux/userfaultfd_k.h            |   5 +
 mm/mremap.c                              | 555 +++++++++++++++--------
 tools/testing/selftests/mm/mremap_test.c | 146 +++++-
 4 files changed, 520 insertions(+), 201 deletions(-)

--
2.50.1

[PATCH v4 01/10] mm/mremap: perform some simple cleanups

[Lorenzo Stoakes]

We const-ify the vrm flags parameter to indicate this will never change.

We rename resize_is_valid() to remap_is_valid(), as this function does not
only apply to cases where we resize, so it's simply confusing to refer to
that here.

We remove the BUG() from mremap_at(), as we should not BUG() unless we are
certain it'll result in system instability.

We rename vrm_charge() to vrm_calc_charge() to make it clear this simply
calculates the charged number of pages rather than actually adjusting any
state.

We update the comment for vrm_implies_new_addr() to explain that
MREMAP_DONTUNMAP does not require a set address, but will always be moved.

Additionally consistently use 'res' rather than 'ret' for result values.

No functional change intended.

Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
---
 mm/mremap.c | 55 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------
 1 file changed, 32 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mm/mremap.c b/mm/mremap.c
index 1f5bebbb9c0c..65c7f29b6116 100644
--- a/mm/mremap.c
+++ b/mm/mremap.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ struct vma_remap_struct {
 	unsigned long addr;	/* User-specified address from which we remap. */
 	unsigned long old_len;	/* Length of range being remapped. */
 	unsigned long new_len;	/* Desired new length of mapping. */
-	unsigned long flags;	/* user-specified MREMAP_* flags. */
+	const unsigned long flags; /* user-specified MREMAP_* flags. */
 	unsigned long new_addr;	/* Optionally, desired new address. */
 
 	/* uffd state. */
@@ -909,7 +909,11 @@ static bool vrm_overlaps(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 	return false;
 }
 
-/* Do the mremap() flags require that the new_addr parameter be specified? */
+/*
+ * Will a new address definitely be assigned? This either if the user specifies
+ * it via MREMAP_FIXED, or if MREMAP_DONTUNMAP is used, indicating we will
+ * always detemrine a target address.
+ */
 static bool vrm_implies_new_addr(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 {
 	return vrm->flags & (MREMAP_FIXED | MREMAP_DONTUNMAP);
@@ -955,7 +959,7 @@ static unsigned long vrm_set_new_addr(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
  *
  * Returns true on success, false if insufficient memory to charge.
  */
-static bool vrm_charge(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
+static bool vrm_calc_charge(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 {
 	unsigned long charged;
 
@@ -1260,8 +1264,11 @@ static unsigned long move_vma(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 	if (err)
 		return err;
 
-	/* If accounted, charge the number of bytes the operation will use. */
-	if (!vrm_charge(vrm))
+	/*
+	 * If accounted, determine the number of bytes the operation will
+	 * charge.
+	 */
+	if (!vrm_calc_charge(vrm))
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
 	/* We don't want racing faults. */
@@ -1300,12 +1307,12 @@ static unsigned long move_vma(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 }
 
 /*
- * resize_is_valid() - Ensure the vma can be resized to the new length at the give
- * address.
+ * remap_is_valid() - Ensure the VMA can be moved or resized to the new length,
+ * at the given address.
  *
  * Return 0 on success, error otherwise.
  */
-static int resize_is_valid(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
+static int remap_is_valid(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 {
 	struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
 	struct vm_area_struct *vma = vrm->vma;
@@ -1444,7 +1451,7 @@ static unsigned long mremap_to(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 		vrm->old_len = vrm->new_len;
 	}
 
-	err = resize_is_valid(vrm);
+	err = remap_is_valid(vrm);
 	if (err)
 		return err;
 
@@ -1569,7 +1576,7 @@ static unsigned long expand_vma_in_place(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 	struct vm_area_struct *vma = vrm->vma;
 	VMA_ITERATOR(vmi, mm, vma->vm_end);
 
-	if (!vrm_charge(vrm))
+	if (!vrm_calc_charge(vrm))
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
 	/*
@@ -1630,7 +1637,7 @@ static unsigned long expand_vma(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 	unsigned long err;
 	unsigned long addr = vrm->addr;
 
-	err = resize_is_valid(vrm);
+	err = remap_is_valid(vrm);
 	if (err)
 		return err;
 
@@ -1703,18 +1710,20 @@ static unsigned long mremap_at(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 		return expand_vma(vrm);
 	}
 
-	BUG();
+	/* Should not be possible. */
+	WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
+	return -EINVAL;
 }
 
 static unsigned long do_mremap(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 {
 	struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
 	struct vm_area_struct *vma;
-	unsigned long ret;
+	unsigned long res;
 
-	ret = check_mremap_params(vrm);
-	if (ret)
-		return ret;
+	res = check_mremap_params(vrm);
+	if (res)
+		return res;
 
 	vrm->old_len = PAGE_ALIGN(vrm->old_len);
 	vrm->new_len = PAGE_ALIGN(vrm->new_len);
@@ -1726,41 +1735,41 @@ static unsigned long do_mremap(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 
 	vma = vrm->vma = vma_lookup(mm, vrm->addr);
 	if (!vma) {
-		ret = -EFAULT;
+		res = -EFAULT;
 		goto out;
 	}
 
 	/* If mseal()'d, mremap() is prohibited. */
 	if (!can_modify_vma(vma)) {
-		ret = -EPERM;
+		res = -EPERM;
 		goto out;
 	}
 
 	/* Align to hugetlb page size, if required. */
 	if (is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma) && !align_hugetlb(vrm)) {
-		ret = -EINVAL;
+		res = -EINVAL;
 		goto out;
 	}
 
 	vrm->remap_type = vrm_remap_type(vrm);
 
 	/* Actually execute mremap. */
-	ret = vrm_implies_new_addr(vrm) ? mremap_to(vrm) : mremap_at(vrm);
+	res = vrm_implies_new_addr(vrm) ? mremap_to(vrm) : mremap_at(vrm);
 
 out:
 	if (vrm->mmap_locked) {
 		mmap_write_unlock(mm);
 		vrm->mmap_locked = false;
 
-		if (!offset_in_page(ret) && vrm->mlocked && vrm->new_len > vrm->old_len)
+		if (!offset_in_page(res) && vrm->mlocked && vrm->new_len > vrm->old_len)
 			mm_populate(vrm->new_addr + vrm->old_len, vrm->delta);
 	}
 
 	userfaultfd_unmap_complete(mm, vrm->uf_unmap_early);
-	mremap_userfaultfd_complete(vrm->uf, vrm->addr, ret, vrm->old_len);
+	mremap_userfaultfd_complete(vrm->uf, vrm->addr, res, vrm->old_len);
 	userfaultfd_unmap_complete(mm, vrm->uf_unmap);
 
-	return ret;
+	return res;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.1

[PATCH v4 02/10] mm/mremap: refactor initial parameter sanity checks

[Lorenzo Stoakes]

We are currently checking some things later, and some things immediately.
Aggregate the checks and avoid ones that need not be made.

Simplify things by aligning lengths immediately.  Defer setting the delta
parameter until later, which removes some duplicate code in the hugetlb
case.

We can safely perform the checks moved from mremap_to() to
check_mremap_params() because:

* If we set a new address via vrm_set_new_addr(), then this is guaranteed
  to not overlap nor to position the new VMA past TASK_SIZE, so there's no
  need to check these later.

* We can simply page align lengths immediately. We do not need to check for
  overlap nor TASK_SIZE sanity after hugetlb alignment as this asserts
  addresses are huge-aligned, then huge-aligns lengths, rounding down. This
  means any existing overlap would have already been caught.

Moving things around like this lays the groundwork for subsequent changes
to permit operations on batches of VMAs.

No functional change intended.

Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
---
 mm/mremap.c | 29 ++++++++++++++---------------
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mm/mremap.c b/mm/mremap.c
index 65c7f29b6116..9ce20c238ffd 100644
--- a/mm/mremap.c
+++ b/mm/mremap.c
@@ -1413,14 +1413,6 @@ static unsigned long mremap_to(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 	struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
 	unsigned long err;
 
-	/* Is the new length or address silly? */
-	if (vrm->new_len > TASK_SIZE ||
-	    vrm->new_addr > TASK_SIZE - vrm->new_len)
-		return -EINVAL;
-
-	if (vrm_overlaps(vrm))
-		return -EINVAL;
-
 	if (vrm->flags & MREMAP_FIXED) {
 		/*
 		 * In mremap_to().
@@ -1525,7 +1517,12 @@ static unsigned long check_mremap_params(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 	 * for DOS-emu "duplicate shm area" thing. But
 	 * a zero new-len is nonsensical.
 	 */
-	if (!PAGE_ALIGN(vrm->new_len))
+	if (!vrm->new_len)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* Is the new length or address silly? */
+	if (vrm->new_len > TASK_SIZE ||
+	    vrm->new_addr > TASK_SIZE - vrm->new_len)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 	/* Remainder of checks are for cases with specific new_addr. */
@@ -1544,6 +1541,10 @@ static unsigned long check_mremap_params(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 	if (flags & MREMAP_DONTUNMAP && vrm->old_len != vrm->new_len)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
+	/* Target VMA must not overlap source VMA. */
+	if (vrm_overlaps(vrm))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
 	/*
 	 * move_vma() need us to stay 4 maps below the threshold, otherwise
 	 * it will bail out at the very beginning.
@@ -1620,8 +1621,6 @@ static bool align_hugetlb(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 	if (vrm->new_len > vrm->old_len)
 		return false;
 
-	vrm_set_delta(vrm);
-
 	return true;
 }
 
@@ -1721,14 +1720,13 @@ static unsigned long do_mremap(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 	struct vm_area_struct *vma;
 	unsigned long res;
 
+	vrm->old_len = PAGE_ALIGN(vrm->old_len);
+	vrm->new_len = PAGE_ALIGN(vrm->new_len);
+
 	res = check_mremap_params(vrm);
 	if (res)
 		return res;
 
-	vrm->old_len = PAGE_ALIGN(vrm->old_len);
-	vrm->new_len = PAGE_ALIGN(vrm->new_len);
-	vrm_set_delta(vrm);
-
 	if (mmap_write_lock_killable(mm))
 		return -EINTR;
 	vrm->mmap_locked = true;
@@ -1751,6 +1749,7 @@ static unsigned long do_mremap(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 		goto out;
 	}
 
+	vrm_set_delta(vrm);
 	vrm->remap_type = vrm_remap_type(vrm);
 
 	/* Actually execute mremap. */
-- 
2.50.1

[PATCH v4 03/10] mm/mremap: put VMA check and prep logic into helper function

[Lorenzo Stoakes]

Rather than lumping everything together in do_mremap(), add a new helper
function, check_prep_vma(), to do the work relating to each VMA.

This further lays groundwork for subsequent patches which will allow for
batched VMA mremap().

Additionally, if we set vrm->new_addr == vrm->addr when prepping the VMA,
this avoids us needing to do so in the expand VMA mlocked case.

No functional change intended.

Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
---
 mm/mremap.c | 58 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------------
 1 file changed, 28 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mm/mremap.c b/mm/mremap.c
index 9ce20c238ffd..60eb0ac8634b 100644
--- a/mm/mremap.c
+++ b/mm/mremap.c
@@ -1634,7 +1634,6 @@ static bool align_hugetlb(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 static unsigned long expand_vma(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 {
 	unsigned long err;
-	unsigned long addr = vrm->addr;
 
 	err = remap_is_valid(vrm);
 	if (err)
@@ -1649,16 +1648,8 @@ static unsigned long expand_vma(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 		if (err)
 			return err;
 
-		/*
-		 * We want to populate the newly expanded portion of the VMA to
-		 * satisfy the expectation that mlock()'ing a VMA maintains all
-		 * of its pages in memory.
-		 */
-		if (vrm->mlocked)
-			vrm->new_addr = addr;
-
 		/* OK we're done! */
-		return addr;
+		return vrm->addr;
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -1714,10 +1705,33 @@ static unsigned long mremap_at(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 	return -EINVAL;
 }
 
+static int check_prep_vma(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
+{
+	struct vm_area_struct *vma = vrm->vma;
+
+	if (!vma)
+		return -EFAULT;
+
+	/* If mseal()'d, mremap() is prohibited. */
+	if (!can_modify_vma(vma))
+		return -EPERM;
+
+	/* Align to hugetlb page size, if required. */
+	if (is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma) && !align_hugetlb(vrm))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	vrm_set_delta(vrm);
+	vrm->remap_type = vrm_remap_type(vrm);
+	/* For convenience, we set new_addr even if VMA won't move. */
+	if (!vrm_implies_new_addr(vrm))
+		vrm->new_addr = vrm->addr;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static unsigned long do_mremap(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 {
 	struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
-	struct vm_area_struct *vma;
 	unsigned long res;
 
 	vrm->old_len = PAGE_ALIGN(vrm->old_len);
@@ -1731,26 +1745,10 @@ static unsigned long do_mremap(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 		return -EINTR;
 	vrm->mmap_locked = true;
 
-	vma = vrm->vma = vma_lookup(mm, vrm->addr);
-	if (!vma) {
-		res = -EFAULT;
-		goto out;
-	}
-
-	/* If mseal()'d, mremap() is prohibited. */
-	if (!can_modify_vma(vma)) {
-		res = -EPERM;
-		goto out;
-	}
-
-	/* Align to hugetlb page size, if required. */
-	if (is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma) && !align_hugetlb(vrm)) {
-		res = -EINVAL;
+	vrm->vma = vma_lookup(current->mm, vrm->addr);
+	res = check_prep_vma(vrm);
+	if (res)
 		goto out;
-	}
-
-	vrm_set_delta(vrm);
-	vrm->remap_type = vrm_remap_type(vrm);
 
 	/* Actually execute mremap. */
 	res = vrm_implies_new_addr(vrm) ? mremap_to(vrm) : mremap_at(vrm);
-- 
2.50.1

[PATCH v4 04/10] mm/mremap: cleanup post-processing stage of mremap

[Lorenzo Stoakes]

Separate out the uffd bits so it clear's what's happening.

Don't bother setting vrm->mmap_locked after unlocking, because after this
we are done anyway.

The only time we drop the mmap lock is on VMA shrink, at which point
vrm->new_len will be < vrm->old_len and the operation will not be
performed anyway, so move this code out of the if (vrm->mmap_locked)
block.

All addresses returned by mremap() are page-aligned, so the
offset_in_page() check on ret seems only to be incorrectly trying to
detect whether an error occurred - explicitly check for this.

No functional change intended.

Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
---
 mm/mremap.c | 22 +++++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mm/mremap.c b/mm/mremap.c
index 60eb0ac8634b..53447761e55d 100644
--- a/mm/mremap.c
+++ b/mm/mremap.c
@@ -1729,6 +1729,15 @@ static int check_prep_vma(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static void notify_uffd(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm, unsigned long to)
+{
+	struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
+
+	userfaultfd_unmap_complete(mm, vrm->uf_unmap_early);
+	mremap_userfaultfd_complete(vrm->uf, vrm->addr, to, vrm->old_len);
+	userfaultfd_unmap_complete(mm, vrm->uf_unmap);
+}
+
 static unsigned long do_mremap(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 {
 	struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
@@ -1754,18 +1763,13 @@ static unsigned long do_mremap(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 	res = vrm_implies_new_addr(vrm) ? mremap_to(vrm) : mremap_at(vrm);
 
 out:
-	if (vrm->mmap_locked) {
+	if (vrm->mmap_locked)
 		mmap_write_unlock(mm);
-		vrm->mmap_locked = false;
-
-		if (!offset_in_page(res) && vrm->mlocked && vrm->new_len > vrm->old_len)
-			mm_populate(vrm->new_addr + vrm->old_len, vrm->delta);
-	}
 
-	userfaultfd_unmap_complete(mm, vrm->uf_unmap_early);
-	mremap_userfaultfd_complete(vrm->uf, vrm->addr, res, vrm->old_len);
-	userfaultfd_unmap_complete(mm, vrm->uf_unmap);
+	if (!IS_ERR_VALUE(res) && vrm->mlocked && vrm->new_len > vrm->old_len)
+		mm_populate(vrm->new_addr + vrm->old_len, vrm->delta);
 
+	notify_uffd(vrm, res);
 	return res;
 }
 
-- 
2.50.1

[PATCH v4 05/10] mm/mremap: use an explicit uffd failure path for mremap

[Lorenzo Stoakes]

Right now it appears that the code is relying upon the returned
destination address having bits outside PAGE_MASK to indicate whether an
error value is specified, and decrementing the increased refcount on the
uffd ctx if so.

This is not a safe means of determining an error value, so instead, be
specific.  It makes far more sense to do so in a dedicated error path, so
add mremap_userfaultfd_fail() for this purpose and use this when an error
arises.

A vm_userfaultfd_ctx is not established until we are at the point where
mremap_userfaultfd_prep() is invoked in copy_vma_and_data(), so this is a
no-op until this happens.

That is - uffd remap notification only occurs if the VMA is actually moved
- at which point a UFFD_EVENT_REMAP event is raised.

No errors can occur after this point currently, though it's certainly not
guaranteed this will always remain the case, and we mustn't rely on this.

However, the reason for needing to handle this case is that, when an error
arises on a VMA move at the point of adjusting page tables, we revert this
operation, and propagate the error.

At this point, it is not correct to raise a uffd remap event, and we must
handle it.

This refactoring makes it abundantly clear what we are doing.

We assume vrm->new_addr is always valid, which a prior change made the
case even for mremap() invocations which don't move the VMA, however given
no uffd context would be set up in this case it's immaterial to this
change anyway.

No functional change intended.

Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
---
 fs/userfaultfd.c              | 15 ++++++++++-----
 include/linux/userfaultfd_k.h |  5 +++++
 mm/mremap.c                   | 16 ++++++++++++----
 3 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/userfaultfd.c b/fs/userfaultfd.c
index 2a644aa1a510..54c6cc7fe9c6 100644
--- a/fs/userfaultfd.c
+++ b/fs/userfaultfd.c
@@ -750,11 +750,6 @@ void mremap_userfaultfd_complete(struct vm_userfaultfd_ctx *vm_ctx,
 	if (!ctx)
 		return;
 
-	if (to & ~PAGE_MASK) {
-		userfaultfd_ctx_put(ctx);
-		return;
-	}
-
 	msg_init(&ewq.msg);
 
 	ewq.msg.event = UFFD_EVENT_REMAP;
@@ -765,6 +760,16 @@ void mremap_userfaultfd_complete(struct vm_userfaultfd_ctx *vm_ctx,
 	userfaultfd_event_wait_completion(ctx, &ewq);
 }
 
+void mremap_userfaultfd_fail(struct vm_userfaultfd_ctx *vm_ctx)
+{
+	struct userfaultfd_ctx *ctx = vm_ctx->ctx;
+
+	if (!ctx)
+		return;
+
+	userfaultfd_ctx_put(ctx);
+}
+
 bool userfaultfd_remove(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 			unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
 {
diff --git a/include/linux/userfaultfd_k.h b/include/linux/userfaultfd_k.h
index df85330bcfa6..c0e716aec26a 100644
--- a/include/linux/userfaultfd_k.h
+++ b/include/linux/userfaultfd_k.h
@@ -259,6 +259,7 @@ extern void mremap_userfaultfd_prep(struct vm_area_struct *,
 extern void mremap_userfaultfd_complete(struct vm_userfaultfd_ctx *,
 					unsigned long from, unsigned long to,
 					unsigned long len);
+void mremap_userfaultfd_fail(struct vm_userfaultfd_ctx *);
 
 extern bool userfaultfd_remove(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 			       unsigned long start,
@@ -371,6 +372,10 @@ static inline void mremap_userfaultfd_complete(struct vm_userfaultfd_ctx *ctx,
 {
 }
 
+static inline void mremap_userfaultfd_fail(struct vm_userfaultfd_ctx *ctx)
+{
+}
+
 static inline bool userfaultfd_remove(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 				      unsigned long start,
 				      unsigned long end)
diff --git a/mm/mremap.c b/mm/mremap.c
index 53447761e55d..db7e773d0884 100644
--- a/mm/mremap.c
+++ b/mm/mremap.c
@@ -1729,12 +1729,17 @@ static int check_prep_vma(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void notify_uffd(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm, unsigned long to)
+static void notify_uffd(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm, bool failed)
 {
 	struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
 
+	/* Regardless of success/failure, we always notify of any unmaps. */
 	userfaultfd_unmap_complete(mm, vrm->uf_unmap_early);
-	mremap_userfaultfd_complete(vrm->uf, vrm->addr, to, vrm->old_len);
+	if (failed)
+		mremap_userfaultfd_fail(vrm->uf);
+	else
+		mremap_userfaultfd_complete(vrm->uf, vrm->addr,
+			vrm->new_addr, vrm->old_len);
 	userfaultfd_unmap_complete(mm, vrm->uf_unmap);
 }
 
@@ -1742,6 +1747,7 @@ static unsigned long do_mremap(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 {
 	struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
 	unsigned long res;
+	bool failed;
 
 	vrm->old_len = PAGE_ALIGN(vrm->old_len);
 	vrm->new_len = PAGE_ALIGN(vrm->new_len);
@@ -1763,13 +1769,15 @@ static unsigned long do_mremap(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 	res = vrm_implies_new_addr(vrm) ? mremap_to(vrm) : mremap_at(vrm);
 
 out:
+	failed = IS_ERR_VALUE(res);
+
 	if (vrm->mmap_locked)
 		mmap_write_unlock(mm);
 
-	if (!IS_ERR_VALUE(res) && vrm->mlocked && vrm->new_len > vrm->old_len)
+	if (!failed && vrm->mlocked && vrm->new_len > vrm->old_len)
 		mm_populate(vrm->new_addr + vrm->old_len, vrm->delta);
 
-	notify_uffd(vrm, res);
+	notify_uffd(vrm, failed);
 	return res;
 }
 
-- 
2.50.1

[PATCH v4 06/10] mm/mremap: check remap conditions earlier

[Lorenzo Stoakes]

When we expand or move a VMA, this requires a number of additional checks
to be performed.

Make it really obvious under what circumstances these checks must be
performed and aggregate all the checks in one place by invoking this in
check_prep_vma().

We have to adjust the checks to account for shrink + move operations by
checking new_len <= old_len rather than new_len == old_len.

No functional change intended.

Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
---
 mm/mremap.c | 28 +++++++++++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mm/mremap.c b/mm/mremap.c
index db7e773d0884..20844fb91755 100644
--- a/mm/mremap.c
+++ b/mm/mremap.c
@@ -1343,7 +1343,7 @@ static int remap_is_valid(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 	if (old_len > vma->vm_end - addr)
 		return -EFAULT;
 
-	if (new_len == old_len)
+	if (new_len <= old_len)
 		return 0;
 
 	/* Need to be careful about a growing mapping */
@@ -1443,10 +1443,6 @@ static unsigned long mremap_to(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 		vrm->old_len = vrm->new_len;
 	}
 
-	err = remap_is_valid(vrm);
-	if (err)
-		return err;
-
 	/* MREMAP_DONTUNMAP expands by old_len since old_len == new_len */
 	if (vrm->flags & MREMAP_DONTUNMAP) {
 		vm_flags_t vm_flags = vrm->vma->vm_flags;
@@ -1635,10 +1631,6 @@ static unsigned long expand_vma(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 {
 	unsigned long err;
 
-	err = remap_is_valid(vrm);
-	if (err)
-		return err;
-
 	/*
 	 * [addr, old_len) spans precisely to the end of the VMA, so try to
 	 * expand it in-place.
@@ -1705,6 +1697,21 @@ static unsigned long mremap_at(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 	return -EINVAL;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Will this operation result in the VMA being expanded or moved and thus need
+ * to map a new portion of virtual address space?
+ */
+static bool vrm_will_map_new(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
+{
+	if (vrm->remap_type == MREMAP_EXPAND)
+		return true;
+
+	if (vrm_implies_new_addr(vrm))
+		return true;
+
+	return false;
+}
+
 static int check_prep_vma(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 {
 	struct vm_area_struct *vma = vrm->vma;
@@ -1726,6 +1733,9 @@ static int check_prep_vma(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 	if (!vrm_implies_new_addr(vrm))
 		vrm->new_addr = vrm->addr;
 
+	if (vrm_will_map_new(vrm))
+		return remap_is_valid(vrm);
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
-- 
2.50.1

[PATCH v4 07/10] mm/mremap: move remap_is_valid() into check_prep_vma()

[Lorenzo Stoakes]

Group parameter check logic together, moving check_mremap_params() next to
it.

This puts all such checks into a single place, and invokes them early so
we can simply bail out as soon as we are aware that a condition is not
met.

No functional change intended.

Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
---
 mm/mremap.c | 273 +++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------------
 1 file changed, 131 insertions(+), 142 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mm/mremap.c b/mm/mremap.c
index 20844fb91755..3678f21c2c36 100644
--- a/mm/mremap.c
+++ b/mm/mremap.c
@@ -1306,64 +1306,6 @@ static unsigned long move_vma(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 	return err ? (unsigned long)err : vrm->new_addr;
 }
 
-/*
- * remap_is_valid() - Ensure the VMA can be moved or resized to the new length,
- * at the given address.
- *
- * Return 0 on success, error otherwise.
- */
-static int remap_is_valid(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
-{
-	struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
-	struct vm_area_struct *vma = vrm->vma;
-	unsigned long addr = vrm->addr;
-	unsigned long old_len = vrm->old_len;
-	unsigned long new_len = vrm->new_len;
-	unsigned long pgoff;
-
-	/*
-	 * !old_len is a special case where an attempt is made to 'duplicate'
-	 * a mapping.  This makes no sense for private mappings as it will
-	 * instead create a fresh/new mapping unrelated to the original.  This
-	 * is contrary to the basic idea of mremap which creates new mappings
-	 * based on the original.  There are no known use cases for this
-	 * behavior.  As a result, fail such attempts.
-	 */
-	if (!old_len && !(vma->vm_flags & (VM_SHARED | VM_MAYSHARE))) {
-		pr_warn_once("%s (%d): attempted to duplicate a private mapping with mremap.  This is not supported.\n",
-			     current->comm, current->pid);
-		return -EINVAL;
-	}
-
-	if ((vrm->flags & MREMAP_DONTUNMAP) &&
-			(vma->vm_flags & (VM_DONTEXPAND | VM_PFNMAP)))
-		return -EINVAL;
-
-	/* We can't remap across vm area boundaries */
-	if (old_len > vma->vm_end - addr)
-		return -EFAULT;
-
-	if (new_len <= old_len)
-		return 0;
-
-	/* Need to be careful about a growing mapping */
-	pgoff = (addr - vma->vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
-	pgoff += vma->vm_pgoff;
-	if (pgoff + (new_len >> PAGE_SHIFT) < pgoff)
-		return -EINVAL;
-
-	if (vma->vm_flags & (VM_DONTEXPAND | VM_PFNMAP))
-		return -EFAULT;
-
-	if (!mlock_future_ok(mm, vma->vm_flags, vrm->delta))
-		return -EAGAIN;
-
-	if (!may_expand_vm(mm, vma->vm_flags, vrm->delta >> PAGE_SHIFT))
-		return -ENOMEM;
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
 /*
  * The user has requested that the VMA be shrunk (i.e., old_len > new_len), so
  * execute this, optionally dropping the mmap lock when we do so.
@@ -1490,77 +1432,6 @@ static bool vrm_can_expand_in_place(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 	return true;
 }
 
-/*
- * Are the parameters passed to mremap() valid? If so return 0, otherwise return
- * error.
- */
-static unsigned long check_mremap_params(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
-
-{
-	unsigned long addr = vrm->addr;
-	unsigned long flags = vrm->flags;
-
-	/* Ensure no unexpected flag values. */
-	if (flags & ~(MREMAP_FIXED | MREMAP_MAYMOVE | MREMAP_DONTUNMAP))
-		return -EINVAL;
-
-	/* Start address must be page-aligned. */
-	if (offset_in_page(addr))
-		return -EINVAL;
-
-	/*
-	 * We allow a zero old-len as a special case
-	 * for DOS-emu "duplicate shm area" thing. But
-	 * a zero new-len is nonsensical.
-	 */
-	if (!vrm->new_len)
-		return -EINVAL;
-
-	/* Is the new length or address silly? */
-	if (vrm->new_len > TASK_SIZE ||
-	    vrm->new_addr > TASK_SIZE - vrm->new_len)
-		return -EINVAL;
-
-	/* Remainder of checks are for cases with specific new_addr. */
-	if (!vrm_implies_new_addr(vrm))
-		return 0;
-
-	/* The new address must be page-aligned. */
-	if (offset_in_page(vrm->new_addr))
-		return -EINVAL;
-
-	/* A fixed address implies a move. */
-	if (!(flags & MREMAP_MAYMOVE))
-		return -EINVAL;
-
-	/* MREMAP_DONTUNMAP does not allow resizing in the process. */
-	if (flags & MREMAP_DONTUNMAP && vrm->old_len != vrm->new_len)
-		return -EINVAL;
-
-	/* Target VMA must not overlap source VMA. */
-	if (vrm_overlaps(vrm))
-		return -EINVAL;
-
-	/*
-	 * move_vma() need us to stay 4 maps below the threshold, otherwise
-	 * it will bail out at the very beginning.
-	 * That is a problem if we have already unmaped the regions here
-	 * (new_addr, and old_addr), because userspace will not know the
-	 * state of the vma's after it gets -ENOMEM.
-	 * So, to avoid such scenario we can pre-compute if the whole
-	 * operation has high chances to success map-wise.
-	 * Worst-scenario case is when both vma's (new_addr and old_addr) get
-	 * split in 3 before unmapping it.
-	 * That means 2 more maps (1 for each) to the ones we already hold.
-	 * Check whether current map count plus 2 still leads us to 4 maps below
-	 * the threshold, otherwise return -ENOMEM here to be more safe.
-	 */
-	if ((current->mm->map_count + 2) >= sysctl_max_map_count - 3)
-		return -ENOMEM;
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
 /*
  * We know we can expand the VMA in-place by delta pages, so do so.
  *
@@ -1712,9 +1583,26 @@ static bool vrm_will_map_new(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 	return false;
 }
 
+static void notify_uffd(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm, bool failed)
+{
+	struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
+
+	/* Regardless of success/failure, we always notify of any unmaps. */
+	userfaultfd_unmap_complete(mm, vrm->uf_unmap_early);
+	if (failed)
+		mremap_userfaultfd_fail(vrm->uf);
+	else
+		mremap_userfaultfd_complete(vrm->uf, vrm->addr,
+			vrm->new_addr, vrm->old_len);
+	userfaultfd_unmap_complete(mm, vrm->uf_unmap);
+}
+
 static int check_prep_vma(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 {
 	struct vm_area_struct *vma = vrm->vma;
+	struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
+	unsigned long addr = vrm->addr;
+	unsigned long old_len, new_len, pgoff;
 
 	if (!vma)
 		return -EFAULT;
@@ -1731,26 +1619,127 @@ static int check_prep_vma(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 	vrm->remap_type = vrm_remap_type(vrm);
 	/* For convenience, we set new_addr even if VMA won't move. */
 	if (!vrm_implies_new_addr(vrm))
-		vrm->new_addr = vrm->addr;
+		vrm->new_addr = addr;
+
+	/* Below only meaningful if we expand or move a VMA. */
+	if (!vrm_will_map_new(vrm))
+		return 0;
 
-	if (vrm_will_map_new(vrm))
-		return remap_is_valid(vrm);
+	old_len = vrm->old_len;
+	new_len = vrm->new_len;
+
+	/*
+	 * !old_len is a special case where an attempt is made to 'duplicate'
+	 * a mapping.  This makes no sense for private mappings as it will
+	 * instead create a fresh/new mapping unrelated to the original.  This
+	 * is contrary to the basic idea of mremap which creates new mappings
+	 * based on the original.  There are no known use cases for this
+	 * behavior.  As a result, fail such attempts.
+	 */
+	if (!old_len && !(vma->vm_flags & (VM_SHARED | VM_MAYSHARE))) {
+		pr_warn_once("%s (%d): attempted to duplicate a private mapping with mremap.  This is not supported.\n",
+			     current->comm, current->pid);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	if ((vrm->flags & MREMAP_DONTUNMAP) &&
+			(vma->vm_flags & (VM_DONTEXPAND | VM_PFNMAP)))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* We can't remap across vm area boundaries */
+	if (old_len > vma->vm_end - addr)
+		return -EFAULT;
+
+	if (new_len <= old_len)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Need to be careful about a growing mapping */
+	pgoff = (addr - vma->vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+	pgoff += vma->vm_pgoff;
+	if (pgoff + (new_len >> PAGE_SHIFT) < pgoff)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (vma->vm_flags & (VM_DONTEXPAND | VM_PFNMAP))
+		return -EFAULT;
+
+	if (!mlock_future_ok(mm, vma->vm_flags, vrm->delta))
+		return -EAGAIN;
+
+	if (!may_expand_vm(mm, vma->vm_flags, vrm->delta >> PAGE_SHIFT))
+		return -ENOMEM;
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void notify_uffd(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm, bool failed)
+/*
+ * Are the parameters passed to mremap() valid? If so return 0, otherwise return
+ * error.
+ */
+static unsigned long check_mremap_params(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
+
 {
-	struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
+	unsigned long addr = vrm->addr;
+	unsigned long flags = vrm->flags;
 
-	/* Regardless of success/failure, we always notify of any unmaps. */
-	userfaultfd_unmap_complete(mm, vrm->uf_unmap_early);
-	if (failed)
-		mremap_userfaultfd_fail(vrm->uf);
-	else
-		mremap_userfaultfd_complete(vrm->uf, vrm->addr,
-			vrm->new_addr, vrm->old_len);
-	userfaultfd_unmap_complete(mm, vrm->uf_unmap);
+	/* Ensure no unexpected flag values. */
+	if (flags & ~(MREMAP_FIXED | MREMAP_MAYMOVE | MREMAP_DONTUNMAP))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* Start address must be page-aligned. */
+	if (offset_in_page(addr))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/*
+	 * We allow a zero old-len as a special case
+	 * for DOS-emu "duplicate shm area" thing. But
+	 * a zero new-len is nonsensical.
+	 */
+	if (!vrm->new_len)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* Is the new length or address silly? */
+	if (vrm->new_len > TASK_SIZE ||
+	    vrm->new_addr > TASK_SIZE - vrm->new_len)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* Remainder of checks are for cases with specific new_addr. */
+	if (!vrm_implies_new_addr(vrm))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* The new address must be page-aligned. */
+	if (offset_in_page(vrm->new_addr))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* A fixed address implies a move. */
+	if (!(flags & MREMAP_MAYMOVE))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* MREMAP_DONTUNMAP does not allow resizing in the process. */
+	if (flags & MREMAP_DONTUNMAP && vrm->old_len != vrm->new_len)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* Target VMA must not overlap source VMA. */
+	if (vrm_overlaps(vrm))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/*
+	 * move_vma() need us to stay 4 maps below the threshold, otherwise
+	 * it will bail out at the very beginning.
+	 * That is a problem if we have already unmaped the regions here
+	 * (new_addr, and old_addr), because userspace will not know the
+	 * state of the vma's after it gets -ENOMEM.
+	 * So, to avoid such scenario we can pre-compute if the whole
+	 * operation has high chances to success map-wise.
+	 * Worst-scenario case is when both vma's (new_addr and old_addr) get
+	 * split in 3 before unmapping it.
+	 * That means 2 more maps (1 for each) to the ones we already hold.
+	 * Check whether current map count plus 2 still leads us to 4 maps below
+	 * the threshold, otherwise return -ENOMEM here to be more safe.
+	 */
+	if ((current->mm->map_count + 2) >= sysctl_max_map_count - 3)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static unsigned long do_mremap(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
-- 
2.50.1

[PATCH v4 08/10] mm/mremap: clean up mlock populate behaviour

[Lorenzo Stoakes]

When an mlock()'d VMA is expanded, we need to populate the expanded region
to maintain the contract that all mlock()'d memory is present (albeit -
with some period after mmap unlock where the expanded part of the mapping
remains unfaulted).

The current implementation is very unclear, so make it absolutely explicit
under what circumstances we do this.

Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
---
 mm/mremap.c | 13 ++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mm/mremap.c b/mm/mremap.c
index 3678f21c2c36..28e776cddc08 100644
--- a/mm/mremap.c
+++ b/mm/mremap.c
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ struct vma_remap_struct {
 
 	/* Internal state, determined in do_mremap(). */
 	unsigned long delta;		/* Absolute delta of old_len,new_len. */
-	bool mlocked;			/* Was the VMA mlock()'d? */
+	bool populate_expand;		/* mlock()'d expanded, must populate. */
 	enum mremap_type remap_type;	/* expand, shrink, etc. */
 	bool mmap_locked;		/* Is mm currently write-locked? */
 	unsigned long charged;		/* If VM_ACCOUNT, # pages to account. */
@@ -1010,10 +1010,8 @@ static void vrm_stat_account(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm,
 	struct vm_area_struct *vma = vrm->vma;
 
 	vm_stat_account(mm, vma->vm_flags, pages);
-	if (vma->vm_flags & VM_LOCKED) {
+	if (vma->vm_flags & VM_LOCKED)
 		mm->locked_vm += pages;
-		vrm->mlocked = true;
-	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1653,6 +1651,10 @@ static int check_prep_vma(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 	if (new_len <= old_len)
 		return 0;
 
+	/* We are expanding and the VMA is mlock()'d so we need to populate. */
+	if (vma->vm_flags & VM_LOCKED)
+		vrm->populate_expand = true;
+
 	/* Need to be careful about a growing mapping */
 	pgoff = (addr - vma->vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
 	pgoff += vma->vm_pgoff;
@@ -1773,7 +1775,8 @@ static unsigned long do_mremap(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 	if (vrm->mmap_locked)
 		mmap_write_unlock(mm);
 
-	if (!failed && vrm->mlocked && vrm->new_len > vrm->old_len)
+	/* VMA mlock'd + was expanded, so populated expanded region. */
+	if (!failed && vrm->populate_expand)
 		mm_populate(vrm->new_addr + vrm->old_len, vrm->delta);
 
 	notify_uffd(vrm, failed);
-- 
2.50.1

[PATCH v4 09/10] mm/mremap: permit mremap() move of multiple VMAs

[Lorenzo Stoakes]

Historically we've made it a uAPI requirement that mremap() may only
operate on a single VMA at a time.

For instances where VMAs need to be resized, this makes sense, as it
becomes very difficult to determine what a user actually wants should they
indicate a desire to expand or shrink the size of multiple VMAs (truncate?
Adjust sizes individually?  Some other strategy?).

However, in instances where a user is moving VMAs, it is restrictive to
disallow this.

This is especially the case when anonymous mapping remap may or may not be
mergeable depending on whether VMAs have or have not been faulted due to
anon_vma assignment and folio index alignment with vma->vm_pgoff.

Often this can result in surprising impact where a moved region is
faulted, then moved back and a user fails to observe a merge from
otherwise compatible, adjacent VMAs.

This change allows such cases to work without the user having to be
cognizant of whether a prior mremap() move or other VMA operations has
resulted in VMA fragmentation.

We only permit this for mremap() operations that do NOT change the size of
the VMA and DO specify MREMAP_MAYMOVE | MREMAP_FIXED.

Should no VMA exist in the range, -EFAULT is returned as usual.

If a VMA move spans a single VMA - then there is no functional change.

Otherwise, we place additional requirements upon VMAs:

* They must not have a userfaultfd context associated with them - this
  requires dropping the lock to notify users, and we want to perform the
  operation with the mmap write lock held throughout.

* If file-backed, they cannot have a custom get_unmapped_area handler -
  this might result in MREMAP_FIXED not being honoured, which could result
  in unexpected positioning of VMAs in the moved region.

There may be gaps in the range of VMAs that are moved:

                   X        Y                       X        Y
                 <--->     <->                    <--->     <->
         |-------|   |-----| |-----|      |-------|   |-----| |-----|
         |   A   |   |  B  | |  C  | ---> |   A'  |   |  B' | |  C' |
         |-------|   |-----| |-----|      |-------|   |-----| |-----|
        addr                           new_addr

The move will preserve the gaps between each VMA.

Note that any failures encountered will result in a partial move.  Since
an mremap() can fail at any time, this might result in only some of the
VMAs being moved.

Note that failures are very rare and typically require an out of a memory
condition or a mapping limit condition to be hit, assuming the VMAs being
moved are valid.

We don't try to assess ahead of time whether VMAs are valid according to
the multi VMA rules, as it would be rather unusual for a user to mix
uffd-enabled VMAs and/or VMAs which map unusual driver mappings that
specify custom get_unmapped_area() handlers in an aggregate operation.

So we optimise for the far, far more likely case of the operation being
entirely permissible.

In the case of the move of a single VMA, the above conditions are
permitted.  This makes the behaviour identical for a single VMA as before.

Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
---
 mm/mremap.c | 159 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 152 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mm/mremap.c b/mm/mremap.c
index 28e776cddc08..e67cba4e6fc0 100644
--- a/mm/mremap.c
+++ b/mm/mremap.c
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ struct vma_remap_struct {
 	enum mremap_type remap_type;	/* expand, shrink, etc. */
 	bool mmap_locked;		/* Is mm currently write-locked? */
 	unsigned long charged;		/* If VM_ACCOUNT, # pages to account. */
+	bool vmi_needs_invalidate;	/* Is the VMA iterator invalidated? */
 };
 
 static pud_t *get_old_pud(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr)
@@ -1111,6 +1112,7 @@ static void unmap_source_vma(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 
 	err = do_vmi_munmap(&vmi, mm, addr, len, vrm->uf_unmap, /* unlock= */false);
 	vrm->vma = NULL; /* Invalidated. */
+	vrm->vmi_needs_invalidate = true;
 	if (err) {
 		/* OOM: unable to split vma, just get accounts right */
 		vm_acct_memory(len >> PAGE_SHIFT);
@@ -1186,6 +1188,10 @@ static int copy_vma_and_data(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm,
 		*new_vma_ptr = NULL;
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	}
+	/* By merging, we may have invalidated any iterator in use. */
+	if (vma != vrm->vma)
+		vrm->vmi_needs_invalidate = true;
+
 	vrm->vma = vma;
 	pmc.old = vma;
 	pmc.new = new_vma;
@@ -1362,6 +1368,7 @@ static unsigned long mremap_to(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 		err = do_munmap(mm, vrm->new_addr, vrm->new_len,
 				vrm->uf_unmap_early);
 		vrm->vma = NULL; /* Invalidated. */
+		vrm->vmi_needs_invalidate = true;
 		if (err)
 			return err;
 
@@ -1581,6 +1588,18 @@ static bool vrm_will_map_new(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 	return false;
 }
 
+/* Does this remap ONLY move mappings? */
+static bool vrm_move_only(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
+{
+	if (!(vrm->flags & MREMAP_FIXED))
+		return false;
+
+	if (vrm->old_len != vrm->new_len)
+		return false;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
 static void notify_uffd(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm, bool failed)
 {
 	struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
@@ -1595,6 +1614,32 @@ static void notify_uffd(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm, bool failed)
 	userfaultfd_unmap_complete(mm, vrm->uf_unmap);
 }
 
+static bool vma_multi_allowed(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
+{
+	struct file *file;
+
+	/*
+	 * We can't support moving multiple uffd VMAs as notify requires
+	 * mmap lock to be dropped.
+	 */
+	if (userfaultfd_armed(vma))
+		return false;
+
+	/*
+	 * Custom get unmapped area might result in MREMAP_FIXED not
+	 * being obeyed.
+	 */
+	file = vma->vm_file;
+	if (file && !vma_is_shmem(vma) && !is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma)) {
+		const struct file_operations *fop = file->f_op;
+
+		if (fop->get_unmapped_area)
+			return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
 static int check_prep_vma(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 {
 	struct vm_area_struct *vma = vrm->vma;
@@ -1644,7 +1689,19 @@ static int check_prep_vma(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 			(vma->vm_flags & (VM_DONTEXPAND | VM_PFNMAP)))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	/* We can't remap across vm area boundaries */
+	/*
+	 * We can't remap across the end of VMAs, as another VMA may be
+	 * adjacent:
+	 *
+	 *       addr   vma->vm_end
+	 *  |-----.----------|
+	 *  |     .          |
+	 *  |-----.----------|
+	 *        .<--------->xxx>
+	 *            old_len
+	 *
+	 * We also require that vma->vm_start <= addr < vma->vm_end.
+	 */
 	if (old_len > vma->vm_end - addr)
 		return -EFAULT;
 
@@ -1744,6 +1801,90 @@ static unsigned long check_mremap_params(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static unsigned long remap_move(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
+{
+	struct vm_area_struct *vma;
+	unsigned long start = vrm->addr;
+	unsigned long end = vrm->addr + vrm->old_len;
+	unsigned long new_addr = vrm->new_addr;
+	bool allowed = true, seen_vma = false;
+	unsigned long target_addr = new_addr;
+	unsigned long res = -EFAULT;
+	unsigned long last_end;
+	VMA_ITERATOR(vmi, current->mm, start);
+
+	/*
+	 * When moving VMAs we allow for batched moves across multiple VMAs,
+	 * with all VMAs in the input range [addr, addr + old_len) being moved
+	 * (and split as necessary).
+	 */
+	for_each_vma_range(vmi, vma, end) {
+		/* Account for start, end not aligned with VMA start, end. */
+		unsigned long addr = max(vma->vm_start, start);
+		unsigned long len = min(end, vma->vm_end) - addr;
+		unsigned long offset, res_vma;
+
+		if (!allowed)
+			return -EFAULT;
+
+		/* No gap permitted at the start of the range. */
+		if (!seen_vma && start < vma->vm_start)
+			return -EFAULT;
+
+		/*
+		 * To sensibly move multiple VMAs, accounting for the fact that
+		 * get_unmapped_area() may align even MAP_FIXED moves, we simply
+		 * attempt to move such that the gaps between source VMAs remain
+		 * consistent in destination VMAs, e.g.:
+		 *
+		 *           X        Y                       X        Y
+		 *         <--->     <->                    <--->     <->
+		 * |-------|   |-----| |-----|      |-------|   |-----| |-----|
+		 * |   A   |   |  B  | |  C  | ---> |   A'  |   |  B' | |  C' |
+		 * |-------|   |-----| |-----|      |-------|   |-----| |-----|
+		 *                               new_addr
+		 *
+		 * So we map B' at A'->vm_end + X, and C' at B'->vm_end + Y.
+		 */
+		offset = seen_vma ? vma->vm_start - last_end : 0;
+		last_end = vma->vm_end;
+
+		vrm->vma = vma;
+		vrm->addr = addr;
+		vrm->new_addr = target_addr + offset;
+		vrm->old_len = vrm->new_len = len;
+
+		allowed = vma_multi_allowed(vma);
+		if (seen_vma && !allowed)
+			return -EFAULT;
+
+		res_vma = check_prep_vma(vrm);
+		if (!res_vma)
+			res_vma = mremap_to(vrm);
+		if (IS_ERR_VALUE(res_vma))
+			return res_vma;
+
+		if (!seen_vma) {
+			VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(allowed && res_vma != new_addr);
+			res = res_vma;
+		}
+
+		/* mmap lock is only dropped on shrink. */
+		VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!vrm->mmap_locked);
+		/* This is a move, no expand should occur. */
+		VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(vrm->populate_expand);
+
+		if (vrm->vmi_needs_invalidate) {
+			vma_iter_invalidate(&vmi);
+			vrm->vmi_needs_invalidate = false;
+		}
+		seen_vma = true;
+		target_addr = res_vma + vrm->new_len;
+	}
+
+	return res;
+}
+
 static unsigned long do_mremap(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 {
 	struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
@@ -1761,13 +1902,17 @@ static unsigned long do_mremap(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 		return -EINTR;
 	vrm->mmap_locked = true;
 
-	vrm->vma = vma_lookup(current->mm, vrm->addr);
-	res = check_prep_vma(vrm);
-	if (res)
-		goto out;
+	if (vrm_move_only(vrm)) {
+		res = remap_move(vrm);
+	} else {
+		vrm->vma = vma_lookup(current->mm, vrm->addr);
+		res = check_prep_vma(vrm);
+		if (res)
+			goto out;
 
-	/* Actually execute mremap. */
-	res = vrm_implies_new_addr(vrm) ? mremap_to(vrm) : mremap_at(vrm);
+		/* Actually execute mremap. */
+		res = vrm_implies_new_addr(vrm) ? mremap_to(vrm) : mremap_at(vrm);
+	}
 
 out:
 	failed = IS_ERR_VALUE(res);
-- 
2.50.1

[PATCH v4 10/10] tools/testing/selftests: extend mremap_test to test multi-VMA mremap

[Lorenzo Stoakes]

Now that we have added the ability to move multiple VMAs at once, assert
that this functions correctly, both overwriting VMAs and moving backwards
and forwards with merge and VMA invalidation.

Additionally assert that page tables are correctly propagated by setting
random data and reading it back.

Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com>
---
 tools/testing/selftests/mm/mremap_test.c | 146 ++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 145 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/mremap_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/mremap_test.c
index bb84476a177f..0a49be11e614 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/mremap_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/mremap_test.c
@@ -380,6 +380,149 @@ static void mremap_move_within_range(unsigned int pattern_seed, char *rand_addr)
 		ksft_test_result_fail("%s\n", test_name);
 }
 
+static bool is_multiple_vma_range_ok(unsigned int pattern_seed,
+				     char *ptr, unsigned long page_size)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	srand(pattern_seed);
+	for (i = 0; i <= 10; i += 2) {
+		int j;
+		char *buf = &ptr[i * page_size];
+		size_t size = i == 4 ? 2 * page_size : page_size;
+
+		for (j = 0; j < size; j++) {
+			char chr = rand();
+
+			if (chr != buf[j]) {
+				ksft_print_msg("page %d offset %d corrupted, expected %d got %d\n",
+					       i, j, chr, buf[j]);
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+static void mremap_move_multiple_vmas(unsigned int pattern_seed,
+				      unsigned long page_size)
+{
+	char *test_name = "mremap move multiple vmas";
+	const size_t size = 11 * page_size;
+	bool success = true;
+	char *ptr, *tgt_ptr;
+	int i;
+
+	ptr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
+		   MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANON, -1, 0);
+	if (ptr == MAP_FAILED) {
+		perror("mmap");
+		success = false;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	tgt_ptr = mmap(NULL, 2 * size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
+		       MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANON, -1, 0);
+	if (tgt_ptr == MAP_FAILED) {
+		perror("mmap");
+		success = false;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	if (munmap(tgt_ptr, 2 * size)) {
+		perror("munmap");
+		success = false;
+		goto out_unmap;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Unmap so we end up with:
+	 *
+	 *  0   2   4 5 6   8   10 offset in buffer
+	 * |*| |*| |*****| |*| |*|
+	 * |*| |*| |*****| |*| |*|
+	 *  0   1   2 3 4   5   6  pattern offset
+	 */
+	for (i = 1; i < 10; i += 2) {
+		if (i == 5)
+			continue;
+
+		if (munmap(&ptr[i * page_size], page_size)) {
+			perror("munmap");
+			success = false;
+			goto out_unmap;
+		}
+	}
+
+	srand(pattern_seed);
+
+	/* Set up random patterns. */
+	for (i = 0; i <= 10; i += 2) {
+		int j;
+		size_t size = i == 4 ? 2 * page_size : page_size;
+		char *buf = &ptr[i * page_size];
+
+		for (j = 0; j < size; j++)
+			buf[j] = rand();
+	}
+
+	/* First, just move the whole thing. */
+	if (mremap(ptr, size, size,
+		   MREMAP_MAYMOVE | MREMAP_FIXED, tgt_ptr) == MAP_FAILED) {
+		perror("mremap");
+		success = false;
+		goto out_unmap;
+	}
+	/* Check move was ok. */
+	if (!is_multiple_vma_range_ok(pattern_seed, tgt_ptr, page_size)) {
+		success = false;
+		goto out_unmap;
+	}
+
+	/* Move next to itself. */
+	if (mremap(tgt_ptr, size, size,
+		   MREMAP_MAYMOVE | MREMAP_FIXED, &tgt_ptr[size]) == MAP_FAILED) {
+		perror("mremap");
+		goto out_unmap;
+	}
+	/* Check that the move is ok. */
+	if (!is_multiple_vma_range_ok(pattern_seed, &tgt_ptr[size], page_size)) {
+		success = false;
+		goto out_unmap;
+	}
+
+	/* Map a range to overwrite. */
+	if (mmap(tgt_ptr, size, PROT_NONE,
+		 MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANON | MAP_FIXED, -1, 0) == MAP_FAILED) {
+		perror("mmap tgt");
+		success = false;
+		goto out_unmap;
+	}
+	/* Move and overwrite. */
+	if (mremap(&tgt_ptr[size], size, size,
+		   MREMAP_MAYMOVE | MREMAP_FIXED, tgt_ptr) == MAP_FAILED) {
+		perror("mremap");
+		goto out_unmap;
+	}
+	/* Check that the move is ok. */
+	if (!is_multiple_vma_range_ok(pattern_seed, tgt_ptr, page_size)) {
+		success = false;
+		goto out_unmap;
+	}
+
+out_unmap:
+	if (munmap(tgt_ptr, 2 * size))
+		perror("munmap tgt");
+	if (munmap(ptr, size))
+		perror("munmap src");
+
+out:
+	if (success)
+		ksft_test_result_pass("%s\n", test_name);
+	else
+		ksft_test_result_fail("%s\n", test_name);
+}
+
 /* Returns the time taken for the remap on success else returns -1. */
 static long long remap_region(struct config c, unsigned int threshold_mb,
 			      char *rand_addr)
@@ -721,7 +864,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	char *rand_addr;
 	size_t rand_size;
 	int num_expand_tests = 2;
-	int num_misc_tests = 2;
+	int num_misc_tests = 3;
 	struct test test_cases[MAX_TEST] = {};
 	struct test perf_test_cases[MAX_PERF_TEST];
 	int page_size;
@@ -848,6 +991,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
 	mremap_move_within_range(pattern_seed, rand_addr);
 	mremap_move_1mb_from_start(pattern_seed, rand_addr);
+	mremap_move_multiple_vmas(pattern_seed, page_size);
 
 	if (run_perf_tests) {
 		ksft_print_msg("\n%s\n",
-- 
2.50.1

Re: [PATCH v4 06/10] mm/mremap: check remap conditions earlier

[Lorenzo Stoakes]

Hi Andrew,

It turns out there's some undocumented, unusual behaviour in mremap()
around shrinking of a range which was previously missed, but an LTP test
flagged up (seemingly by accident).

Basically, if you specify an input range that spans multiple VMAs, this is
in nearly all cases rejected (this is the point of this series, after all,
for VMA moves).

However, it turns out if you a. shrink a range and b. the new size spans
only a single VMA in the original range - then this requirement is entirely
dropped.

So I need to slightly adjust the logic to account for this. I will also be
documenting this in the man page as it appears the man page contradicts
this or is at least very unclear.

I attach a fix-patch, however there's some very trivial conflicts caused
due to code being moved around.

If you'd therefore prefer me to send a respin, I can do so.

This doesn't reflect on the series itself, which with the corner-case VMA
iterator stuff sorted is fine, but is rather just an undocumented and
unusual behaviour that it seems very few were aware of.

With all other tests passing this series should be fine with this fix
applied. I've run all self-tests and the LTP tests against this.

Cheers, Lorenzo

[0]: https://lore.kernel.org/all/202507201002.69144b74-lkp@intel.com/

----8<----
From 23b95070152b22f7432c4a9da9e4b5718f9d115f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com>
Date: Sun, 20 Jul 2025 11:41:48 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] mm/mremap: allow undocumented mremap() shrink behaviour

It turns out that, in apparent contradiction to the man page, and at odds
with every other mremap() operation - we are allowed to specify an input
addr, old_len range that spans any number of VMAs and any number of gaps,
as long as we shrink that range to the point at which the new range spans
only one.

In order to accommodate this, adjust the remap validity check to account
for this.

Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com>
Reported-by: kernel test robot <oliver.sang@intel.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-lkp/202507201002.69144b74-lkp@intel.com
---
 mm/mremap.c | 9 ++++++++-
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/mm/mremap.c b/mm/mremap.c
index 20844fb91755..11a8321a90b8 100644
--- a/mm/mremap.c
+++ b/mm/mremap.c
@@ -1339,11 +1339,18 @@ static int remap_is_valid(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm)
 			(vma->vm_flags & (VM_DONTEXPAND | VM_PFNMAP)))
 		return -EINVAL;

+	/*
+	 * We permit crossing of boundaries for the range being unmapped due to
+	 * a shrink.
+	 */
+	if (vrm->remap_type == MREMAP_SHRINK)
+		old_len = new_len;
+
 	/* We can't remap across vm area boundaries */
 	if (old_len > vma->vm_end - addr)
 		return -EFAULT;

-	if (new_len <= old_len)
+	if (new_len == old_len)
 		return 0;

 	/* Need to be careful about a growing mapping */
--
2.50.1

Re: [PATCH v4 06/10] mm/mremap: check remap conditions earlier

[Andrew Morton]

On Sun, 20 Jul 2025 12:04:42 +0100 Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> wrote:

> Hi Andrew,
> 
> It turns out there's some undocumented, unusual behaviour in mremap()
> around shrinking of a range which was previously missed, but an LTP test
> flagged up (seemingly by accident).
> 
> Basically, if you specify an input range that spans multiple VMAs, this is
> in nearly all cases rejected (this is the point of this series, after all,
> for VMA moves).
> 
> However, it turns out if you a. shrink a range and b. the new size spans
> only a single VMA in the original range - then this requirement is entirely
> dropped.
> 
> So I need to slightly adjust the logic to account for this. I will also be
> documenting this in the man page as it appears the man page contradicts
> this or is at least very unclear.
> 
> I attach a fix-patch, however there's some very trivial conflicts caused
> due to code being moved around.
> 

OK, I applied this as a -fix.

Moved the two new hunks into check_prep_vma().

Made sure the "We are expanding and the VMA .." hunk landed properly in
check_prep_vma().

I've pushed out the result, please check current mm-unstable.

Re: [PATCH v4 06/10] mm/mremap: check remap conditions earlier

[Lorenzo Stoakes]

On Sun, Jul 20, 2025 at 11:29:14AM -0700, Andrew Morton wrote:
> On Sun, 20 Jul 2025 12:04:42 +0100 Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> wrote:
>
> > Hi Andrew,
> >
> > It turns out there's some undocumented, unusual behaviour in mremap()
> > around shrinking of a range which was previously missed, but an LTP test
> > flagged up (seemingly by accident).
> >
> > Basically, if you specify an input range that spans multiple VMAs, this is
> > in nearly all cases rejected (this is the point of this series, after all,
> > for VMA moves).
> >
> > However, it turns out if you a. shrink a range and b. the new size spans
> > only a single VMA in the original range - then this requirement is entirely
> > dropped.
> >
> > So I need to slightly adjust the logic to account for this. I will also be
> > documenting this in the man page as it appears the man page contradicts
> > this or is at least very unclear.
> >
> > I attach a fix-patch, however there's some very trivial conflicts caused
> > due to code being moved around.
> >
>
> OK, I applied this as a -fix.
>
> Moved the two new hunks into check_prep_vma().
>
> Made sure the "We are expanding and the VMA .." hunk landed properly in
> check_prep_vma().
>
> I've pushed out the result, please check current mm-unstable.

Thanks, all looks good to me!