[PATCH v2 0/8] mm: use spinlock guards for zone lock

[PATCH v2 0/8] mm: use spinlock guards for zone lock

[Dmitry Ilvokhin]

This series uses spinlock guard for zone lock across several mm
functions to replace explicit lock/unlock patterns with automatic
scope-based cleanup.

This simplifies the control flow by removing 'flags' variables, goto
labels, and redundant unlock calls.

Patches are ordered by decreasing value. The first six patches simplify
the control flow by removing gotos, multiple unlock paths, or 'ret'
variables. The last two are simpler lock/unlock pair conversions that
only remove 'flags' and can be dropped if considered unnecessary churn.

Based on mm-stable.

Suggested-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>

v1 -> v2:

- Andrew Morton raised concerns about binary size increase in v1.
  Peter Zijlstra has since fixed the underlying issue in the guards
  infrastructure in tip [1]. Note: the fix is not yet in mm-stable, so
  it needs to be applied first to reproduce these results. With that
  fix, bloat-o-meter on x86 defconfig shows a net decrease of 49 bytes
  (-0.12%) for page_alloc.o.
- Rebased on mm-stable, since the patch this series depended on was
  dropped from mm-new.
- Converted guard(zone_lock_irqsave)(zone) to
  guard(spinlock_irqsave)(&zone->lock).
- Dropped redundant braces in unreserve_highatomic_pageblock()
  (Steven Rostedt)

v1: https://lore.kernel.org/all/cover.1772811429.git.d@ilvokhin.com/

[1]: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260309164516.GE606826@noisy.programming.kicks-ass.net/

Dmitry Ilvokhin (8):
  mm: use zone lock guard in reserve_highatomic_pageblock()
  mm: use zone lock guard in unset_migratetype_isolate()
  mm: use zone lock guard in unreserve_highatomic_pageblock()
  mm: use zone lock guard in set_migratetype_isolate()
  mm: use zone lock guard in take_page_off_buddy()
  mm: use zone lock guard in put_page_back_buddy()
  mm: use zone lock guard in free_pcppages_bulk()
  mm: use zone lock guard in __offline_isolated_pages()

 mm/page_alloc.c     | 53 ++++++++++++-----------------------
 mm/page_isolation.c | 67 +++++++++++++++++++--------------------------
 2 files changed, 45 insertions(+), 75 deletions(-)

-- 
2.52.0

[PATCH v2 1/8] mm: use zone lock guard in reserve_highatomic_pageblock()

[Dmitry Ilvokhin]

Use the spinlock_irqsave zone lock guard in
reserve_highatomic_pageblock() to replace the explicit lock/unlock and
goto out_unlock pattern with automatic scope-based cleanup.

Suggested-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Ilvokhin <d@ilvokhin.com>
---
 mm/page_alloc.c | 13 +++++--------
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index f11f38ba2e12..c7b9b82b5956 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -3403,7 +3403,7 @@ static void reserve_highatomic_pageblock(struct page *page, int order,
 					 struct zone *zone)
 {
 	int mt;
-	unsigned long max_managed, flags;
+	unsigned long max_managed;
 
 	/*
 	 * The number reserved as: minimum is 1 pageblock, maximum is
@@ -3417,29 +3417,26 @@ static void reserve_highatomic_pageblock(struct page *page, int order,
 	if (zone->nr_reserved_highatomic >= max_managed)
 		return;
 
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
+	guard(spinlock_irqsave)(&zone->lock);
 
 	/* Recheck the nr_reserved_highatomic limit under the lock */
 	if (zone->nr_reserved_highatomic >= max_managed)
-		goto out_unlock;
+		return;
 
 	/* Yoink! */
 	mt = get_pageblock_migratetype(page);
 	/* Only reserve normal pageblocks (i.e., they can merge with others) */
 	if (!migratetype_is_mergeable(mt))
-		goto out_unlock;
+		return;
 
 	if (order < pageblock_order) {
 		if (move_freepages_block(zone, page, mt, MIGRATE_HIGHATOMIC) == -1)
-			goto out_unlock;
+			return;
 		zone->nr_reserved_highatomic += pageblock_nr_pages;
 	} else {
 		change_pageblock_range(page, order, MIGRATE_HIGHATOMIC);
 		zone->nr_reserved_highatomic += 1 << order;
 	}
-
-out_unlock:
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.52.0

[PATCH v2 2/8] mm: use zone lock guard in unset_migratetype_isolate()

[Dmitry Ilvokhin]

Use spinlock_irqsave zone lock guard in unset_migratetype_isolate() to
replace the explicit lock/unlock and goto pattern with automatic
scope-based cleanup.

Suggested-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Ilvokhin <d@ilvokhin.com>
---
 mm/page_isolation.c | 7 ++-----
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mm/page_isolation.c b/mm/page_isolation.c
index c48ff5c00244..9d606052dd80 100644
--- a/mm/page_isolation.c
+++ b/mm/page_isolation.c
@@ -223,15 +223,14 @@ static int set_migratetype_isolate(struct page *page, enum pb_isolate_mode mode,
 static void unset_migratetype_isolate(struct page *page)
 {
 	struct zone *zone;
-	unsigned long flags;
 	bool isolated_page = false;
 	unsigned int order;
 	struct page *buddy;
 
 	zone = page_zone(page);
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
+	guard(spinlock_irqsave)(&zone->lock);
 	if (!is_migrate_isolate_page(page))
-		goto out;
+		return;
 
 	/*
 	 * Because freepage with more than pageblock_order on isolated
@@ -279,8 +278,6 @@ static void unset_migratetype_isolate(struct page *page)
 		__putback_isolated_page(page, order, get_pageblock_migratetype(page));
 	}
 	zone->nr_isolate_pageblock--;
-out:
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
 }
 
 static inline struct page *
-- 
2.52.0

[PATCH v2 3/8] mm: use zone lock guard in unreserve_highatomic_pageblock()

[Dmitry Ilvokhin]

Use spinlock_irqsave zone lock guard in unreserve_highatomic_pageblock()
to replace the explicit lock/unlock pattern with automatic scope-based
cleanup.

Suggested-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Ilvokhin <d@ilvokhin.com>
---
 mm/page_alloc.c | 8 ++------
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index c7b9b82b5956..f06d8b5ffc88 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -3452,7 +3452,6 @@ static bool unreserve_highatomic_pageblock(const struct alloc_context *ac,
 						bool force)
 {
 	struct zonelist *zonelist = ac->zonelist;
-	unsigned long flags;
 	struct zoneref *z;
 	struct zone *zone;
 	struct page *page;
@@ -3469,7 +3468,7 @@ static bool unreserve_highatomic_pageblock(const struct alloc_context *ac,
 					pageblock_nr_pages)
 			continue;
 
-		spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
+		guard(spinlock_irqsave)(&zone->lock);
 		for (order = 0; order < NR_PAGE_ORDERS; order++) {
 			struct free_area *area = &(zone->free_area[order]);
 			unsigned long size;
@@ -3516,12 +3515,9 @@ static bool unreserve_highatomic_pageblock(const struct alloc_context *ac,
 			 * so this should not fail on zone boundaries.
 			 */
 			WARN_ON_ONCE(ret == -1);
-			if (ret > 0) {
-				spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
+			if (ret > 0)
 				return ret;
-			}
 		}
-		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
 	}
 
 	return false;
-- 
2.52.0

[PATCH v2 4/8] mm: use zone lock guard in set_migratetype_isolate()

[Dmitry Ilvokhin]

Use spinlock_irqsave scoped lock guard in set_migratetype_isolate() to
replace the explicit lock/unlock pattern with automatic scope-based
cleanup. The scoped variant is used to keep dump_page() outside the
locked section to avoid a lockdep splat.

Suggested-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Ilvokhin <d@ilvokhin.com>
---
 mm/page_isolation.c | 60 ++++++++++++++++++++-------------------------
 1 file changed, 26 insertions(+), 34 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mm/page_isolation.c b/mm/page_isolation.c
index 9d606052dd80..7a9d631945a3 100644
--- a/mm/page_isolation.c
+++ b/mm/page_isolation.c
@@ -167,48 +167,40 @@ static int set_migratetype_isolate(struct page *page, enum pb_isolate_mode mode,
 {
 	struct zone *zone = page_zone(page);
 	struct page *unmovable;
-	unsigned long flags;
 	unsigned long check_unmovable_start, check_unmovable_end;
 
 	if (PageUnaccepted(page))
 		accept_page(page);
 
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
-
-	/*
-	 * We assume the caller intended to SET migrate type to isolate.
-	 * If it is already set, then someone else must have raced and
-	 * set it before us.
-	 */
-	if (is_migrate_isolate_page(page)) {
-		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
-		return -EBUSY;
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * FIXME: Now, memory hotplug doesn't call shrink_slab() by itself.
-	 * We just check MOVABLE pages.
-	 *
-	 * Pass the intersection of [start_pfn, end_pfn) and the page's pageblock
-	 * to avoid redundant checks.
-	 */
-	check_unmovable_start = max(page_to_pfn(page), start_pfn);
-	check_unmovable_end = min(pageblock_end_pfn(page_to_pfn(page)),
-				  end_pfn);
-
-	unmovable = has_unmovable_pages(check_unmovable_start, check_unmovable_end,
-			mode);
-	if (!unmovable) {
-		if (!pageblock_isolate_and_move_free_pages(zone, page)) {
-			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
+	scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &zone->lock) {
+		/*
+		 * We assume the caller intended to SET migrate type to
+		 * isolate. If it is already set, then someone else must have
+		 * raced and set it before us.
+		 */
+		if (is_migrate_isolate_page(page))
 			return -EBUSY;
+
+		/*
+		 * FIXME: Now, memory hotplug doesn't call shrink_slab() by
+		 * itself. We just check MOVABLE pages.
+		 *
+		 * Pass the intersection of [start_pfn, end_pfn) and the page's
+		 * pageblock to avoid redundant checks.
+		 */
+		check_unmovable_start = max(page_to_pfn(page), start_pfn);
+		check_unmovable_end = min(pageblock_end_pfn(page_to_pfn(page)),
+					  end_pfn);
+
+		unmovable = has_unmovable_pages(check_unmovable_start,
+				check_unmovable_end, mode);
+		if (!unmovable) {
+			if (!pageblock_isolate_and_move_free_pages(zone, page))
+				return -EBUSY;
+			zone->nr_isolate_pageblock++;
+			return 0;
 		}
-		zone->nr_isolate_pageblock++;
-		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
-		return 0;
 	}
-
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
 	if (mode == PB_ISOLATE_MODE_MEM_OFFLINE) {
 		/*
 		 * printk() with zone->lock held will likely trigger a
-- 
2.52.0

[PATCH v2 5/8] mm: use zone lock guard in take_page_off_buddy()

[Dmitry Ilvokhin]

Use spinlock_irqsave zone lock guard in take_page_off_buddy() to replace
the explicit lock/unlock pattern with automatic scope-based cleanup.

This also allows to return directly from the loop, removing the 'ret'
variable.

Suggested-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Ilvokhin <d@ilvokhin.com>
---
 mm/page_alloc.c | 10 +++-------
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index f06d8b5ffc88..a124e4eebda4 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -7488,11 +7488,9 @@ bool take_page_off_buddy(struct page *page)
 {
 	struct zone *zone = page_zone(page);
 	unsigned long pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
-	unsigned long flags;
 	unsigned int order;
-	bool ret = false;
 
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
+	guard(spinlock_irqsave)(&zone->lock);
 	for (order = 0; order < NR_PAGE_ORDERS; order++) {
 		struct page *page_head = page - (pfn & ((1 << order) - 1));
 		int page_order = buddy_order(page_head);
@@ -7507,14 +7505,12 @@ bool take_page_off_buddy(struct page *page)
 			break_down_buddy_pages(zone, page_head, page, 0,
 						page_order, migratetype);
 			SetPageHWPoisonTakenOff(page);
-			ret = true;
-			break;
+			return true;
 		}
 		if (page_count(page_head) > 0)
 			break;
 	}
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
-	return ret;
+	return false;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.52.0

[PATCH v2 6/8] mm: use zone lock guard in put_page_back_buddy()

[Dmitry Ilvokhin]

Use spinlock_irqsave zone lock guard in put_page_back_buddy() to replace
the explicit lock/unlock pattern with automatic scope-based cleanup.

Suggested-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Ilvokhin <d@ilvokhin.com>
---
 mm/page_alloc.c | 12 ++++--------
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index a124e4eebda4..dd13aa197456 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -7519,23 +7519,19 @@ bool take_page_off_buddy(struct page *page)
 bool put_page_back_buddy(struct page *page)
 {
 	struct zone *zone = page_zone(page);
-	unsigned long flags;
-	bool ret = false;
 
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
+	guard(spinlock_irqsave)(&zone->lock);
 	if (put_page_testzero(page)) {
 		unsigned long pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
 		int migratetype = get_pfnblock_migratetype(page, pfn);
 
 		ClearPageHWPoisonTakenOff(page);
 		__free_one_page(page, pfn, zone, 0, migratetype, FPI_NONE);
-		if (TestClearPageHWPoison(page)) {
-			ret = true;
-		}
+		if (TestClearPageHWPoison(page))
+			return true;
 	}
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
 
-	return ret;
+	return false;
 }
 #endif
 
-- 
2.52.0

[PATCH v2 7/8] mm: use zone lock guard in free_pcppages_bulk()

[Dmitry Ilvokhin]

Use spinlock_irqsave zone lock guard in free_pcppages_bulk() to replace
the explicit lock/unlock pattern with automatic scope-based cleanup.

Suggested-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Ilvokhin <d@ilvokhin.com>
---
 mm/page_alloc.c | 5 +----
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index dd13aa197456..b00707433898 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -1451,7 +1451,6 @@ static void free_pcppages_bulk(struct zone *zone, int count,
 					struct per_cpu_pages *pcp,
 					int pindex)
 {
-	unsigned long flags;
 	unsigned int order;
 	struct page *page;
 
@@ -1464,7 +1463,7 @@ static void free_pcppages_bulk(struct zone *zone, int count,
 	/* Ensure requested pindex is drained first. */
 	pindex = pindex - 1;
 
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
+	guard(spinlock_irqsave)(&zone->lock);
 
 	while (count > 0) {
 		struct list_head *list;
@@ -1496,8 +1495,6 @@ static void free_pcppages_bulk(struct zone *zone, int count,
 			trace_mm_page_pcpu_drain(page, order, mt);
 		} while (count > 0 && !list_empty(list));
 	}
-
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
 }
 
 /* Split a multi-block free page into its individual pageblocks. */
-- 
2.52.0

[PATCH v2 8/8] mm: use zone lock guard in __offline_isolated_pages()

[Dmitry Ilvokhin]

Use spinlock_irqsave zone lock guard in __offline_isolated_pages() to
replace the explicit lock/unlock pattern with automatic scope-based
cleanup.

Suggested-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Ilvokhin <d@ilvokhin.com>
---
 mm/page_alloc.c | 5 ++---
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index b00707433898..6a679995b9df 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -7375,7 +7375,7 @@ void zone_pcp_reset(struct zone *zone)
 unsigned long __offline_isolated_pages(unsigned long start_pfn,
 		unsigned long end_pfn)
 {
-	unsigned long already_offline = 0, flags;
+	unsigned long already_offline = 0;
 	unsigned long pfn = start_pfn;
 	struct page *page;
 	struct zone *zone;
@@ -7383,7 +7383,7 @@ unsigned long __offline_isolated_pages(unsigned long start_pfn,
 
 	offline_mem_sections(pfn, end_pfn);
 	zone = page_zone(pfn_to_page(pfn));
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
+	guard(spinlock_irqsave)(&zone->lock);
 	while (pfn < end_pfn) {
 		page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
 		/*
@@ -7413,7 +7413,6 @@ unsigned long __offline_isolated_pages(unsigned long start_pfn,
 		del_page_from_free_list(page, zone, order, MIGRATE_ISOLATE);
 		pfn += (1 << order);
 	}
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
 
 	return end_pfn - start_pfn - already_offline;
 }
-- 
2.52.0

Re: [PATCH v2 0/8] mm: use spinlock guards for zone lock

[Andrew Morton]

On Fri, 27 Mar 2026 16:14:40 +0000 Dmitry Ilvokhin <d@ilvokhin.com> wrote:

> This series uses spinlock guard for zone lock across several mm
> functions to replace explicit lock/unlock patterns with automatic
> scope-based cleanup.
> 
> This simplifies the control flow by removing 'flags' variables, goto
> labels, and redundant unlock calls.
> 
> Patches are ordered by decreasing value. The first six patches simplify
> the control flow by removing gotos, multiple unlock paths, or 'ret'
> variables. The last two are simpler lock/unlock pair conversions that
> only remove 'flags' and can be dropped if considered unnecessary churn.

Thanks, you've been busy.

I'm not wanting to move new, non-fix, non-speedup things into mm.git
until after -rc1 so there's your target.  But now is a good time to be
sending out material for people to look at.  Let's not have a gigantic
flood of new stuff the day after -rc1!

I think progress here is totally dependent on whether those who
regularly work on this code want guard() in there.  A
preference/familiarity/style choice, mainly.  At present the adoption
of guard() in mm/*.c is very small.