* [PATCH v3 3/4] kernel.h: move VERIFY_OCTAL_PERMISSIONS() to sysfs.h
From: Yury Norov (NVIDIA) @ 2025-12-05 17:52 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Steven Rostedt, Masami Hiramatsu, Mathieu Desnoyers,
Andy Shevchenko, Christophe Leroy, Randy Dunlap, Ingo Molnar,
Jani Nikula, Joonas Lahtinen, David Laight, Petr Pavlu,
Andi Shyti, Rodrigo Vivi, Tvrtko Ursulin, Daniel Gomez,
Greg Kroah-Hartman, Rafael J. Wysocki, Danilo Krummrich,
Andrew Morton, linux-kernel, intel-gfx, dri-devel, linux-modules,
linux-trace-kernel
Cc: Yury Norov (NVIDIA)
In-Reply-To: <20251205175237.242022-1-yury.norov@gmail.com>
The macro is related to sysfs, but is defined in kernel.h. Move it to
the proper header, and unload the generic kernel.h.
Now that the macro is removed from kernel.h, linux/moduleparam.h is
decoupled, and kernel.h inclusion can be removed.
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Tested-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Petr Pavlu <petr.pavlu@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Yury Norov (NVIDIA) <yury.norov@gmail.com>
---
Documentation/filesystems/sysfs.rst | 2 +-
include/linux/kernel.h | 12 ------------
include/linux/moduleparam.h | 2 +-
include/linux/sysfs.h | 13 +++++++++++++
4 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)
diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/sysfs.rst b/Documentation/filesystems/sysfs.rst
index 2703c04af7d0..ffcef4d6bc8d 100644
--- a/Documentation/filesystems/sysfs.rst
+++ b/Documentation/filesystems/sysfs.rst
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ is equivalent to doing::
.store = store_foo,
};
-Note as stated in include/linux/kernel.h "OTHER_WRITABLE? Generally
+Note as stated in include/linux/sysfs.h "OTHER_WRITABLE? Generally
considered a bad idea." so trying to set a sysfs file writable for
everyone will fail reverting to RO mode for "Others".
diff --git a/include/linux/kernel.h b/include/linux/kernel.h
index 61d63c57bc2d..5b879bfea948 100644
--- a/include/linux/kernel.h
+++ b/include/linux/kernel.h
@@ -389,16 +389,4 @@ static inline void ftrace_dump(enum ftrace_dump_mode oops_dump_mode) { }
# define REBUILD_DUE_TO_DYNAMIC_FTRACE
#endif
-/* Permissions on a sysfs file: you didn't miss the 0 prefix did you? */
-#define VERIFY_OCTAL_PERMISSIONS(perms) \
- (BUILD_BUG_ON_ZERO((perms) < 0) + \
- BUILD_BUG_ON_ZERO((perms) > 0777) + \
- /* USER_READABLE >= GROUP_READABLE >= OTHER_READABLE */ \
- BUILD_BUG_ON_ZERO((((perms) >> 6) & 4) < (((perms) >> 3) & 4)) + \
- BUILD_BUG_ON_ZERO((((perms) >> 3) & 4) < ((perms) & 4)) + \
- /* USER_WRITABLE >= GROUP_WRITABLE */ \
- BUILD_BUG_ON_ZERO((((perms) >> 6) & 2) < (((perms) >> 3) & 2)) + \
- /* OTHER_WRITABLE? Generally considered a bad idea. */ \
- BUILD_BUG_ON_ZERO((perms) & 2) + \
- (perms))
#endif
diff --git a/include/linux/moduleparam.h b/include/linux/moduleparam.h
index ca7c8107c7c8..dd2d990b2611 100644
--- a/include/linux/moduleparam.h
+++ b/include/linux/moduleparam.h
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
#include <linux/compiler.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/stringify.h>
-#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/sysfs.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
/*
diff --git a/include/linux/sysfs.h b/include/linux/sysfs.h
index 9a25a2911652..15ee3ef33991 100644
--- a/include/linux/sysfs.h
+++ b/include/linux/sysfs.h
@@ -798,4 +798,17 @@ static inline void sysfs_put(struct kernfs_node *kn)
kernfs_put(kn);
}
+/* Permissions on a sysfs file: you didn't miss the 0 prefix did you? */
+#define VERIFY_OCTAL_PERMISSIONS(perms) \
+ (BUILD_BUG_ON_ZERO((perms) < 0) + \
+ BUILD_BUG_ON_ZERO((perms) > 0777) + \
+ /* USER_READABLE >= GROUP_READABLE >= OTHER_READABLE */ \
+ BUILD_BUG_ON_ZERO((((perms) >> 6) & 4) < (((perms) >> 3) & 4)) + \
+ BUILD_BUG_ON_ZERO((((perms) >> 3) & 4) < ((perms) & 4)) + \
+ /* USER_WRITABLE >= GROUP_WRITABLE */ \
+ BUILD_BUG_ON_ZERO((((perms) >> 6) & 2) < (((perms) >> 3) & 2)) + \
+ /* OTHER_WRITABLE? Generally considered a bad idea. */ \
+ BUILD_BUG_ON_ZERO((perms) & 2) + \
+ (perms))
+
#endif /* _SYSFS_H_ */
--
2.43.0
^ permalink raw reply related
* [PATCH v3 4/4] tracing: move tracing declarations from kernel.h to a dedicated header
From: Yury Norov (NVIDIA) @ 2025-12-05 17:52 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Steven Rostedt, Masami Hiramatsu, Mathieu Desnoyers,
Andy Shevchenko, Christophe Leroy, Randy Dunlap, Ingo Molnar,
Jani Nikula, Joonas Lahtinen, David Laight, Petr Pavlu,
Andi Shyti, Rodrigo Vivi, Tvrtko Ursulin, Daniel Gomez,
Greg Kroah-Hartman, Rafael J. Wysocki, Danilo Krummrich,
Andrew Morton, linux-kernel, intel-gfx, dri-devel, linux-modules,
linux-trace-kernel
Cc: Yury Norov (NVIDIA)
In-Reply-To: <20251205175237.242022-1-yury.norov@gmail.com>
Tracing is a half of the kernel.h in terms of LOCs, although it's
a self-consistent part. It is intended for quick debugging purposes
and isn't used by the normal tracing utilities.
Move it to a separate header. If someone needs to just throw a
trace_printk() in their driver, they will not have to pull all
the heavy tracing machinery.
This is a pure move, except for removing a few 'extern's.
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Yury Norov (NVIDIA) <yury.norov@gmail.com>
---
include/linux/kernel.h | 196 +--------------------------------
include/linux/trace_printk.h | 205 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
2 files changed, 206 insertions(+), 195 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 include/linux/trace_printk.h
diff --git a/include/linux/kernel.h b/include/linux/kernel.h
index 5b879bfea948..a377335e01da 100644
--- a/include/linux/kernel.h
+++ b/include/linux/kernel.h
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
#include <linux/build_bug.h>
#include <linux/sprintf.h>
#include <linux/static_call_types.h>
-#include <linux/instruction_pointer.h>
+#include <linux/trace_printk.h>
#include <linux/util_macros.h>
#include <linux/wordpart.h>
@@ -190,200 +190,6 @@ enum system_states {
};
extern enum system_states system_state;
-/*
- * General tracing related utility functions - trace_printk(),
- * tracing_on/tracing_off and tracing_start()/tracing_stop
- *
- * Use tracing_on/tracing_off when you want to quickly turn on or off
- * tracing. It simply enables or disables the recording of the trace events.
- * This also corresponds to the user space /sys/kernel/tracing/tracing_on
- * file, which gives a means for the kernel and userspace to interact.
- * Place a tracing_off() in the kernel where you want tracing to end.
- * From user space, examine the trace, and then echo 1 > tracing_on
- * to continue tracing.
- *
- * tracing_stop/tracing_start has slightly more overhead. It is used
- * by things like suspend to ram where disabling the recording of the
- * trace is not enough, but tracing must actually stop because things
- * like calling smp_processor_id() may crash the system.
- *
- * Most likely, you want to use tracing_on/tracing_off.
- */
-
-enum ftrace_dump_mode {
- DUMP_NONE,
- DUMP_ALL,
- DUMP_ORIG,
- DUMP_PARAM,
-};
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_TRACING
-void tracing_on(void);
-void tracing_off(void);
-int tracing_is_on(void);
-void tracing_snapshot(void);
-void tracing_snapshot_alloc(void);
-
-extern void tracing_start(void);
-extern void tracing_stop(void);
-
-static inline __printf(1, 2)
-void ____trace_printk_check_format(const char *fmt, ...)
-{
-}
-#define __trace_printk_check_format(fmt, args...) \
-do { \
- if (0) \
- ____trace_printk_check_format(fmt, ##args); \
-} while (0)
-
-/**
- * trace_printk - printf formatting in the ftrace buffer
- * @fmt: the printf format for printing
- *
- * Note: __trace_printk is an internal function for trace_printk() and
- * the @ip is passed in via the trace_printk() macro.
- *
- * This function allows a kernel developer to debug fast path sections
- * that printk is not appropriate for. By scattering in various
- * printk like tracing in the code, a developer can quickly see
- * where problems are occurring.
- *
- * This is intended as a debugging tool for the developer only.
- * Please refrain from leaving trace_printks scattered around in
- * your code. (Extra memory is used for special buffers that are
- * allocated when trace_printk() is used.)
- *
- * A little optimization trick is done here. If there's only one
- * argument, there's no need to scan the string for printf formats.
- * The trace_puts() will suffice. But how can we take advantage of
- * using trace_puts() when trace_printk() has only one argument?
- * By stringifying the args and checking the size we can tell
- * whether or not there are args. __stringify((__VA_ARGS__)) will
- * turn into "()\0" with a size of 3 when there are no args, anything
- * else will be bigger. All we need to do is define a string to this,
- * and then take its size and compare to 3. If it's bigger, use
- * do_trace_printk() otherwise, optimize it to trace_puts(). Then just
- * let gcc optimize the rest.
- */
-
-#define trace_printk(fmt, ...) \
-do { \
- char _______STR[] = __stringify((__VA_ARGS__)); \
- if (sizeof(_______STR) > 3) \
- do_trace_printk(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
- else \
- trace_puts(fmt); \
-} while (0)
-
-#define do_trace_printk(fmt, args...) \
-do { \
- static const char *trace_printk_fmt __used \
- __section("__trace_printk_fmt") = \
- __builtin_constant_p(fmt) ? fmt : NULL; \
- \
- __trace_printk_check_format(fmt, ##args); \
- \
- if (__builtin_constant_p(fmt)) \
- __trace_bprintk(_THIS_IP_, trace_printk_fmt, ##args); \
- else \
- __trace_printk(_THIS_IP_, fmt, ##args); \
-} while (0)
-
-extern __printf(2, 3)
-int __trace_bprintk(unsigned long ip, const char *fmt, ...);
-
-extern __printf(2, 3)
-int __trace_printk(unsigned long ip, const char *fmt, ...);
-
-/**
- * trace_puts - write a string into the ftrace buffer
- * @str: the string to record
- *
- * Note: __trace_bputs is an internal function for trace_puts and
- * the @ip is passed in via the trace_puts macro.
- *
- * This is similar to trace_printk() but is made for those really fast
- * paths that a developer wants the least amount of "Heisenbug" effects,
- * where the processing of the print format is still too much.
- *
- * This function allows a kernel developer to debug fast path sections
- * that printk is not appropriate for. By scattering in various
- * printk like tracing in the code, a developer can quickly see
- * where problems are occurring.
- *
- * This is intended as a debugging tool for the developer only.
- * Please refrain from leaving trace_puts scattered around in
- * your code. (Extra memory is used for special buffers that are
- * allocated when trace_puts() is used.)
- *
- * Returns: 0 if nothing was written, positive # if string was.
- * (1 when __trace_bputs is used, strlen(str) when __trace_puts is used)
- */
-
-#define trace_puts(str) ({ \
- static const char *trace_printk_fmt __used \
- __section("__trace_printk_fmt") = \
- __builtin_constant_p(str) ? str : NULL; \
- \
- if (__builtin_constant_p(str)) \
- __trace_bputs(_THIS_IP_, trace_printk_fmt); \
- else \
- __trace_puts(_THIS_IP_, str, strlen(str)); \
-})
-extern int __trace_bputs(unsigned long ip, const char *str);
-extern int __trace_puts(unsigned long ip, const char *str, int size);
-
-extern void trace_dump_stack(int skip);
-
-/*
- * The double __builtin_constant_p is because gcc will give us an error
- * if we try to allocate the static variable to fmt if it is not a
- * constant. Even with the outer if statement.
- */
-#define ftrace_vprintk(fmt, vargs) \
-do { \
- if (__builtin_constant_p(fmt)) { \
- static const char *trace_printk_fmt __used \
- __section("__trace_printk_fmt") = \
- __builtin_constant_p(fmt) ? fmt : NULL; \
- \
- __ftrace_vbprintk(_THIS_IP_, trace_printk_fmt, vargs); \
- } else \
- __ftrace_vprintk(_THIS_IP_, fmt, vargs); \
-} while (0)
-
-extern __printf(2, 0) int
-__ftrace_vbprintk(unsigned long ip, const char *fmt, va_list ap);
-
-extern __printf(2, 0) int
-__ftrace_vprintk(unsigned long ip, const char *fmt, va_list ap);
-
-extern void ftrace_dump(enum ftrace_dump_mode oops_dump_mode);
-#else
-static inline void tracing_start(void) { }
-static inline void tracing_stop(void) { }
-static inline void trace_dump_stack(int skip) { }
-
-static inline void tracing_on(void) { }
-static inline void tracing_off(void) { }
-static inline int tracing_is_on(void) { return 0; }
-static inline void tracing_snapshot(void) { }
-static inline void tracing_snapshot_alloc(void) { }
-
-static inline __printf(1, 2)
-int trace_printk(const char *fmt, ...)
-{
- return 0;
-}
-static __printf(1, 0) inline int
-ftrace_vprintk(const char *fmt, va_list ap)
-{
- return 0;
-}
-static inline void ftrace_dump(enum ftrace_dump_mode oops_dump_mode) { }
-#endif /* CONFIG_TRACING */
-
/* Rebuild everything on CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE */
#ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE
# define REBUILD_DUE_TO_DYNAMIC_FTRACE
diff --git a/include/linux/trace_printk.h b/include/linux/trace_printk.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5c9785c49c8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/linux/trace_printk.h
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+#ifndef _LINUX_TRACE_PRINTK_H
+#define _LINUX_TRACE_PRINTK_H
+
+#include <linux/compiler_attributes.h>
+#include <linux/instruction_pointer.h>
+#include <linux/stddef.h>
+#include <linux/stringify.h>
+#include <linux/string.h>
+
+/*
+ * General tracing related utility functions - trace_printk(),
+ * tracing_on/tracing_off and tracing_start()/tracing_stop
+ *
+ * Use tracing_on/tracing_off when you want to quickly turn on or off
+ * tracing. It simply enables or disables the recording of the trace events.
+ * This also corresponds to the user space /sys/kernel/tracing/tracing_on
+ * file, which gives a means for the kernel and userspace to interact.
+ * Place a tracing_off() in the kernel where you want tracing to end.
+ * From user space, examine the trace, and then echo 1 > tracing_on
+ * to continue tracing.
+ *
+ * tracing_stop/tracing_start has slightly more overhead. It is used
+ * by things like suspend to ram where disabling the recording of the
+ * trace is not enough, but tracing must actually stop because things
+ * like calling smp_processor_id() may crash the system.
+ *
+ * Most likely, you want to use tracing_on/tracing_off.
+ */
+
+enum ftrace_dump_mode {
+ DUMP_NONE,
+ DUMP_ALL,
+ DUMP_ORIG,
+ DUMP_PARAM,
+};
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_TRACING
+void tracing_on(void);
+void tracing_off(void);
+int tracing_is_on(void);
+void tracing_snapshot(void);
+void tracing_snapshot_alloc(void);
+
+void tracing_start(void);
+void tracing_stop(void);
+
+static inline __printf(1, 2)
+void ____trace_printk_check_format(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+}
+#define __trace_printk_check_format(fmt, args...) \
+do { \
+ if (0) \
+ ____trace_printk_check_format(fmt, ##args); \
+} while (0)
+
+/**
+ * trace_printk - printf formatting in the ftrace buffer
+ * @fmt: the printf format for printing
+ *
+ * Note: __trace_printk is an internal function for trace_printk() and
+ * the @ip is passed in via the trace_printk() macro.
+ *
+ * This function allows a kernel developer to debug fast path sections
+ * that printk is not appropriate for. By scattering in various
+ * printk like tracing in the code, a developer can quickly see
+ * where problems are occurring.
+ *
+ * This is intended as a debugging tool for the developer only.
+ * Please refrain from leaving trace_printks scattered around in
+ * your code. (Extra memory is used for special buffers that are
+ * allocated when trace_printk() is used.)
+ *
+ * A little optimization trick is done here. If there's only one
+ * argument, there's no need to scan the string for printf formats.
+ * The trace_puts() will suffice. But how can we take advantage of
+ * using trace_puts() when trace_printk() has only one argument?
+ * By stringifying the args and checking the size we can tell
+ * whether or not there are args. __stringify((__VA_ARGS__)) will
+ * turn into "()\0" with a size of 3 when there are no args, anything
+ * else will be bigger. All we need to do is define a string to this,
+ * and then take its size and compare to 3. If it's bigger, use
+ * do_trace_printk() otherwise, optimize it to trace_puts(). Then just
+ * let gcc optimize the rest.
+ */
+
+#define trace_printk(fmt, ...) \
+do { \
+ char _______STR[] = __stringify((__VA_ARGS__)); \
+ if (sizeof(_______STR) > 3) \
+ do_trace_printk(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
+ else \
+ trace_puts(fmt); \
+} while (0)
+
+#define do_trace_printk(fmt, args...) \
+do { \
+ static const char *trace_printk_fmt __used \
+ __section("__trace_printk_fmt") = \
+ __builtin_constant_p(fmt) ? fmt : NULL; \
+ \
+ __trace_printk_check_format(fmt, ##args); \
+ \
+ if (__builtin_constant_p(fmt)) \
+ __trace_bprintk(_THIS_IP_, trace_printk_fmt, ##args); \
+ else \
+ __trace_printk(_THIS_IP_, fmt, ##args); \
+} while (0)
+
+__printf(2, 3)
+int __trace_bprintk(unsigned long ip, const char *fmt, ...);
+
+__printf(2, 3)
+int __trace_printk(unsigned long ip, const char *fmt, ...);
+
+/**
+ * trace_puts - write a string into the ftrace buffer
+ * @str: the string to record
+ *
+ * Note: __trace_bputs is an internal function for trace_puts and
+ * the @ip is passed in via the trace_puts macro.
+ *
+ * This is similar to trace_printk() but is made for those really fast
+ * paths that a developer wants the least amount of "Heisenbug" effects,
+ * where the processing of the print format is still too much.
+ *
+ * This function allows a kernel developer to debug fast path sections
+ * that printk is not appropriate for. By scattering in various
+ * printk like tracing in the code, a developer can quickly see
+ * where problems are occurring.
+ *
+ * This is intended as a debugging tool for the developer only.
+ * Please refrain from leaving trace_puts scattered around in
+ * your code. (Extra memory is used for special buffers that are
+ * allocated when trace_puts() is used.)
+ *
+ * Returns: 0 if nothing was written, positive # if string was.
+ * (1 when __trace_bputs is used, strlen(str) when __trace_puts is used)
+ */
+
+#define trace_puts(str) ({ \
+ static const char *trace_printk_fmt __used \
+ __section("__trace_printk_fmt") = \
+ __builtin_constant_p(str) ? str : NULL; \
+ \
+ if (__builtin_constant_p(str)) \
+ __trace_bputs(_THIS_IP_, trace_printk_fmt); \
+ else \
+ __trace_puts(_THIS_IP_, str, strlen(str)); \
+})
+int __trace_bputs(unsigned long ip, const char *str);
+int __trace_puts(unsigned long ip, const char *str, int size);
+
+void trace_dump_stack(int skip);
+
+/*
+ * The double __builtin_constant_p is because gcc will give us an error
+ * if we try to allocate the static variable to fmt if it is not a
+ * constant. Even with the outer if statement.
+ */
+#define ftrace_vprintk(fmt, vargs) \
+do { \
+ if (__builtin_constant_p(fmt)) { \
+ static const char *trace_printk_fmt __used \
+ __section("__trace_printk_fmt") = \
+ __builtin_constant_p(fmt) ? fmt : NULL; \
+ \
+ __ftrace_vbprintk(_THIS_IP_, trace_printk_fmt, vargs); \
+ } else \
+ __ftrace_vprintk(_THIS_IP_, fmt, vargs); \
+} while (0)
+
+__printf(2, 0) int
+__ftrace_vbprintk(unsigned long ip, const char *fmt, va_list ap);
+
+__printf(2, 0) int
+__ftrace_vprintk(unsigned long ip, const char *fmt, va_list ap);
+
+void ftrace_dump(enum ftrace_dump_mode oops_dump_mode);
+#else
+static inline void tracing_start(void) { }
+static inline void tracing_stop(void) { }
+static inline void trace_dump_stack(int skip) { }
+
+static inline void tracing_on(void) { }
+static inline void tracing_off(void) { }
+static inline int tracing_is_on(void) { return 0; }
+static inline void tracing_snapshot(void) { }
+static inline void tracing_snapshot_alloc(void) { }
+
+static inline __printf(1, 2)
+int trace_printk(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+ return 0;
+}
+static __printf(1, 0) inline int
+ftrace_vprintk(const char *fmt, va_list ap)
+{
+ return 0;
+}
+static inline void ftrace_dump(enum ftrace_dump_mode oops_dump_mode) { }
+#endif /* CONFIG_TRACING */
+
+#endif
--
2.43.0
^ permalink raw reply related
* Re: [PATCH v3 4/4] tracing: move tracing declarations from kernel.h to a dedicated header
From: Andy Shevchenko @ 2025-12-05 20:55 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Yury Norov (NVIDIA)
Cc: Steven Rostedt, Masami Hiramatsu, Mathieu Desnoyers,
Christophe Leroy, Randy Dunlap, Ingo Molnar, Jani Nikula,
Joonas Lahtinen, David Laight, Petr Pavlu, Andi Shyti,
Rodrigo Vivi, Tvrtko Ursulin, Daniel Gomez, Greg Kroah-Hartman,
Rafael J. Wysocki, Danilo Krummrich, Andrew Morton, linux-kernel,
intel-gfx, dri-devel, linux-modules, linux-trace-kernel
In-Reply-To: <20251205175237.242022-5-yury.norov@gmail.com>
On Fri, Dec 05, 2025 at 12:52:35PM -0500, Yury Norov (NVIDIA) wrote:
> Tracing is a half of the kernel.h in terms of LOCs, although it's
> a self-consistent part. It is intended for quick debugging purposes
> and isn't used by the normal tracing utilities.
>
> Move it to a separate header. If someone needs to just throw a
> trace_printk() in their driver, they will not have to pull all
> the heavy tracing machinery.
>
> This is a pure move, except for removing a few 'extern's.
Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
--
With Best Regards,
Andy Shevchenko
^ permalink raw reply
* Re: [PATCH v18 25/42] dept: add documents for dept
From: Bagas Sanjaya @ 2025-12-06 0:25 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Byungchul Park, linux-kernel
Cc: kernel_team, torvalds, damien.lemoal, linux-ide, adilger.kernel,
linux-ext4, mingo, peterz, will, tglx, rostedt, joel, sashal,
daniel.vetter, duyuyang, johannes.berg, tj, tytso, willy, david,
amir73il, gregkh, kernel-team, linux-mm, akpm, mhocko, minchan,
hannes, vdavydov.dev, sj, jglisse, dennis, cl, penberg, rientjes,
vbabka, ngupta, linux-block, josef, linux-fsdevel, jack, jlayton,
dan.j.williams, hch, djwong, dri-devel, rodrigosiqueiramelo,
melissa.srw, hamohammed.sa, harry.yoo, chris.p.wilson,
gwan-gyeong.mun, max.byungchul.park, boqun.feng, longman,
yunseong.kim, ysk, yeoreum.yun, netdev, matthew.brost, her0gyugyu,
corbet, catalin.marinas, bp, x86, hpa, luto, sumit.semwal,
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Liam.Howlett, rppt, surenb, mcgrof, petr.pavlu, da.gomez,
samitolvanen, paulmck, frederic, neeraj.upadhyay, joelagnelf,
josh, urezki, mathieu.desnoyers, jiangshanlai, qiang.zhang,
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vschneid, chuck.lever, neil, okorniev, Dai.Ngo, tom, trondmy,
anna, kees, bigeasy, clrkwllms, mark.rutland, ada.coupriediaz,
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joel.granados, richard.weiyang, geert+renesas, tim.c.chen, linux,
alexander.shishkin, lillian, chenhuacai, francesco,
guoweikang.kernel, link, jpoimboe, masahiroy, brauner,
thomas.weissschuh, oleg, mjguzik, andrii, wangfushuai, linux-doc,
linux-arm-kernel, linux-media, linaro-mm-sig, linux-i2c,
linux-arch, linux-modules, rcu, linux-nfs, linux-rt-devel,
2407018371, dakr, miguel.ojeda.sandonis, neilb, wsa+renesas,
dave.hansen, geert, ojeda, alex.gaynor, gary, bjorn3_gh, lossin,
a.hindborg, aliceryhl, tmgross, rust-for-linux
In-Reply-To: <20251205071855.72743-26-byungchul@sk.com>
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On Fri, Dec 05, 2025 at 04:18:38PM +0900, Byungchul Park wrote:
> Add documents describing the concept and APIs of dept.
>
> Signed-off-by: Byungchul Park <byungchul@sk.com>
> ---
> Documentation/dev-tools/dept.rst | 778 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> Documentation/dev-tools/dept_api.rst | 125 +++++
You forget to add toctree entries:
---- >8 ----
diff --git a/Documentation/dev-tools/index.rst b/Documentation/dev-tools/index.rst
index 4b8425e348abd1..02c858f5ed1fa2 100644
--- a/Documentation/dev-tools/index.rst
+++ b/Documentation/dev-tools/index.rst
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ Documentation/process/debugging/index.rst
clang-format
coccinelle
sparse
+ dept
+ dept_api
kcov
gcov
kasan
> +Lockdep detects a deadlock by checking lock acquisition order. For
> +example, a graph to track acquisition order built by lockdep might look
> +like:
> +
> +.. literal::
> +
> + A -> B -
> + \
> + -> E
> + /
> + C -> D -
> +
> + where 'A -> B' means that acquisition A is prior to acquisition B
> + with A still held.
Use code-block directive for literal code blocks:
---- >8 ----
diff --git a/Documentation/dev-tools/dept.rst b/Documentation/dev-tools/dept.rst
index 333166464543d7..8394c4ea81bc2a 100644
--- a/Documentation/dev-tools/dept.rst
+++ b/Documentation/dev-tools/dept.rst
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Lockdep detects a deadlock by checking lock acquisition order. For
example, a graph to track acquisition order built by lockdep might look
like:
-.. literal::
+.. code-block::
A -> B -
\
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Lockdep keeps adding each new acquisition order into the graph at
runtime. For example, 'E -> C' will be added when the two locks have
been acquired in the order, E and then C. The graph will look like:
-.. literal::
+.. code-block::
A -> B -
\
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ been acquired in the order, E and then C. The graph will look like:
This graph contains a subgraph that demonstrates a loop like:
-.. literal::
+.. code-block::
-> E -
/ \
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ e.g. irq context, normal process context, wq worker context, or so on.
Can lockdep detect the following deadlock?
-.. literal::
+.. code-block::
context X context Y context Z
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ Can lockdep detect the following deadlock?
No. What about the following?
-.. literal::
+.. code-block::
context X context Y
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ What leads a deadlock
A deadlock occurs when one or multi contexts are waiting for events that
will never happen. For example:
-.. literal::
+.. code-block::
context X context Y context Z
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ In terms of dependency:
Dependency graph reflecting this example will look like:
-.. literal::
+.. code-block::
-> C -> A -> B -
/ \
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ Introduce DEPT
DEPT(DEPendency Tracker) tracks wait and event instead of lock
acquisition order so as to recognize the following situation:
-.. literal::
+.. code-block::
context X context Y context Z
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ acquisition order so as to recognize the following situation:
and builds up a dependency graph at runtime that is similar to lockdep.
The graph might look like:
-.. literal::
+.. code-block::
-> C -> A -> B -
/ \
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ DEPT keeps adding each new dependency into the graph at runtime. For
example, 'B -> D' will be added when event D occurrence is a
prerequisite to reaching event B like:
-.. literal::
+.. code-block::
context W
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ prerequisite to reaching event B like:
After the addition, the graph will look like:
-.. literal::
+.. code-block::
-> D
/
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ How DEPT works
Let's take a look how DEPT works with the 1st example in the section
'Limitation of lockdep'.
-.. literal::
+.. code-block::
context X context Y context Z
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ event.
Adding comments to describe DEPT's view in detail:
-.. literal::
+.. code-block::
context X context Y context Z
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ Adding comments to describe DEPT's view in detail:
Let's build up dependency graph with this example. Firstly, context X:
-.. literal::
+.. code-block::
context X
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ Let's build up dependency graph with this example. Firstly, context X:
There are no events to create dependency. Next, context Y:
-.. literal::
+.. code-block::
context Y
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ event A cannot be triggered if wait B cannot be awakened by event B.
Therefore, we can say event A depends on event B, say, 'A -> B'. The
graph will look like after adding the dependency:
-.. literal::
+.. code-block::
A -> B
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ graph will look like after adding the dependency:
Lastly, context Z:
-.. literal::
+.. code-block::
context Z
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ triggered if wait A cannot be awakened by event A. Therefore, we can
say event B depends on event A, say, 'B -> A'. The graph will look like
after adding the dependency:
-.. literal::
+.. code-block::
-> A -> B -
/ \
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ Interpret DEPT report
The following is the same example in the section 'How DEPT works'.
-.. literal::
+.. code-block::
context X context Y context Z
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ We can simplify this by labeling each waiting point with [W], each
point where its event's context starts with [S] and each event with [E].
This example will look like after the labeling:
-.. literal::
+.. code-block::
context X context Y context Z
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ DEPT uses the symbols [W], [S] and [E] in its report as described above.
The following is an example reported by DEPT for a real problem in
practice.
-.. literal::
+.. code-block::
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/6383cde5-cf4b-facf-6e07-1378a485657d@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp/#t
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/1674268856-31807-1-git-send-email-byungchul.park@lge.com/
@@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ practice.
Let's take a look at the summary that is the most important part.
-.. literal::
+.. code-block::
---------------------------------------------------
summary
@@ -669,7 +669,7 @@ Let's take a look at the summary that is the most important part.
The summary shows the following scenario:
-.. literal::
+.. code-block::
context A context B context ?(unknown)
@@ -684,7 +684,7 @@ The summary shows the following scenario:
Adding comments to describe DEPT's view in detail:
-.. literal::
+.. code-block::
context A context B context ?(unknown)
@@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ Adding comments to describe DEPT's view in detail:
Let's build up dependency graph with this report. Firstly, context A:
-.. literal::
+.. code-block::
context A
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ unlock(&ni->ni_lock:0) depends on folio_unlock(&f1), say,
The graph will look like after adding the dependency:
-.. literal::
+.. code-block::
unlock(&ni->ni_lock:0) -> folio_unlock(&f1)
@@ -743,7 +743,7 @@ The graph will look like after adding the dependency:
Secondly, context B:
-.. literal::
+.. code-block::
context B
@@ -762,7 +762,7 @@ folio_unlock(&f1) depends on unlock(&ni->ni_lock:0), say,
The graph will look like after adding the dependency:
-.. literal::
+.. code-block::
-> unlock(&ni->ni_lock:0) -> folio_unlock(&f1) -
/ \
> +Limitation of lockdep
> +---------------------
> +
> +Lockdep deals with a deadlock by typical lock e.g. spinlock and mutex,
> +that are supposed to be released within the acquisition context.
> +However, when it comes to a deadlock by folio lock that is not supposed
> +to be released within the acquisition context or other general
> +synchronization mechanisms, lockdep doesn't work.
> +
> +NOTE: In this document, 'context' refers to any type of unique context
> +e.g. irq context, normal process context, wq worker context, or so on.
> +
> +Can lockdep detect the following deadlock?
> +
> +.. literal::
> +
> + context X context Y context Z
> +
> + mutex_lock A
> + folio_lock B
> + folio_lock B <- DEADLOCK
> + mutex_lock A <- DEADLOCK
> + folio_unlock B
> + folio_unlock B
> + mutex_unlock A
> + mutex_unlock A
> +
> +No. What about the following?
> +
> +.. literal::
> +
> + context X context Y
> +
> + mutex_lock A
> + mutex_lock A <- DEADLOCK
> + wait_for_complete B <- DEADLOCK
> + complete B
> + mutex_unlock A
> + mutex_unlock A
> +
> +No.
One unanswered question from my v17 review [1]: You explain in "How DEPT works"
section how DEPT detects deadlock in the first example (the former with three
contexts). Can you do the same on the second example (the latter with two
contexts)?
Thanks.
[1]: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-doc/aN84jKyrE1BumpLj@archie.me/
--
An old man doll... just what I always wanted! - Clara
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^ permalink raw reply related
* Re: [GIT PULL] Modules changes for v6.19-rc1
From: Linus Torvalds @ 2025-12-06 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Daniel Gomez
Cc: Luis Chamberlain, Petr Pavlu, Sami Tolvanen, Daniel Gomez,
Mauro Carvalho Chehab, Hans Verkuil, Andreas Hindborg,
Uwe Kleine-König, Aaron Tomlin, Kees Cook, linux-modules,
linux-kernel
In-Reply-To: <7dc0f103-ab0b-40db-b246-a1af40afe4d3@kernel.org>
On Thu, 4 Dec 2025 at 03:52, Daniel Gomez <da.gomez@kernel.org> wrote:
> >
> > ssh://git@gitolite.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/modules/linux.git/ tags/modules-6.19-rc1
>
> I know the preference is to use git:// but my git config resolved to the above
> link.
I do automatic conversion from the private ssh address to the
externally visible git one for kernel.org addresses.
So when a maintainer sends me one of those "only available to
kernel.org accounts" links, my scripting will make it show up as the
public one instead.
I do that for visual consistency, but also so that people who _don't_
have an account can follow along at home.
Put another way: no worries. As long as you use the standard syntax,
it gets corrected for public use anyway.
Linus
^ permalink raw reply
* Re: [GIT PULL] Modules changes for v6.19-rc1
From: pr-tracker-bot @ 2025-12-06 17:22 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Daniel Gomez
Cc: Linus Torvalds, Luis Chamberlain, Petr Pavlu, Sami Tolvanen,
Daniel Gomez, Mauro Carvalho Chehab, Hans Verkuil,
Andreas Hindborg, Uwe Kleine-König, Aaron Tomlin, Kees Cook,
linux-modules, linux-kernel
In-Reply-To: <20251203234840.3720-1-da.gomez@kernel.org>
The pull request you sent on Thu, 4 Dec 2025 00:48:37 +0100:
> ssh://git@gitolite.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/modules/linux.git/ tags/modules-6.19-rc1
has been merged into torvalds/linux.git:
https://git.kernel.org/torvalds/c/c84d574698bad2c02aad506dfe712f83cbe3b771
Thank you!
--
Deet-doot-dot, I am a bot.
https://korg.docs.kernel.org/prtracker.html
^ permalink raw reply
* [PATCH V3] mm/slab: introduce kvfree_rcu_barrier_on_cache() for cache destruction
From: Harry Yoo @ 2025-12-07 15:41 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: vbabka
Cc: surenb, Liam.Howlett, cl, rientjes, roman.gushchin, harry.yoo,
urezki, sidhartha.kumar, linux-mm, linux-kernel, rcu, maple-tree,
linux-modules, mcgrof, petr.pavlu, samitolvanen, atomlin,
lucas.demarchi, akpm, jonathanh, stable, Daniel Gomez
Currently, kvfree_rcu_barrier() flushes RCU sheaves across all slab
caches when a cache is destroyed. This is unnecessary; only the RCU
sheaves belonging to the cache being destroyed need to be flushed.
As suggested by Vlastimil Babka, introduce a weaker form of
kvfree_rcu_barrier() that operates on a specific slab cache.
Factor out flush_rcu_sheaves_on_cache() from flush_all_rcu_sheaves() and
call it from flush_all_rcu_sheaves() and kvfree_rcu_barrier_on_cache().
Call kvfree_rcu_barrier_on_cache() instead of kvfree_rcu_barrier() on
cache destruction.
The performance benefit is evaluated on a 12 core 24 threads AMD Ryzen
5900X machine (1 socket), by loading slub_kunit module.
Before:
Total calls: 19
Average latency (us): 18127
Total time (us): 344414
After:
Total calls: 19
Average latency (us): 10066
Total time (us): 191264
Two performance regression have been reported:
- stress module loader test's runtime increases by 50-60% (Daniel)
- internal graphics test's runtime on Tegra23 increases by 35% (Jon)
They are fixed by this change.
Suggested-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Fixes: ec66e0d59952 ("slab: add sheaf support for batching kfree_rcu() operations")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/1bda09da-93be-4737-aef0-d47f8c5c9301@suse.cz
Reported-and-tested-by: Daniel Gomez <da.gomez@samsung.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/0406562e-2066-4cf8-9902-b2b0616dd742@kernel.org
Reported-and-tested-by: Jon Hunter <jonathanh@nvidia.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/e988eff6-1287-425e-a06c-805af5bbf262@nvidia.com
Signed-off-by: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com>
---
v2 -> v3:
- Addressed Suren's comment [1], thanks!
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/CAJuCfpE+g65Dm8-r=psDJQf_O1rfBG62DOzx4mE1mb+ottUKmQ@mail.gmail.com
include/linux/slab.h | 7 ++++++
mm/slab.h | 1 +
mm/slab_common.c | 52 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------
mm/slub.c | 55 ++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------
4 files changed, 75 insertions(+), 40 deletions(-)
diff --git a/include/linux/slab.h b/include/linux/slab.h
index cf443f064a66..2482992248dc 100644
--- a/include/linux/slab.h
+++ b/include/linux/slab.h
@@ -1150,10 +1150,17 @@ static inline void kvfree_rcu_barrier(void)
rcu_barrier();
}
+static inline void kvfree_rcu_barrier_on_cache(struct kmem_cache *s)
+{
+ rcu_barrier();
+}
+
static inline void kfree_rcu_scheduler_running(void) { }
#else
void kvfree_rcu_barrier(void);
+void kvfree_rcu_barrier_on_cache(struct kmem_cache *s);
+
void kfree_rcu_scheduler_running(void);
#endif
diff --git a/mm/slab.h b/mm/slab.h
index f730e012553c..e767aa7e91b0 100644
--- a/mm/slab.h
+++ b/mm/slab.h
@@ -422,6 +422,7 @@ static inline bool is_kmalloc_normal(struct kmem_cache *s)
bool __kfree_rcu_sheaf(struct kmem_cache *s, void *obj);
void flush_all_rcu_sheaves(void);
+void flush_rcu_sheaves_on_cache(struct kmem_cache *s);
#define SLAB_CORE_FLAGS (SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN | SLAB_CACHE_DMA | \
SLAB_CACHE_DMA32 | SLAB_PANIC | \
diff --git a/mm/slab_common.c b/mm/slab_common.c
index 84dfff4f7b1f..dd8a49d6f9cc 100644
--- a/mm/slab_common.c
+++ b/mm/slab_common.c
@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ void kmem_cache_destroy(struct kmem_cache *s)
return;
/* in-flight kfree_rcu()'s may include objects from our cache */
- kvfree_rcu_barrier();
+ kvfree_rcu_barrier_on_cache(s);
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SLUB_RCU_DEBUG) &&
(s->flags & SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU)) {
@@ -2038,25 +2038,13 @@ void kvfree_call_rcu(struct rcu_head *head, void *ptr)
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kvfree_call_rcu);
-/**
- * kvfree_rcu_barrier - Wait until all in-flight kvfree_rcu() complete.
- *
- * Note that a single argument of kvfree_rcu() call has a slow path that
- * triggers synchronize_rcu() following by freeing a pointer. It is done
- * before the return from the function. Therefore for any single-argument
- * call that will result in a kfree() to a cache that is to be destroyed
- * during module exit, it is developer's responsibility to ensure that all
- * such calls have returned before the call to kmem_cache_destroy().
- */
-void kvfree_rcu_barrier(void)
+static inline void __kvfree_rcu_barrier(void)
{
struct kfree_rcu_cpu_work *krwp;
struct kfree_rcu_cpu *krcp;
bool queued;
int i, cpu;
- flush_all_rcu_sheaves();
-
/*
* Firstly we detach objects and queue them over an RCU-batch
* for all CPUs. Finally queued works are flushed for each CPU.
@@ -2118,8 +2106,43 @@ void kvfree_rcu_barrier(void)
}
}
}
+
+/**
+ * kvfree_rcu_barrier - Wait until all in-flight kvfree_rcu() complete.
+ *
+ * Note that a single argument of kvfree_rcu() call has a slow path that
+ * triggers synchronize_rcu() following by freeing a pointer. It is done
+ * before the return from the function. Therefore for any single-argument
+ * call that will result in a kfree() to a cache that is to be destroyed
+ * during module exit, it is developer's responsibility to ensure that all
+ * such calls have returned before the call to kmem_cache_destroy().
+ */
+void kvfree_rcu_barrier(void)
+{
+ flush_all_rcu_sheaves();
+ __kvfree_rcu_barrier();
+}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kvfree_rcu_barrier);
+/**
+ * kvfree_rcu_barrier_on_cache - Wait for in-flight kvfree_rcu() calls on a
+ * specific slab cache.
+ * @s: slab cache to wait for
+ *
+ * See the description of kvfree_rcu_barrier() for details.
+ */
+void kvfree_rcu_barrier_on_cache(struct kmem_cache *s)
+{
+ if (s->cpu_sheaves)
+ flush_rcu_sheaves_on_cache(s);
+ /*
+ * TODO: Introduce a version of __kvfree_rcu_barrier() that works
+ * on a specific slab cache.
+ */
+ __kvfree_rcu_barrier();
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kvfree_rcu_barrier_on_cache);
+
static unsigned long
kfree_rcu_shrink_count(struct shrinker *shrink, struct shrink_control *sc)
{
@@ -2215,4 +2238,3 @@ void __init kvfree_rcu_init(void)
}
#endif /* CONFIG_KVFREE_RCU_BATCHED */
-
diff --git a/mm/slub.c b/mm/slub.c
index 785e25a14999..7cec2220712b 100644
--- a/mm/slub.c
+++ b/mm/slub.c
@@ -4118,42 +4118,47 @@ static void flush_rcu_sheaf(struct work_struct *w)
/* needed for kvfree_rcu_barrier() */
-void flush_all_rcu_sheaves(void)
+void flush_rcu_sheaves_on_cache(struct kmem_cache *s)
{
struct slub_flush_work *sfw;
- struct kmem_cache *s;
unsigned int cpu;
- cpus_read_lock();
- mutex_lock(&slab_mutex);
+ mutex_lock(&flush_lock);
- list_for_each_entry(s, &slab_caches, list) {
- if (!s->cpu_sheaves)
- continue;
+ for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
+ sfw = &per_cpu(slub_flush, cpu);
- mutex_lock(&flush_lock);
+ /*
+ * we don't check if rcu_free sheaf exists - racing
+ * __kfree_rcu_sheaf() might have just removed it.
+ * by executing flush_rcu_sheaf() on the cpu we make
+ * sure the __kfree_rcu_sheaf() finished its call_rcu()
+ */
- for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
- sfw = &per_cpu(slub_flush, cpu);
+ INIT_WORK(&sfw->work, flush_rcu_sheaf);
+ sfw->s = s;
+ queue_work_on(cpu, flushwq, &sfw->work);
+ }
- /*
- * we don't check if rcu_free sheaf exists - racing
- * __kfree_rcu_sheaf() might have just removed it.
- * by executing flush_rcu_sheaf() on the cpu we make
- * sure the __kfree_rcu_sheaf() finished its call_rcu()
- */
+ for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
+ sfw = &per_cpu(slub_flush, cpu);
+ flush_work(&sfw->work);
+ }
- INIT_WORK(&sfw->work, flush_rcu_sheaf);
- sfw->s = s;
- queue_work_on(cpu, flushwq, &sfw->work);
- }
+ mutex_unlock(&flush_lock);
+}
- for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
- sfw = &per_cpu(slub_flush, cpu);
- flush_work(&sfw->work);
- }
+void flush_all_rcu_sheaves(void)
+{
+ struct kmem_cache *s;
+
+ cpus_read_lock();
+ mutex_lock(&slab_mutex);
- mutex_unlock(&flush_lock);
+ list_for_each_entry(s, &slab_caches, list) {
+ if (!s->cpu_sheaves)
+ continue;
+ flush_rcu_sheaves_on_cache(s);
}
mutex_unlock(&slab_mutex);
--
2.43.0
^ permalink raw reply related
* Re: [PATCH V3] mm/slab: introduce kvfree_rcu_barrier_on_cache() for cache destruction
From: Vlastimil Babka @ 2025-12-07 17:11 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Harry Yoo
Cc: surenb, Liam.Howlett, cl, rientjes, roman.gushchin, urezki,
sidhartha.kumar, linux-mm, linux-kernel, rcu, maple-tree,
linux-modules, mcgrof, petr.pavlu, samitolvanen, atomlin,
lucas.demarchi, akpm, jonathanh, stable, Daniel Gomez
In-Reply-To: <20251207154148.117723-1-harry.yoo@oracle.com>
On 12/7/25 16:41, Harry Yoo wrote:
> Currently, kvfree_rcu_barrier() flushes RCU sheaves across all slab
> caches when a cache is destroyed. This is unnecessary; only the RCU
> sheaves belonging to the cache being destroyed need to be flushed.
>
> As suggested by Vlastimil Babka, introduce a weaker form of
> kvfree_rcu_barrier() that operates on a specific slab cache.
>
> Factor out flush_rcu_sheaves_on_cache() from flush_all_rcu_sheaves() and
> call it from flush_all_rcu_sheaves() and kvfree_rcu_barrier_on_cache().
>
> Call kvfree_rcu_barrier_on_cache() instead of kvfree_rcu_barrier() on
> cache destruction.
>
> The performance benefit is evaluated on a 12 core 24 threads AMD Ryzen
> 5900X machine (1 socket), by loading slub_kunit module.
>
> Before:
> Total calls: 19
> Average latency (us): 18127
> Total time (us): 344414
>
> After:
> Total calls: 19
> Average latency (us): 10066
> Total time (us): 191264
>
> Two performance regression have been reported:
> - stress module loader test's runtime increases by 50-60% (Daniel)
> - internal graphics test's runtime on Tegra23 increases by 35% (Jon)
>
> They are fixed by this change.
>
> Suggested-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
> Fixes: ec66e0d59952 ("slab: add sheaf support for batching kfree_rcu() operations")
> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/1bda09da-93be-4737-aef0-d47f8c5c9301@suse.cz
> Reported-and-tested-by: Daniel Gomez <da.gomez@samsung.com>
> Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/0406562e-2066-4cf8-9902-b2b0616dd742@kernel.org
> Reported-and-tested-by: Jon Hunter <jonathanh@nvidia.com>
> Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/e988eff6-1287-425e-a06c-805af5bbf262@nvidia.com
> Signed-off-by: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com>
> ---
>
> v2 -> v3:
> - Addressed Suren's comment [1], thanks!
Thanks, replaced.
^ permalink raw reply
* Re: [PATCH 3/3] module: Add compile-time check for embedded NUL characters
From: Luck, Tony @ 2025-12-08 21:05 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Kees Cook
Cc: Luis Chamberlain, Rusty Russell, Petr Pavlu, Daniel Gomez,
Sami Tolvanen, linux-modules, Malcolm Priestley,
Mauro Carvalho Chehab, Hans Verkuil, Uwe Kleine-König,
linux-kernel, linux-media, linux-hardening
In-Reply-To: <20251008035938.838263-3-kees@kernel.org>
On Tue, Oct 07, 2025 at 08:59:35PM -0700, Kees Cook wrote:
> Long ago, the kernel module license checks were bypassed by embedding a
> NUL character in the MODULE_LICENSE() string[1]. By using a string like
> "GPL\0proprietary text", the kernel would only read "GPL" due to C string
> termination at the NUL byte, allowing proprietary modules to avoid kernel
> tainting and access GPL-only symbols.
>
> The MODULE_INFO() macro stores these strings in the .modinfo ELF
> section, and get_next_modinfo() uses strcmp()-family functions
> which stop at the first NUL. This split the embedded string into two
> separate .modinfo entries, with only the first part being processed by
> license_is_gpl_compatible().
>
> Add a compile-time check using _Static_assert that compares the full
> string length (sizeof - 1) against __builtin_strlen(), which stops at
> the first NUL. If they differ, compilation fails with a clear error
> message.
>
> While this check can still be circumvented by modifying the ELF binary
> post-compilation, it prevents accidental embedded NULs and forces
> intentional abuse to require deliberate binary manipulation rather than
> simple source-level tricks.
>
> Build tested with test modules containing both valid and invalid license
> strings. The check correctly rejects:
>
> MODULE_LICENSE("GPL\0proprietary")
>
> while accepting normal declarations:
>
> MODULE_LICENSE("GPL")
I did a "make W=1 C=1" and found that sparse is now unhappy with all MODULE_LICENSE(),
MODULE_PARM_DESC(), MODULE_DESCRIPTION(), MODULE_AUTHOR() defintions (with no NUL byte).
I see:
error: bad integer constant expression
error: static assertion failed: "MODULE_INFO(parmtype, ...) contains embedded NUL byte"
for every use.
-Tony
^ permalink raw reply
* Re: [PATCH 3/3] module: Add compile-time check for embedded NUL characters
From: Eric Biggers @ 2025-12-09 0:11 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Luck, Tony
Cc: Kees Cook, Luis Chamberlain, Rusty Russell, Petr Pavlu,
Daniel Gomez, Sami Tolvanen, linux-modules, Malcolm Priestley,
Mauro Carvalho Chehab, Hans Verkuil, Uwe Kleine-König,
linux-kernel, linux-media, linux-hardening
In-Reply-To: <aTc9s210am0YqMV4@agluck-desk3>
On Mon, Dec 08, 2025 at 01:05:55PM -0800, Luck, Tony wrote:
> On Tue, Oct 07, 2025 at 08:59:35PM -0700, Kees Cook wrote:
> > Long ago, the kernel module license checks were bypassed by embedding a
> > NUL character in the MODULE_LICENSE() string[1]. By using a string like
> > "GPL\0proprietary text", the kernel would only read "GPL" due to C string
> > termination at the NUL byte, allowing proprietary modules to avoid kernel
> > tainting and access GPL-only symbols.
> >
> > The MODULE_INFO() macro stores these strings in the .modinfo ELF
> > section, and get_next_modinfo() uses strcmp()-family functions
> > which stop at the first NUL. This split the embedded string into two
> > separate .modinfo entries, with only the first part being processed by
> > license_is_gpl_compatible().
> >
> > Add a compile-time check using _Static_assert that compares the full
> > string length (sizeof - 1) against __builtin_strlen(), which stops at
> > the first NUL. If they differ, compilation fails with a clear error
> > message.
> >
> > While this check can still be circumvented by modifying the ELF binary
> > post-compilation, it prevents accidental embedded NULs and forces
> > intentional abuse to require deliberate binary manipulation rather than
> > simple source-level tricks.
> >
> > Build tested with test modules containing both valid and invalid license
> > strings. The check correctly rejects:
> >
> > MODULE_LICENSE("GPL\0proprietary")
> >
> > while accepting normal declarations:
> >
> > MODULE_LICENSE("GPL")
>
>
> I did a "make W=1 C=1" and found that sparse is now unhappy with all MODULE_LICENSE(),
> MODULE_PARM_DESC(), MODULE_DESCRIPTION(), MODULE_AUTHOR() defintions (with no NUL byte).
>
> I see:
>
> error: bad integer constant expression
> error: static assertion failed: "MODULE_INFO(parmtype, ...) contains embedded NUL byte"
>
> for every use.
Likewise, I just got the following kernel test robot report sent to me,
where it's warning about MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"):
https://lore.kernel.org/all/202512090359.7BkUaiC9-lkp@intel.com/
- Eric
^ permalink raw reply
* Re: [PATCH 3/3] module: Add compile-time check for embedded NUL characters
From: Daniel Gomez @ 2025-12-09 8:18 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Eric Biggers, Luck, Tony
Cc: Kees Cook, Luis Chamberlain, Rusty Russell, Petr Pavlu,
Sami Tolvanen, linux-modules, Malcolm Priestley,
Mauro Carvalho Chehab, Hans Verkuil, Uwe Kleine-König,
linux-kernel, linux-media, linux-hardening
In-Reply-To: <20251209001139.GA7982@quark>
On 09/12/2025 09.11, Eric Biggers wrote:
> On Mon, Dec 08, 2025 at 01:05:55PM -0800, Luck, Tony wrote:
>> On Tue, Oct 07, 2025 at 08:59:35PM -0700, Kees Cook wrote:
>>> Long ago, the kernel module license checks were bypassed by embedding a
>>> NUL character in the MODULE_LICENSE() string[1]. By using a string like
>>> "GPL\0proprietary text", the kernel would only read "GPL" due to C string
>>> termination at the NUL byte, allowing proprietary modules to avoid kernel
>>> tainting and access GPL-only symbols.
>>>
>>> The MODULE_INFO() macro stores these strings in the .modinfo ELF
>>> section, and get_next_modinfo() uses strcmp()-family functions
>>> which stop at the first NUL. This split the embedded string into two
>>> separate .modinfo entries, with only the first part being processed by
>>> license_is_gpl_compatible().
>>>
>>> Add a compile-time check using _Static_assert that compares the full
>>> string length (sizeof - 1) against __builtin_strlen(), which stops at
>>> the first NUL. If they differ, compilation fails with a clear error
>>> message.
>>>
>>> While this check can still be circumvented by modifying the ELF binary
>>> post-compilation, it prevents accidental embedded NULs and forces
>>> intentional abuse to require deliberate binary manipulation rather than
>>> simple source-level tricks.
>>>
>>> Build tested with test modules containing both valid and invalid license
>>> strings. The check correctly rejects:
>>>
>>> MODULE_LICENSE("GPL\0proprietary")
>>>
>>> while accepting normal declarations:
>>>
>>> MODULE_LICENSE("GPL")
>>
>>
>> I did a "make W=1 C=1" and found that sparse is now unhappy with all MODULE_LICENSE(),
>> MODULE_PARM_DESC(), MODULE_DESCRIPTION(), MODULE_AUTHOR() defintions (with no NUL byte).
>>
>> I see:
>>
>> error: bad integer constant expression
>> error: static assertion failed: "MODULE_INFO(parmtype, ...) contains embedded NUL byte"
>>
>> for every use.
>
> Likewise, I just got the following kernel test robot report sent to me,
> where it's warning about MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"):
> https://lore.kernel.org/all/202512090359.7BkUaiC9-lkp@intel.com/
Can you both confirm which version of sparse are you using?
My understanding was that this patch fixed that problem:
https://lore.kernel.org/linux-sparse/CACePvbVG2KrGQq4cNKV=wbO5h=jp3M0RO1SdfX8kV4OukjPG8A@mail.gmail.com/T/#mf838b3e2e3245d88c30a801ea7473d5a5c0eb121
The patch is already merged into the sparse tree, and I was not able to
reproduce the issue.
^ permalink raw reply
* Re: [PATCH v3 1/4] kernel.h: drop STACK_MAGIC macro
From: Andi Shyti @ 2025-12-09 15:58 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Yury Norov (NVIDIA)
Cc: Steven Rostedt, Masami Hiramatsu, Mathieu Desnoyers,
Andy Shevchenko, Christophe Leroy, Randy Dunlap, Ingo Molnar,
Jani Nikula, Joonas Lahtinen, David Laight, Petr Pavlu,
Rodrigo Vivi, Tvrtko Ursulin, Daniel Gomez, Greg Kroah-Hartman,
Rafael J. Wysocki, Danilo Krummrich, Andrew Morton, linux-kernel,
intel-gfx, dri-devel, linux-modules, linux-trace-kernel,
Jani Nikula
In-Reply-To: <20251205175237.242022-2-yury.norov@gmail.com>
Hi Yuri,
On Fri, Dec 05, 2025 at 12:52:32PM -0500, Yury Norov (NVIDIA) wrote:
> The macro was introduced in 1994, v1.0.4, for stacks protection. Since
> that, people found better ways to protect stacks, and now the macro is
> only used by i915 selftests. Move it to a local header and drop from
> the kernel.h.
>
> Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
> Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
> Acked-by: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@intel.com>
> Reviewed-by: Christophe Leroy (CS GROUP) <chleroy@kernel.org>
> Signed-off-by: Yury Norov (NVIDIA) <yury.norov@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Andi Shyti <andi.shyti@linux.intel.com>
Thanks,
Andi
^ permalink raw reply
* RE: [PATCH 3/3] module: Add compile-time check for embedded NUL characters
From: Luck, Tony @ 2025-12-09 16:20 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Daniel Gomez, Eric Biggers
Cc: Kees Cook, Luis Chamberlain, Rusty Russell, Petr Pavlu,
Sami Tolvanen, linux-modules@vger.kernel.org, Malcolm Priestley,
Mauro Carvalho Chehab, Hans Verkuil, Uwe Kleine-König,
linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-media@vger.kernel.org,
linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org
In-Reply-To: <d3dd8fc8-ab46-4cf1-87a9-0324685ba2e0@kernel.org>
>> Likewise, I just got the following kernel test robot report sent to me,
>> where it's warning about MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"):
>> https://lore.kernel.org/all/202512090359.7BkUaiC9-lkp@intel.com/
>
> Can you both confirm which version of sparse are you using?
>
> My understanding was that this patch fixed that problem:
> >https://lore.kernel.org/linux-sparse/CACePvbVG2KrGQq4cNKV=wbO5h=jp3M0RO1SdfX8kV4OukjPG8A@mail.gmail.com/T/#mf838b3e2e3245d88c30a801ea7473d5a5c0eb121
> The patch is already merged into the sparse tree, and I was not able to
> reproduce the issue.
I pulled the latest sparse source and re-checked before reporting. Top commit I have is the one you mention:
fbdde3127b83 ("builtin: implement __builtin_strlen() for constants")
I'm building latest Linus tree from the current merge window (well latest as-of yesterday):
c2f2b01b74be ("Merge tag 'i3c/for-6.19' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/i3c/linux")
-Tony
^ permalink raw reply
* Re: [PATCH 3/3] module: Add compile-time check for embedded NUL characters
From: Luck, Tony @ 2025-12-09 16:45 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Daniel Gomez, Eric Biggers
Cc: Kees Cook, Luis Chamberlain, Rusty Russell, Petr Pavlu,
Sami Tolvanen, linux-modules@vger.kernel.org, Malcolm Priestley,
Mauro Carvalho Chehab, Hans Verkuil, Uwe Kleine-König,
linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-media@vger.kernel.org,
linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org
In-Reply-To: <SJ1PR11MB6083C6D97484ED4E4710268EFCA3A@SJ1PR11MB6083.namprd11.prod.outlook.com>
On Tue, Dec 09, 2025 at 04:20:06PM +0000, Luck, Tony wrote:
> >> Likewise, I just got the following kernel test robot report sent to me,
> >> where it's warning about MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"):
> >> https://lore.kernel.org/all/202512090359.7BkUaiC9-lkp@intel.com/
> >
> > Can you both confirm which version of sparse are you using?
> >
> > My understanding was that this patch fixed that problem:
> > >https://lore.kernel.org/linux-sparse/CACePvbVG2KrGQq4cNKV=wbO5h=jp3M0RO1SdfX8kV4OukjPG8A@mail.gmail.com/T/#mf838b3e2e3245d88c30a801ea7473d5a5c0eb121
>
> > The patch is already merged into the sparse tree, and I was not able to
> > reproduce the issue.
>
> I pulled the latest sparse source and re-checked before reporting. Top commit I have is the one you mention:
>
> fbdde3127b83 ("builtin: implement __builtin_strlen() for constants")
>
> I'm building latest Linus tree from the current merge window (well latest as-of yesterday):
>
> c2f2b01b74be ("Merge tag 'i3c/for-6.19' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/i3c/linux")
I added a debug trace to the new expand_strlen() function added to
sparse. It is being called and doing the right thing. My trace says:
len(GPL) = 3
-Tony
^ permalink raw reply
* Re: [PATCH 3/3] module: Add compile-time check for embedded NUL characters
From: Luck, Tony @ 2025-12-09 18:29 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Daniel Gomez, Eric Biggers
Cc: Kees Cook, Luis Chamberlain, Rusty Russell, Petr Pavlu,
Sami Tolvanen, linux-modules@vger.kernel.org, Malcolm Priestley,
Mauro Carvalho Chehab, Hans Verkuil, Uwe Kleine-König,
linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-media@vger.kernel.org,
linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org
In-Reply-To: <aThSGiKwJRYOB6kx@agluck-desk3>
On Tue, Dec 09, 2025 at 08:45:14AM -0800, Luck, Tony wrote:
> On Tue, Dec 09, 2025 at 04:20:06PM +0000, Luck, Tony wrote:
> > >> Likewise, I just got the following kernel test robot report sent to me,
> > >> where it's warning about MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"):
> > >> https://lore.kernel.org/all/202512090359.7BkUaiC9-lkp@intel.com/
> > >
> > > Can you both confirm which version of sparse are you using?
> > >
> > > My understanding was that this patch fixed that problem:
> > > >https://lore.kernel.org/linux-sparse/CACePvbVG2KrGQq4cNKV=wbO5h=jp3M0RO1SdfX8kV4OukjPG8A@mail.gmail.com/T/#mf838b3e2e3245d88c30a801ea7473d5a5c0eb121
> >
> > > The patch is already merged into the sparse tree, and I was not able to
> > > reproduce the issue.
> >
> > I pulled the latest sparse source and re-checked before reporting. Top commit I have is the one you mention:
> >
> > fbdde3127b83 ("builtin: implement __builtin_strlen() for constants")
> >
> > I'm building latest Linus tree from the current merge window (well latest as-of yesterday):
> >
> > c2f2b01b74be ("Merge tag 'i3c/for-6.19' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/i3c/linux")
>
> I added a debug trace to the new expand_strlen() function added to
> sparse. It is being called and doing the right thing. My trace says:
>
> len(GPL) = 3
Simple test case:
$ cat -n s.c
1
2 _Static_assert(sizeof("GPL") - 1 == 3, "sizeof");
3
4 _Static_assert(__builtin_strlen("GPL") == 3, "strlen");
$ sparse s.c
s.c:4:40: error: bad integer constant expression
s.c:4:40: error: static assertion failed: "strlen"
So the "sizeof" bit is OK. But the __builtin_strlen() isn't.
-Tony
^ permalink raw reply
* Re: [PATCH 3/3] module: Add compile-time check for embedded NUL characters
From: Sami Tolvanen @ 2025-12-10 1:00 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Luck, Tony
Cc: Daniel Gomez, Eric Biggers, Kees Cook, Luis Chamberlain,
Rusty Russell, Petr Pavlu, linux-modules@vger.kernel.org,
Malcolm Priestley, Mauro Carvalho Chehab, Hans Verkuil,
Uwe Kleine-König, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
linux-media@vger.kernel.org, linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org
In-Reply-To: <aThqcq0iGge1pQCr@agluck-desk3>
On Tue, Dec 09, 2025 at 10:29:06AM -0800, Luck, Tony wrote:
> On Tue, Dec 09, 2025 at 08:45:14AM -0800, Luck, Tony wrote:
> > On Tue, Dec 09, 2025 at 04:20:06PM +0000, Luck, Tony wrote:
> > > >> Likewise, I just got the following kernel test robot report sent to me,
> > > >> where it's warning about MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"):
> > > >> https://lore.kernel.org/all/202512090359.7BkUaiC9-lkp@intel.com/
> > > >
> > > > Can you both confirm which version of sparse are you using?
> > > >
> > > > My understanding was that this patch fixed that problem:
> > > > >https://lore.kernel.org/linux-sparse/CACePvbVG2KrGQq4cNKV=wbO5h=jp3M0RO1SdfX8kV4OukjPG8A@mail.gmail.com/T/#mf838b3e2e3245d88c30a801ea7473d5a5c0eb121
> > >
> > > > The patch is already merged into the sparse tree, and I was not able to
> > > > reproduce the issue.
> > >
> > > I pulled the latest sparse source and re-checked before reporting. Top commit I have is the one you mention:
> > >
> > > fbdde3127b83 ("builtin: implement __builtin_strlen() for constants")
> > >
> > > I'm building latest Linus tree from the current merge window (well latest as-of yesterday):
> > >
> > > c2f2b01b74be ("Merge tag 'i3c/for-6.19' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/i3c/linux")
> >
> > I added a debug trace to the new expand_strlen() function added to
> > sparse. It is being called and doing the right thing. My trace says:
> >
> > len(GPL) = 3
>
> Simple test case:
>
> $ cat -n s.c
> 1
> 2 _Static_assert(sizeof("GPL") - 1 == 3, "sizeof");
> 3
> 4 _Static_assert(__builtin_strlen("GPL") == 3, "strlen");
>
> $ sparse s.c
> s.c:4:40: error: bad integer constant expression
> s.c:4:40: error: static assertion failed: "strlen"
>
> So the "sizeof" bit is OK. But the __builtin_strlen() isn't.
This looks like a bug in Sparse. The CEF_ICE flag isn't propagated to
the comparison expression, which it presumably should be when both
sides are integer constant expressions.
I'm not really familiar enough with Sparse to know whether this is the
correct place to handle this case, but this quick hack fixes the issue
for me:
diff --git a/expand.c b/expand.c
index f14e7181..71221d35 100644
--- a/expand.c
+++ b/expand.c
@@ -535,6 +535,8 @@ static int expand_compare(struct expression *expr)
expr->taint = 0;
return 0;
}
+ if (left->flags & CEF_ICE && right->flags & CEF_ICE)
+ expr->flags |= CEF_SET_ICE;
if (simplify_cmp_binop(expr, left->ctype))
return 0;
if (simplify_float_cmp(expr, left->ctype))
Sami
^ permalink raw reply related
* Re: [PATCH 3/3] module: Add compile-time check for embedded NUL characters
From: Luck, Tony @ 2025-12-10 22:29 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Sami Tolvanen, Dan Carpenter, Chris Li
Cc: Daniel Gomez, Eric Biggers, Kees Cook, Luis Chamberlain,
Rusty Russell, Petr Pavlu, linux-modules@vger.kernel.org,
Malcolm Priestley, Mauro Carvalho Chehab, Hans Verkuil,
Uwe Kleine-König, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
linux-media@vger.kernel.org, linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org
In-Reply-To: <20251210010020.GA2522829@google.com>
[Added Dan Carpenter and Chris Li]
Dan and Chris,
You're in the git log for sparse wrting/commiting fixes. Can you take
a look at this? Sami's fix works for me.
-Tony
On Wed, Dec 10, 2025 at 01:00:20AM +0000, Sami Tolvanen wrote:
> On Tue, Dec 09, 2025 at 10:29:06AM -0800, Luck, Tony wrote:
> > On Tue, Dec 09, 2025 at 08:45:14AM -0800, Luck, Tony wrote:
> > > On Tue, Dec 09, 2025 at 04:20:06PM +0000, Luck, Tony wrote:
> > > > >> Likewise, I just got the following kernel test robot report sent to me,
> > > > >> where it's warning about MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"):
> > > > >> https://lore.kernel.org/all/202512090359.7BkUaiC9-lkp@intel.com/
> > > > >
> > > > > Can you both confirm which version of sparse are you using?
> > > > >
> > > > > My understanding was that this patch fixed that problem:
> > > > > >https://lore.kernel.org/linux-sparse/CACePvbVG2KrGQq4cNKV=wbO5h=jp3M0RO1SdfX8kV4OukjPG8A@mail.gmail.com/T/#mf838b3e2e3245d88c30a801ea7473d5a5c0eb121
> > > >
> > > > > The patch is already merged into the sparse tree, and I was not able to
> > > > > reproduce the issue.
> > > >
> > > > I pulled the latest sparse source and re-checked before reporting. Top commit I have is the one you mention:
> > > >
> > > > fbdde3127b83 ("builtin: implement __builtin_strlen() for constants")
> > > >
> > > > I'm building latest Linus tree from the current merge window (well latest as-of yesterday):
> > > >
> > > > c2f2b01b74be ("Merge tag 'i3c/for-6.19' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/i3c/linux")
> > >
> > > I added a debug trace to the new expand_strlen() function added to
> > > sparse. It is being called and doing the right thing. My trace says:
> > >
> > > len(GPL) = 3
> >
> > Simple test case:
> >
> > $ cat -n s.c
> > 1
> > 2 _Static_assert(sizeof("GPL") - 1 == 3, "sizeof");
> > 3
> > 4 _Static_assert(__builtin_strlen("GPL") == 3, "strlen");
> >
> > $ sparse s.c
> > s.c:4:40: error: bad integer constant expression
> > s.c:4:40: error: static assertion failed: "strlen"
> >
> > So the "sizeof" bit is OK. But the __builtin_strlen() isn't.
>
> This looks like a bug in Sparse. The CEF_ICE flag isn't propagated to
> the comparison expression, which it presumably should be when both
> sides are integer constant expressions.
>
> I'm not really familiar enough with Sparse to know whether this is the
> correct place to handle this case, but this quick hack fixes the issue
> for me:
>
> diff --git a/expand.c b/expand.c
> index f14e7181..71221d35 100644
> --- a/expand.c
> +++ b/expand.c
> @@ -535,6 +535,8 @@ static int expand_compare(struct expression *expr)
> expr->taint = 0;
> return 0;
> }
> + if (left->flags & CEF_ICE && right->flags & CEF_ICE)
> + expr->flags |= CEF_SET_ICE;
> if (simplify_cmp_binop(expr, left->ctype))
> return 0;
> if (simplify_float_cmp(expr, left->ctype))
>
> Sami
^ permalink raw reply
* Re: [PATCH 3/3] module: Add compile-time check for embedded NUL characters
From: Dan Carpenter @ 2025-12-11 8:28 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Luck, Tony
Cc: Sami Tolvanen, Chris Li, Daniel Gomez, Eric Biggers, Kees Cook,
Luis Chamberlain, Rusty Russell, Petr Pavlu,
linux-modules@vger.kernel.org, Malcolm Priestley,
Mauro Carvalho Chehab, Hans Verkuil, Uwe Kleine-König,
linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-media@vger.kernel.org,
linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org
In-Reply-To: <aTn0WdVv-S_EpQmS@agluck-desk3>
On Wed, Dec 10, 2025 at 02:29:45PM -0800, Luck, Tony wrote:
> > diff --git a/expand.c b/expand.c
> > index f14e7181..71221d35 100644
> > --- a/expand.c
> > +++ b/expand.c
> > @@ -535,6 +535,8 @@ static int expand_compare(struct expression *expr)
> > expr->taint = 0;
> > return 0;
> > }
> > + if (left->flags & CEF_ICE && right->flags & CEF_ICE)
> > + expr->flags |= CEF_SET_ICE;
> > if (simplify_cmp_binop(expr, left->ctype))
> > return 0;
> > if (simplify_float_cmp(expr, left->ctype))
I'm not an expert in the C standard, but this feels correct to me.
regards,
dan carpenter
^ permalink raw reply
* Re: [PATCH 3/3] module: Add compile-time check for embedded NUL characters
From: Sami Tolvanen @ 2025-12-11 17:03 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Dan Carpenter
Cc: Luck, Tony, Chris Li, Daniel Gomez, Eric Biggers, Kees Cook,
Luis Chamberlain, Rusty Russell, Petr Pavlu,
linux-modules@vger.kernel.org, Malcolm Priestley,
Mauro Carvalho Chehab, Hans Verkuil, Uwe Kleine-König,
linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-media@vger.kernel.org,
linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org
In-Reply-To: <aTqAxfiVCR2ch4I5@stanley.mountain>
On Thu, Dec 11, 2025 at 12:28 AM Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@linaro.org> wrote:
>
> On Wed, Dec 10, 2025 at 02:29:45PM -0800, Luck, Tony wrote:
> > > diff --git a/expand.c b/expand.c
> > > index f14e7181..71221d35 100644
> > > --- a/expand.c
> > > +++ b/expand.c
> > > @@ -535,6 +535,8 @@ static int expand_compare(struct expression *expr)
> > > expr->taint = 0;
> > > return 0;
> > > }
> > > + if (left->flags & CEF_ICE && right->flags & CEF_ICE)
> > > + expr->flags |= CEF_SET_ICE;
> > > if (simplify_cmp_binop(expr, left->ctype))
> > > return 0;
> > > if (simplify_float_cmp(expr, left->ctype))
>
> I'm not an expert in the C standard, but this feels correct to me.
It only fixes comparisons though, the problem still exists for other
expressions. For example, while `_Static_assert(__builtin_strlen("")
== 0);` works with this change,
`_Static_assert(!__builtin_strlen(""));` still fails. Perhaps there's
a better way to fix this than changing each expression expansion
function to handle this flag?
Sami
^ permalink raw reply
* Re: [PATCH 3/3] module: Add compile-time check for embedded NUL characters
From: Daniel Gomez @ 2025-12-11 17:30 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Sami Tolvanen, Dan Carpenter
Cc: Luck, Tony, Chris Li, Eric Biggers, Kees Cook, Luis Chamberlain,
Rusty Russell, Petr Pavlu, linux-modules@vger.kernel.org,
Malcolm Priestley, Mauro Carvalho Chehab, Hans Verkuil,
Uwe Kleine-König, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
linux-media@vger.kernel.org, linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org
In-Reply-To: <CABCJKufWw4VQA_k6Deuf5Bn6401cbYv_St8VV_0-LAau6F0nTw@mail.gmail.com>
On 12/12/2025 02.03, Sami Tolvanen wrote:
> On Thu, Dec 11, 2025 at 12:28 AM Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@linaro.org> wrote:
>>
>> On Wed, Dec 10, 2025 at 02:29:45PM -0800, Luck, Tony wrote:
>>>> diff --git a/expand.c b/expand.c
>>>> index f14e7181..71221d35 100644
>>>> --- a/expand.c
>>>> +++ b/expand.c
>>>> @@ -535,6 +535,8 @@ static int expand_compare(struct expression *expr)
>>>> expr->taint = 0;
>>>> return 0;
>>>> }
>>>> + if (left->flags & CEF_ICE && right->flags & CEF_ICE)
>>>> + expr->flags |= CEF_SET_ICE;
>>>> if (simplify_cmp_binop(expr, left->ctype))
>>>> return 0;
>>>> if (simplify_float_cmp(expr, left->ctype))
>>
>> I'm not an expert in the C standard, but this feels correct to me.
>
> It only fixes comparisons though, the problem still exists for other
> expressions. For example, while `_Static_assert(__builtin_strlen("")
> == 0);` works with this change,
> `_Static_assert(!__builtin_strlen(""));` still fails. Perhaps there's
> a better way to fix this than changing each expression expansion
> function to handle this flag?
Maybe the flag fix just needs to be applied to the evaluation? Other op
structs do the same. But Dan's patch did not implement evaluate. E.g.:
static struct symbol_op constant_p_op = {
.evaluate = evaluate_to_int_const_expr,
.expand = expand_constant_p
};
>
> Sami
^ permalink raw reply
* Re: [PATCH 3/3] module: Add compile-time check for embedded NUL characters
From: Sami Tolvanen @ 2025-12-11 17:51 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Daniel Gomez
Cc: Dan Carpenter, Luck, Tony, Chris Li, Eric Biggers, Kees Cook,
Luis Chamberlain, Rusty Russell, Petr Pavlu,
linux-modules@vger.kernel.org, Malcolm Priestley,
Mauro Carvalho Chehab, Hans Verkuil, Uwe Kleine-König,
linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-media@vger.kernel.org,
linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org
In-Reply-To: <083ebd92-4b3f-47f8-bf0f-395a604b5f05@kernel.org>
On Fri, Dec 12, 2025 at 02:30:48AM +0900, Daniel Gomez wrote:
>
>
> On 12/12/2025 02.03, Sami Tolvanen wrote:
> > On Thu, Dec 11, 2025 at 12:28 AM Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@linaro.org> wrote:
> >>
> >> On Wed, Dec 10, 2025 at 02:29:45PM -0800, Luck, Tony wrote:
> >>>> diff --git a/expand.c b/expand.c
> >>>> index f14e7181..71221d35 100644
> >>>> --- a/expand.c
> >>>> +++ b/expand.c
> >>>> @@ -535,6 +535,8 @@ static int expand_compare(struct expression *expr)
> >>>> expr->taint = 0;
> >>>> return 0;
> >>>> }
> >>>> + if (left->flags & CEF_ICE && right->flags & CEF_ICE)
> >>>> + expr->flags |= CEF_SET_ICE;
> >>>> if (simplify_cmp_binop(expr, left->ctype))
> >>>> return 0;
> >>>> if (simplify_float_cmp(expr, left->ctype))
> >>
> >> I'm not an expert in the C standard, but this feels correct to me.
> >
> > It only fixes comparisons though, the problem still exists for other
> > expressions. For example, while `_Static_assert(__builtin_strlen("")
> > == 0);` works with this change,
> > `_Static_assert(!__builtin_strlen(""));` still fails. Perhaps there's
> > a better way to fix this than changing each expression expansion
> > function to handle this flag?
>
> Maybe the flag fix just needs to be applied to the evaluation? Other op
> structs do the same. But Dan's patch did not implement evaluate. E.g.:
>
> static struct symbol_op constant_p_op = {
> .evaluate = evaluate_to_int_const_expr,
> .expand = expand_constant_p
> };
Nice catch! This seems to fix the issue for me:
diff --git a/builtin.c b/builtin.c
index 9149c43d..7573abf8 100644
--- a/builtin.c
+++ b/builtin.c
@@ -616,6 +616,7 @@ static int expand_strlen(struct expression *expr, int cost)
}
static struct symbol_op strlen_op = {
+ .evaluate = evaluate_to_int_const_expr,
.expand = expand_strlen,
};
I wonder if there are any other __builtin_* functions that need this too?
Looks like __builtin_object_size doesn't have this either.
Sami
^ permalink raw reply related
* [PATCH v4 0/2] lib/crypto: ML-DSA verification support
From: Eric Biggers @ 2025-12-14 18:17 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-crypto
Cc: David Howells, Herbert Xu, Eric Biggers, Luis Chamberlain,
Petr Pavlu, Daniel Gomez, Sami Tolvanen, Jason A . Donenfeld,
Ard Biesheuvel, Stephan Mueller, Lukas Wunner, Ignat Korchagin,
keyrings, linux-modules, linux-kernel
This series can also be retrieved from:
git fetch https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ebiggers/linux.git mldsa-v4
This series adds support for verifying ML-DSA signatures to lib/crypto/.
Patch 1 is the ML-DSA implementation itself. See that for full details.
Patch 2 adds the KUnit test suite.
The initial use case for this will be kernel module signature
verification. For more details, see David Howells' patchset
https://lore.kernel.org/linux-crypto/20251120104439.2620205-1-dhowells@redhat.com/
Note: I'm planning to apply this to libcrypto-next for 6.20.
Changed in v4:
- Added missing MODULE_IMPORT_NS() to fix build error when building the
KUnit test suite as a loadable module
- Added David's Reviewed-by and Tested-by
- Clarified a comment slightly
- Rebased onto v6.19-rc1
Changed in v3:
- Moved SHAKE128 block buffer off the stack
- Reworked use_hint() again, simplifying it further
- Added unit test for use_hint()
- Moved some of the reduction logic into invntt_and_mul_2_32() and
simplified it slightly
- Updated Zq_mult() to not rely on signed integer overflow having
defined behavior, though this is unnecessary in the kernel
- Formatted the documented return values into a list
- Other minor tweaks
Changed in v2:
- Reworked the KUnit test suite
- Improved commit messages and comments
- Added missing MODULE_DESCRIPTION() and MODULE_LICENSE()
- Made the return values of mldsa_verify() differentiate between an
input being malformed and the "real" signature check failing
- Refactored w1 encoding into a helper function
- Used kfree() instead of kfree_sensitive()
- Avoided unusal C syntax by accessing the hint vector via 'u8 *'
- Reworked use_hint() to be better optimized and documented
Eric Biggers (2):
lib/crypto: Add ML-DSA verification support
lib/crypto: tests: Add KUnit tests for ML-DSA verification
include/crypto/mldsa.h | 60 +
lib/crypto/Kconfig | 7 +
lib/crypto/Makefile | 5 +
lib/crypto/mldsa.c | 652 ++++++++++
lib/crypto/tests/Kconfig | 9 +
lib/crypto/tests/Makefile | 1 +
lib/crypto/tests/mldsa-testvecs.h | 1887 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
lib/crypto/tests/mldsa_kunit.c | 438 +++++++
8 files changed, 3059 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 include/crypto/mldsa.h
create mode 100644 lib/crypto/mldsa.c
create mode 100644 lib/crypto/tests/mldsa-testvecs.h
create mode 100644 lib/crypto/tests/mldsa_kunit.c
base-commit: 8f0b4cce4481fb22653697cced8d0d04027cb1e8
--
2.52.0
^ permalink raw reply
* [PATCH v4 1/2] lib/crypto: Add ML-DSA verification support
From: Eric Biggers @ 2025-12-14 18:17 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-crypto
Cc: David Howells, Herbert Xu, Eric Biggers, Luis Chamberlain,
Petr Pavlu, Daniel Gomez, Sami Tolvanen, Jason A . Donenfeld,
Ard Biesheuvel, Stephan Mueller, Lukas Wunner, Ignat Korchagin,
keyrings, linux-modules, linux-kernel
In-Reply-To: <20251214181712.29132-1-ebiggers@kernel.org>
Add support for verifying ML-DSA signatures.
ML-DSA (Module-Lattice-Based Digital Signature Algorithm) is specified
in FIPS 204 and is the standard version of Dilithium. Unlike RSA and
elliptic-curve cryptography, ML-DSA is believed to be secure even
against adversaries in possession of a large-scale quantum computer.
Compared to the earlier patch
(https://lore.kernel.org/r/20251117145606.2155773-3-dhowells@redhat.com/)
that was based on "leancrypto", this implementation:
- Is about 700 lines of source code instead of 4800.
- Generates about 4 KB of object code instead of 28 KB.
- Uses 9-13 KB of memory to verify a signature instead of 31-84 KB.
- Is at least about the same speed, with a microbenchmark showing 3-5%
improvements on one x86_64 CPU and -1% to 1% changes on another.
When memory is a bottleneck, it's likely much faster.
- Correctly implements the RejNTTPoly step of the algorithm.
The API just consists of a single function mldsa_verify(), supporting
pure ML-DSA with any standard parameter set (ML-DSA-44, ML-DSA-65, or
ML-DSA-87) as selected by an enum. That's all that's actually needed.
The following four potential features are unneeded and aren't included.
However, any that ever become needed could fairly easily be added later,
as they only affect how the message representative mu is calculated:
- Nonempty context strings
- Incremental message hashing
- HashML-DSA
- External mu
Signing support would, of course, be a larger and more complex addition.
However, the kernel doesn't, and shouldn't, need ML-DSA signing support.
Note that mldsa_verify() allocates memory, so it can sleep and can fail
with ENOMEM. Unfortunately we don't have much choice about that, since
ML-DSA needs a lot of memory. At least callers have to check for errors
anyway, since the signature could be invalid.
Note that verification doesn't require constant-time code, and in fact
some steps are inherently variable-time. I've used constant-time
patterns in some places anyway, but technically they're not needed.
Reviewed-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Tested-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@kernel.org>
---
include/crypto/mldsa.h | 60 ++++
lib/crypto/Kconfig | 7 +
lib/crypto/Makefile | 5 +
lib/crypto/mldsa.c | 652 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
4 files changed, 724 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 include/crypto/mldsa.h
create mode 100644 lib/crypto/mldsa.c
diff --git a/include/crypto/mldsa.h b/include/crypto/mldsa.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..cf30aef29970
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/crypto/mldsa.h
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
+/*
+ * Support for verifying ML-DSA signatures
+ *
+ * Copyright 2025 Google LLC
+ */
+#ifndef _CRYPTO_MLDSA_H
+#define _CRYPTO_MLDSA_H
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+
+/* Identifier for an ML-DSA parameter set */
+enum mldsa_alg {
+ MLDSA44, /* ML-DSA-44 */
+ MLDSA65, /* ML-DSA-65 */
+ MLDSA87, /* ML-DSA-87 */
+};
+
+/* Lengths of ML-DSA public keys and signatures in bytes */
+#define MLDSA44_PUBLIC_KEY_SIZE 1312
+#define MLDSA65_PUBLIC_KEY_SIZE 1952
+#define MLDSA87_PUBLIC_KEY_SIZE 2592
+#define MLDSA44_SIGNATURE_SIZE 2420
+#define MLDSA65_SIGNATURE_SIZE 3309
+#define MLDSA87_SIGNATURE_SIZE 4627
+
+/**
+ * mldsa_verify() - Verify an ML-DSA signature
+ * @alg: The ML-DSA parameter set to use
+ * @sig: The signature
+ * @sig_len: Length of the signature in bytes. Should match the
+ * MLDSA*_SIGNATURE_SIZE constant associated with @alg,
+ * otherwise -EBADMSG will be returned.
+ * @msg: The message
+ * @msg_len: Length of the message in bytes
+ * @pk: The public key
+ * @pk_len: Length of the public key in bytes. Should match the
+ * MLDSA*_PUBLIC_KEY_SIZE constant associated with @alg,
+ * otherwise -EBADMSG will be returned.
+ *
+ * This verifies a signature using pure ML-DSA with the specified parameter set.
+ * The context string is assumed to be empty.
+ *
+ * Context: Might sleep
+ *
+ * Return:
+ * * 0 if the signature is valid
+ * * -EBADMSG if the signature and/or public key is malformed
+ * * -EKEYREJECTED if the signature is invalid but otherwise well-formed
+ * * -ENOMEM if out of memory so the validity of the signature is unknown
+ */
+int mldsa_verify(enum mldsa_alg alg, const u8 *sig, size_t sig_len,
+ const u8 *msg, size_t msg_len, const u8 *pk, size_t pk_len);
+
+#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_CRYPTO_LIB_MLDSA_KUNIT_TEST)
+/* Internal function, exposed only for unit testing */
+s32 mldsa_use_hint(u8 h, s32 r, s32 gamma2);
+#endif
+
+#endif /* _CRYPTO_MLDSA_H */
diff --git a/lib/crypto/Kconfig b/lib/crypto/Kconfig
index 6871a41e5069..ee6ab129d0cf 100644
--- a/lib/crypto/Kconfig
+++ b/lib/crypto/Kconfig
@@ -99,10 +99,17 @@ config CRYPTO_LIB_MD5_ARCH
depends on CRYPTO_LIB_MD5 && !UML
default y if MIPS && CPU_CAVIUM_OCTEON
default y if PPC
default y if SPARC64
+config CRYPTO_LIB_MLDSA
+ tristate
+ select CRYPTO_LIB_SHA3
+ help
+ The ML-DSA library functions. Select this if your module uses any of
+ the functions from <crypto/mldsa.h>.
+
config CRYPTO_LIB_POLY1305
tristate
help
The Poly1305 library functions. Select this if your module uses any
of the functions from <crypto/poly1305.h>.
diff --git a/lib/crypto/Makefile b/lib/crypto/Makefile
index 330ab65b29c4..a0578105266f 100644
--- a/lib/crypto/Makefile
+++ b/lib/crypto/Makefile
@@ -124,10 +124,15 @@ libmd5-$(CONFIG_PPC) += powerpc/md5-asm.o
libmd5-$(CONFIG_SPARC) += sparc/md5_asm.o
endif # CONFIG_CRYPTO_LIB_MD5_ARCH
################################################################################
+obj-$(CONFIG_CRYPTO_LIB_MLDSA) += libmldsa.o
+libmldsa-y := mldsa.o
+
+################################################################################
+
obj-$(CONFIG_CRYPTO_LIB_POLY1305) += libpoly1305.o
libpoly1305-y := poly1305.o
ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARCH_SUPPORTS_INT128),y)
libpoly1305-$(CONFIG_CRYPTO_LIB_POLY1305_GENERIC) += poly1305-donna64.o
else
diff --git a/lib/crypto/mldsa.c b/lib/crypto/mldsa.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..853cf225c133
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/crypto/mldsa.c
@@ -0,0 +1,652 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+/*
+ * Support for verifying ML-DSA signatures
+ *
+ * Copyright 2025 Google LLC
+ */
+
+#include <crypto/mldsa.h>
+#include <crypto/sha3.h>
+#include <kunit/visibility.h>
+#include <linux/export.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/string.h>
+#include <linux/unaligned.h>
+
+#define Q 8380417 /* The prime q = 2^23 - 2^13 + 1 */
+#define QINV_MOD_2_32 58728449 /* Multiplicative inverse of q mod 2^32 */
+#define N 256 /* Number of components per ring element */
+#define D 13 /* Number of bits dropped from the public key vector t */
+#define RHO_LEN 32 /* Length of the public random seed in bytes */
+#define MAX_W1_ENCODED_LEN 192 /* Max encoded length of one element of w'_1 */
+
+/*
+ * The zetas array in Montgomery form, i.e. with extra factor of 2^32.
+ * Reference: FIPS 204 Section 7.5 "NTT and NTT^-1"
+ * Generated by the following Python code:
+ * q=8380417; [a%q - q*(a%q > q//2) for a in [1753**(int(f'{i:08b}'[::-1], 2)) << 32 for i in range(256)]]
+ */
+static const s32 zetas_times_2_32[N] = {
+ -4186625, 25847, -2608894, -518909, 237124, -777960, -876248,
+ 466468, 1826347, 2353451, -359251, -2091905, 3119733, -2884855,
+ 3111497, 2680103, 2725464, 1024112, -1079900, 3585928, -549488,
+ -1119584, 2619752, -2108549, -2118186, -3859737, -1399561, -3277672,
+ 1757237, -19422, 4010497, 280005, 2706023, 95776, 3077325,
+ 3530437, -1661693, -3592148, -2537516, 3915439, -3861115, -3043716,
+ 3574422, -2867647, 3539968, -300467, 2348700, -539299, -1699267,
+ -1643818, 3505694, -3821735, 3507263, -2140649, -1600420, 3699596,
+ 811944, 531354, 954230, 3881043, 3900724, -2556880, 2071892,
+ -2797779, -3930395, -1528703, -3677745, -3041255, -1452451, 3475950,
+ 2176455, -1585221, -1257611, 1939314, -4083598, -1000202, -3190144,
+ -3157330, -3632928, 126922, 3412210, -983419, 2147896, 2715295,
+ -2967645, -3693493, -411027, -2477047, -671102, -1228525, -22981,
+ -1308169, -381987, 1349076, 1852771, -1430430, -3343383, 264944,
+ 508951, 3097992, 44288, -1100098, 904516, 3958618, -3724342,
+ -8578, 1653064, -3249728, 2389356, -210977, 759969, -1316856,
+ 189548, -3553272, 3159746, -1851402, -2409325, -177440, 1315589,
+ 1341330, 1285669, -1584928, -812732, -1439742, -3019102, -3881060,
+ -3628969, 3839961, 2091667, 3407706, 2316500, 3817976, -3342478,
+ 2244091, -2446433, -3562462, 266997, 2434439, -1235728, 3513181,
+ -3520352, -3759364, -1197226, -3193378, 900702, 1859098, 909542,
+ 819034, 495491, -1613174, -43260, -522500, -655327, -3122442,
+ 2031748, 3207046, -3556995, -525098, -768622, -3595838, 342297,
+ 286988, -2437823, 4108315, 3437287, -3342277, 1735879, 203044,
+ 2842341, 2691481, -2590150, 1265009, 4055324, 1247620, 2486353,
+ 1595974, -3767016, 1250494, 2635921, -3548272, -2994039, 1869119,
+ 1903435, -1050970, -1333058, 1237275, -3318210, -1430225, -451100,
+ 1312455, 3306115, -1962642, -1279661, 1917081, -2546312, -1374803,
+ 1500165, 777191, 2235880, 3406031, -542412, -2831860, -1671176,
+ -1846953, -2584293, -3724270, 594136, -3776993, -2013608, 2432395,
+ 2454455, -164721, 1957272, 3369112, 185531, -1207385, -3183426,
+ 162844, 1616392, 3014001, 810149, 1652634, -3694233, -1799107,
+ -3038916, 3523897, 3866901, 269760, 2213111, -975884, 1717735,
+ 472078, -426683, 1723600, -1803090, 1910376, -1667432, -1104333,
+ -260646, -3833893, -2939036, -2235985, -420899, -2286327, 183443,
+ -976891, 1612842, -3545687, -554416, 3919660, -48306, -1362209,
+ 3937738, 1400424, -846154, 1976782
+};
+
+/* Reference: FIPS 204 Section 4 "Parameter Sets" */
+static const struct mldsa_parameter_set {
+ u8 k; /* num rows in the matrix A */
+ u8 l; /* num columns in the matrix A */
+ u8 ctilde_len; /* length of commitment hash ctilde in bytes; lambda/4 */
+ u8 omega; /* max num of 1's in the hint vector h */
+ u8 tau; /* num of +-1's in challenge c */
+ u8 beta; /* tau times eta */
+ u16 pk_len; /* length of public keys in bytes */
+ u16 sig_len; /* length of signatures in bytes */
+ s32 gamma1; /* coefficient range of y */
+} mldsa_parameter_sets[] = {
+ [MLDSA44] = {
+ .k = 4,
+ .l = 4,
+ .ctilde_len = 32,
+ .omega = 80,
+ .tau = 39,
+ .beta = 78,
+ .pk_len = MLDSA44_PUBLIC_KEY_SIZE,
+ .sig_len = MLDSA44_SIGNATURE_SIZE,
+ .gamma1 = 1 << 17,
+ },
+ [MLDSA65] = {
+ .k = 6,
+ .l = 5,
+ .ctilde_len = 48,
+ .omega = 55,
+ .tau = 49,
+ .beta = 196,
+ .pk_len = MLDSA65_PUBLIC_KEY_SIZE,
+ .sig_len = MLDSA65_SIGNATURE_SIZE,
+ .gamma1 = 1 << 19,
+ },
+ [MLDSA87] = {
+ .k = 8,
+ .l = 7,
+ .ctilde_len = 64,
+ .omega = 75,
+ .tau = 60,
+ .beta = 120,
+ .pk_len = MLDSA87_PUBLIC_KEY_SIZE,
+ .sig_len = MLDSA87_SIGNATURE_SIZE,
+ .gamma1 = 1 << 19,
+ },
+};
+
+/*
+ * An element of the ring R_q (normal form) or the ring T_q (NTT form). It
+ * consists of N integers mod q: either the polynomial coefficients of the R_q
+ * element or the components of the T_q element. In either case, whether they
+ * are fully reduced to [0, q - 1] varies in the different parts of the code.
+ */
+struct mldsa_ring_elem {
+ s32 x[N];
+};
+
+struct mldsa_verification_workspace {
+ /* SHAKE context for computing c, mu, and ctildeprime */
+ struct shake_ctx shake;
+ /* The fields in this union are used in their order of declaration. */
+ union {
+ /* The hash of the public key */
+ u8 tr[64];
+ /* The message representative mu */
+ u8 mu[64];
+ /* Temporary space for rej_ntt_poly() */
+ u8 block[SHAKE128_BLOCK_SIZE + 1];
+ /* Encoded element of w'_1 */
+ u8 w1_encoded[MAX_W1_ENCODED_LEN];
+ /* The commitment hash. Real length is params->ctilde_len */
+ u8 ctildeprime[64];
+ };
+ /* SHAKE context for generating elements of the matrix A */
+ struct shake_ctx a_shake;
+ /*
+ * An element of the matrix A generated from the public seed, or an
+ * element of the vector t_1 decoded from the public key and pre-scaled
+ * by 2^d. Both are in NTT form. To reduce memory usage, we generate
+ * or decode these elements only as needed.
+ */
+ union {
+ struct mldsa_ring_elem a;
+ struct mldsa_ring_elem t1_scaled;
+ };
+ /* The challenge c, generated from ctilde */
+ struct mldsa_ring_elem c;
+ /* A temporary element used during calculations */
+ struct mldsa_ring_elem tmp;
+
+ /* The following fields are variable-length: */
+
+ /* The signer's response vector */
+ struct mldsa_ring_elem z[/* l */];
+
+ /* The signer's hint vector */
+ /* u8 h[k * N]; */
+};
+
+/*
+ * Compute a * b * 2^-32 mod q. a * b must be in the range [-2^31 * q, 2^31 * q
+ * - 1] before reduction. The return value is in the range [-q + 1, q - 1].
+ *
+ * To reduce mod q efficiently, this uses Montgomery reduction with R=2^32.
+ * That's where the factor of 2^-32 comes from. The caller must include a
+ * factor of 2^32 at some point to compensate for that.
+ *
+ * To keep the input and output ranges very close to symmetric, this
+ * specifically does a "signed" Montgomery reduction. That is, when computing
+ * d = c * q^-1 mod 2^32, this chooses a representative in [S32_MIN, S32_MAX]
+ * rather than [0, U32_MAX], i.e. s32 rather than u32. This matters in the
+ * wider multiplication d * Q when d keeps its value via sign extension.
+ *
+ * Reference: FIPS 204 Appendix A "Montgomery Multiplication". But, it doesn't
+ * explain it properly: it has an off-by-one error in the upper end of the input
+ * range, it doesn't clarify that the signed version should be used, and it
+ * gives an unnecessarily large output range. A better citation is perhaps the
+ * Dilithium reference code, which functionally matches the below code and
+ * merely has the (benign) off-by-one error in its documentation.
+ */
+static inline s32 Zq_mult(s32 a, s32 b)
+{
+ /* Compute the unreduced product c. */
+ s64 c = (s64)a * b;
+
+ /*
+ * Compute d = c * q^-1 mod 2^32. Generate a signed result, as
+ * explained above, but do the actual multiplication using an unsigned
+ * type to avoid signed integer overflow which is undefined behavior.
+ */
+ s32 d = (u32)c * QINV_MOD_2_32;
+
+ /*
+ * Compute e = c - d * q. This makes the low 32 bits zero, since
+ * c - (c * q^-1) * q mod 2^32
+ * = c - c * (q^-1 * q) mod 2^32
+ * = c - c * 1 mod 2^32
+ * = c - c mod 2^32
+ * = 0 mod 2^32
+ */
+ s64 e = c - (s64)d * Q;
+
+ /* Finally, return e * 2^-32. */
+ return e >> 32;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Convert @w to its number-theoretically-transformed representation in-place.
+ * Reference: FIPS 204 Algorithm 41, NTT
+ *
+ * To prevent intermediate overflows, all input coefficients must have absolute
+ * value < q. All output components have absolute value < 9*q.
+ */
+static void ntt(struct mldsa_ring_elem *w)
+{
+ int m = 0; /* index in zetas_times_2_32 */
+
+ for (int len = 128; len >= 1; len /= 2) {
+ for (int start = 0; start < 256; start += 2 * len) {
+ const s32 z = zetas_times_2_32[++m];
+
+ for (int j = start; j < start + len; j++) {
+ s32 t = Zq_mult(z, w->x[j + len]);
+
+ w->x[j + len] = w->x[j] - t;
+ w->x[j] += t;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Convert @w from its number-theoretically-transformed representation in-place.
+ * Reference: FIPS 204 Algorithm 42, NTT^-1
+ *
+ * This also multiplies the coefficients by 2^32, undoing an extra factor of
+ * 2^-32 introduced earlier, and reduces the coefficients to [0, q - 1].
+ */
+static void invntt_and_mul_2_32(struct mldsa_ring_elem *w)
+{
+ int m = 256; /* index in zetas_times_2_32 */
+
+ /* Prevent intermediate overflows. */
+ for (int j = 0; j < 256; j++)
+ w->x[j] %= Q;
+
+ for (int len = 1; len < 256; len *= 2) {
+ for (int start = 0; start < 256; start += 2 * len) {
+ const s32 z = -zetas_times_2_32[--m];
+
+ for (int j = start; j < start + len; j++) {
+ s32 t = w->x[j];
+
+ w->x[j] = t + w->x[j + len];
+ w->x[j + len] = Zq_mult(z, t - w->x[j + len]);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ /*
+ * Multiply by 2^32 * 256^-1. 2^32 cancels the factor of 2^-32 from
+ * earlier Montgomery multiplications. 256^-1 is for NTT^-1. This
+ * itself uses Montgomery multiplication, so *another* 2^32 is needed.
+ * Thus the actual multiplicand is 2^32 * 2^32 * 256^-1 mod q = 41978.
+ *
+ * Finally, also reduce from [-q + 1, q - 1] to [0, q - 1].
+ */
+ for (int j = 0; j < 256; j++) {
+ w->x[j] = Zq_mult(w->x[j], 41978);
+ w->x[j] += (w->x[j] >> 31) & Q;
+ }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Decode an element of t_1, i.e. the high d bits of t = A*s_1 + s_2.
+ * Reference: FIPS 204 Algorithm 23, pkDecode.
+ * Also multiply it by 2^d and convert it to NTT form.
+ */
+static const u8 *decode_t1_elem(struct mldsa_ring_elem *out,
+ const u8 *t1_encoded)
+{
+ for (int j = 0; j < N; j += 4, t1_encoded += 5) {
+ u32 v = get_unaligned_le32(t1_encoded);
+
+ out->x[j + 0] = ((v >> 0) & 0x3ff) << D;
+ out->x[j + 1] = ((v >> 10) & 0x3ff) << D;
+ out->x[j + 2] = ((v >> 20) & 0x3ff) << D;
+ out->x[j + 3] = ((v >> 30) | (t1_encoded[4] << 2)) << D;
+ static_assert(0x3ff << D < Q); /* All coefficients < q. */
+ }
+ ntt(out);
+ return t1_encoded; /* Return updated pointer. */
+}
+
+/*
+ * Decode the signer's response vector 'z' from the signature.
+ * Reference: FIPS 204 Algorithm 27, sigDecode.
+ *
+ * This also validates that the coefficients of z are in range, corresponding
+ * the infinity norm check at the end of Algorithm 8, ML-DSA.Verify_internal.
+ *
+ * Finally, this also converts z to NTT form.
+ */
+static bool decode_z(struct mldsa_ring_elem z[/* l */], int l, s32 gamma1,
+ int beta, const u8 **sig_ptr)
+{
+ const u8 *sig = *sig_ptr;
+
+ for (int i = 0; i < l; i++) {
+ if (l == 4) { /* ML-DSA-44? */
+ /* 18-bit coefficients: decode 4 from 9 bytes. */
+ for (int j = 0; j < N; j += 4, sig += 9) {
+ u64 v = get_unaligned_le64(sig);
+
+ z[i].x[j + 0] = (v >> 0) & 0x3ffff;
+ z[i].x[j + 1] = (v >> 18) & 0x3ffff;
+ z[i].x[j + 2] = (v >> 36) & 0x3ffff;
+ z[i].x[j + 3] = (v >> 54) | (sig[8] << 10);
+ }
+ } else {
+ /* 20-bit coefficients: decode 4 from 10 bytes. */
+ for (int j = 0; j < N; j += 4, sig += 10) {
+ u64 v = get_unaligned_le64(sig);
+
+ z[i].x[j + 0] = (v >> 0) & 0xfffff;
+ z[i].x[j + 1] = (v >> 20) & 0xfffff;
+ z[i].x[j + 2] = (v >> 40) & 0xfffff;
+ z[i].x[j + 3] =
+ (v >> 60) |
+ (get_unaligned_le16(&sig[8]) << 4);
+ }
+ }
+ for (int j = 0; j < N; j++) {
+ z[i].x[j] = gamma1 - z[i].x[j];
+ if (z[i].x[j] <= -(gamma1 - beta) ||
+ z[i].x[j] >= gamma1 - beta)
+ return false;
+ }
+ ntt(&z[i]);
+ }
+ *sig_ptr = sig; /* Return updated pointer. */
+ return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Decode the signer's hint vector 'h' from the signature.
+ * Reference: FIPS 204 Algorithm 21, HintBitUnpack
+ *
+ * Note that there are several ways in which the hint vector can be malformed.
+ */
+static bool decode_hint_vector(u8 h[/* k * N */], int k, int omega, const u8 *y)
+{
+ int index = 0;
+
+ memset(h, 0, k * N);
+ for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
+ int count = y[omega + i]; /* num 1's in elems 0 through i */
+ int prev = -1;
+
+ /* Cumulative count mustn't decrease or exceed omega. */
+ if (count < index || count > omega)
+ return false;
+ for (; index < count; index++) {
+ if (prev >= y[index]) /* Coefficients out of order? */
+ return false;
+ prev = y[index];
+ h[i * N + y[index]] = 1;
+ }
+ }
+ return mem_is_zero(&y[index], omega - index);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Expand @seed into an element of R_q @c with coefficients in {-1, 0, 1},
+ * exactly @tau of them nonzero. Reference: FIPS 204 Algorithm 29, SampleInBall
+ */
+static void sample_in_ball(struct mldsa_ring_elem *c, const u8 *seed,
+ size_t seed_len, int tau, struct shake_ctx *shake)
+{
+ u64 signs;
+ u8 j;
+
+ shake256_init(shake);
+ shake_update(shake, seed, seed_len);
+ shake_squeeze(shake, (u8 *)&signs, sizeof(signs));
+ le64_to_cpus(&signs);
+ *c = (struct mldsa_ring_elem){};
+ for (int i = N - tau; i < N; i++, signs >>= 1) {
+ do {
+ shake_squeeze(shake, &j, 1);
+ } while (j > i);
+ c->x[i] = c->x[j];
+ c->x[j] = 1 - 2 * (s32)(signs & 1);
+ }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Expand the public seed @rho and @row_and_column into an element of T_q @out.
+ * Reference: FIPS 204 Algorithm 30, RejNTTPoly
+ *
+ * @shake and @block are temporary space used by the expansion. @block has
+ * space for one SHAKE128 block, plus an extra byte to allow reading a u32 from
+ * the final 3-byte group without reading out-of-bounds.
+ */
+static void rej_ntt_poly(struct mldsa_ring_elem *out, const u8 rho[RHO_LEN],
+ __le16 row_and_column, struct shake_ctx *shake,
+ u8 block[SHAKE128_BLOCK_SIZE + 1])
+{
+ shake128_init(shake);
+ shake_update(shake, rho, RHO_LEN);
+ shake_update(shake, (u8 *)&row_and_column, sizeof(row_and_column));
+ for (int i = 0; i < N;) {
+ shake_squeeze(shake, block, SHAKE128_BLOCK_SIZE);
+ block[SHAKE128_BLOCK_SIZE] = 0; /* for KMSAN */
+ static_assert(SHAKE128_BLOCK_SIZE % 3 == 0);
+ for (int j = 0; j < SHAKE128_BLOCK_SIZE && i < N; j += 3) {
+ u32 x = get_unaligned_le32(&block[j]) & 0x7fffff;
+
+ if (x < Q) /* Ignore values >= q. */
+ out->x[i++] = x;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the HighBits of r adjusted according to hint h
+ * Reference: FIPS 204 Algorithm 40, UseHint
+ *
+ * This is needed because of the public key compression in ML-DSA.
+ *
+ * h is either 0 or 1, r is in [0, q - 1], and gamma2 is either (q - 1) / 88 or
+ * (q - 1) / 32. Except when invoked via the unit test interface, gamma2 is a
+ * compile-time constant, so compilers will optimize the code accordingly.
+ */
+static __always_inline s32 use_hint(u8 h, s32 r, const s32 gamma2)
+{
+ const s32 m = (Q - 1) / (2 * gamma2); /* 44 or 16, compile-time const */
+ s32 r1;
+
+ /*
+ * Handle the special case where r - (r mod+- (2 * gamma2)) == q - 1,
+ * i.e. r >= q - gamma2. This is also exactly where the computation of
+ * r1 below would produce 'm' and would need a correction.
+ */
+ if (r >= Q - gamma2)
+ return h == 0 ? 0 : m - 1;
+
+ /*
+ * Compute the (non-hint-adjusted) HighBits r1 as:
+ *
+ * r1 = (r - (r mod+- (2 * gamma2))) / (2 * gamma2)
+ * = floor((r + gamma2 - 1) / (2 * gamma2))
+ *
+ * Note that when '2 * gamma2' is a compile-time constant, compilers
+ * optimize the division to a reciprocal multiplication and shift.
+ */
+ r1 = (u32)(r + gamma2 - 1) / (2 * gamma2);
+
+ /*
+ * Return the HighBits r1:
+ * + 0 if the hint is 0;
+ * + 1 (mod m) if the hint is 1 and the LowBits are positive;
+ * - 1 (mod m) if the hint is 1 and the LowBits are negative or 0.
+ *
+ * r1 is in (and remains in) [0, m - 1]. Note that when 'm' is a
+ * compile-time constant, compilers optimize the '% m' accordingly.
+ */
+ if (h == 0)
+ return r1;
+ if (r > r1 * (2 * gamma2))
+ return (u32)(r1 + 1) % m;
+ return (u32)(r1 + m - 1) % m;
+}
+
+static __always_inline void use_hint_elem(struct mldsa_ring_elem *w,
+ const u8 h[N], const s32 gamma2)
+{
+ for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)
+ w->x[j] = use_hint(h[j], w->x[j], gamma2);
+}
+
+#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_CRYPTO_LIB_MLDSA_KUNIT_TEST)
+/* Allow the __always_inline function use_hint() to be unit-tested. */
+s32 mldsa_use_hint(u8 h, s32 r, s32 gamma2)
+{
+ return use_hint(h, r, gamma2);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_IF_KUNIT(mldsa_use_hint);
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Encode one element of the commitment vector w'_1 into a byte string.
+ * Reference: FIPS 204 Algorithm 28, w1Encode.
+ * Return the number of bytes used: 192 for ML-DSA-44 and 128 for the others.
+ */
+static size_t encode_w1(u8 out[MAX_W1_ENCODED_LEN],
+ const struct mldsa_ring_elem *w1, int k)
+{
+ size_t pos = 0;
+
+ static_assert(N * 6 / 8 == MAX_W1_ENCODED_LEN);
+ if (k == 4) { /* ML-DSA-44? */
+ /* 6 bits per coefficient. Pack 4 at a time. */
+ for (int j = 0; j < N; j += 4) {
+ u32 v = (w1->x[j + 0] << 0) | (w1->x[j + 1] << 6) |
+ (w1->x[j + 2] << 12) | (w1->x[j + 3] << 18);
+ out[pos++] = v >> 0;
+ out[pos++] = v >> 8;
+ out[pos++] = v >> 16;
+ }
+ } else {
+ /* 4 bits per coefficient. Pack 2 at a time. */
+ for (int j = 0; j < N; j += 2)
+ out[pos++] = w1->x[j] | (w1->x[j + 1] << 4);
+ }
+ return pos;
+}
+
+/* Reference: FIPS 204 Section 6.3 "ML-DSA Verifying (Internal)" */
+int mldsa_verify(enum mldsa_alg alg, const u8 *sig, size_t sig_len,
+ const u8 *msg, size_t msg_len, const u8 *pk, size_t pk_len)
+{
+ const struct mldsa_parameter_set *params = &mldsa_parameter_sets[alg];
+ const int k = params->k, l = params->l;
+ /* For now this just does pure ML-DSA with an empty context string. */
+ static const u8 msg_prefix[2] = { /* dom_sep= */ 0, /* ctx_len= */ 0 };
+ const u8 *ctilde; /* The signer's commitment hash */
+ const u8 *t1_encoded = &pk[RHO_LEN]; /* Next encoded element of t_1 */
+ u8 *h; /* The signer's hint vector, length k * N */
+ size_t w1_enc_len;
+
+ /* Validate the public key and signature lengths. */
+ if (pk_len != params->pk_len || sig_len != params->sig_len)
+ return -EBADMSG;
+
+ /*
+ * Allocate the workspace, including variable-length fields. Its size
+ * depends only on the ML-DSA parameter set, not the other inputs.
+ *
+ * For freeing it, use kfree_sensitive() rather than kfree(). This is
+ * mainly to comply with FIPS 204 Section 3.6.3 "Intermediate Values".
+ * In reality it's a bit gratuitous, as this is a public key operation.
+ */
+ struct mldsa_verification_workspace *ws __free(kfree_sensitive) =
+ kmalloc(sizeof(*ws) + (l * sizeof(ws->z[0])) + (k * N),
+ GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!ws)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+ h = (u8 *)&ws->z[l];
+
+ /* Decode the signature. Reference: FIPS 204 Algorithm 27, sigDecode */
+ ctilde = sig;
+ sig += params->ctilde_len;
+ if (!decode_z(ws->z, l, params->gamma1, params->beta, &sig))
+ return -EBADMSG;
+ if (!decode_hint_vector(h, k, params->omega, sig))
+ return -EBADMSG;
+
+ /* Recreate the challenge c from the signer's commitment hash. */
+ sample_in_ball(&ws->c, ctilde, params->ctilde_len, params->tau,
+ &ws->shake);
+ ntt(&ws->c);
+
+ /* Compute the message representative mu. */
+ shake256(pk, pk_len, ws->tr, sizeof(ws->tr));
+ shake256_init(&ws->shake);
+ shake_update(&ws->shake, ws->tr, sizeof(ws->tr));
+ shake_update(&ws->shake, msg_prefix, sizeof(msg_prefix));
+ shake_update(&ws->shake, msg, msg_len);
+ shake_squeeze(&ws->shake, ws->mu, sizeof(ws->mu));
+
+ /* Start computing ctildeprime = H(mu || w1Encode(w'_1)). */
+ shake256_init(&ws->shake);
+ shake_update(&ws->shake, ws->mu, sizeof(ws->mu));
+
+ /*
+ * Compute the commitment w'_1 from A, z, c, t_1, and h.
+ *
+ * The computation is the same for each of the k rows. Just do each row
+ * before moving on to the next, resulting in only one loop over k.
+ */
+ for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
+ /*
+ * tmp = NTT(A) * NTT(z) * 2^-32
+ * To reduce memory use, generate each element of NTT(A)
+ * on-demand. Note that each element is used only once.
+ */
+ ws->tmp = (struct mldsa_ring_elem){};
+ for (int j = 0; j < l; j++) {
+ rej_ntt_poly(&ws->a, pk /* rho is first field of pk */,
+ cpu_to_le16((i << 8) | j), &ws->a_shake,
+ ws->block);
+ for (int n = 0; n < N; n++)
+ ws->tmp.x[n] +=
+ Zq_mult(ws->a.x[n], ws->z[j].x[n]);
+ }
+ /* All components of tmp now have abs value < l*q. */
+
+ /* Decode the next element of t_1. */
+ t1_encoded = decode_t1_elem(&ws->t1_scaled, t1_encoded);
+
+ /*
+ * tmp -= NTT(c) * NTT(t_1 * 2^d) * 2^-32
+ *
+ * Taking a conservative bound for the output of ntt(), the
+ * multiplicands can have absolute value up to 9*q. That
+ * corresponds to a product with absolute value 81*q^2. That is
+ * within the limits of Zq_mult() which needs < ~256*q^2.
+ */
+ for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)
+ ws->tmp.x[j] -= Zq_mult(ws->c.x[j], ws->t1_scaled.x[j]);
+ /* All components of tmp now have abs value < (l+1)*q. */
+
+ /* tmp = w'_Approx = NTT^-1(tmp) * 2^32 */
+ invntt_and_mul_2_32(&ws->tmp);
+ /* All coefficients of tmp are now in [0, q - 1]. */
+
+ /*
+ * tmp = w'_1 = UseHint(h, w'_Approx)
+ * For efficiency, set gamma2 to a compile-time constant.
+ */
+ if (k == 4)
+ use_hint_elem(&ws->tmp, &h[i * N], (Q - 1) / 88);
+ else
+ use_hint_elem(&ws->tmp, &h[i * N], (Q - 1) / 32);
+
+ /* Encode and hash the next element of w'_1. */
+ w1_enc_len = encode_w1(ws->w1_encoded, &ws->tmp, k);
+ shake_update(&ws->shake, ws->w1_encoded, w1_enc_len);
+ }
+
+ /* Finish computing ctildeprime. */
+ shake_squeeze(&ws->shake, ws->ctildeprime, params->ctilde_len);
+
+ /* Verify that ctilde == ctildeprime. */
+ if (memcmp(ws->ctildeprime, ctilde, params->ctilde_len) != 0)
+ return -EKEYREJECTED;
+ /* ||z||_infinity < gamma1 - beta was already checked in decode_z(). */
+ return 0;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mldsa_verify);
+
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("ML-DSA signature verification");
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
--
2.52.0
^ permalink raw reply related
* [PATCH v4 2/2] lib/crypto: tests: Add KUnit tests for ML-DSA verification
From: Eric Biggers @ 2025-12-14 18:17 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-crypto
Cc: David Howells, Herbert Xu, Eric Biggers, Luis Chamberlain,
Petr Pavlu, Daniel Gomez, Sami Tolvanen, Jason A . Donenfeld,
Ard Biesheuvel, Stephan Mueller, Lukas Wunner, Ignat Korchagin,
keyrings, linux-modules, linux-kernel
In-Reply-To: <20251214181712.29132-1-ebiggers@kernel.org>
Add a KUnit test suite for ML-DSA verification, including the following
for each ML-DSA parameter set (ML-DSA-44, ML-DSA-65, and ML-DSA-87):
- Positive test (valid signature), using vector imported from leancrypto
- Various negative tests:
- Wrong length for signature, message, or public key
- Out-of-range coefficients in z vector
- Invalid encoded hint vector
- Any bit flipped in signature, message, or public key
- Unit test for the internal function use_hint()
- A benchmark
ML-DSA inputs and outputs are very large. To keep the size of the tests
down, use just one valid test vector per parameter set, and generate the
negative tests at runtime by mutating the valid test vector.
I also considered importing the test vectors from Wycheproof. I've
tested that mldsa_verify() indeed passes all of Wycheproof's ML-DSA test
vectors that use an empty context string. However, importing these
permanently would add over 6 MB of source. That's too much to be a
reasonable addition to the Linux kernel tree for one algorithm. It also
wouldn't actually provide much better test coverage than this commit.
Another potential issue is that Wycheproof uses the Apache license.
Similarly, this also differs from the earlier proposal to import a long
list of test vectors from leancrypto. I retained only one valid
signature for each algorithm, and I also added (runtime-generated)
negative tests which were missing. I think this is a better tradeoff.
Reviewed-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Tested-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@kernel.org>
---
lib/crypto/tests/Kconfig | 9 +
lib/crypto/tests/Makefile | 1 +
lib/crypto/tests/mldsa-testvecs.h | 1887 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
lib/crypto/tests/mldsa_kunit.c | 438 +++++++
4 files changed, 2335 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 lib/crypto/tests/mldsa-testvecs.h
create mode 100644 lib/crypto/tests/mldsa_kunit.c
diff --git a/lib/crypto/tests/Kconfig b/lib/crypto/tests/Kconfig
index 61d435c450bb..c9165c14fc46 100644
--- a/lib/crypto/tests/Kconfig
+++ b/lib/crypto/tests/Kconfig
@@ -36,10 +36,19 @@ config CRYPTO_LIB_MD5_KUNIT_TEST
select CRYPTO_LIB_MD5
help
KUnit tests for the MD5 cryptographic hash function and its
corresponding HMAC.
+config CRYPTO_LIB_MLDSA_KUNIT_TEST
+ tristate "KUnit tests for ML-DSA" if !KUNIT_ALL_TESTS
+ depends on KUNIT
+ default KUNIT_ALL_TESTS || CRYPTO_SELFTESTS
+ select CRYPTO_LIB_BENCHMARK_VISIBLE
+ select CRYPTO_LIB_MLDSA
+ help
+ KUnit tests for the ML-DSA digital signature algorithm.
+
config CRYPTO_LIB_POLY1305_KUNIT_TEST
tristate "KUnit tests for Poly1305" if !KUNIT_ALL_TESTS
depends on KUNIT
default KUNIT_ALL_TESTS || CRYPTO_SELFTESTS
select CRYPTO_LIB_BENCHMARK_VISIBLE
diff --git a/lib/crypto/tests/Makefile b/lib/crypto/tests/Makefile
index 5109a0651925..3dde0b40b2c5 100644
--- a/lib/crypto/tests/Makefile
+++ b/lib/crypto/tests/Makefile
@@ -2,10 +2,11 @@
obj-$(CONFIG_CRYPTO_LIB_BLAKE2B_KUNIT_TEST) += blake2b_kunit.o
obj-$(CONFIG_CRYPTO_LIB_BLAKE2S_KUNIT_TEST) += blake2s_kunit.o
obj-$(CONFIG_CRYPTO_LIB_CURVE25519_KUNIT_TEST) += curve25519_kunit.o
obj-$(CONFIG_CRYPTO_LIB_MD5_KUNIT_TEST) += md5_kunit.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_CRYPTO_LIB_MLDSA_KUNIT_TEST) += mldsa_kunit.o
obj-$(CONFIG_CRYPTO_LIB_POLY1305_KUNIT_TEST) += poly1305_kunit.o
obj-$(CONFIG_CRYPTO_LIB_POLYVAL_KUNIT_TEST) += polyval_kunit.o
obj-$(CONFIG_CRYPTO_LIB_SHA1_KUNIT_TEST) += sha1_kunit.o
obj-$(CONFIG_CRYPTO_LIB_SHA256_KUNIT_TEST) += sha224_kunit.o sha256_kunit.o
obj-$(CONFIG_CRYPTO_LIB_SHA512_KUNIT_TEST) += sha384_kunit.o sha512_kunit.o
diff --git a/lib/crypto/tests/mldsa-testvecs.h b/lib/crypto/tests/mldsa-testvecs.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d2d6a042a829
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/crypto/tests/mldsa-testvecs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1887 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR BSD-3-Clause */
+/* ML-DSA test vectors extracted from leancrypto */
+
+struct mldsa_testvector {
+ enum mldsa_alg alg;
+ int sig_len;
+ int msg_len;
+ int pk_len;
+ const u8 *sig;
+ const u8 *msg;
+ const u8 *pk;
+};
+
+static const struct mldsa_testvector mldsa44_testvector = {
+ .alg = MLDSA44,
+ .pk_len = MLDSA44_PUBLIC_KEY_SIZE,
+ .pk =
+ (const u8[MLDSA44_PUBLIC_KEY_SIZE]) {
+ 0x8f, 0x61, 0x67, 0xa9, 0x7c, 0x61, 0xc2, 0xf2, 0x87,
+ 0xe2, 0x28, 0xf8, 0x44, 0x80, 0x6f, 0xb0, 0x10, 0xc1,
+ 0x14, 0xf6, 0x88, 0x42, 0x76, 0xbe, 0x05, 0xd2, 0x56,
+ 0xa0, 0xb7, 0x46, 0xcf, 0xc5, 0x76, 0x0a, 0x52, 0xfe,
+ 0xa3, 0x3c, 0x05, 0x6e, 0xd5, 0xd3, 0xbd, 0x80, 0x03,
+ 0x29, 0x25, 0x96, 0xdf, 0xa9, 0x5b, 0x12, 0x42, 0x89,
+ 0x6e, 0x03, 0x2c, 0x42, 0x64, 0xee, 0xc7, 0xf7, 0x55,
+ 0xfe, 0xfd, 0x15, 0x74, 0xee, 0x2d, 0xb3, 0xbf, 0xf2,
+ 0x24, 0xe7, 0x35, 0x45, 0x77, 0x67, 0x44, 0xd2, 0x0c,
+ 0x43, 0xfc, 0x7b, 0x47, 0x56, 0xad, 0xc5, 0xe7, 0x37,
+ 0x49, 0x21, 0x12, 0x57, 0x7f, 0xca, 0x7f, 0x5d, 0xac,
+ 0x62, 0x5b, 0x8d, 0xbf, 0xdb, 0x64, 0xac, 0x12, 0x1d,
+ 0x7f, 0x7a, 0x2f, 0xa0, 0x2c, 0xfe, 0x95, 0x4b, 0x78,
+ 0xdb, 0xf0, 0x98, 0x97, 0x70, 0x62, 0xfc, 0x64, 0x4a,
+ 0x1b, 0xbc, 0x30, 0x1b, 0x51, 0x13, 0x47, 0x6e, 0x83,
+ 0xd2, 0xa2, 0xcf, 0x39, 0xba, 0xd3, 0x00, 0x62, 0x7c,
+ 0x5b, 0xe6, 0x14, 0x55, 0xd5, 0xfc, 0xbf, 0x15, 0x65,
+ 0xd7, 0x1f, 0xbb, 0xf6, 0x2b, 0x46, 0x38, 0x1e, 0xf3,
+ 0x8f, 0x0d, 0x57, 0x8a, 0x41, 0xfb, 0x47, 0x19, 0xe1,
+ 0x79, 0xca, 0x98, 0x1a, 0x73, 0x4d, 0x8a, 0xc0, 0xa1,
+ 0xa7, 0x4a, 0x28, 0x4a, 0x92, 0x6c, 0x77, 0x4f, 0x18,
+ 0xe1, 0xce, 0x11, 0x14, 0xd5, 0xf6, 0xc0, 0xa8, 0x1e,
+ 0x26, 0x25, 0xe4, 0x30, 0xb2, 0x6f, 0x89, 0x6e, 0xc6,
+ 0x44, 0x1a, 0xd3, 0xca, 0xe1, 0x05, 0x0d, 0x61, 0x80,
+ 0xd7, 0xbc, 0x56, 0x0a, 0x57, 0x9f, 0x16, 0x40, 0x84,
+ 0x1e, 0xc0, 0x5e, 0xcd, 0xb6, 0xc8, 0x5d, 0x87, 0xd6,
+ 0xee, 0xcb, 0x21, 0x2f, 0x22, 0x9a, 0x7e, 0xea, 0x2e,
+ 0xf5, 0x87, 0xf0, 0x44, 0x10, 0x3d, 0x42, 0x6d, 0x3f,
+ 0x4f, 0xa0, 0x21, 0x8e, 0x40, 0x75, 0x3b, 0xaa, 0xd4,
+ 0xd9, 0x37, 0x0a, 0x35, 0x5b, 0xba, 0xbd, 0x11, 0x17,
+ 0x7b, 0x7e, 0xfc, 0xb1, 0x1c, 0x5c, 0x71, 0xce, 0xde,
+ 0xa5, 0xec, 0xd6, 0x8b, 0x50, 0x64, 0x02, 0xca, 0x84,
+ 0x26, 0xfe, 0x03, 0x9e, 0xaf, 0x13, 0x05, 0x1c, 0x85,
+ 0x32, 0x92, 0x85, 0x84, 0x83, 0xb6, 0x76, 0x27, 0xa7,
+ 0xd8, 0x0c, 0xa4, 0xb5, 0x65, 0x7a, 0xbf, 0x2e, 0x64,
+ 0xce, 0x82, 0x0d, 0x27, 0xd3, 0x2c, 0x9d, 0xb5, 0xa5,
+ 0x51, 0xe3, 0xab, 0xbd, 0xe2, 0xe0, 0x64, 0x71, 0x0f,
+ 0x99, 0x09, 0x6a, 0x40, 0x9d, 0x8c, 0x6d, 0x63, 0x70,
+ 0x42, 0xe2, 0xa8, 0x5c, 0x71, 0xd2, 0x88, 0x10, 0xbc,
+ 0x3b, 0x9d, 0xc8, 0x3a, 0x8a, 0xf3, 0x81, 0x0a, 0x0e,
+ 0xd8, 0xf6, 0x13, 0x90, 0xc2, 0xda, 0x4c, 0x4f, 0x6f,
+ 0x1f, 0x61, 0x0d, 0x46, 0xac, 0x5c, 0x4a, 0xcc, 0x23,
+ 0xfb, 0xf2, 0xf8, 0x9f, 0x48, 0x1f, 0xaf, 0x24, 0xb4,
+ 0xc7, 0xcb, 0x6f, 0x80, 0x74, 0xa3, 0xdb, 0xa8, 0x61,
+ 0x12, 0x60, 0x08, 0x56, 0x85, 0x47, 0x05, 0x32, 0x93,
+ 0x43, 0x9b, 0xa6, 0xf6, 0x56, 0x3b, 0xab, 0x93, 0x28,
+ 0x19, 0xda, 0xad, 0xb5, 0xaa, 0x2e, 0x83, 0x3d, 0x37,
+ 0x0e, 0x83, 0xf2, 0xfe, 0xdd, 0xe8, 0xd9, 0x53, 0x36,
+ 0x3b, 0x5d, 0x8e, 0x24, 0xa9, 0x3a, 0x8f, 0x85, 0x4b,
+ 0x50, 0xf7, 0x61, 0x0f, 0x20, 0x92, 0x09, 0x1f, 0xe4,
+ 0x24, 0x98, 0x9f, 0xa4, 0x52, 0x12, 0x2a, 0xae, 0x6f,
+ 0xd6, 0x0d, 0xb5, 0x22, 0x72, 0x83, 0xfb, 0x4f, 0xef,
+ 0xa6, 0x55, 0x9a, 0x14, 0xab, 0x82, 0x89, 0x1f, 0xf2,
+ 0x0b, 0x14, 0x76, 0xb7, 0xf7, 0x14, 0xdd, 0xd6, 0xc1,
+ 0xe8, 0xb2, 0x99, 0x23, 0x28, 0xe8, 0xa4, 0x69, 0x18,
+ 0xf6, 0x3e, 0xb1, 0xff, 0xde, 0xf2, 0x2c, 0x7c, 0x73,
+ 0x93, 0x32, 0x52, 0x06, 0xeb, 0x59, 0xb2, 0x8f, 0x2f,
+ 0x1d, 0x6a, 0x85, 0x74, 0xd3, 0xe5, 0xa1, 0x95, 0xe4,
+ 0x96, 0x1e, 0x75, 0x16, 0xe4, 0x5c, 0x40, 0xf0, 0x20,
+ 0xb1, 0x10, 0xe7, 0x2a, 0x70, 0x41, 0xac, 0x49, 0x40,
+ 0x55, 0xef, 0xd1, 0x58, 0x24, 0x6a, 0xa6, 0x20, 0xdc,
+ 0x23, 0xdc, 0x66, 0x45, 0x4f, 0x6a, 0x52, 0x3c, 0x61,
+ 0xc8, 0xfb, 0x28, 0x1e, 0x8c, 0x3f, 0xfc, 0xc7, 0x73,
+ 0x2f, 0xf1, 0xe2, 0x31, 0xee, 0xa0, 0x5f, 0x12, 0x3f,
+ 0x94, 0xe5, 0x26, 0xc0, 0x62, 0xcc, 0x67, 0x8f, 0x5d,
+ 0xfd, 0x3d, 0x8f, 0x16, 0xae, 0x4e, 0x04, 0x54, 0x5b,
+ 0x02, 0x66, 0x00, 0x70, 0xe5, 0xcc, 0xb9, 0x51, 0x8c,
+ 0x1a, 0x5d, 0xf0, 0xfe, 0x7d, 0x1b, 0x2f, 0x0a, 0x48,
+ 0x94, 0xda, 0x4b, 0xb3, 0x05, 0x75, 0x3b, 0x25, 0xda,
+ 0xf2, 0x12, 0x47, 0xe2, 0xd7, 0xbb, 0xe7, 0x05, 0xa2,
+ 0x4e, 0xaf, 0x2f, 0x29, 0x6c, 0xbd, 0x80, 0x82, 0xdf,
+ 0xbb, 0x4b, 0x9d, 0x29, 0x9b, 0xef, 0xff, 0x17, 0x2a,
+ 0xa7, 0x2f, 0x4a, 0x2e, 0xbf, 0x29, 0x38, 0xcb, 0x94,
+ 0x9c, 0x10, 0x87, 0x69, 0x57, 0x7d, 0xd7, 0xcf, 0xc1,
+ 0x57, 0x0f, 0xc2, 0x9c, 0x3b, 0x1e, 0xbc, 0x55, 0x08,
+ 0xb1, 0x50, 0xb0, 0x28, 0x79, 0x1d, 0xd9, 0x2f, 0xa5,
+ 0x12, 0xcc, 0xa7, 0x5b, 0xcb, 0x67, 0x57, 0x13, 0x4a,
+ 0xb3, 0xd5, 0x34, 0xea, 0xd9, 0x6b, 0x15, 0x17, 0x1f,
+ 0xe7, 0x52, 0x2a, 0x11, 0xdf, 0xab, 0x3a, 0x8d, 0x1b,
+ 0xaa, 0xfa, 0x54, 0xf0, 0x20, 0x94, 0x40, 0x2d, 0x3e,
+ 0xf2, 0xa2, 0x8b, 0xbb, 0x86, 0xce, 0x29, 0x87, 0xb1,
+ 0xfa, 0x27, 0xf2, 0x5a, 0x79, 0xc2, 0xf8, 0xe9, 0xf2,
+ 0x7c, 0x5a, 0xcd, 0x45, 0x8e, 0x8b, 0xba, 0xad, 0x13,
+ 0x52, 0x79, 0xd5, 0x0f, 0x59, 0xfb, 0x07, 0x15, 0x1f,
+ 0xb3, 0xe6, 0xc8, 0x66, 0xf7, 0x37, 0x19, 0xd8, 0x33,
+ 0xdd, 0xc1, 0xb3, 0x96, 0x4b, 0x28, 0x43, 0xf8, 0x5e,
+ 0xc7, 0xe8, 0x81, 0x6e, 0xd0, 0xb2, 0x5a, 0x3d, 0xf1,
+ 0x68, 0x8f, 0xf0, 0xf5, 0x1a, 0x6d, 0xc3, 0xaa, 0x5b,
+ 0x72, 0x27, 0xbd, 0xd6, 0x7c, 0x9b, 0xbf, 0x89, 0x6a,
+ 0x09, 0xf0, 0x48, 0xf0, 0x8c, 0x27, 0x69, 0x28, 0xf3,
+ 0x5f, 0x53, 0xe3, 0x4d, 0x60, 0x4a, 0xb8, 0xc5, 0xf9,
+ 0x85, 0x07, 0x3e, 0xfb, 0xd7, 0x21, 0x69, 0xd5, 0xec,
+ 0x18, 0x68, 0xb6, 0x55, 0x15, 0xac, 0x2e, 0x0f, 0x5c,
+ 0x2e, 0x9e, 0x12, 0x10, 0x5e, 0xc6, 0xb3, 0xcd, 0xe6,
+ 0x3a, 0x2f, 0x43, 0xf6, 0x75, 0x31, 0x3c, 0x90, 0x34,
+ 0x1c, 0x3d, 0x45, 0xaa, 0x8e, 0x08, 0xcf, 0x58, 0x67,
+ 0x34, 0xd4, 0x24, 0xb8, 0x20, 0x69, 0xfe, 0xf0, 0x33,
+ 0xe9, 0x3e, 0xbd, 0xe5, 0x18, 0x9f, 0x66, 0xc9, 0x0d,
+ 0x6f, 0x47, 0x99, 0xf7, 0x0c, 0xdd, 0xad, 0x8c, 0x6b,
+ 0x80, 0xed, 0x19, 0x61, 0x8a, 0xba, 0x62, 0x2f, 0xcc,
+ 0x0e, 0x47, 0xe0, 0xc6, 0x1f, 0x2f, 0x44, 0x40, 0x17,
+ 0xb6, 0x89, 0xc6, 0xf5, 0xc2, 0x97, 0x89, 0x38, 0x6c,
+ 0x8e, 0x2c, 0x46, 0x0b, 0x6e, 0x01, 0x47, 0xd3, 0x2f,
+ 0x58, 0xf8, 0xc7, 0x3b, 0x49, 0xb2, 0x35, 0x9f, 0x67,
+ 0xc9, 0x6c, 0xde, 0x30, 0x3b, 0x50, 0x19, 0x65, 0xbb,
+ 0x73, 0xa1, 0x47, 0x01, 0x6a, 0x3d, 0xe3, 0x85, 0x4d,
+ 0xd0, 0x72, 0x0d, 0xbc, 0x81, 0x52, 0xe8, 0x1a, 0x8b,
+ 0x85, 0x4c, 0x6f, 0x0e, 0xfc, 0x59, 0x84, 0x7a, 0xf2,
+ 0x28, 0x3e, 0x02, 0xcb, 0xe2, 0x4a, 0xbf, 0xac, 0x22,
+ 0x34, 0x86, 0xe4, 0x7d, 0x6b, 0xa3, 0x52, 0xac, 0xff,
+ 0xe5, 0xbe, 0x0c, 0x8d, 0xf5, 0xd8, 0xfd, 0x5a, 0x3d,
+ 0xad, 0x0d, 0xc0, 0x02, 0xd0, 0x58, 0x8e, 0x7c, 0x50,
+ 0x7c, 0x09, 0xc0, 0xdb, 0xd7, 0xdf, 0xe0, 0xb2, 0x6f,
+ 0xb2, 0x79, 0x0d, 0xc1, 0xa0, 0xb1, 0x7e, 0xe3, 0x0d,
+ 0xfc, 0x93, 0x43, 0x8c, 0x86, 0x68, 0xa6, 0x51, 0x93,
+ 0x42, 0xb7, 0xcd, 0x13, 0x56, 0x6e, 0xdc, 0x63, 0x51,
+ 0x23, 0xcf, 0x29, 0xc5, 0x5a, 0x66, 0x43, 0x80, 0xfe,
+ 0x28, 0x15, 0x71, 0x52, 0x87, 0xe2, 0x18, 0x10, 0xad,
+ 0x94, 0x47, 0x2f, 0xe3, 0x5d, 0x7a, 0x02, 0x6d, 0x31,
+ 0x58, 0xae, 0x2f, 0x96, 0x53, 0x1b, 0x6c, 0x0e, 0x25,
+ 0xea, 0x41, 0xd3, 0x29, 0x27, 0x22, 0x24, 0x8d, 0x1d,
+ 0x8e, 0xd1, 0x33, 0x76, 0x67, 0x7d, 0x9d, 0xd9, 0xa7,
+ 0x3e, 0x61, 0xd0, 0xad, 0x93, 0xb9, 0xdf, 0x87, 0x3a,
+ 0x7b, 0x89, 0xc7, 0x1d, 0x91, 0xec, 0x43, 0xa4, 0xdc,
+ 0x02, 0x88, 0x2e, 0xaa, 0xb2, 0x58, 0xa5, 0xd3, 0x68,
+ 0x9c, 0x9f, 0x60, 0x12, 0xc8, 0x7e, 0x7d, 0x40, 0x80,
+ 0xfd, 0xb4, 0xbf, 0x56, 0xf4, 0x01, 0x39, 0x3d, 0xa0,
+ 0x34, 0x48, 0x79, 0x75, 0xe2, 0x0f, 0x60, 0x09, 0x42,
+ 0x11, 0x6f, 0xa5, 0x31, 0x46, 0xb7, 0x03, 0xc8, 0x61,
+ 0x53, 0x39, 0x1e, 0xf4, 0x99, 0x36, 0x7d, 0xc0, 0x87,
+ 0xda, 0x63, 0x71, 0x9b, 0x29, 0x7b, 0x4e, 0x6f, 0x09,
+ 0xa2, 0x2c, 0xa5, 0xc2, 0xb9, 0xe7, 0xe0, 0x56, 0x8b,
+ 0x1d, 0xbb, 0xcc, 0x34, 0x8c, 0xbc, 0xb6, 0x0a, 0xc9,
+ 0xfa, 0x4a, 0x31, 0x63, 0x0d, 0x30, 0xff, 0x59, 0x3d,
+ 0x8c, 0x4d, 0x74, 0x28, 0xf4, 0xe9, 0x97, 0x43, 0x05,
+ 0x3a, 0x33, 0x51, 0x51, 0xe4, 0x0e, 0x33, 0xae, 0x2c,
+ 0xda, 0x28, 0x83, 0x93, 0x4e, 0xfe, 0x37, 0x1d, 0x6c,
+ 0x25, 0x1e, 0x24, 0xbc, 0x3a, 0x5c, 0x68, 0xac, 0x54,
+ 0x3a, 0x47, 0x74, 0x35, 0xff, 0x37, 0x80, 0x12, 0x30,
+ 0xd7, 0x31, 0x2a, 0x49, 0x51, 0x2d, 0x4f, 0xd2, 0x9c,
+ 0xca, 0x55, 0x87, 0xd0, 0x41, 0x86, 0xc7, 0xf2, 0xda,
+ 0xf8, 0x4b, 0x08, 0x23, 0xb3, 0x00, 0xb7, 0xb6, 0x4f,
+ 0x2e, 0xaf, 0xb8, 0x8e, 0xb1, 0x44, 0xe1, 0xed, 0x67,
+ 0xf8, 0x80, 0xa7, 0x04, 0xa0, 0x66, 0xe6, 0xb5, 0x69,
+ 0xca, 0x95, 0x71, 0xc8, 0x0d, 0x3d, 0xf6, 0x77, 0xfd,
+ 0x2c, 0x95, 0xed, 0xe5, 0x22, 0x43, 0xd9,
+ },
+ .msg_len = 64,
+ .msg =
+ (const u8[64]) {
+ 0x6d, 0xb3, 0x8e, 0x80, 0xaf, 0x5f, 0x19, 0xd9,
+ 0xb0, 0xcf, 0xad, 0x58, 0xc7, 0x27, 0xae, 0x12,
+ 0x4e, 0x7d, 0xa3, 0x1a, 0xe3, 0x85, 0xc6, 0xaa,
+ 0xf6, 0xa1, 0x9a, 0xb1, 0xe9, 0xe0, 0xfe, 0x89,
+ 0x1e, 0xc5, 0x6f, 0x10, 0x18, 0x24, 0xab, 0xa8,
+ 0x6d, 0x03, 0xd0, 0x3d, 0xc3, 0xff, 0x67, 0xe7,
+ 0x3a, 0x95, 0x94, 0xc8, 0x49, 0x51, 0x8f, 0xa0,
+ 0x65, 0xcb, 0x20, 0x29, 0x2a, 0x6d, 0xf7, 0xf2,
+ },
+ .sig_len = MLDSA44_SIGNATURE_SIZE,
+ .sig =
+ (const u8[MLDSA44_SIGNATURE_SIZE]) {
+ 0x5e, 0x05, 0x37, 0xe2, 0xc1, 0x20, 0xce, 0x7b, 0x8a,
+ 0xdf, 0xf2, 0x22, 0x61, 0x17, 0x58, 0xaa, 0x3c, 0xe4,
+ 0x82, 0x9c, 0x0e, 0xb6, 0x1f, 0xb4, 0x98, 0x0f, 0xba,
+ 0x8e, 0x51, 0x15, 0x67, 0x76, 0x0b, 0x98, 0x63, 0xda,
+ 0x17, 0xd3, 0xbb, 0xbe, 0x16, 0x29, 0x71, 0xab, 0xba,
+ 0x99, 0xed, 0x3f, 0xd4, 0xc2, 0x16, 0x71, 0xb6, 0x21,
+ 0x87, 0x48, 0xaa, 0xb5, 0x39, 0x5e, 0xfb, 0x5d, 0x68,
+ 0x3b, 0xd3, 0x60, 0xf4, 0x5b, 0x85, 0x2a, 0x5b, 0xb5,
+ 0xce, 0x6e, 0xf3, 0x39, 0xc3, 0xbe, 0x96, 0xa7, 0x61,
+ 0xc9, 0xbf, 0xdf, 0x33, 0x1d, 0xec, 0xb9, 0x2b, 0x7a,
+ 0x05, 0xce, 0x1e, 0xd9, 0x46, 0x70, 0xca, 0x54, 0xbf,
+ 0xdc, 0x46, 0x9e, 0x2f, 0x29, 0x18, 0x57, 0x96, 0x84,
+ 0xac, 0xe9, 0xd7, 0x74, 0xeb, 0x8e, 0x6b, 0xec, 0x46,
+ 0x9a, 0x2a, 0xfa, 0xde, 0x80, 0x09, 0x53, 0xd9, 0xeb,
+ 0x9d, 0xf7, 0xaa, 0xe2, 0xe5, 0xdc, 0xc3, 0xd9, 0x70,
+ 0xe5, 0x8b, 0xa8, 0xba, 0x2b, 0x41, 0x72, 0x92, 0x25,
+ 0xaf, 0xd9, 0xb4, 0x5a, 0x53, 0xb7, 0xcc, 0x1d, 0x69,
+ 0xf1, 0x53, 0x5b, 0x52, 0x38, 0xbc, 0x47, 0x24, 0x8c,
+ 0x1d, 0x28, 0x5d, 0x5c, 0x1c, 0xc9, 0x9d, 0xea, 0x1c,
+ 0xb1, 0xb3, 0x49, 0x68, 0xd5, 0xad, 0xdc, 0x47, 0x58,
+ 0x6d, 0x38, 0x33, 0xe7, 0x9b, 0xaa, 0x89, 0xb1, 0x96,
+ 0x0b, 0xcb, 0xc4, 0x24, 0x73, 0xf2, 0xe7, 0xb6, 0xca,
+ 0x74, 0x55, 0x1b, 0xb5, 0xb7, 0x9e, 0x2e, 0xe3, 0x3a,
+ 0x32, 0x5d, 0x1d, 0x6e, 0x15, 0xe6, 0xb8, 0xfb, 0xce,
+ 0x57, 0x81, 0x15, 0xb5, 0xcf, 0x67, 0x2b, 0x55, 0x4c,
+ 0x85, 0x6f, 0x28, 0xa6, 0xbb, 0xb4, 0x28, 0x76, 0x91,
+ 0xa4, 0x29, 0xa1, 0x50, 0x7c, 0xed, 0x9a, 0xfc, 0xe4,
+ 0xbc, 0xd7, 0x28, 0x62, 0x28, 0x61, 0x4d, 0x8d, 0x8c,
+ 0x5a, 0x5e, 0x4d, 0x1d, 0x5e, 0x73, 0xcc, 0x0b, 0x9d,
+ 0x56, 0x73, 0xc7, 0xf2, 0x26, 0xf7, 0x7e, 0x61, 0xa4,
+ 0x86, 0xf5, 0x1c, 0xd1, 0x00, 0xd0, 0x31, 0xc5, 0x03,
+ 0x17, 0x1c, 0xec, 0x04, 0xe5, 0xc7, 0x13, 0xb6, 0x81,
+ 0x78, 0x3d, 0x27, 0x87, 0x36, 0xf3, 0x2a, 0x59, 0x96,
+ 0xeb, 0x44, 0xfd, 0xb9, 0x95, 0xb7, 0x76, 0xb1, 0x08,
+ 0xc4, 0x98, 0xb1, 0x08, 0x36, 0x2a, 0x63, 0x72, 0x4f,
+ 0xef, 0x47, 0xfc, 0x84, 0x09, 0x18, 0x60, 0xb7, 0x8a,
+ 0xff, 0xae, 0x32, 0x3c, 0x79, 0xdf, 0xd6, 0x24, 0xbe,
+ 0x9c, 0x38, 0x68, 0x92, 0xde, 0x81, 0x80, 0x22, 0x06,
+ 0xf2, 0xe4, 0xde, 0x75, 0x4e, 0xd6, 0x36, 0x93, 0x44,
+ 0xd1, 0xa4, 0x2e, 0x2e, 0x05, 0x87, 0xbd, 0xf7, 0xc5,
+ 0xc8, 0x1c, 0x7b, 0x00, 0xe8, 0x11, 0x7f, 0xc2, 0x39,
+ 0x4b, 0x7b, 0x97, 0x11, 0x92, 0x6c, 0xff, 0x89, 0x7f,
+ 0x26, 0x89, 0x4f, 0x38, 0xfd, 0xdd, 0x08, 0xa7, 0xce,
+ 0x6f, 0xe8, 0x57, 0x9b, 0x46, 0xe5, 0xdb, 0x72, 0x03,
+ 0x1e, 0x7d, 0xb0, 0x77, 0xb9, 0xcc, 0xdb, 0x6c, 0xa7,
+ 0xd8, 0x30, 0x34, 0xad, 0xa7, 0xe4, 0x63, 0xf0, 0x19,
+ 0x0e, 0x5d, 0x3b, 0xe0, 0xff, 0x40, 0x1c, 0xa5, 0xb3,
+ 0xb9, 0x87, 0x6e, 0x2c, 0xf3, 0x5f, 0xcd, 0x54, 0x2a,
+ 0xc0, 0x6e, 0x2b, 0xd9, 0x2d, 0xcc, 0xd5, 0x68, 0x95,
+ 0x4a, 0x4a, 0x84, 0x60, 0x54, 0xee, 0xa0, 0x21, 0x9e,
+ 0x8d, 0x20, 0xcb, 0xe8, 0xc5, 0x5a, 0xba, 0xe2, 0xaa,
+ 0x6e, 0x1c, 0xb1, 0xdf, 0x18, 0x9f, 0x94, 0xc7, 0x77,
+ 0x5a, 0x2c, 0x0e, 0x05, 0xaa, 0x2a, 0x54, 0x58, 0x6c,
+ 0xb3, 0x2e, 0x2f, 0xa4, 0x6e, 0x98, 0xbb, 0x6f, 0x41,
+ 0x6d, 0xbd, 0x71, 0x95, 0xe4, 0xbc, 0x13, 0x37, 0x99,
+ 0x0d, 0xac, 0x27, 0x69, 0xb9, 0x0b, 0x14, 0x5f, 0x6e,
+ 0xd2, 0x2b, 0xe2, 0x0c, 0xc6, 0xbc, 0x10, 0x11, 0x47,
+ 0xb7, 0x37, 0x2c, 0x0e, 0x88, 0xcd, 0xbb, 0xf7, 0x28,
+ 0xd6, 0x4a, 0x9d, 0xff, 0x3c, 0x2f, 0x7d, 0x2b, 0xe8,
+ 0xe8, 0x9e, 0xae, 0x7b, 0xe6, 0x2a, 0xb3, 0x4e, 0x20,
+ 0xcc, 0xf1, 0x81, 0x8e, 0xed, 0x6d, 0xe2, 0x99, 0xf5,
+ 0xb5, 0x1a, 0x30, 0x95, 0x52, 0x34, 0xf5, 0x3f, 0xc3,
+ 0x31, 0xd6, 0xbe, 0xa2, 0xc8, 0xdc, 0xe4, 0x1c, 0xf6,
+ 0x0f, 0x4d, 0x0b, 0x89, 0x8e, 0x66, 0x93, 0x88, 0xb8,
+ 0xad, 0xbc, 0xdc, 0x96, 0x01, 0x9f, 0x16, 0x70, 0xf5,
+ 0x4f, 0xa4, 0x0e, 0x0f, 0xc3, 0xf6, 0x9c, 0xe1, 0xa1,
+ 0xe3, 0xec, 0x9d, 0x09, 0xcd, 0x90, 0x52, 0x26, 0x09,
+ 0xd9, 0x9c, 0xde, 0xbd, 0xdf, 0xbb, 0xf4, 0x50, 0xd1,
+ 0x89, 0x68, 0xf6, 0x86, 0x53, 0x33, 0x5a, 0xf6, 0x54,
+ 0xb5, 0x7c, 0xe1, 0xd7, 0x8d, 0xb8, 0x58, 0xf5, 0xda,
+ 0x14, 0xc8, 0x35, 0x1c, 0xcf, 0x44, 0x62, 0xbc, 0xd7,
+ 0xe3, 0xd8, 0x32, 0xcf, 0x16, 0xf5, 0x2f, 0x55, 0x23,
+ 0xc0, 0x1b, 0xc4, 0xe3, 0x28, 0xc8, 0xc8, 0x97, 0x70,
+ 0x8b, 0x06, 0x98, 0xfb, 0xf6, 0x33, 0x6b, 0x86, 0x1c,
+ 0xdb, 0x2a, 0x3c, 0x08, 0x08, 0x57, 0xd3, 0x4a, 0xf8,
+ 0x22, 0x26, 0x78, 0x65, 0x5f, 0xa6, 0xf8, 0x9f, 0x22,
+ 0x76, 0x62, 0xb0, 0x08, 0x68, 0x70, 0xea, 0x72, 0x57,
+ 0x6b, 0xe7, 0xf7, 0xc6, 0x12, 0x9a, 0x49, 0x50, 0xa9,
+ 0xa5, 0x6c, 0xe7, 0xda, 0xb4, 0xbf, 0xb6, 0xbf, 0x4f,
+ 0xdf, 0x9e, 0x9b, 0xb4, 0xb3, 0x8d, 0x1a, 0x12, 0x16,
+ 0x68, 0xd2, 0x63, 0xae, 0x92, 0x77, 0x1f, 0x03, 0xa5,
+ 0xed, 0x58, 0x3b, 0xe9, 0x0b, 0xfe, 0xfc, 0xae, 0x53,
+ 0x0b, 0x5f, 0x13, 0xf2, 0xd2, 0xe2, 0x0b, 0xec, 0x75,
+ 0x85, 0x68, 0x0c, 0x57, 0xde, 0x1b, 0x6d, 0x78, 0x0b,
+ 0x19, 0x66, 0xa8, 0xf5, 0x45, 0x72, 0x2b, 0x01, 0x06,
+ 0xf6, 0xd1, 0x47, 0x21, 0x24, 0x07, 0xf7, 0x71, 0x03,
+ 0xbc, 0xb0, 0x7c, 0x5b, 0x5c, 0x24, 0xff, 0x74, 0x47,
+ 0x62, 0x81, 0xc3, 0x0b, 0x31, 0x76, 0x90, 0x5b, 0xef,
+ 0x95, 0xa8, 0xa7, 0x02, 0xa1, 0xbf, 0xe1, 0xf4, 0x16,
+ 0x06, 0x8a, 0x97, 0x39, 0x35, 0xcf, 0xf3, 0xa7, 0x4a,
+ 0x43, 0xba, 0x05, 0x95, 0x7d, 0x73, 0x76, 0x7a, 0x53,
+ 0xef, 0xf8, 0x4e, 0xcb, 0x04, 0x70, 0x4c, 0xee, 0xff,
+ 0x82, 0xbd, 0xcd, 0xc1, 0xbe, 0x3d, 0x83, 0x71, 0x03,
+ 0xf0, 0xc0, 0x2b, 0x98, 0xf9, 0x60, 0x54, 0x02, 0x7d,
+ 0xa6, 0x41, 0xcc, 0xa3, 0xd7, 0x8d, 0xfd, 0xce, 0x28,
+ 0xae, 0x0f, 0x48, 0x17, 0x2a, 0xaf, 0xe9, 0xb9, 0x4a,
+ 0x8a, 0x22, 0xd2, 0x4d, 0xd3, 0x1b, 0xa3, 0x39, 0x88,
+ 0x8a, 0x8f, 0x5b, 0x44, 0x97, 0xb9, 0x04, 0x1b, 0x58,
+ 0x67, 0x74, 0x2f, 0x07, 0x7a, 0x52, 0xa9, 0x9d, 0xa4,
+ 0x41, 0x28, 0xf2, 0x35, 0xca, 0x68, 0x4e, 0x4a, 0x3a,
+ 0x66, 0xb9, 0x88, 0x2e, 0x65, 0x1d, 0x47, 0x04, 0xed,
+ 0xdb, 0xe1, 0x40, 0x12, 0x06, 0x13, 0x62, 0x28, 0x3d,
+ 0x0b, 0x35, 0x06, 0xc6, 0x2b, 0xb3, 0x71, 0x3c, 0xfa,
+ 0x77, 0xec, 0x47, 0x93, 0x78, 0x36, 0x25, 0x19, 0xd7,
+ 0x70, 0x30, 0x8a, 0x4c, 0x94, 0xdc, 0x3e, 0xeb, 0x61,
+ 0x25, 0xbc, 0xa0, 0x27, 0xd9, 0x17, 0xa5, 0x19, 0x4f,
+ 0xf4, 0x93, 0x32, 0x56, 0x9a, 0x0b, 0x77, 0xb4, 0x55,
+ 0x1b, 0x8f, 0x9e, 0x69, 0x5b, 0xe2, 0x6d, 0x70, 0x15,
+ 0x79, 0x5c, 0xf6, 0xb6, 0x04, 0xa2, 0x01, 0x37, 0x74,
+ 0x20, 0xb8, 0x62, 0xf6, 0x37, 0x3c, 0xab, 0xca, 0x71,
+ 0xa5, 0x8a, 0x56, 0x5d, 0x6a, 0x4a, 0x61, 0x2e, 0xb8,
+ 0x62, 0x7d, 0x47, 0x34, 0x7d, 0xcd, 0x4d, 0x70, 0x23,
+ 0xf5, 0xaa, 0xd1, 0xa5, 0xf0, 0x4c, 0x38, 0xc3, 0x98,
+ 0x79, 0x4c, 0x0b, 0x6b, 0xcc, 0xe7, 0xd7, 0x09, 0xae,
+ 0x23, 0x9b, 0x2f, 0xde, 0x70, 0xc6, 0xad, 0x0f, 0x66,
+ 0xb5, 0x78, 0x6b, 0x0b, 0xb0, 0x2e, 0x94, 0xf2, 0xa8,
+ 0x8b, 0x74, 0xf0, 0x03, 0x47, 0xd8, 0xec, 0xe8, 0x1f,
+ 0xa3, 0x7b, 0x38, 0x9e, 0x0e, 0xc0, 0x47, 0xd2, 0x0f,
+ 0x8e, 0x7f, 0xb1, 0x83, 0xd3, 0x86, 0x79, 0x3c, 0xa1,
+ 0xae, 0xc4, 0xaf, 0xae, 0x9d, 0x83, 0xc0, 0xd1, 0x2b,
+ 0x2b, 0xda, 0x50, 0x8c, 0xea, 0x41, 0x97, 0x9b, 0x0f,
+ 0x15, 0xc2, 0xe2, 0x8f, 0x39, 0x0b, 0x92, 0xdd, 0xde,
+ 0x52, 0x62, 0x74, 0xdc, 0xda, 0x11, 0x87, 0x4d, 0xa9,
+ 0x4a, 0xc5, 0x2f, 0xae, 0xaf, 0xc1, 0xc3, 0x05, 0xfa,
+ 0x38, 0xcc, 0x5c, 0xb1, 0x9f, 0xe0, 0x82, 0x90, 0xb3,
+ 0xd5, 0xdc, 0xf4, 0x55, 0xdb, 0xea, 0x94, 0x06, 0x7c,
+ 0x2c, 0x82, 0x78, 0xeb, 0xa5, 0x01, 0xf0, 0x3d, 0x4b,
+ 0x87, 0xdd, 0xd5, 0x91, 0x4f, 0xf3, 0xa7, 0xdf, 0xa1,
+ 0xd8, 0x31, 0xde, 0x05, 0x99, 0x67, 0x3d, 0xa4, 0x6b,
+ 0x19, 0xa3, 0xe8, 0x55, 0xb7, 0xf5, 0xc3, 0x63, 0x5e,
+ 0xd4, 0x38, 0xf9, 0x24, 0x64, 0x7d, 0x17, 0xc1, 0x07,
+ 0xbe, 0x39, 0x54, 0x1b, 0x44, 0xe5, 0xc6, 0x3c, 0x02,
+ 0xb1, 0x6f, 0xff, 0x8c, 0xcb, 0x79, 0xe2, 0xec, 0x4d,
+ 0x01, 0xfa, 0x7f, 0x88, 0x1d, 0xc3, 0x4c, 0x6a, 0xfb,
+ 0x0b, 0xc6, 0x57, 0xc3, 0xd8, 0x24, 0x47, 0x41, 0xbd,
+ 0x27, 0xc4, 0xd4, 0x49, 0xfb, 0x52, 0xe6, 0x77, 0x5f,
+ 0x0a, 0xdf, 0xea, 0xd5, 0xd3, 0x22, 0xc3, 0x53, 0x16,
+ 0xf3, 0x1b, 0x7b, 0x09, 0xd7, 0x10, 0x0e, 0x23, 0xae,
+ 0x16, 0x8a, 0x93, 0xcb, 0xc9, 0xb7, 0xb8, 0xff, 0xd2,
+ 0x50, 0x1f, 0x25, 0xa7, 0x71, 0x8f, 0x3f, 0xc0, 0xe1,
+ 0x37, 0x10, 0x0b, 0x43, 0x6e, 0x2b, 0x16, 0x59, 0x8f,
+ 0x77, 0x77, 0x6b, 0x77, 0xce, 0x76, 0x6b, 0x37, 0x81,
+ 0xaf, 0x83, 0x42, 0x92, 0x93, 0xe5, 0x39, 0xca, 0xd2,
+ 0x20, 0x2e, 0xcf, 0x24, 0x26, 0x4c, 0x51, 0x1c, 0x58,
+ 0xc5, 0x8d, 0x05, 0x11, 0xdf, 0xae, 0x51, 0x38, 0xde,
+ 0xab, 0x4e, 0x04, 0xc8, 0x24, 0x24, 0x0d, 0xd5, 0x9c,
+ 0x5b, 0x2b, 0xe6, 0x0d, 0x83, 0x95, 0xcd, 0x1c, 0x89,
+ 0xa1, 0xaf, 0x67, 0x47, 0xfb, 0x08, 0x02, 0xf8, 0x8b,
+ 0x63, 0x05, 0x73, 0x20, 0x64, 0xd7, 0x52, 0x15, 0xa4,
+ 0x5d, 0x63, 0x73, 0x73, 0x12, 0x0b, 0xdd, 0xfe, 0x9f,
+ 0xb7, 0xe8, 0xa8, 0x94, 0x3a, 0x86, 0xff, 0xcf, 0x7d,
+ 0x24, 0xbd, 0xb9, 0xea, 0x68, 0x23, 0xf4, 0x07, 0xc3,
+ 0xfe, 0x63, 0xd0, 0xab, 0x65, 0x8a, 0xf0, 0x6d, 0x81,
+ 0x8c, 0xc8, 0x0e, 0xc6, 0x6b, 0xdd, 0x2e, 0x65, 0x9b,
+ 0x17, 0xcf, 0x82, 0x69, 0x46, 0xba, 0x62, 0x5d, 0x31,
+ 0x33, 0x60, 0x18, 0x94, 0xa5, 0x77, 0x24, 0xc6, 0x45,
+ 0xe5, 0xb3, 0xd5, 0x12, 0x10, 0xc9, 0x22, 0x98, 0xf9,
+ 0xca, 0x20, 0x89, 0x79, 0x04, 0x08, 0xf5, 0x1c, 0xf8,
+ 0x50, 0x8c, 0x25, 0xaa, 0x90, 0x90, 0x44, 0xbc, 0xfb,
+ 0x5d, 0x3f, 0xf8, 0x38, 0x64, 0xca, 0x8d, 0xff, 0x17,
+ 0xce, 0x70, 0x51, 0x90, 0x75, 0x6b, 0x7d, 0x64, 0x43,
+ 0x56, 0xcd, 0xf8, 0x85, 0x93, 0x65, 0x09, 0x81, 0x30,
+ 0x76, 0x79, 0xcc, 0xdf, 0x9c, 0x6d, 0xff, 0x89, 0x38,
+ 0x60, 0xbf, 0x07, 0xcb, 0x2f, 0xc9, 0x87, 0xd7, 0xac,
+ 0x74, 0x19, 0x57, 0x90, 0x5e, 0x69, 0x61, 0xf6, 0xca,
+ 0xea, 0x45, 0x6b, 0xe2, 0xfe, 0x2c, 0xff, 0x1b, 0x23,
+ 0x15, 0x52, 0xdd, 0x57, 0xfe, 0x1d, 0x10, 0xea, 0x0f,
+ 0xce, 0x98, 0xe7, 0x47, 0x27, 0xec, 0x36, 0xe5, 0x68,
+ 0x17, 0xcf, 0xdc, 0xb9, 0xef, 0x6a, 0xbc, 0xec, 0x78,
+ 0x08, 0x64, 0x06, 0xe1, 0x1c, 0xc6, 0x87, 0xd6, 0x0a,
+ 0xb1, 0x81, 0xc6, 0xb6, 0xf8, 0x8b, 0xe3, 0x19, 0x8c,
+ 0xce, 0x46, 0x40, 0xc5, 0xc2, 0xae, 0x50, 0x26, 0x4a,
+ 0x90, 0x91, 0x8d, 0xfe, 0x6b, 0x7d, 0x0a, 0x54, 0x4a,
+ 0x4b, 0x48, 0x74, 0x4a, 0x37, 0x21, 0x7f, 0xdd, 0x87,
+ 0xa3, 0x1e, 0xac, 0xcd, 0xf5, 0x9e, 0x75, 0xa2, 0x52,
+ 0x63, 0x76, 0xca, 0x9e, 0x02, 0xeb, 0xe6, 0xa6, 0x73,
+ 0xad, 0xea, 0xe8, 0x3e, 0x6f, 0x44, 0xed, 0xe8, 0x01,
+ 0x29, 0x19, 0x6a, 0x20, 0x35, 0xa7, 0xf0, 0xf1, 0xaf,
+ 0xc0, 0x3b, 0xb1, 0xd5, 0xe4, 0xfb, 0xf7, 0xd7, 0x2f,
+ 0x33, 0x6c, 0x73, 0xfd, 0xe5, 0x5c, 0x63, 0xf6, 0x1c,
+ 0x06, 0x13, 0xaf, 0xc1, 0x80, 0x55, 0x07, 0xae, 0x8c,
+ 0x13, 0x74, 0xf6, 0xe0, 0x54, 0x15, 0xd8, 0xe0, 0xa5,
+ 0x03, 0xcf, 0x22, 0xbe, 0x18, 0xef, 0x26, 0xad, 0x9c,
+ 0x9d, 0x51, 0xb1, 0x3b, 0x37, 0x03, 0xbf, 0xf0, 0xc5,
+ 0xcb, 0x6c, 0x5d, 0x30, 0xa9, 0x5a, 0x10, 0x90, 0xfa,
+ 0xb4, 0xd4, 0x0e, 0x6b, 0x4a, 0x0a, 0x6c, 0x9d, 0x2e,
+ 0x69, 0xe8, 0xec, 0x69, 0xe2, 0x50, 0xab, 0x2f, 0xdc,
+ 0xff, 0xaf, 0xac, 0x65, 0xe7, 0xf0, 0xc1, 0x6f, 0x7c,
+ 0x2d, 0xa1, 0xeb, 0x97, 0x90, 0x7c, 0x1e, 0xa8, 0x53,
+ 0x1b, 0x87, 0xc5, 0xa9, 0xa1, 0xcf, 0x86, 0x7e, 0x11,
+ 0xf8, 0xd6, 0x14, 0xda, 0x19, 0x81, 0x19, 0xb4, 0x45,
+ 0x1c, 0x7c, 0xb9, 0x96, 0xa2, 0xac, 0x79, 0x24, 0x94,
+ 0x7c, 0xb2, 0x1e, 0x83, 0xea, 0xc4, 0xb9, 0xd2, 0x0d,
+ 0x4c, 0x55, 0x3d, 0x15, 0x7b, 0x65, 0xd8, 0xff, 0x03,
+ 0x5d, 0xed, 0x3c, 0x94, 0x76, 0x19, 0x40, 0x3b, 0xcc,
+ 0x45, 0xbe, 0x91, 0x19, 0x8c, 0x75, 0xe5, 0xd2, 0xbe,
+ 0x67, 0x40, 0xb1, 0x67, 0x8e, 0x2a, 0x34, 0xd5, 0x99,
+ 0xee, 0xd9, 0x4f, 0x89, 0x7c, 0xf0, 0xd6, 0x93, 0x59,
+ 0x4b, 0x3a, 0x8d, 0xe6, 0xbd, 0xde, 0xce, 0xef, 0x8b,
+ 0x3c, 0xe3, 0xf7, 0x06, 0x33, 0x27, 0x8d, 0xd9, 0x22,
+ 0x1a, 0x65, 0x40, 0xfc, 0x69, 0x1b, 0x7d, 0xf0, 0xed,
+ 0xe4, 0xe0, 0x7f, 0x6d, 0x23, 0xed, 0x11, 0xd1, 0x07,
+ 0xb0, 0x2f, 0x8a, 0xbf, 0x51, 0x37, 0x22, 0x04, 0xed,
+ 0x93, 0xea, 0x1d, 0x0b, 0x30, 0x15, 0x89, 0x22, 0x7a,
+ 0x45, 0x56, 0x99, 0xc6, 0xac, 0xd6, 0xce, 0x61, 0xea,
+ 0xb2, 0x59, 0xe8, 0xb5, 0xfc, 0x87, 0xa7, 0xfe, 0x09,
+ 0xa2, 0x0d, 0x5e, 0xbe, 0xb9, 0xd4, 0x9a, 0x1b, 0x60,
+ 0xda, 0xb9, 0x32, 0xf1, 0x30, 0x3e, 0xb2, 0x45, 0x6d,
+ 0x55, 0x0c, 0x2c, 0x4b, 0x9a, 0xc0, 0xbb, 0x8e, 0xac,
+ 0x9c, 0x95, 0x5f, 0x08, 0x88, 0xa0, 0x53, 0x05, 0x75,
+ 0x8d, 0x9e, 0x9d, 0x3f, 0x0f, 0xdd, 0x50, 0x0d, 0xf8,
+ 0x11, 0xbd, 0xf9, 0xfb, 0x22, 0x5c, 0x7b, 0x9e, 0x7c,
+ 0x8e, 0x2f, 0x0e, 0xdb, 0xb8, 0x1d, 0x0c, 0x5e, 0x82,
+ 0xf3, 0x8e, 0xec, 0x32, 0x1c, 0x59, 0x73, 0xa5, 0xf3,
+ 0x5b, 0x47, 0x00, 0x64, 0x89, 0x68, 0x3b, 0xaf, 0xe8,
+ 0xe2, 0x9b, 0xa6, 0xac, 0x2c, 0xf9, 0x2b, 0x92, 0xf3,
+ 0xf0, 0x5b, 0xcc, 0x75, 0x22, 0xd5, 0xf4, 0x2b, 0x06,
+ 0x96, 0xc8, 0x50, 0xee, 0xac, 0x62, 0x16, 0x45, 0x9e,
+ 0xbc, 0xcc, 0x8f, 0x5a, 0x66, 0xc6, 0x30, 0x7c, 0xe0,
+ 0x22, 0xcc, 0xb9, 0xda, 0x0b, 0x0a, 0xbd, 0x2a, 0x2e,
+ 0x46, 0x7d, 0xb6, 0x86, 0x70, 0xa3, 0x16, 0x49, 0x85,
+ 0x28, 0x7b, 0xe9, 0x00, 0x6b, 0xfa, 0x06, 0xb0, 0xeb,
+ 0xbd, 0x67, 0x28, 0x6f, 0x27, 0xd7, 0x9c, 0x7f, 0xda,
+ 0xec, 0xf4, 0x7e, 0x55, 0xe1, 0x0c, 0x29, 0x61, 0x7a,
+ 0xf5, 0xb6, 0xb8, 0xa5, 0xef, 0x36, 0x6a, 0xad, 0x59,
+ 0x22, 0xbd, 0x3d, 0xad, 0x86, 0xe7, 0x4c, 0x69, 0x26,
+ 0x0f, 0xbf, 0x67, 0xad, 0x65, 0x32, 0xbd, 0x21, 0xd6,
+ 0x59, 0x6b, 0xe3, 0xda, 0xc1, 0x6f, 0x82, 0x41, 0x2c,
+ 0xaa, 0xe4, 0x8c, 0xfc, 0x7c, 0x61, 0x28, 0x51, 0x52,
+ 0x3d, 0xf1, 0x84, 0xb5, 0x0b, 0xfd, 0x1f, 0x2a, 0x06,
+ 0x2e, 0x30, 0xed, 0x63, 0x43, 0xc9, 0x83, 0x97, 0xb1,
+ 0xd4, 0x80, 0x6f, 0x2c, 0x50, 0xec, 0x20, 0x95, 0x42,
+ 0xa0, 0x34, 0x94, 0x1a, 0xa9, 0x5e, 0x5b, 0x59, 0xe3,
+ 0x39, 0xac, 0xbd, 0x2f, 0x77, 0x36, 0x59, 0x9c, 0xc3,
+ 0x3c, 0x66, 0x87, 0xf5, 0x81, 0x4b, 0xb0, 0x10, 0x4a,
+ 0xe6, 0x46, 0xe7, 0xce, 0x93, 0x7b, 0x24, 0x6b, 0x2e,
+ 0xc1, 0xe5, 0xaf, 0x4b, 0x71, 0x22, 0xad, 0x88, 0xda,
+ 0x55, 0xcb, 0xe0, 0x73, 0xd1, 0x65, 0x7d, 0xa5, 0x7f,
+ 0x36, 0xbc, 0x42, 0xc2, 0x78, 0x9f, 0x88, 0xe8, 0xdb,
+ 0xff, 0x8a, 0x5a, 0x80, 0x34, 0x3a, 0x23, 0x4c, 0x8a,
+ 0x81, 0xff, 0xbd, 0xb7, 0x88, 0xd0, 0x73, 0x07, 0x8a,
+ 0x4e, 0xa7, 0x4a, 0x61, 0x0f, 0x1f, 0x1c, 0xe7, 0x34,
+ 0x37, 0x1c, 0x53, 0x90, 0x3b, 0xa4, 0x32, 0x6c, 0x6d,
+ 0xe8, 0x00, 0xde, 0xe0, 0x0c, 0x5e, 0x06, 0xef, 0xb8,
+ 0x48, 0x2e, 0xb3, 0xda, 0xac, 0x92, 0x4d, 0x0d, 0x95,
+ 0x75, 0x44, 0x01, 0x6f, 0x97, 0xc3, 0x29, 0x76, 0x33,
+ 0x36, 0x9a, 0xae, 0xfb, 0x1b, 0x43, 0xe5, 0xb1, 0x54,
+ 0x3a, 0x9c, 0x76, 0x7f, 0x76, 0x83, 0xc9, 0x9c, 0xd6,
+ 0x56, 0x59, 0x83, 0xa9, 0xde, 0xd7, 0xb0, 0xf3, 0x34,
+ 0x11, 0x31, 0x06, 0x8e, 0xe9, 0xd4, 0x79, 0xd5, 0x3d,
+ 0x31, 0x6b, 0x59, 0xe9, 0x54, 0x69, 0x12, 0xfd, 0x44,
+ 0x59, 0x4e, 0x1b, 0x3b, 0xb4, 0x12, 0xe9, 0xfb, 0xb0,
+ 0xb4, 0x84, 0xb9, 0x7d, 0xea, 0x4f, 0xd1, 0x5f, 0xd0,
+ 0x3e, 0xce, 0xef, 0x5c, 0xf7, 0xea, 0x55, 0xa0, 0x8f,
+ 0xa8, 0xa7, 0x98, 0xe7, 0xa1, 0x6b, 0x3f, 0xba, 0x5a,
+ 0x32, 0x4b, 0xfa, 0x31, 0xb6, 0x63, 0x86, 0x19, 0x00,
+ 0xa2, 0x6d, 0x7d, 0x15, 0x56, 0x05, 0x68, 0xa3, 0xe0,
+ 0xf3, 0xd4, 0x82, 0xcf, 0xeb, 0xd4, 0x1c, 0xd0, 0xb6,
+ 0x14, 0x5e, 0x9e, 0x6b, 0xed, 0x7a, 0x02, 0x1a, 0xcd,
+ 0x09, 0xdc, 0x26, 0x98, 0x50, 0x11, 0x34, 0x39, 0x50,
+ 0x5a, 0x70, 0x79, 0x85, 0xca, 0xd2, 0xf2, 0x0c, 0x0d,
+ 0x12, 0x1f, 0x2e, 0x41, 0x46, 0x51, 0x72, 0x75, 0x78,
+ 0x8c, 0xa4, 0xaf, 0xba, 0xca, 0xd3, 0xdf, 0xea, 0xf8,
+ 0x09, 0x0b, 0x36, 0x45, 0x4f, 0x77, 0x83, 0xae, 0xbc,
+ 0xc5, 0xce, 0xe1, 0xf6, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x38, 0x56, 0x9c,
+ 0x9f, 0xb1, 0xbd, 0xda, 0xe7, 0xf0, 0xf4, 0x00, 0x00,
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0b, 0x1f, 0x2c, 0x38,
+ },
+};
+
+static const struct mldsa_testvector mldsa65_testvector = {
+ .alg = MLDSA65,
+ .pk_len = MLDSA65_PUBLIC_KEY_SIZE,
+ .pk =
+ (const u8[MLDSA65_PUBLIC_KEY_SIZE]) {
+ 0x9f, 0x55, 0x1e, 0x7f, 0x9c, 0x08, 0xb2, 0x83, 0xfd,
+ 0x5b, 0xa2, 0xac, 0x4f, 0x26, 0xc2, 0xf5, 0x06, 0x05,
+ 0x96, 0x08, 0x24, 0xad, 0xec, 0xe4, 0x99, 0xcc, 0x6c,
+ 0xbd, 0x55, 0x37, 0x15, 0x94, 0xab, 0x31, 0x9e, 0x56,
+ 0xe5, 0xe4, 0x55, 0xec, 0x4d, 0x49, 0x5b, 0x5a, 0x7a,
+ 0xe8, 0xc3, 0x4a, 0x08, 0x44, 0x4a, 0xc2, 0x2d, 0xe4,
+ 0x61, 0x33, 0x90, 0x20, 0x71, 0x45, 0xa5, 0x45, 0xd0,
+ 0x83, 0x2b, 0x32, 0x6c, 0xa7, 0x9e, 0x76, 0xcd, 0xfb,
+ 0x58, 0x15, 0x9e, 0x74, 0x0d, 0x67, 0x57, 0xb1, 0x06,
+ 0x5b, 0x5d, 0xd5, 0x1c, 0xbb, 0x95, 0x40, 0x1c, 0x71,
+ 0x31, 0x03, 0xef, 0xff, 0x04, 0x6b, 0xdd, 0xa2, 0xf0,
+ 0x32, 0x00, 0x72, 0xbc, 0x87, 0xb6, 0x2c, 0x1f, 0x90,
+ 0x7f, 0x92, 0xa0, 0xb2, 0x04, 0xdd, 0xa9, 0xaf, 0x7f,
+ 0x01, 0x28, 0x4c, 0xb2, 0x57, 0x2d, 0x56, 0x93, 0xd0,
+ 0xc7, 0x54, 0x02, 0x90, 0x57, 0x70, 0x23, 0x57, 0xe8,
+ 0xe7, 0x33, 0x32, 0x98, 0xfc, 0x9b, 0x8e, 0x6e, 0x7b,
+ 0xaa, 0x5d, 0xb5, 0x4e, 0xe0, 0x5d, 0x97, 0xa3, 0xea,
+ 0x43, 0x7e, 0xb3, 0xa4, 0x8c, 0xcf, 0xdc, 0xc0, 0x51,
+ 0xa7, 0x99, 0x45, 0x3d, 0x3c, 0xa0, 0xba, 0xc5, 0xff,
+ 0xe1, 0x89, 0xb3, 0x7d, 0xc3, 0xdc, 0xe2, 0x23, 0x81,
+ 0xff, 0xa9, 0xc7, 0x93, 0xc6, 0x67, 0xad, 0x94, 0xcf,
+ 0xeb, 0x91, 0x78, 0x15, 0x25, 0xf7, 0xf5, 0x06, 0x08,
+ 0x2f, 0x0c, 0xee, 0x0b, 0x6a, 0x06, 0x59, 0xe0, 0x1f,
+ 0x2e, 0x5a, 0x12, 0x06, 0xf5, 0xf4, 0x8e, 0x75, 0x57,
+ 0xa9, 0x33, 0x23, 0x0f, 0xc2, 0x6f, 0x02, 0xf8, 0x68,
+ 0x0f, 0x62, 0x02, 0x81, 0xfe, 0x03, 0x7c, 0xaf, 0xd7,
+ 0x42, 0x5b, 0xcc, 0xe7, 0x2b, 0xea, 0x49, 0xab, 0x03,
+ 0x6d, 0x0a, 0x02, 0xae, 0x47, 0x79, 0xce, 0xfd, 0x18,
+ 0x76, 0x07, 0x9e, 0xa6, 0xbf, 0x7e, 0x8d, 0x73, 0xf9,
+ 0x44, 0xeb, 0x8c, 0xc5, 0x59, 0xb7, 0x19, 0xf6, 0x73,
+ 0x53, 0x42, 0x2a, 0x55, 0x7b, 0xb4, 0x56, 0x49, 0x08,
+ 0x9e, 0x9a, 0x65, 0x60, 0x70, 0x1d, 0xbd, 0xc6, 0x85,
+ 0x29, 0xde, 0xfe, 0x44, 0xae, 0xdf, 0x25, 0xfd, 0x5b,
+ 0x74, 0x6c, 0x96, 0xe6, 0x81, 0x37, 0x80, 0xe0, 0x9e,
+ 0xf3, 0x75, 0x63, 0xb4, 0xc9, 0x2f, 0x71, 0xe6, 0xeb,
+ 0xdf, 0xaf, 0x7e, 0xff, 0x9e, 0xe0, 0xbf, 0xca, 0xca,
+ 0x11, 0xed, 0xc6, 0x04, 0xd8, 0x49, 0x13, 0x2c, 0x63,
+ 0xf1, 0xb3, 0x17, 0x74, 0xd9, 0x50, 0x3f, 0xb9, 0x29,
+ 0x0e, 0x48, 0xa7, 0xf0, 0xdc, 0x78, 0x18, 0x0e, 0x9f,
+ 0xb7, 0xde, 0x36, 0x79, 0x67, 0xa4, 0x23, 0x08, 0xe7,
+ 0x62, 0xe8, 0xa4, 0xe5, 0xcf, 0xff, 0x35, 0x55, 0x36,
+ 0x2e, 0x3a, 0xe4, 0x45, 0x6a, 0x80, 0xf2, 0xca, 0xe7,
+ 0x40, 0x79, 0x14, 0xc4, 0x62, 0x38, 0xbb, 0xd0, 0x4e,
+ 0x6c, 0xb5, 0x85, 0x42, 0x3f, 0x35, 0xf7, 0xd7, 0x54,
+ 0xb8, 0x2b, 0x8b, 0xd5, 0x6f, 0x16, 0x61, 0x27, 0x23,
+ 0xac, 0xdb, 0xea, 0x9b, 0x3b, 0x99, 0xcd, 0x79, 0xe6,
+ 0x12, 0x09, 0x99, 0x09, 0xa4, 0xe1, 0x88, 0x25, 0x00,
+ 0x9e, 0x60, 0x16, 0x63, 0xd7, 0x42, 0x9b, 0xcc, 0x36,
+ 0x9a, 0x8d, 0xa3, 0x75, 0x36, 0xa1, 0xa8, 0xfc, 0xa2,
+ 0xfe, 0x29, 0x26, 0x4c, 0x93, 0x21, 0x44, 0x6b, 0x1c,
+ 0xba, 0xbd, 0xef, 0xff, 0x6d, 0x1f, 0x2b, 0x6c, 0x66,
+ 0x81, 0x9a, 0x3a, 0x1d, 0x0b, 0xd7, 0x24, 0xd4, 0xb8,
+ 0x93, 0xb5, 0x22, 0xf9, 0xd2, 0xf4, 0xa5, 0x05, 0x78,
+ 0x38, 0xae, 0x58, 0xf6, 0x50, 0x8f, 0x47, 0x1d, 0xf3,
+ 0xfb, 0x0d, 0x04, 0x14, 0xd1, 0xd6, 0xd8, 0x2e, 0xf2,
+ 0xbd, 0xf5, 0x71, 0x86, 0x4c, 0xdd, 0x61, 0x24, 0x18,
+ 0x5b, 0x54, 0xf5, 0xcd, 0x99, 0x89, 0x01, 0x8e, 0xd1,
+ 0x19, 0x52, 0xbc, 0x45, 0xed, 0x0e, 0xec, 0x72, 0x2f,
+ 0x5a, 0xe7, 0xdf, 0x36, 0x1c, 0x57, 0x9f, 0xb2, 0x8b,
+ 0xf2, 0x78, 0x1b, 0x3e, 0xc5, 0x48, 0x1f, 0x27, 0x04,
+ 0x76, 0x10, 0x44, 0xee, 0x5c, 0x68, 0x8f, 0xca, 0xd7,
+ 0x31, 0xfc, 0x5c, 0x40, 0x03, 0x2e, 0xbd, 0x1d, 0x59,
+ 0x13, 0x57, 0xbc, 0x33, 0xc6, 0xa1, 0xa3, 0xe5, 0x55,
+ 0x79, 0x9b, 0x7e, 0x49, 0xbb, 0x23, 0x96, 0xc3, 0x1c,
+ 0xfe, 0x66, 0xeb, 0x5b, 0x5f, 0xe5, 0x03, 0xc9, 0xa4,
+ 0xac, 0x4d, 0xc4, 0x50, 0xbb, 0xd3, 0xc1, 0x91, 0x48,
+ 0xe0, 0x93, 0x92, 0x2a, 0xdb, 0x41, 0x37, 0x98, 0xbc,
+ 0xa2, 0x7a, 0x09, 0x92, 0x0b, 0x1c, 0xe6, 0x4b, 0x1e,
+ 0x8e, 0x78, 0x81, 0x74, 0x7d, 0x6b, 0x71, 0xd5, 0xe7,
+ 0x0e, 0x7b, 0xc2, 0x74, 0x5d, 0x89, 0xf1, 0xfa, 0x59,
+ 0xaa, 0xf7, 0x86, 0x66, 0x7e, 0xc2, 0x9c, 0xf4, 0xd5,
+ 0x8d, 0xc0, 0xb7, 0xb7, 0xa2, 0xd5, 0xcd, 0x51, 0xc3,
+ 0x7d, 0xa9, 0x5e, 0x46, 0xba, 0x06, 0xa3, 0x4d, 0x60,
+ 0xd6, 0x68, 0xc6, 0xf9, 0x63, 0x88, 0x17, 0x5c, 0x20,
+ 0xe1, 0xc4, 0x0f, 0x3f, 0xc1, 0xa9, 0xa7, 0x3e, 0x39,
+ 0xef, 0x2f, 0xaf, 0xc4, 0x69, 0x29, 0xe3, 0xd4, 0x8d,
+ 0xe0, 0x0e, 0x88, 0xc2, 0x93, 0x43, 0xfb, 0x28, 0xcf,
+ 0x5d, 0x85, 0x50, 0xf7, 0xeb, 0x42, 0xf5, 0x87, 0xde,
+ 0xa5, 0x65, 0xef, 0x43, 0x0c, 0x57, 0x76, 0x09, 0xf4,
+ 0x5f, 0xde, 0x81, 0x0a, 0xd9, 0x59, 0x41, 0xa4, 0x6a,
+ 0xb7, 0x05, 0xc7, 0xa5, 0xfe, 0x49, 0xd5, 0x9b, 0x57,
+ 0x13, 0x14, 0x66, 0xe2, 0xb9, 0xcc, 0x09, 0x35, 0xd4,
+ 0xb0, 0xe0, 0xd1, 0x0d, 0x7e, 0x50, 0x48, 0x45, 0x21,
+ 0x00, 0x67, 0xb2, 0xad, 0xa7, 0x46, 0xe2, 0x6f, 0x70,
+ 0xe5, 0x3c, 0x88, 0x04, 0xaa, 0x21, 0xde, 0x03, 0xb6,
+ 0x6f, 0xfe, 0x43, 0x51, 0xdc, 0x2e, 0x5c, 0x6c, 0x77,
+ 0x8f, 0x8e, 0x9d, 0x1a, 0x5b, 0x35, 0xc5, 0xe4, 0x48,
+ 0x82, 0x17, 0x4b, 0xf0, 0xea, 0xc9, 0x0e, 0xd2, 0x8f,
+ 0xcd, 0xd5, 0x01, 0xbd, 0x7f, 0x0f, 0xf5, 0xae, 0x92,
+ 0x28, 0x1e, 0x2c, 0xf4, 0xe9, 0x03, 0xf7, 0x0a, 0xeb,
+ 0x84, 0x18, 0xa1, 0x37, 0x38, 0x8a, 0x11, 0xa2, 0x5d,
+ 0x8c, 0xf6, 0xe4, 0x3f, 0x5b, 0x87, 0x07, 0x6b, 0xb4,
+ 0x07, 0xe0, 0x8f, 0x30, 0xc4, 0xfa, 0x27, 0xae, 0xfc,
+ 0x02, 0xd1, 0x21, 0x5c, 0xbc, 0x0b, 0x93, 0x6e, 0x7e,
+ 0xf9, 0x6b, 0x80, 0x7a, 0x25, 0x84, 0x20, 0xf1, 0x6a,
+ 0xfa, 0x75, 0xed, 0x57, 0x61, 0x62, 0xa7, 0xf6, 0x5b,
+ 0xe1, 0xb0, 0x38, 0xc8, 0xe9, 0x6d, 0x3f, 0xef, 0x1e,
+ 0x99, 0x0b, 0xb7, 0xc8, 0x9f, 0x76, 0x5c, 0x04, 0x1f,
+ 0x02, 0x92, 0x00, 0xa7, 0x38, 0x3d, 0x00, 0x3b, 0xa7,
+ 0xbc, 0x39, 0x6e, 0xab, 0xf5, 0x10, 0xa8, 0xba, 0xd6,
+ 0x28, 0x6b, 0x0e, 0x00, 0x48, 0xf9, 0x3b, 0x5c, 0xde,
+ 0x59, 0x93, 0x46, 0xd6, 0x61, 0x52, 0x81, 0x71, 0x0f,
+ 0x0e, 0x61, 0xac, 0xc6, 0x7f, 0x15, 0x93, 0xa7, 0xc1,
+ 0x16, 0xb5, 0xef, 0x85, 0xd1, 0xa7, 0x61, 0xc2, 0x85,
+ 0x1d, 0x61, 0xc6, 0xae, 0xb3, 0x9e, 0x8d, 0x23, 0xa3,
+ 0xc8, 0xd5, 0xf2, 0xc7, 0x1b, 0x7e, 0xef, 0xd2, 0xdf,
+ 0x25, 0xaf, 0x4e, 0x81, 0x15, 0x59, 0xe5, 0x36, 0xb1,
+ 0xf1, 0xd5, 0xda, 0x58, 0xd8, 0xd9, 0x0d, 0x6d, 0xc9,
+ 0x25, 0xb5, 0xe8, 0x1d, 0x3b, 0xca, 0x2d, 0xab, 0xf2,
+ 0xe2, 0xe9, 0x55, 0xd7, 0xf4, 0xc7, 0xd0, 0x57, 0x7a,
+ 0x86, 0x15, 0x0a, 0x5a, 0x8b, 0xd7, 0x3f, 0x66, 0x0f,
+ 0x80, 0xb4, 0xe0, 0x5c, 0x33, 0xed, 0xaf, 0x1b, 0x3b,
+ 0x6d, 0x1c, 0xd9, 0x8c, 0xb5, 0x96, 0xa3, 0xfb, 0xcf,
+ 0xcc, 0x97, 0x1c, 0xae, 0x06, 0x19, 0x41, 0x61, 0xf8,
+ 0x97, 0x6b, 0x82, 0x5e, 0x1c, 0xbf, 0x6f, 0x43, 0x3d,
+ 0xe5, 0x00, 0xf5, 0xfe, 0x66, 0x48, 0x26, 0x31, 0xa1,
+ 0x72, 0x67, 0x6e, 0xd4, 0x5b, 0x6f, 0x66, 0xde, 0x70,
+ 0x8b, 0x2b, 0xc3, 0xa2, 0x30, 0xe9, 0x55, 0xc8, 0xff,
+ 0xf8, 0xd0, 0xdd, 0xa9, 0x21, 0x85, 0x6e, 0x6c, 0x82,
+ 0x66, 0xcc, 0x52, 0xf0, 0x9e, 0x1e, 0xb5, 0x3a, 0xff,
+ 0x4c, 0xf3, 0xae, 0x02, 0xc3, 0x4b, 0x76, 0x25, 0xbd,
+ 0xb0, 0x21, 0x54, 0x61, 0xda, 0x16, 0xd3, 0x23, 0x86,
+ 0x41, 0xa1, 0x4c, 0x59, 0x15, 0x95, 0x65, 0x85, 0xb6,
+ 0x8e, 0xa6, 0x37, 0xc0, 0xa2, 0x71, 0x1d, 0x67, 0x44,
+ 0x7b, 0xe5, 0x4c, 0x4f, 0xb6, 0x2c, 0x46, 0xf7, 0x29,
+ 0xa5, 0xf2, 0xd3, 0x51, 0x19, 0x91, 0x4d, 0xa7, 0xb5,
+ 0x05, 0xb9, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x6e, 0xf8, 0xc0, 0x01, 0xe5,
+ 0x41, 0x0a, 0x89, 0x64, 0x77, 0xf2, 0xc8, 0x63, 0x2d,
+ 0x9d, 0x27, 0x7f, 0x47, 0x30, 0x39, 0xdf, 0xb6, 0x6e,
+ 0x4f, 0x00, 0x3f, 0x15, 0xc6, 0xaf, 0x62, 0xdf, 0x3f,
+ 0x47, 0xe8, 0x42, 0x90, 0x77, 0x23, 0x7a, 0xaa, 0x99,
+ 0x53, 0x03, 0x63, 0x60, 0x59, 0x07, 0x52, 0x3c, 0xb5,
+ 0x67, 0x59, 0xfe, 0x08, 0xe6, 0x43, 0x0f, 0x3b, 0x08,
+ 0x7c, 0xc7, 0x07, 0x3c, 0xfa, 0x65, 0xea, 0x69, 0x51,
+ 0x41, 0x31, 0xb3, 0x05, 0x69, 0xba, 0x2c, 0xbf, 0x89,
+ 0x25, 0x9e, 0xfe, 0x07, 0x13, 0x78, 0x0e, 0x16, 0x54,
+ 0xdf, 0x23, 0xdf, 0x10, 0x69, 0x79, 0xd0, 0x33, 0xd7,
+ 0x21, 0x8b, 0xc8, 0x2a, 0xd0, 0x74, 0x0a, 0xfa, 0xb1,
+ 0x6f, 0xa3, 0xcb, 0x1d, 0xca, 0x4f, 0x00, 0x46, 0x6c,
+ 0x42, 0x09, 0xe0, 0x30, 0x89, 0x08, 0x33, 0x9b, 0x7b,
+ 0x7b, 0x0f, 0x69, 0x5c, 0x0d, 0x34, 0x91, 0xfc, 0xfe,
+ 0x22, 0x82, 0x02, 0xcd, 0xfa, 0x97, 0xe8, 0x28, 0x1d,
+ 0xbc, 0x13, 0x0b, 0xfd, 0x47, 0xa1, 0x7e, 0xa2, 0x86,
+ 0x4d, 0x6f, 0x12, 0x51, 0x35, 0x7d, 0x76, 0x8a, 0x58,
+ 0x05, 0xb6, 0x39, 0xa1, 0x2f, 0xd7, 0xda, 0xaf, 0x00,
+ 0xa0, 0x1a, 0x94, 0xd8, 0x23, 0x34, 0x99, 0x5c, 0xaf,
+ 0xcc, 0x15, 0x4b, 0x56, 0xb2, 0xd2, 0x81, 0x07, 0xd3,
+ 0xf3, 0x47, 0xa2, 0x45, 0x93, 0xcb, 0xae, 0xa7, 0x6b,
+ 0x3f, 0xf9, 0xea, 0xfc, 0x0e, 0x64, 0xf2, 0x93, 0x7f,
+ 0x24, 0x22, 0x73, 0x86, 0xc7, 0x2d, 0x75, 0x9b, 0x41,
+ 0x8b, 0xfb, 0x3b, 0x26, 0x2a, 0xe5, 0x0b, 0xd4, 0x00,
+ 0xe3, 0x2c, 0x69, 0x49, 0x62, 0x6c, 0x13, 0x58, 0x6e,
+ 0xac, 0x43, 0xe5, 0x2b, 0x3b, 0x88, 0xdc, 0xd4, 0x41,
+ 0xe8, 0xee, 0x4e, 0xc3, 0x28, 0x91, 0x17, 0x9a, 0x5a,
+ 0xdb, 0x80, 0x8b, 0x4d, 0x64, 0xcc, 0xbe, 0x66, 0xa4,
+ 0x62, 0xfb, 0x13, 0x44, 0x10, 0xd9, 0xe4, 0xd5, 0xa5,
+ 0xae, 0x9e, 0x42, 0x50, 0xfc, 0x78, 0xad, 0xfa, 0xc4,
+ 0xd0, 0x5a, 0x60, 0x9b, 0x45, 0x2b, 0x61, 0x5c, 0x57,
+ 0xb5, 0x92, 0x28, 0xe9, 0xf5, 0x35, 0x67, 0xc1, 0x5e,
+ 0xa8, 0x1c, 0x99, 0x36, 0x38, 0xb8, 0x5c, 0xff, 0x3d,
+ 0xa0, 0xfc, 0xb0, 0xbc, 0x3d, 0x2c, 0xb4, 0x36, 0x17,
+ 0xb4, 0x6d, 0xb5, 0x39, 0x45, 0xa9, 0x2a, 0x6b, 0xa2,
+ 0x24, 0x44, 0x30, 0xab, 0x2c, 0x82, 0x36, 0xdc, 0xd6,
+ 0x36, 0x5d, 0x0a, 0xdc, 0xee, 0x0f, 0x2b, 0x28, 0x99,
+ 0xdc, 0x67, 0x0d, 0xea, 0x6e, 0x42, 0xb9, 0x45, 0x7f,
+ 0xd2, 0x96, 0x1e, 0x60, 0x42, 0xeb, 0x1e, 0x5f, 0x8e,
+ 0xa9, 0xdc, 0xd3, 0x8a, 0xd6, 0xbd, 0x4e, 0x1f, 0x42,
+ 0x75, 0x1d, 0xe2, 0xc6, 0x11, 0xc9, 0x80, 0x1f, 0xfe,
+ 0x99, 0x52, 0x4d, 0x7b, 0x35, 0xf7, 0xb7, 0xc3, 0xee,
+ 0xd6, 0x94, 0xf5, 0x74, 0xa0, 0x69, 0xcd, 0x1f, 0x2b,
+ 0xd0, 0x87, 0xf7, 0x8c, 0x69, 0xc5, 0x96, 0x70, 0x91,
+ 0xe8, 0x3d, 0xd2, 0xcc, 0xf1, 0x4c, 0xcd, 0xe2, 0x14,
+ 0x00, 0x10, 0x4a, 0xd9, 0x6a, 0x5d, 0x65, 0x2c, 0x4b,
+ 0x79, 0x0c, 0xc4, 0x78, 0x5e, 0xc8, 0xc5, 0x37, 0x74,
+ 0x6d, 0x50, 0x5c, 0x34, 0x1f, 0xe0, 0xf4, 0xe3, 0xe1,
+ 0x86, 0x68, 0xb1, 0xea, 0x70, 0xf0, 0xae, 0xe4, 0x59,
+ 0xa1, 0x08, 0x7e, 0x35, 0xa3, 0x16, 0xd2, 0xb0, 0xa3,
+ 0xd4, 0xb0, 0x74, 0x8c, 0x05, 0x79, 0x73, 0xfb, 0xe6,
+ 0x65, 0x96, 0x15, 0x07, 0xd5, 0xaf, 0x88, 0x9e, 0x6b,
+ 0xf0, 0xbb, 0x3f, 0xe6, 0xd1, 0x6a, 0xe7, 0xc9, 0xae,
+ 0xd9, 0xb0, 0x16, 0x1c, 0x40, 0xeb, 0xdb, 0xc1, 0xbf,
+ 0x83, 0xdb, 0x8a, 0x4f, 0x96, 0xca, 0xd7, 0x22, 0x06,
+ 0x87, 0x08, 0x9d, 0x65, 0x2f, 0xd9, 0x8e, 0x95, 0x6c,
+ 0xcc, 0xbf, 0x76, 0x2a, 0xea, 0x5c, 0x8e, 0x5b, 0x17,
+ 0x0f, 0x75, 0x7b, 0xfa, 0xf9, 0xfb, 0xaa, 0x92, 0xc7,
+ 0x7e, 0x63, 0x63, 0x54, 0xa4, 0xff, 0xf6, 0xc0, 0xc0,
+ 0xf5, 0x70, 0xd8, 0xe3, 0xa4, 0x79, 0x16, 0xf0, 0x6f,
+ 0x90, 0x5e, 0xb7, 0xab, 0x6f, 0xab, 0x75, 0x3b, 0xe1,
+ 0x4c, 0xa8, 0x0b, 0x72, 0x5f, 0x5f, 0x11, 0x22, 0x36,
+ 0x71, 0x20, 0xd3, 0x5b, 0x5e, 0x07, 0x06, 0x76, 0x1a,
+ 0xcc, 0x5e, 0x7c, 0x97, 0x7d, 0xb2, 0x6b, 0xf8, 0x39,
+ 0x89, 0x37, 0xb6, 0x6d, 0xea, 0x74, 0x57, 0x28, 0xd7,
+ 0x0e, 0x9b, 0xeb, 0x28, 0x88, 0x90, 0xfd, 0x2d, 0x16,
+ 0x21, 0x74, 0x26, 0xc5, 0xb8, 0x44, 0xad, 0x9f, 0x97,
+ 0xf9, 0x65, 0x36, 0xd8, 0x00, 0x59, 0x17, 0x49, 0xf9,
+ 0xc7, 0xb3, 0x84, 0xb9, 0xe2, 0x95, 0xe0, 0xd1, 0x7f,
+ 0x5f, 0xaa, 0xd7, 0xfd, 0x6a, 0x6a, 0x83, 0x14, 0x46,
+ 0x1d, 0x12, 0x8d, 0x09, 0xc3, 0xa5, 0xca, 0x72, 0xa3,
+ 0x25, 0x65, 0xb6, 0x40, 0x25, 0x04, 0x51, 0xab, 0x22,
+ 0xeb, 0xd7, 0x69, 0xc9, 0x22, 0x9c, 0xa0, 0x19, 0x5c,
+ 0x1a, 0xfd, 0x41, 0x8f, 0x98, 0xc5, 0x71, 0xb8, 0x6f,
+ 0x76, 0xae, 0xfa, 0x9b, 0x03, 0xab, 0x43, 0x81, 0x3b,
+ 0x66, 0xae, 0xf0, 0xd2, 0xb7, 0xee, 0x9a, 0xe3, 0xae,
+ 0x45, 0xc1, 0x86, 0xb0, 0xce, 0x9e, 0x2b, 0xec, 0xb8,
+ 0xcf, 0xca, 0x0e, 0x8c, 0x33, 0xfa, 0xa7, 0xef, 0xf7,
+ 0xfc, 0xa1, 0x41, 0x49, 0xd3, 0x6d, 0xb5, 0x58, 0xe4,
+ 0x0e, 0x24, 0xd2, 0x8a, 0x74, 0xc9, 0x56, 0x2e, 0x53,
+ 0xc7, 0x7a, 0x38, 0x0f, 0x4b, 0xd9, 0xf9, 0x2f, 0xfa,
+ 0x7d, 0xee, 0x14, 0x18, 0xce, 0x75, 0x42, 0x6c, 0x03,
+ 0x34, 0xce, 0x80, 0xec, 0xf2, 0x05, 0xf0, 0xdf, 0xcd,
+ 0xf8, 0xdb, 0x26, 0x7d, 0xb6, 0x3d, 0x28, 0x24, 0x7e,
+ 0x7e, 0x39, 0x9f, 0xa6, 0xc6, 0xeb, 0x2a, 0xc8, 0x17,
+ 0x94, 0xa9, 0x89, 0xf5, 0xdf, 0xcb, 0x77, 0xfd, 0xc9,
+ 0x9e, 0x68, 0x98, 0x7d, 0x04, 0x50, 0x3c, 0x64, 0x1d,
+ 0x66, 0xb0, 0x97, 0x06, 0xb6, 0x08, 0x5b, 0xe4, 0x17,
+ 0x44, 0xd6, 0x94, 0x39, 0x6b, 0x03, 0x2c, 0xcb, 0x5a,
+ 0x8d, 0x86, 0x08, 0x23, 0x4f, 0x95, 0xa8, 0x1a,
+ },
+ .msg_len = 64,
+ .msg =
+ (const u8[64]) {
+ 0x1a, 0x84, 0x21, 0x0d, 0x35, 0x7a, 0x88, 0xc8,
+ 0x6a, 0x11, 0xe3, 0x15, 0x24, 0xec, 0x0d, 0x2e,
+ 0x76, 0xb9, 0xcf, 0x2b, 0x04, 0x25, 0x16, 0xae,
+ 0x62, 0x42, 0xa0, 0x20, 0x68, 0x25, 0x3e, 0xb4,
+ 0x75, 0xa7, 0x1d, 0x64, 0xc3, 0xd1, 0x08, 0x07,
+ 0x67, 0xb6, 0xf7, 0x76, 0x76, 0xf6, 0xd6, 0x62,
+ 0x66, 0x04, 0x89, 0x0c, 0x8f, 0x07, 0xac, 0xc8,
+ 0x51, 0x77, 0xd9, 0x47, 0x5e, 0xb5, 0x22, 0x20,
+ },
+ .sig_len = MLDSA65_SIGNATURE_SIZE,
+ .sig =
+ (const u8[MLDSA65_SIGNATURE_SIZE]) {
+ 0xda, 0xcf, 0x8d, 0x67, 0x59, 0x60, 0x6c, 0x39, 0x2d,
+ 0x89, 0xb6, 0xa1, 0xf3, 0x8c, 0x70, 0xcf, 0x25, 0x86,
+ 0x21, 0xa1, 0x9f, 0x20, 0x9e, 0xf5, 0xd2, 0xdd, 0xbd,
+ 0x99, 0xfa, 0xe4, 0xab, 0x77, 0x31, 0x65, 0x18, 0xa1,
+ 0xd1, 0x3f, 0x21, 0x70, 0x36, 0xe1, 0xf9, 0x5c, 0x28,
+ 0xb6, 0x7d, 0x34, 0xae, 0x66, 0xc9, 0x1c, 0x8e, 0xc6,
+ 0xf9, 0x45, 0x8c, 0xa9, 0xb2, 0xfb, 0x0f, 0x5b, 0xb8,
+ 0xf9, 0xf5, 0xe2, 0x37, 0x79, 0x12, 0xda, 0xa7, 0x72,
+ 0x9e, 0x0d, 0xf8, 0x88, 0x5b, 0x34, 0x49, 0x6c, 0xed,
+ 0xa3, 0x7f, 0x86, 0xd3, 0xd9, 0x2f, 0x44, 0x08, 0x0d,
+ 0xb7, 0xdb, 0x4a, 0xce, 0x02, 0x14, 0x02, 0xd6, 0x40,
+ 0x75, 0xe3, 0xc0, 0x97, 0xfc, 0x6c, 0x6a, 0x88, 0x29,
+ 0x0c, 0xe2, 0x3a, 0x2b, 0x28, 0x82, 0x8f, 0x27, 0x09,
+ 0x69, 0x91, 0xc6, 0xc3, 0xb7, 0x07, 0x61, 0x86, 0x8d,
+ 0x89, 0x8a, 0xd5, 0x00, 0x3b, 0x4b, 0xfc, 0x6f, 0xb3,
+ 0x3f, 0x4c, 0x93, 0x31, 0xfc, 0x88, 0x53, 0x26, 0xea,
+ 0xe5, 0x3a, 0xfc, 0xc1, 0x59, 0x16, 0xf0, 0xb7, 0xac,
+ 0xde, 0x1e, 0xd8, 0x74, 0x85, 0x72, 0xd9, 0xbb, 0xbe,
+ 0x76, 0x32, 0x25, 0x9d, 0x21, 0xbc, 0xfd, 0x8d, 0x32,
+ 0xfe, 0xae, 0x24, 0xe5, 0x4a, 0xcc, 0x5d, 0x15, 0x23,
+ 0xd3, 0x57, 0xe7, 0xa9, 0x2c, 0x31, 0xd7, 0xc5, 0x6b,
+ 0x70, 0x6c, 0x22, 0x5a, 0x13, 0x1f, 0x76, 0x13, 0x78,
+ 0x6f, 0xac, 0x42, 0x4c, 0x46, 0x81, 0xa2, 0x20, 0x91,
+ 0x30, 0xed, 0xcb, 0x90, 0xfe, 0x3c, 0xa3, 0xc7, 0xb4,
+ 0x1f, 0x21, 0x1d, 0x98, 0x74, 0x6a, 0x3e, 0xc8, 0xcc,
+ 0xd2, 0x68, 0x87, 0x69, 0xa9, 0xdf, 0x50, 0xd5, 0x0a,
+ 0x8e, 0x10, 0x54, 0xab, 0xea, 0x65, 0x2a, 0x52, 0xd7,
+ 0x22, 0xae, 0x2f, 0x1e, 0xc3, 0x16, 0x58, 0x20, 0x18,
+ 0x6d, 0x35, 0x46, 0x31, 0x43, 0x5d, 0x62, 0xfb, 0xb1,
+ 0x47, 0x32, 0xfa, 0x14, 0xcc, 0x51, 0xa3, 0xcd, 0x99,
+ 0x4f, 0x97, 0x0f, 0xca, 0x24, 0x93, 0x17, 0xea, 0xa3,
+ 0xf3, 0x1f, 0xbe, 0xb5, 0xa3, 0xac, 0x80, 0xcc, 0x20,
+ 0x3b, 0xa6, 0xd3, 0x32, 0x72, 0x4e, 0xd9, 0x25, 0xf9,
+ 0xc2, 0x24, 0x15, 0xbd, 0x1e, 0x1e, 0x41, 0x8c, 0x18,
+ 0x8c, 0x58, 0xe8, 0x75, 0x20, 0xff, 0xa3, 0xf4, 0xd4,
+ 0xab, 0x75, 0x78, 0x4e, 0xbb, 0x7c, 0x94, 0x93, 0x28,
+ 0x5b, 0x07, 0x3a, 0x3c, 0xc9, 0xf1, 0x55, 0x3e, 0x33,
+ 0xed, 0xf8, 0x72, 0x55, 0xab, 0x5a, 0xea, 0xbe, 0x65,
+ 0xfa, 0x81, 0x50, 0xc0, 0x9d, 0x2d, 0xfb, 0x04, 0x25,
+ 0x7c, 0xb9, 0xee, 0xe2, 0xa3, 0x00, 0x44, 0xd3, 0x9d,
+ 0xee, 0x4f, 0x80, 0x77, 0xfb, 0x26, 0x6b, 0x07, 0xd0,
+ 0xff, 0x82, 0x39, 0x0e, 0x2b, 0x47, 0xa3, 0xe7, 0x3e,
+ 0xc5, 0x4e, 0x15, 0x8a, 0x48, 0x28, 0xfb, 0xf7, 0xa4,
+ 0x86, 0xfb, 0x77, 0x60, 0xcd, 0xc5, 0x68, 0x96, 0xd7,
+ 0x4c, 0x3c, 0xf2, 0x51, 0x71, 0x79, 0x2e, 0x2e, 0x57,
+ 0x10, 0xa7, 0xfc, 0xd1, 0xd4, 0x61, 0x71, 0x81, 0x85,
+ 0x74, 0x09, 0x7d, 0x80, 0xd0, 0xc2, 0xe9, 0xff, 0xb7,
+ 0x88, 0x53, 0x74, 0x1e, 0xb0, 0xca, 0x65, 0x48, 0x8e,
+ 0xdb, 0x59, 0x3a, 0xcb, 0x80, 0xeb, 0xfd, 0xd2, 0xc9,
+ 0x38, 0x43, 0xae, 0x76, 0xf2, 0xbb, 0x51, 0xb2, 0xcb,
+ 0xe6, 0x85, 0x31, 0xb5, 0x62, 0xd4, 0x5e, 0x48, 0x08,
+ 0xf1, 0x40, 0x5b, 0x16, 0x83, 0x5e, 0xa5, 0x9c, 0x6b,
+ 0x91, 0x49, 0x44, 0xff, 0x3b, 0xa9, 0x2b, 0xf3, 0x06,
+ 0x33, 0x9e, 0x6e, 0x3c, 0x66, 0x7e, 0x27, 0xa2, 0x59,
+ 0x7b, 0xe3, 0xb6, 0xb4, 0x28, 0xeb, 0x93, 0x35, 0x87,
+ 0xac, 0x0e, 0x0b, 0x7e, 0xbc, 0x35, 0x28, 0x72, 0x1f,
+ 0x26, 0x59, 0xd0, 0x1f, 0x63, 0xe4, 0x86, 0x5d, 0x70,
+ 0xf3, 0xa8, 0xa4, 0xb8, 0xcd, 0xb3, 0xf8, 0x8d, 0xaa,
+ 0x41, 0xd2, 0xcc, 0x0b, 0x15, 0x66, 0x22, 0x83, 0x92,
+ 0xe3, 0x0b, 0xf9, 0xea, 0xa0, 0x33, 0xa1, 0x4e, 0x92,
+ 0xae, 0x81, 0x95, 0xa4, 0x58, 0x3f, 0xa9, 0x15, 0x52,
+ 0xf9, 0xda, 0xb7, 0x10, 0x8d, 0xc6, 0xab, 0x77, 0xe9,
+ 0xbe, 0xad, 0xc9, 0x3a, 0x6a, 0x8d, 0x92, 0x6c, 0x69,
+ 0xff, 0x31, 0x49, 0x25, 0x04, 0xc8, 0x93, 0x6f, 0xc8,
+ 0xe7, 0x60, 0x7a, 0x76, 0xb5, 0xc1, 0x07, 0xef, 0xa3,
+ 0x39, 0xa6, 0xf2, 0x36, 0x04, 0xde, 0x3c, 0x4a, 0x4e,
+ 0x96, 0xbd, 0x64, 0x26, 0x80, 0x01, 0x88, 0x47, 0xd2,
+ 0xa4, 0x46, 0xcd, 0xe1, 0x30, 0x7f, 0xa3, 0x00, 0x11,
+ 0x38, 0x55, 0xfa, 0xeb, 0x10, 0xeb, 0xa0, 0x65, 0x04,
+ 0x09, 0xc8, 0xde, 0x9c, 0x73, 0xba, 0x0c, 0xbd, 0xd3,
+ 0xa5, 0x84, 0x5e, 0xb9, 0x3b, 0xd4, 0x94, 0xbd, 0xa6,
+ 0x53, 0xbe, 0x93, 0x69, 0x3e, 0xaa, 0x32, 0x31, 0x06,
+ 0xc8, 0x1b, 0x4a, 0x48, 0xb5, 0x17, 0x85, 0xbf, 0x72,
+ 0xec, 0xf5, 0x29, 0x8a, 0xd8, 0xeb, 0x99, 0x8b, 0x74,
+ 0x84, 0x57, 0x8c, 0xe1, 0x85, 0x94, 0xa0, 0xbc, 0x7a,
+ 0x14, 0xf0, 0xf4, 0x8b, 0x25, 0x37, 0x43, 0xa1, 0x34,
+ 0x09, 0x71, 0xca, 0x5c, 0x9f, 0x08, 0x38, 0xd9, 0x9c,
+ 0x0c, 0x0e, 0xcb, 0xe4, 0xad, 0x4b, 0x2a, 0x89, 0x67,
+ 0xf8, 0x29, 0x6c, 0x69, 0x0e, 0x5d, 0xca, 0xfa, 0xa6,
+ 0x6b, 0x0e, 0xb5, 0x94, 0x17, 0x71, 0xf0, 0xc9, 0xcd,
+ 0x02, 0x1d, 0xa5, 0xd5, 0xc6, 0xa7, 0xbc, 0x5f, 0x6e,
+ 0x67, 0x43, 0x68, 0xce, 0xac, 0x54, 0x81, 0x2a, 0x25,
+ 0x22, 0x52, 0x35, 0xad, 0x7b, 0xd5, 0x06, 0x8c, 0x00,
+ 0xfb, 0xca, 0xc4, 0x0a, 0x49, 0x1e, 0xc8, 0xeb, 0x77,
+ 0xc1, 0x63, 0x23, 0x96, 0xbd, 0x35, 0xfa, 0x13, 0xae,
+ 0xbf, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x69, 0x8d, 0xb3, 0xe3, 0x07, 0xde,
+ 0x4e, 0xd0, 0x12, 0xa9, 0xc3, 0x36, 0x30, 0x46, 0xef,
+ 0x92, 0x76, 0x17, 0x8f, 0x10, 0xe7, 0xba, 0x99, 0x4b,
+ 0xdf, 0xad, 0xb8, 0x11, 0x80, 0xdf, 0xe7, 0xfd, 0x80,
+ 0x64, 0xf7, 0x2a, 0xac, 0x60, 0x2a, 0x54, 0x8f, 0x4f,
+ 0xaf, 0xaf, 0x60, 0xf9, 0x67, 0x20, 0x80, 0x53, 0x5c,
+ 0xb6, 0x81, 0xa6, 0x2a, 0x74, 0x2d, 0xc5, 0x74, 0x2a,
+ 0x95, 0x26, 0x13, 0x17, 0x01, 0xdd, 0x31, 0xac, 0x5a,
+ 0x05, 0xda, 0xde, 0xba, 0xf6, 0x37, 0x13, 0x8d, 0xe4,
+ 0xa8, 0x93, 0x46, 0x9e, 0xa9, 0x82, 0x24, 0x7e, 0xc8,
+ 0xda, 0x63, 0x89, 0xcd, 0x33, 0xc9, 0xf7, 0xf9, 0x71,
+ 0x35, 0xe6, 0xa5, 0x5f, 0x6b, 0x3b, 0xbb, 0x0c, 0xe0,
+ 0xa4, 0x0b, 0xe3, 0x29, 0xc0, 0xae, 0x8e, 0xce, 0x03,
+ 0x09, 0x73, 0x0e, 0x1e, 0x9c, 0xe9, 0x59, 0xb6, 0x8b,
+ 0x78, 0x67, 0x32, 0x8b, 0xf1, 0x93, 0xcc, 0x72, 0x1b,
+ 0x6f, 0xa2, 0xf1, 0x04, 0x9c, 0xfa, 0x98, 0x02, 0xca,
+ 0xdf, 0x35, 0x3c, 0x38, 0xac, 0xa8, 0xdb, 0x90, 0xae,
+ 0xaa, 0xf9, 0x70, 0xfb, 0xed, 0xbd, 0xa6, 0x25, 0x14,
+ 0x58, 0x09, 0x8a, 0x36, 0xaf, 0x41, 0x09, 0x19, 0xcb,
+ 0xd3, 0x25, 0x5d, 0x0e, 0xe6, 0x20, 0x14, 0x71, 0x24,
+ 0x79, 0x19, 0x55, 0xaf, 0x51, 0x5b, 0xa4, 0xc0, 0x93,
+ 0x9e, 0xdd, 0x88, 0x31, 0x13, 0x96, 0xbf, 0xca, 0x0a,
+ 0xd7, 0xbc, 0xc4, 0x00, 0xa1, 0x10, 0x2d, 0x92, 0x79,
+ 0xf9, 0x14, 0xdb, 0xd2, 0xba, 0x74, 0xfa, 0xa8, 0xe5,
+ 0x40, 0x14, 0xc2, 0x56, 0x3c, 0x7f, 0x50, 0x07, 0x60,
+ 0x86, 0x93, 0x51, 0x2e, 0xf9, 0x70, 0x61, 0x70, 0x0e,
+ 0xa4, 0x87, 0x75, 0xcc, 0x6c, 0x72, 0xb7, 0x68, 0x23,
+ 0xb7, 0x3d, 0x76, 0xaf, 0x96, 0x9b, 0x4a, 0xe5, 0x12,
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+ 0x2a, 0x93, 0xff, 0xda, 0x26, 0xb0, 0x54, 0x7e, 0xaf,
+ 0x30, 0x7d, 0xce, 0x46, 0x8a, 0x3d, 0x7c, 0xa4, 0x7a,
+ 0x2c, 0xfa, 0xba, 0xa1, 0xc9, 0x41, 0xd3, 0xb8, 0x84,
+ 0x03, 0x78, 0xdd, 0xe9, 0x57, 0x19, 0x62, 0x62, 0xff,
+ 0x5b, 0x3b, 0x48, 0x62, 0x0e, 0xee, 0x19, 0xb0, 0x32,
+ 0x6e, 0x6a, 0x07, 0xd8, 0x4e, 0x25, 0x76, 0xa7, 0xe3,
+ 0x98, 0xa1, 0x6f, 0xb6, 0x99, 0x32, 0x67, 0x7d, 0x46,
+ 0x42, 0x4a, 0x82, 0xd1, 0x29, 0x1b, 0x87, 0xeb, 0x4b,
+ 0x9e, 0xdf, 0x69, 0x75, 0xbd, 0x4f, 0xd3, 0xde, 0xc9,
+ 0x83, 0xe6, 0xd6, 0xea, 0x03, 0x81, 0x12, 0xf3, 0x5d,
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+ 0x3a, 0xf8, 0x8e, 0xe3, 0x9f, 0x88, 0xc5, 0x44, 0xfd,
+ 0x24, 0x69, 0x76, 0xd5, 0xcb, 0xdc, 0x9d, 0x12, 0xf3,
+ 0x13, 0x7e, 0xe7, 0xc3, 0xa8, 0x6a, 0xb2, 0xe0, 0xb3,
+ 0x1d, 0xab, 0x3b, 0xc9, 0x77, 0x3d, 0x0f, 0xc3, 0xbe,
+ 0x4b, 0x8b, 0x28, 0xbd, 0x7c, 0xe6, 0xb2, 0x06, 0x1f,
+ 0xf9, 0x8f, 0x16, 0x62, 0xbf, 0xc7, 0x55, 0x73, 0xd4,
+ 0xf1, 0x5a, 0x95, 0x80, 0xa3, 0x4e, 0xaa, 0x60, 0x17,
+ 0x3c, 0xc9, 0x5e, 0xd4, 0x0c, 0x56, 0x7a, 0x77, 0x8e,
+ 0x7f, 0x67, 0x08, 0x2f, 0xd9, 0x21, 0x19, 0xfd, 0x86,
+ 0x8c, 0x23, 0x8d, 0xf6, 0x92, 0x1f, 0x36, 0x2c, 0x7c,
+ 0x83, 0xbd, 0x2f, 0x6c, 0x63, 0x7c, 0xb7, 0x93, 0x74,
+ 0x1b, 0xc2, 0x95, 0x34, 0x26, 0x1e, 0x07, 0x87, 0x3a,
+ 0xb6, 0xe2, 0x39, 0x71, 0x9b, 0x20, 0xcd, 0x63, 0xf0,
+ 0xbf, 0x48, 0xb5, 0x0e, 0x49, 0x86, 0x50, 0x80, 0xbd,
+ 0xd6, 0x0e, 0xab, 0xd5, 0x69, 0x1b, 0xa4, 0xb3, 0x63,
+ 0x3c, 0x8f, 0xcb, 0x42, 0xdb, 0xd7, 0x1a, 0xf4, 0xdf,
+ 0x9e, 0x25, 0xfc, 0xd4, 0x00, 0xcb, 0xec, 0x57, 0x69,
+ 0x30, 0x15, 0x4d, 0x7a, 0x69, 0x28, 0x2f, 0x2b, 0x34,
+ 0x26, 0xd1, 0xe7, 0x01, 0x42, 0x5e, 0x02, 0xe2, 0x75,
+ 0xe8, 0x52, 0x8a, 0xb4, 0x71, 0xfa, 0xc3, 0x3d, 0xe6,
+ 0xac, 0xeb, 0xf3, 0x93, 0xe0, 0x37, 0xcd, 0x66, 0x92,
+ 0x66, 0x2c, 0xfe, 0x4b, 0xd6, 0x3c, 0xf1, 0x57, 0xe5,
+ 0xcf, 0xf5, 0xd0, 0xdb, 0x0e, 0x1f, 0x82, 0x65, 0x3b,
+ 0xab, 0x69, 0x42, 0x53, 0x7d, 0xa4, 0x7c, 0xb7, 0x86,
+ 0xeb, 0x23, 0x45, 0xa8, 0x4a, 0x73, 0xfc, 0x38, 0xc6,
+ 0xe5, 0x2c, 0xab, 0x80, 0xfb, 0x23, 0xb2, 0x0c, 0x53,
+ 0x28, 0x21, 0x37, 0x54, 0x9c, 0x72, 0x51, 0x0f, 0x44,
+ 0x50, 0xd3, 0xe1, 0xd5, 0xb2, 0x27, 0x83, 0xb6, 0xe9,
+ 0x4d, 0x64, 0x5c, 0x17, 0x0f, 0xe0, 0x13, 0xe4, 0x26,
+ 0x6b, 0xd0, 0xd8, 0x25, 0xe3, 0x69, 0x6a, 0x95, 0x3f,
+ 0x4a, 0x4e, 0xa0, 0x58, 0xbc, 0x28, 0x47, 0x8b, 0x68,
+ 0xe4, 0x41, 0x90, 0x46, 0x1b, 0x84, 0xa0, 0x7b, 0x46,
+ 0x46, 0x03, 0xee, 0x21, 0x0d, 0x34, 0xed, 0xff, 0x15,
+ 0x57, 0x06, 0xdf, 0x71, 0x09, 0xb2, 0x66, 0x0d, 0x6e,
+ 0xcc, 0xa5, 0x0c, 0xaf, 0x3f, 0x24, 0x8f, 0xd1, 0xc8,
+ 0x44, 0x86, 0xaf, 0xbf, 0xeb, 0x2f, 0xb9, 0xee, 0xa7,
+ 0xcf, 0xe4, 0xe8, 0xec, 0x47, 0x09, 0xd8, 0x95, 0x9e,
+ 0x3c, 0xda, 0x92, 0x41, 0x61, 0xf5, 0xc3, 0xec, 0x00,
+ 0xe4, 0xa3, 0x0d, 0x4a, 0xb3, 0xf6, 0x82, 0x05, 0x38,
+ 0x70, 0x6a, 0xd1, 0x28, 0x2c, 0xb3, 0xc6, 0xbb, 0x38,
+ 0xb3, 0x06, 0x7f, 0xd6, 0x4c, 0xe7, 0xfb, 0xef, 0x0d,
+ 0x52, 0x66, 0xbe, 0xd8, 0xa6, 0x6f, 0xe8, 0xd9, 0x42,
+ 0x4f, 0xad, 0xe8, 0xe8, 0x6c, 0xf9, 0xe9, 0x42, 0xd9,
+ 0x66, 0x6e, 0xec, 0xfe, 0xf5, 0x91, 0xbf, 0x0a, 0x98,
+ 0xd8, 0x7b, 0x23, 0x12, 0xa6, 0x04, 0xa8, 0xb3, 0x61,
+ 0x13, 0x65, 0xc0, 0xe2, 0x82, 0xb9, 0xb2, 0x38, 0x07,
+ 0x06, 0xca, 0x64, 0x6c, 0x23, 0x93, 0x60, 0x1d, 0x4d,
+ 0x38, 0x5e, 0x8e, 0x90, 0x16, 0x4a, 0xfd, 0xb3, 0xcd,
+ 0x84, 0x9c, 0xa5, 0xfa, 0x73, 0x2d, 0xcb, 0x87, 0x31,
+ 0x3d, 0xf8, 0xfc, 0xeb, 0xa7, 0x56, 0x2f, 0x5b, 0x95,
+ 0x9a, 0xc6, 0x82, 0x29, 0x86, 0x47, 0xe2, 0xc2, 0x84,
+ 0x01, 0xaf, 0xc8, 0x0b, 0x2d, 0xfb, 0x34, 0xba, 0x5d,
+ 0x9d, 0xd1, 0x85, 0xd5, 0x1e, 0x63, 0xcb, 0x3c, 0xa8,
+ 0xfa, 0x79, 0xef, 0x12, 0xa6, 0xb5, 0xdb, 0xc5, 0x1d,
+ 0x6a, 0xa7, 0x54, 0x58, 0x0c, 0xbe, 0x61, 0xe5, 0x96,
+ 0x7f, 0x4a, 0x3b, 0x59, 0x32, 0x2d, 0x06, 0x44, 0x83,
+ 0x5c, 0xad, 0xe9, 0xfe, 0x7c, 0xd7, 0x5b, 0x34, 0xa1,
+ 0xa3, 0xad, 0x9a, 0xbf, 0xd5, 0x30, 0xf0, 0x22, 0xfc,
+ 0x94, 0x7f, 0xd4, 0xa4, 0xca, 0x88, 0x31, 0xe7, 0xf2,
+ 0x89, 0x2d, 0xda, 0xe6, 0x91, 0xa6, 0x27, 0x22, 0x74,
+ 0x9f, 0xc6, 0x72, 0x4f, 0xf6, 0xa9, 0xfe, 0x7a, 0xf0,
+ 0xa8, 0x6b, 0x6c, 0x9f, 0xe9, 0x2a, 0x9b, 0x23, 0x9e,
+ 0xb8, 0x2b, 0x29, 0x65, 0xa7, 0x5d, 0xbd, 0x10, 0xe4,
+ 0x56, 0x02, 0x94, 0xdd, 0xd1, 0xab, 0x9b, 0x82, 0x2d,
+ 0x8d, 0xf6, 0xd3, 0x65, 0x63, 0x4a, 0xc4, 0x86, 0x61,
+ 0x37, 0x9f, 0xdb, 0x4b, 0x34, 0x20, 0x0a, 0xca, 0x45,
+ 0x6c, 0x06, 0xc4, 0x9c, 0x74, 0x4d, 0x83, 0x6a, 0x8d,
+ 0xad, 0xc6, 0x61, 0x3a, 0x8d, 0xde, 0x6c, 0xf9, 0x8e,
+ 0x33, 0xa2, 0xee, 0x99, 0xc7, 0xe4, 0x52, 0xb2, 0x44,
+ 0x6f, 0x2f, 0x0f, 0x41, 0xa9, 0x1a, 0xd3, 0x96, 0x42,
+ 0xc6, 0x49, 0x12, 0x6a, 0xf0, 0x29, 0xa9, 0x0c, 0x9c,
+ 0x50, 0x5d, 0x1d, 0xd1, 0x42, 0x7e, 0x6f, 0x36, 0x48,
+ 0x0f, 0x58, 0x14, 0x94, 0xc0, 0x10, 0x1e, 0xe0, 0xb2,
+ 0xdd, 0xba, 0x57, 0x91, 0x4d, 0xd5, 0xdc, 0xa6, 0x4c,
+ 0x68, 0x00, 0x6c, 0xb3, 0x5d, 0x32, 0x13, 0xbe, 0xa8,
+ 0xc3, 0xfb, 0xd4, 0x19, 0x40, 0xf5, 0x6f, 0x63, 0xa1,
+ 0x07, 0xbf, 0xa2, 0x8b, 0xfc, 0xfe, 0xf8, 0xa1, 0x33,
+ 0x70, 0x07, 0x6d, 0xc5, 0x72, 0xa0, 0x39, 0xd6, 0xd7,
+ 0x76, 0x6c, 0xfa, 0x1f, 0x04, 0xd6, 0x23, 0xbf, 0x66,
+ 0x78, 0x92, 0x00, 0x11, 0x8a, 0x75, 0x67, 0x44, 0xa6,
+ 0x7c, 0xd0, 0x14, 0xe6, 0xd0, 0x31, 0x6d, 0xdb, 0xc5,
+ 0xb1, 0xa7, 0x99, 0xc3, 0xaf, 0x18, 0x7a, 0x26, 0x46,
+ 0xad, 0x6d, 0x0c, 0xb6, 0xb5, 0xad, 0xc1, 0xcf, 0x60,
+ 0x99, 0xf5, 0x9f, 0x88, 0xaf, 0x0e, 0x37, 0x15, 0xf9,
+ 0x2b, 0x1a, 0x5f, 0xfb, 0xc9, 0xf8, 0xd4, 0xf0, 0x97,
+ 0xd2, 0x91, 0xf4, 0x94, 0xa2, 0xd3, 0x3b, 0x8b, 0x0c,
+ 0x22, 0xa0, 0xac, 0xb3, 0xb5, 0xdf, 0xf2, 0x27, 0x38,
+ 0x47, 0x53, 0x5b, 0x6e, 0x8f, 0x98, 0x9e, 0xad, 0xb6,
+ 0xf5, 0x0e, 0x17, 0x20, 0x35, 0x54, 0x6b, 0x73, 0xa6,
+ 0x64, 0x65, 0xac, 0xb8, 0xc1, 0xd3, 0xf7, 0x07, 0x82,
+ 0x93, 0x9d, 0xcb, 0xcc, 0xe9, 0x0c, 0x51, 0x52, 0x85,
+ 0x8b, 0x95, 0xa6, 0xb1, 0xce, 0xdc, 0xfa, 0x00, 0x00,
+ 0x08, 0x14, 0x1c, 0x23, 0x2a, 0x35,
+ },
+};
+
+static const struct mldsa_testvector mldsa87_testvector = {
+ .alg = MLDSA87,
+ .pk_len = MLDSA87_PUBLIC_KEY_SIZE,
+ .pk =
+ (const u8[MLDSA87_PUBLIC_KEY_SIZE]) {
+ 0xd4, 0x9d, 0xdc, 0x3d, 0xa4, 0xa5, 0x87, 0xa5, 0x54,
+ 0x61, 0xf3, 0xf4, 0xe0, 0x11, 0xc9, 0x1c, 0x78, 0x0a,
+ 0xf1, 0x8a, 0xa8, 0xb2, 0xff, 0xb2, 0x9a, 0x2c, 0xe0,
+ 0x86, 0x5c, 0xaa, 0x86, 0xe0, 0xd9, 0x42, 0x54, 0x18,
+ 0x3e, 0x4c, 0x96, 0x1a, 0xb4, 0xc7, 0x18, 0xcf, 0x7d,
+ 0xca, 0xe2, 0x74, 0x6c, 0x81, 0x3e, 0xcb, 0xf8, 0x7b,
+ 0xc4, 0x90, 0x50, 0xd5, 0xe8, 0xd3, 0xbc, 0x8b, 0xa8,
+ 0x3e, 0xb0, 0x96, 0x65, 0xd7, 0xbb, 0xa9, 0xab, 0x9c,
+ 0x82, 0x5e, 0x6e, 0x8d, 0xf8, 0xc3, 0x6d, 0xe9, 0xbf,
+ 0xbd, 0x30, 0xc9, 0xca, 0x47, 0x85, 0xae, 0x6f, 0x5d,
+ 0x09, 0x4d, 0xd7, 0xdd, 0x05, 0x51, 0xe0, 0x9e, 0x94,
+ 0x3b, 0x1d, 0xfa, 0x30, 0x57, 0xdc, 0x58, 0x48, 0xe5,
+ 0x45, 0xf3, 0x34, 0x8a, 0x73, 0x66, 0x8a, 0xe0, 0x62,
+ 0x3d, 0x0d, 0xfb, 0x13, 0x52, 0x25, 0xf5, 0xd3, 0x94,
+ 0x15, 0x9d, 0xac, 0x6a, 0x74, 0x8a, 0x64, 0x91, 0x5b,
+ 0xa3, 0xe2, 0xd0, 0x5c, 0xd2, 0xee, 0x52, 0xc0, 0x0c,
+ 0x6c, 0x81, 0x34, 0x94, 0xfb, 0x87, 0xf6, 0x6b, 0x0f,
+ 0x7e, 0x99, 0xa7, 0xaf, 0xb3, 0x74, 0xa7, 0xb6, 0x64,
+ 0xd7, 0x36, 0x39, 0x3f, 0x7d, 0x0e, 0xc3, 0x76, 0xb3,
+ 0x3a, 0xc9, 0x94, 0x6f, 0xc0, 0xaa, 0x92, 0x2a, 0xf1,
+ 0x38, 0x8c, 0x62, 0xa1, 0x9a, 0xbe, 0x8d, 0x32, 0xec,
+ 0x05, 0xb9, 0x8d, 0xb0, 0xdb, 0x37, 0x8d, 0x61, 0xfa,
+ 0x79, 0x55, 0x1d, 0xf2, 0xc3, 0x19, 0x15, 0x3b, 0x26,
+ 0xef, 0xe5, 0xf3, 0x29, 0xa1, 0x13, 0x60, 0x68, 0xd3,
+ 0x22, 0x57, 0xcd, 0x99, 0xe6, 0x22, 0x54, 0xdf, 0x02,
+ 0xe4, 0xd5, 0xd2, 0x66, 0xce, 0x5a, 0x90, 0x13, 0x7e,
+ 0x7c, 0xad, 0x4c, 0x4c, 0xb6, 0x93, 0x65, 0xda, 0x4b,
+ 0xb6, 0x13, 0x0e, 0x1b, 0x36, 0xaa, 0x2c, 0xbd, 0x60,
+ 0x57, 0x98, 0x35, 0xa9, 0xe9, 0xad, 0xc5, 0x8e, 0x33,
+ 0x47, 0x00, 0xe9, 0xf2, 0x1b, 0xe7, 0x5a, 0xd0, 0x55,
+ 0x3b, 0x0e, 0x77, 0x09, 0x7e, 0x1f, 0x11, 0x0b, 0xf0,
+ 0xe4, 0x07, 0x27, 0xe7, 0x72, 0xe9, 0x50, 0x9c, 0x9c,
+ 0x84, 0xb0, 0x5c, 0xe0, 0x13, 0x79, 0xfa, 0x3f, 0x80,
+ 0x96, 0xe2, 0x04, 0xde, 0x35, 0x5f, 0xa4, 0x4e, 0x8a,
+ 0x12, 0x7a, 0xba, 0x53, 0x20, 0x36, 0x3d, 0xf0, 0x63,
+ 0xb6, 0x14, 0xab, 0xce, 0x6b, 0x24, 0xfd, 0xc9, 0xd2,
+ 0x52, 0xd9, 0xc0, 0x40, 0xdf, 0xdd, 0xd5, 0xc2, 0xa0,
+ 0xf5, 0x74, 0x46, 0x17, 0xdc, 0xf5, 0x81, 0x68, 0xbd,
+ 0x1a, 0x01, 0x33, 0xd0, 0x2f, 0xdc, 0x3a, 0x43, 0x4a,
+ 0x08, 0x07, 0x98, 0x9f, 0x75, 0x5d, 0x70, 0x15, 0x1d,
+ 0x58, 0x7f, 0x26, 0x30, 0x28, 0xe1, 0x17, 0x6d, 0x14,
+ 0x0f, 0x01, 0x4a, 0x88, 0x3b, 0xf5, 0x70, 0x1d, 0x97,
+ 0xd5, 0xda, 0x18, 0xa8, 0xb3, 0xa4, 0x0e, 0x04, 0x3f,
+ 0xe8, 0x50, 0xf4, 0x87, 0x65, 0x75, 0x5a, 0x5d, 0x2f,
+ 0x94, 0x63, 0x7a, 0xd0, 0x06, 0xce, 0xfb, 0xeb, 0x41,
+ 0x65, 0xc9, 0x55, 0x38, 0x54, 0xd3, 0xc4, 0xac, 0x24,
+ 0x46, 0x06, 0x2a, 0x87, 0xb1, 0x0f, 0x06, 0xd8, 0x1e,
+ 0xa7, 0x35, 0xc4, 0xa3, 0xdc, 0x60, 0x80, 0x83, 0xe7,
+ 0xf0, 0x74, 0xf6, 0xd6, 0xa7, 0x1d, 0x50, 0xff, 0xba,
+ 0x82, 0xc0, 0xca, 0x72, 0x6b, 0xda, 0x4a, 0xcb, 0x3b,
+ 0xe8, 0xa3, 0xaa, 0x32, 0x86, 0xc0, 0x94, 0x75, 0x2b,
+ 0x2f, 0x44, 0xad, 0x5b, 0x8d, 0xab, 0xc2, 0x03, 0x55,
+ 0xb1, 0x7e, 0x67, 0x07, 0x39, 0x33, 0x83, 0x67, 0xec,
+ 0xbf, 0x52, 0xad, 0x55, 0x37, 0x3e, 0xa1, 0x41, 0xed,
+ 0xa0, 0x91, 0xbf, 0x28, 0x1b, 0x04, 0x32, 0xbf, 0xf1,
+ 0xb0, 0x0a, 0x11, 0x99, 0x98, 0x77, 0xee, 0x14, 0x13,
+ 0x15, 0x13, 0xad, 0x1f, 0xb6, 0x6b, 0xcd, 0x3b, 0xb8,
+ 0x75, 0x9a, 0x55, 0x9b, 0x0c, 0x6c, 0xf7, 0x7c, 0x21,
+ 0x06, 0xb7, 0xf0, 0x43, 0x41, 0x96, 0xc1, 0x73, 0x44,
+ 0x53, 0xd8, 0x18, 0x3e, 0x09, 0x4e, 0xc2, 0x5f, 0xa0,
+ 0xd5, 0x18, 0xdb, 0x9f, 0xf4, 0xa0, 0xf8, 0x4d, 0xa7,
+ 0x72, 0x7e, 0x85, 0xbb, 0xb7, 0xcc, 0x7b, 0x51, 0xb0,
+ 0xf1, 0x5e, 0x03, 0xcd, 0xe8, 0x5b, 0x83, 0x3f, 0x95,
+ 0xe2, 0x0b, 0xa1, 0xc7, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x98, 0xcd, 0x95,
+ 0xf4, 0xd4, 0xb8, 0x40, 0xff, 0x75, 0x54, 0x83, 0x3a,
+ 0x2c, 0x64, 0x38, 0x10, 0xcb, 0x6d, 0xad, 0xf9, 0x91,
+ 0xcb, 0xcf, 0xbe, 0xf6, 0xf7, 0x94, 0x15, 0xea, 0xaf,
+ 0x37, 0x65, 0x7c, 0xd2, 0xff, 0x99, 0x79, 0xf8, 0x95,
+ 0x27, 0x75, 0x09, 0x60, 0xa4, 0x6f, 0x06, 0x0f, 0x6c,
+ 0x13, 0xdd, 0x32, 0x79, 0xa7, 0x40, 0xa5, 0xdd, 0x2c,
+ 0x22, 0xc1, 0xee, 0xc3, 0x31, 0x59, 0xb1, 0x3d, 0xa1,
+ 0x77, 0x69, 0xb5, 0xd6, 0xae, 0xd7, 0x86, 0xab, 0xa4,
+ 0xdf, 0x9f, 0x36, 0xb4, 0xb2, 0xe6, 0x88, 0xd6, 0x45,
+ 0x9b, 0x8b, 0x87, 0xbd, 0x27, 0xe9, 0x55, 0xd5, 0xac,
+ 0xe9, 0x33, 0x80, 0x00, 0x1d, 0x00, 0x21, 0x74, 0xe2,
+ 0x0a, 0x5b, 0xd2, 0x37, 0xab, 0x6f, 0x48, 0x5e, 0x14,
+ 0x76, 0x3a, 0x84, 0xf9, 0x34, 0x03, 0x74, 0x8d, 0x6c,
+ 0xd8, 0xd4, 0x0f, 0xc7, 0xc8, 0x0c, 0xb5, 0x18, 0x12,
+ 0xa5, 0x5a, 0x76, 0x4b, 0x5d, 0x1e, 0x75, 0x89, 0x3a,
+ 0x01, 0x60, 0xf1, 0x1e, 0x5b, 0x98, 0x71, 0x7a, 0x15,
+ 0x79, 0xff, 0x3d, 0x37, 0x5e, 0xc9, 0x56, 0xa5, 0x43,
+ 0xe7, 0xd0, 0x2b, 0x63, 0xfb, 0x2f, 0x1a, 0x55, 0x37,
+ 0x15, 0x02, 0x7f, 0x9a, 0x84, 0xf0, 0x07, 0x45, 0x2b,
+ 0xa0, 0x9a, 0xb4, 0x60, 0x4d, 0x48, 0xd5, 0xee, 0x64,
+ 0xf9, 0xe7, 0x4b, 0x1c, 0xb9, 0x05, 0xd1, 0xd1, 0x47,
+ 0x4f, 0xca, 0x26, 0x32, 0xad, 0x7b, 0x2e, 0x7e, 0x54,
+ 0x05, 0x96, 0x12, 0x29, 0xbc, 0xd3, 0x45, 0x4e, 0x05,
+ 0x83, 0x6d, 0x30, 0x38, 0xd0, 0x3c, 0x46, 0xcd, 0xb6,
+ 0x21, 0xb6, 0x5c, 0x2a, 0x40, 0x7a, 0x2e, 0x97, 0xd7,
+ 0xbf, 0xa6, 0x55, 0x2a, 0xa6, 0x28, 0x54, 0xc4, 0x66,
+ 0xbe, 0xf6, 0xea, 0xc1, 0x19, 0xcb, 0xcc, 0x52, 0x07,
+ 0xcd, 0x90, 0x3f, 0x09, 0x23, 0x77, 0xf7, 0xc6, 0x03,
+ 0xcc, 0x8b, 0x18, 0xac, 0x63, 0x6d, 0x2a, 0x01, 0x82,
+ 0xad, 0x20, 0x11, 0x82, 0xf3, 0xfe, 0x2d, 0x53, 0x3f,
+ 0x18, 0xb5, 0xbc, 0xf7, 0x0c, 0xa7, 0xca, 0x63, 0xfa,
+ 0x77, 0x8a, 0x3c, 0xc1, 0xc4, 0xb0, 0x15, 0x4b, 0x08,
+ 0xdd, 0xb3, 0xd2, 0x33, 0xc8, 0xc2, 0xaa, 0x1a, 0xe4,
+ 0x9b, 0x1b, 0x18, 0x78, 0x07, 0x6c, 0x08, 0x28, 0x3f,
+ 0xc6, 0xb7, 0x46, 0x8f, 0x8e, 0xc6, 0xff, 0xb1, 0x2d,
+ 0x63, 0x12, 0x7c, 0xe5, 0xd8, 0xa5, 0xf8, 0x64, 0x76,
+ 0xf7, 0x1b, 0xbc, 0x41, 0xad, 0xee, 0xe8, 0x6f, 0xd4,
+ 0x13, 0xea, 0x59, 0x72, 0xfa, 0x04, 0xb4, 0x6e, 0x52,
+ 0x3a, 0xff, 0x60, 0xa0, 0xd8, 0xdf, 0x41, 0x1a, 0x4e,
+ 0xc8, 0x80, 0x2d, 0x29, 0x13, 0xd3, 0xd0, 0x55, 0x20,
+ 0xb5, 0x33, 0x4f, 0x02, 0xd2, 0xea, 0xca, 0x94, 0x99,
+ 0xdf, 0x3c, 0xfd, 0xe5, 0x2b, 0x45, 0x04, 0x85, 0xfe,
+ 0x87, 0x42, 0x53, 0x11, 0x62, 0x2f, 0xcf, 0x05, 0x35,
+ 0x29, 0x6a, 0xa5, 0x37, 0x80, 0x9b, 0x4a, 0x44, 0x3c,
+ 0x6d, 0xe1, 0xd3, 0x88, 0x6a, 0xe7, 0x6f, 0x45, 0xfc,
+ 0x99, 0x33, 0xe4, 0x18, 0x62, 0x19, 0x36, 0x37, 0x6f,
+ 0xe9, 0x37, 0xbb, 0x86, 0xa2, 0x07, 0xec, 0xbc, 0x33,
+ 0x0d, 0x0a, 0x18, 0x30, 0x13, 0xcf, 0x36, 0x31, 0x2f,
+ 0xd2, 0xf6, 0x7e, 0xa8, 0xa4, 0x95, 0x71, 0xc8, 0x40,
+ 0x1f, 0x34, 0xf1, 0x95, 0xde, 0x3e, 0xe1, 0xb7, 0xef,
+ 0x26, 0x1e, 0x20, 0x78, 0xf8, 0x9a, 0x24, 0xbc, 0x7f,
+ 0x64, 0x30, 0x42, 0x63, 0x77, 0x89, 0x96, 0xf8, 0x9b,
+ 0x60, 0x51, 0xb3, 0x02, 0x7a, 0x64, 0x19, 0xd3, 0x13,
+ 0x98, 0xcd, 0xb6, 0x1e, 0x68, 0x82, 0x9b, 0x23, 0x44,
+ 0x3e, 0xa8, 0x57, 0xf5, 0x4d, 0xd8, 0xea, 0x93, 0x84,
+ 0x4e, 0x56, 0x18, 0xb7, 0x94, 0x02, 0xfa, 0x6e, 0x8e,
+ 0xa0, 0x75, 0xd2, 0xb4, 0xbb, 0x50, 0x6f, 0x3f, 0x58,
+ 0xe2, 0x28, 0xb6, 0x87, 0xd6, 0xc5, 0xe0, 0x76, 0xa6,
+ 0xc6, 0x5b, 0xed, 0x6b, 0x48, 0xd4, 0x25, 0xd3, 0x5f,
+ 0x64, 0xab, 0xe3, 0x5a, 0xae, 0x69, 0xe8, 0x06, 0xff,
+ 0xef, 0x67, 0x0b, 0x49, 0xe4, 0xe8, 0x31, 0xee, 0x1a,
+ 0x35, 0x86, 0x0c, 0x81, 0x8a, 0x1f, 0x7f, 0x06, 0x20,
+ 0x66, 0x81, 0x8b, 0xfb, 0xdc, 0x99, 0x78, 0x7b, 0x43,
+ 0x84, 0x35, 0xa7, 0x4f, 0x27, 0xb5, 0xc9, 0x44, 0xbf,
+ 0x05, 0x59, 0xce, 0x4c, 0xe5, 0xaa, 0x18, 0x37, 0x32,
+ 0x5b, 0x41, 0x62, 0x89, 0x0a, 0xec, 0x0a, 0xae, 0x67,
+ 0xcf, 0x0b, 0xef, 0xf6, 0x3a, 0x3b, 0x13, 0x1d, 0xf8,
+ 0x8b, 0x20, 0x5f, 0x2c, 0x55, 0x75, 0xec, 0xf4, 0x9d,
+ 0x2d, 0x0d, 0x0d, 0xb7, 0x88, 0x71, 0xf7, 0xc6, 0xf8,
+ 0x65, 0x1a, 0xba, 0xdb, 0xdc, 0x53, 0xd2, 0x80, 0x92,
+ 0x72, 0x14, 0xce, 0x68, 0xb8, 0xf4, 0x78, 0x4b, 0x92,
+ 0xee, 0x15, 0xfc, 0xd4, 0xe0, 0x89, 0x49, 0x82, 0xf8,
+ 0x7f, 0xce, 0xf6, 0xce, 0x86, 0xfa, 0xa5, 0xd9, 0x3a,
+ 0xfb, 0xef, 0xa8, 0xd9, 0x3b, 0x6e, 0xb5, 0xe2, 0x29,
+ 0x31, 0x6f, 0x5f, 0xa7, 0x34, 0x58, 0x49, 0x07, 0x9c,
+ 0x4d, 0x74, 0x46, 0xb6, 0xd5, 0x0c, 0x3c, 0x26, 0x4b,
+ 0xee, 0x37, 0x9c, 0x92, 0xa2, 0x37, 0x95, 0x35, 0x71,
+ 0xee, 0x46, 0xdd, 0xef, 0xd0, 0xf2, 0xd4, 0xef, 0xe0,
+ 0xdb, 0x28, 0xf4, 0x5d, 0x12, 0xe0, 0x85, 0x4a, 0x3c,
+ 0x5b, 0x2f, 0xd8, 0x9c, 0x9a, 0xcf, 0x6f, 0x01, 0xe7,
+ 0x1b, 0x2e, 0x41, 0x5d, 0x5d, 0xdd, 0xdd, 0xb6, 0x6d,
+ 0xb3, 0x7d, 0xbc, 0x33, 0x50, 0xc5, 0xaf, 0x1b, 0xee,
+ 0x33, 0xc4, 0x42, 0x46, 0xca, 0xe2, 0x00, 0xe9, 0xc9,
+ 0xec, 0x9e, 0x9b, 0x67, 0xba, 0x39, 0x3c, 0xc5, 0xa1,
+ 0x7d, 0xac, 0x9e, 0xbe, 0x67, 0x92, 0x20, 0x5b, 0x36,
+ 0x85, 0xde, 0xdd, 0xd3, 0xec, 0x4e, 0x82, 0x03, 0x4a,
+ 0x44, 0x6e, 0xee, 0x9c, 0xd0, 0x13, 0x9e, 0x98, 0x6f,
+ 0x77, 0xd8, 0xfe, 0xb7, 0x54, 0x01, 0x15, 0xcd, 0xd3,
+ 0x31, 0xf5, 0xd7, 0x74, 0x2d, 0x4d, 0x4f, 0x18, 0xd2,
+ 0x8f, 0x80, 0xb6, 0x46, 0x80, 0xa7, 0xa8, 0x8c, 0xf2,
+ 0x64, 0x4f, 0x40, 0x8a, 0x64, 0x96, 0x2c, 0x1e, 0xd2,
+ 0x3c, 0xe9, 0x50, 0xc4, 0x86, 0xd9, 0x19, 0x93, 0x7a,
+ 0xba, 0x95, 0x35, 0x35, 0xe3, 0x4d, 0x83, 0xda, 0x15,
+ 0x09, 0x87, 0xb8, 0x1a, 0x54, 0x6f, 0x61, 0xdd, 0x55,
+ 0x01, 0xe1, 0x39, 0x1c, 0xb2, 0xac, 0x8c, 0x15, 0x82,
+ 0x7c, 0xa6, 0x69, 0x54, 0x64, 0x2f, 0x5c, 0x0c, 0x79,
+ 0xaf, 0x85, 0x71, 0x2d, 0xff, 0xc0, 0xf2, 0x40, 0xbb,
+ 0x05, 0x31, 0x31, 0x00, 0x8d, 0x0c, 0x40, 0x11, 0x88,
+ 0xf2, 0x91, 0x9f, 0x7a, 0x8e, 0x99, 0x82, 0x72, 0xd8,
+ 0x45, 0x08, 0x83, 0x5c, 0x2b, 0x73, 0x46, 0xd6, 0x54,
+ 0x9a, 0x3d, 0x42, 0x48, 0x67, 0x19, 0x2b, 0x19, 0xae,
+ 0x0c, 0x16, 0x08, 0xa4, 0xec, 0x7e, 0x15, 0xad, 0x4f,
+ 0xa9, 0xbd, 0x4f, 0x09, 0xf0, 0xc2, 0x9f, 0xb5, 0xb7,
+ 0xff, 0x96, 0xf9, 0xf9, 0xc6, 0x5d, 0x57, 0x07, 0xe8,
+ 0xf2, 0x7c, 0x95, 0xa0, 0x8a, 0x15, 0x8b, 0x34, 0x84,
+ 0xb5, 0x28, 0x7a, 0xf5, 0x04, 0xb8, 0xcb, 0x5e, 0x77,
+ 0x4d, 0xdd, 0x14, 0x8d, 0xa6, 0xe2, 0x45, 0x44, 0xfd,
+ 0xd0, 0x9c, 0x41, 0x10, 0xfc, 0xe5, 0xdd, 0x2c, 0xda,
+ 0x6b, 0xfe, 0xf9, 0xff, 0x65, 0xe7, 0x66, 0x40, 0x69,
+ 0x0c, 0x09, 0x99, 0xaf, 0x02, 0xd0, 0x85, 0x55, 0xcc,
+ 0x0d, 0x59, 0xaa, 0xb6, 0x37, 0x9b, 0x58, 0xfa, 0xb5,
+ 0xc5, 0xcd, 0xd5, 0x1c, 0xf9, 0x9f, 0x31, 0x4c, 0x8a,
+ 0x78, 0xca, 0x1e, 0x22, 0xdc, 0x33, 0x64, 0xce, 0x56,
+ 0x6d, 0x57, 0xe9, 0xbd, 0xe0, 0xdd, 0x23, 0x22, 0x9c,
+ 0x70, 0x5a, 0xe7, 0x46, 0x08, 0xc5, 0xa6, 0x85, 0x34,
+ 0x5f, 0x9c, 0x96, 0xbb, 0xbe, 0xb4, 0x2f, 0xbb, 0x47,
+ 0xdc, 0x38, 0xad, 0xb7, 0x92, 0x08, 0x0d, 0x93, 0xf4,
+ 0x7f, 0xe6, 0x64, 0xa5, 0xb3, 0x9e, 0xdd, 0xdb, 0x99,
+ 0x8e, 0xca, 0x82, 0x4f, 0x77, 0xf7, 0xff, 0x92, 0xd3,
+ 0x48, 0xe0, 0x80, 0x71, 0x14, 0x61, 0x6b, 0x77, 0x1b,
+ 0x58, 0xbd, 0xb6, 0xb6, 0xe5, 0xb0, 0xa8, 0x16, 0xe7,
+ 0x4c, 0xc2, 0x5e, 0x40, 0xbc, 0x9f, 0x77, 0x76, 0x98,
+ 0xf7, 0x00, 0xd1, 0xdf, 0x3c, 0x2e, 0x16, 0x4f, 0xe7,
+ 0x91, 0xec, 0xeb, 0xfb, 0xa1, 0x9f, 0x66, 0x6d, 0xef,
+ 0xaf, 0x36, 0xd8, 0xb6, 0x40, 0x7e, 0x2f, 0x51, 0x3b,
+ 0x75, 0x56, 0x1d, 0x33, 0xee, 0x4b, 0xcf, 0x98, 0xb3,
+ 0x9f, 0x4f, 0xff, 0xfd, 0x2a, 0xb9, 0x4e, 0x4b, 0xe0,
+ 0x39, 0x60, 0xd5, 0x7c, 0xaa, 0x28, 0x7e, 0x7e, 0x27,
+ 0xd8, 0x09, 0x85, 0x6d, 0xfa, 0x57, 0x8a, 0xee, 0x84,
+ 0xbe, 0x48, 0xf9, 0x62, 0x78, 0x8a, 0x4d, 0x2a, 0x80,
+ 0x2f, 0x6f, 0xc9, 0xa7, 0xb5, 0x56, 0xbb, 0x58, 0xc2,
+ 0xb9, 0xd0, 0xfe, 0x8d, 0x68, 0x86, 0x2b, 0x7b, 0xf0,
+ 0x01, 0x57, 0xff, 0xaf, 0x88, 0xad, 0x53, 0xf9, 0x63,
+ 0xfe, 0xf4, 0x5a, 0x97, 0xb7, 0x8f, 0x92, 0x0f, 0x90,
+ 0x63, 0xcf, 0xfe, 0x08, 0xbc, 0x8c, 0x5a, 0x9c, 0xac,
+ 0x8b, 0x0a, 0x94, 0x17, 0x25, 0xae, 0x87, 0xa7, 0x1d,
+ 0x3f, 0x28, 0xfe, 0x45, 0x3e, 0x48, 0xef, 0x19, 0x4a,
+ 0xbe, 0xc6, 0xd5, 0x64, 0xe1, 0xf2, 0xf5, 0xd2, 0x3a,
+ 0x03, 0xe0, 0x50, 0x31, 0x7e, 0xdf, 0xd5, 0x15, 0xc6,
+ 0xb6, 0xb2, 0x1e, 0x44, 0x6a, 0x0f, 0x67, 0xf2, 0x34,
+ 0x69, 0xb9, 0xd2, 0x51, 0xeb, 0x86, 0xab, 0x7e, 0x60,
+ 0x68, 0xe4, 0xc2, 0x4b, 0x8b, 0xa2, 0xc6, 0x78, 0xb2,
+ 0x61, 0xa1, 0xe5, 0xb6, 0x33, 0x47, 0x3f, 0xfa, 0xde,
+ 0x5b, 0x6b, 0x95, 0x89, 0x51, 0xbb, 0xd3, 0x8a, 0x00,
+ 0x1d, 0xad, 0xfc, 0x7a, 0x47, 0xc8, 0xa0, 0x69, 0xa6,
+ 0xa3, 0x3f, 0xa9, 0xdb, 0xd8, 0xe4, 0x0d, 0x2c, 0xba,
+ 0x26, 0x2c, 0xa6, 0x82, 0x62, 0x5a, 0x1e, 0x9f, 0xa8,
+ 0x24, 0x9d, 0xe5, 0xc7, 0xcf, 0x6d, 0x2f, 0x68, 0xe1,
+ 0xc0, 0x04, 0xad, 0xde, 0x00, 0x5b, 0x57, 0x35, 0x2b,
+ 0x9a, 0x9b, 0xe5, 0x90, 0x31, 0x8a, 0x5b, 0xea, 0xe5,
+ 0xf6, 0x73, 0x02, 0xc1, 0x33, 0xaf, 0xe7, 0x61, 0x6c,
+ 0x04, 0x8c, 0x08, 0xb2, 0xfb, 0xa2, 0x18, 0x51, 0x39,
+ 0x1a, 0x61, 0x2c, 0x8c, 0x7d, 0x11, 0xb8, 0x2e, 0x38,
+ 0xb7, 0xe0, 0xde, 0x5e, 0x6f, 0xc5, 0xf4, 0x31, 0x72,
+ 0xcb, 0xd6, 0xec, 0xbc, 0xe9, 0x36, 0x2e, 0x2b, 0x63,
+ 0xea, 0xa1, 0xab, 0xf8, 0x11, 0xe7, 0x31, 0xad, 0xe4,
+ 0xcb, 0x23, 0xe4, 0x64, 0x54, 0x50, 0x4f, 0x15, 0x8b,
+ 0x58, 0xa4, 0xa1, 0x35, 0xea, 0x73, 0x3e, 0xc3, 0x3e,
+ 0x31, 0x81, 0x80, 0x53, 0x6a, 0x2c, 0xfe, 0xd7, 0xd8,
+ 0x8f, 0xe7, 0x50, 0x2d, 0x99, 0x69, 0x32, 0xfa, 0x4e,
+ 0xb4, 0xf9, 0x89, 0x18, 0xbe, 0x5a, 0x95, 0x7a, 0x0f,
+ 0x34, 0xc5, 0xd9, 0x28, 0xff, 0x93, 0x3a, 0x13, 0x22,
+ 0xe6, 0xdb, 0x5c, 0xfe, 0x51, 0x05, 0xaf, 0xa3, 0xcd,
+ 0x17, 0x01, 0xd1, 0x84, 0x76, 0x23, 0xff, 0x91, 0xc4,
+ 0x6b, 0xc7, 0xa8, 0x77, 0xe0, 0xda, 0x45, 0xef, 0xd7,
+ 0x13, 0xe3, 0x02, 0x7c, 0x74, 0x7e, 0x66, 0xbb, 0x9f,
+ 0x48, 0x35, 0x56, 0xa8, 0x08, 0x41, 0xf7, 0xa7, 0xe3,
+ 0x60, 0xa6, 0xce, 0x73, 0xdf, 0x73, 0x99, 0xc6, 0xbd,
+ 0x7b, 0xb4, 0xde, 0x31, 0xe6, 0x35, 0xaf, 0x3e, 0x93,
+ 0xd2, 0x69, 0xb5, 0xb9, 0xbe, 0x9f, 0xf4, 0x0d, 0xd8,
+ 0x82, 0xc1, 0x4f, 0xf6, 0xf3, 0x23, 0x1c, 0xe7, 0xff,
+ 0xac, 0xb2, 0x79, 0xe3, 0x62, 0x6a, 0xb7, 0x85, 0x08,
+ 0xda, 0x4a, 0x3f, 0x22, 0x62, 0x2b, 0xcd, 0xb7, 0x59,
+ 0xf5, 0x82, 0xef, 0x08, 0x7f, 0xb5, 0xa0, 0x6c, 0xba,
+ 0x61, 0x45, 0x8f, 0xf4, 0xa2, 0x66, 0x83, 0x72, 0x65,
+ 0x34, 0x34, 0x68, 0x99, 0xf5, 0x99, 0xc9, 0x52, 0x6a,
+ 0xc2, 0x7f, 0xde, 0x25, 0xa3, 0x7b, 0xce, 0xa3, 0xde,
+ 0x6d, 0x62, 0x98, 0x84, 0xe4, 0x2a, 0xe1, 0x1c, 0xa9,
+ 0x0b, 0x7e, 0x45, 0xd3, 0x78, 0x40, 0x85, 0x61, 0x9d,
+ 0xce, 0xcd, 0xfd, 0x7b, 0x66, 0x92, 0x5f, 0xb9, 0x37,
+ 0x04, 0xea, 0xec, 0x37, 0x32, 0xbe, 0xcd, 0x3e, 0x5e,
+ 0x37, 0xcd, 0xe3, 0x81, 0x92, 0x69, 0xdf, 0xa1, 0xb9,
+ 0x8c, 0x44, 0x43, 0xae, 0xcd, 0xe5, 0xd5, 0x4e, 0xb9,
+ 0x2f, 0x1e, 0xbc, 0xf2, 0xd1, 0x88, 0x93, 0xde, 0x6a,
+ 0x8a, 0x43, 0xa1, 0x6b, 0xdc, 0x5b, 0xd2, 0xdd, 0xe8,
+ 0xca, 0x0a, 0x95, 0x45, 0x9f, 0xd8, 0x8c, 0xfd, 0xe0,
+ 0xc3, 0xbd, 0x0e, 0xa0, 0xbd, 0x72, 0xa7, 0x77, 0x9a,
+ 0x79, 0xd9, 0x15, 0xad, 0x50, 0x13, 0xa7, 0x41, 0xc7,
+ 0xd1, 0xec, 0x2f, 0x45, 0x14, 0x02, 0xb7, 0x8e, 0x51,
+ 0x76, 0xd4, 0x2f, 0x1c, 0xea, 0x9c, 0x6d, 0x35, 0x1c,
+ 0xa7, 0xeb, 0xd7, 0x79, 0xe4, 0x35, 0xbc, 0x02, 0xa6,
+ 0xd0, 0x58, 0xcb, 0xdf, 0xea, 0x90, 0x16, 0x53, 0x3c,
+ 0xc5, 0xda, 0x36, 0x4f, 0x61, 0x4a, 0x1b, 0xfa, 0x15,
+ 0x52, 0x0d, 0x3d, 0x73, 0xc5, 0xfe, 0x2a, 0xa2, 0x4a,
+ 0x6e, 0x95, 0x99, 0xfc, 0xbf, 0xb2, 0xfc, 0x22, 0xbe,
+ 0x45, 0x10, 0x5a, 0xc5, 0x38, 0xa0, 0xc1, 0xba, 0x46,
+ 0x6d, 0x8e, 0xbe, 0x0b, 0x5f, 0xf6, 0x6f, 0xbb, 0x4d,
+ 0x22, 0xf5, 0x95, 0x4d, 0x12, 0xc2, 0x6f, 0x8d, 0xde,
+ 0x86, 0xaf, 0x3f, 0x08, 0x24, 0x56, 0xa3, 0xcd, 0xfc,
+ 0xeb, 0xa1, 0x3c, 0x22, 0x66, 0x45, 0x03, 0x8b, 0x04,
+ 0x12, 0x80, 0x34, 0xf9, 0xf4, 0x64, 0xbf, 0xb9, 0x3d,
+ 0xd7, 0x34, 0xe4, 0xc8, 0x8e, 0x86, 0xc9, 0x73, 0x21,
+ 0x7f, 0x30, 0x01, 0xc8, 0xd2, 0x91, 0x8d, 0xc4, 0xca,
+ 0xd5, 0x59, 0xac, 0xd7, 0xb4, 0xfb, 0x98, 0xfb, 0xc4,
+ 0x48, 0x82, 0x93, 0xc6, 0x58, 0x8b, 0x0c, 0xdf, 0x3f,
+ 0x07, 0x5a, 0x94, 0x89, 0xc6, 0xbe, 0x1a, 0x19, 0x63,
+ 0x8b, 0xa8, 0x0c, 0x20, 0xae, 0x9a, 0x1b, 0xd3, 0x45,
+ 0xa0, 0xd9, 0x8c, 0xbb, 0x67, 0xa0, 0x54, 0x86, 0x9b,
+ 0x7b, 0xa8, 0x16, 0x6f, 0xa4, 0x59, 0x45, 0x1e, 0x34,
+ 0xb5, 0xa7, 0x1b, 0x3f, 0xda, 0xc6, 0x80, 0x19, 0xdc,
+ 0xc2, 0xee, 0xeb, 0xd9, 0x96, 0xdc, 0x4f, 0xec, 0x02,
+ 0xde, 0x34, 0x43, 0x5a, 0x37, 0xc8, 0xdf, 0x3b, 0x53,
+ 0x82, 0xfa, 0xf8, 0x8a, 0x32, 0x97, 0x1e, 0xf6, 0x0e,
+ 0x7d, 0x39, 0xe0, 0xdb, 0x0b, 0x22, 0xa4, 0xd0, 0x56,
+ 0x13, 0xbc, 0xe9, 0x38, 0x92, 0x76, 0xff, 0x2b, 0xc2,
+ 0xa0, 0x98, 0x7d, 0x8c, 0x58, 0x8e, 0x7f, 0x6d, 0x80,
+ 0x06, 0xff, 0xc7, 0xb3, 0xb7, 0x1b, 0xac, 0xc4, 0x68,
+ 0x61, 0x11, 0x15, 0xb7, 0xee, 0x8d, 0x66, 0x34, 0x9f,
+ 0x18, 0x03, 0x88, 0xd1, 0x04, 0xd0, 0x86, 0xc0, 0xca,
+ 0x2a, 0xe1, 0x1b, 0x47, 0x18, 0xc9, 0x97, 0xed, 0x1f,
+ 0x99, 0xc6, 0xa9, 0x20, 0x3f, 0xf6, 0x43, 0x96, 0x30,
+ 0x8b, 0xa5, 0xcb, 0x2e, 0xc5, 0xdb, 0x26, 0xc0, 0xf6,
+ 0x48, 0x07, 0x3a, 0x28, 0x3e, 0x35, 0x38, 0x50, 0x80,
+ 0xdf, 0x80, 0xfa, 0x12, 0x92, 0x83, 0x55, 0xde, 0x31,
+ },
+ .msg_len = 64,
+ .msg =
+ (const u8[64]) {
+ 0x48, 0x11, 0x92, 0xb3, 0xaa, 0x7e, 0xb3, 0x14,
+ 0xdc, 0x46, 0xd6, 0xbf, 0x26, 0xb2, 0x66, 0xc5,
+ 0xd8, 0xc4, 0x69, 0x9f, 0x67, 0x50, 0x67, 0xc0,
+ 0x3b, 0x8d, 0xc5, 0xb5, 0x68, 0x59, 0x6f, 0x9c,
+ 0xd4, 0xf2, 0x49, 0xfb, 0xa4, 0xd0, 0xbf, 0xc5,
+ 0x3c, 0xee, 0x3b, 0x03, 0x25, 0x6c, 0x51, 0x94,
+ 0xb3, 0xd4, 0xdb, 0x2a, 0xbd, 0x26, 0xef, 0x58,
+ 0xb3, 0x91, 0x62, 0x81, 0x1b, 0x29, 0x9c, 0x12,
+ },
+ .sig_len = MLDSA87_SIGNATURE_SIZE,
+ .sig =
+ (const u8[MLDSA87_SIGNATURE_SIZE]) {
+ 0xba, 0x08, 0xf3, 0x0c, 0xa1, 0x48, 0xad, 0x67, 0x12,
+ 0x68, 0x51, 0x9b, 0xa4, 0x21, 0x66, 0x8d, 0xea, 0x0a,
+ 0x71, 0x4f, 0x4c, 0xab, 0x1b, 0x42, 0x84, 0xb7, 0x9c,
+ 0x78, 0xa9, 0x18, 0xd9, 0xe8, 0x08, 0x8f, 0xee, 0xf7,
+ 0x4b, 0xcf, 0x0e, 0xcd, 0xf6, 0x36, 0xcf, 0xd5, 0xa1,
+ 0x5e, 0x59, 0xc6, 0x8c, 0x6c, 0x4d, 0xfe, 0xfa, 0xfa,
+ 0xbc, 0x52, 0x3a, 0x35, 0xba, 0xd9, 0xe1, 0xf2, 0x26,
+ 0x73, 0xbd, 0x64, 0x93, 0xe7, 0x83, 0x76, 0xc4, 0xf8,
+ 0x4b, 0xa9, 0x91, 0x8c, 0xd2, 0xf5, 0x08, 0xe6, 0x58,
+ 0xcd, 0xfb, 0x90, 0xc1, 0x84, 0x72, 0x77, 0x72, 0x47,
+ 0x5f, 0xcb, 0x7f, 0x74, 0x85, 0x56, 0xba, 0x73, 0x86,
+ 0xc1, 0x32, 0x1c, 0xaf, 0xc5, 0x60, 0x2c, 0x91, 0x99,
+ 0x09, 0x03, 0xcb, 0xe6, 0xa4, 0xae, 0x0b, 0xdc, 0x15,
+ 0x70, 0x4c, 0x91, 0xa9, 0x9e, 0x5e, 0x63, 0x5c, 0x24,
+ 0xc9, 0x26, 0x39, 0x56, 0xe4, 0x6c, 0x2c, 0x65, 0xf8,
+ 0x0b, 0x4f, 0x56, 0x8f, 0x1e, 0x74, 0xda, 0x31, 0xad,
+ 0x8f, 0x1b, 0xa7, 0xb1, 0xb3, 0x9b, 0x48, 0x09, 0x08,
+ 0xdd, 0xe1, 0x25, 0x20, 0xa4, 0xc7, 0x12, 0xd4, 0xb0,
+ 0xa0, 0xcb, 0x90, 0xf5, 0x9f, 0xc1, 0x8b, 0xbc, 0x9d,
+ 0xcf, 0x78, 0xfc, 0xa1, 0x04, 0x4b, 0x0b, 0x7e, 0x82,
+ 0x94, 0x80, 0x0e, 0x70, 0x77, 0xce, 0x63, 0x1c, 0x43,
+ 0x41, 0x3f, 0x5d, 0x61, 0x1a, 0x44, 0xaa, 0xd0, 0xb7,
+ 0x18, 0xd8, 0x91, 0x83, 0xa4, 0xa7, 0xa1, 0x86, 0x13,
+ 0x54, 0xaf, 0xa8, 0xdb, 0x1a, 0xd7, 0xa9, 0x54, 0xca,
+ 0x67, 0xb5, 0xb6, 0xb4, 0x22, 0x1a, 0x24, 0x8e, 0x65,
+ 0x01, 0xa8, 0xd2, 0x15, 0x9d, 0x98, 0x59, 0x70, 0x94,
+ 0xb4, 0x96, 0xeb, 0xf2, 0x95, 0x41, 0x9a, 0x89, 0x02,
+ 0xb7, 0x6a, 0x20, 0x2a, 0x64, 0xf1, 0x1c, 0x1e, 0x3d,
+ 0xd8, 0xdb, 0x6d, 0xef, 0xf2, 0x1a, 0x24, 0xa4, 0xd0,
+ 0xb9, 0x98, 0xd3, 0xe5, 0xbd, 0x7a, 0xa3, 0xc3, 0x19,
+ 0x97, 0x54, 0x77, 0x97, 0xb5, 0x57, 0x93, 0x71, 0x24,
+ 0x91, 0x81, 0xcf, 0x5f, 0x38, 0xb9, 0xd5, 0x7e, 0x8b,
+ 0x0f, 0xea, 0x56, 0x49, 0xac, 0x25, 0xc4, 0x6c, 0x5e,
+ 0x4e, 0x08, 0x31, 0xc8, 0xdf, 0x0b, 0x19, 0xb9, 0xbc,
+ 0xec, 0x3b, 0x89, 0xf8, 0x98, 0xe3, 0x6c, 0xf6, 0x0f,
+ 0x5b, 0x7e, 0x03, 0x10, 0x68, 0x78, 0x2c, 0xfa, 0x39,
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+ 0xdb, 0xb7, 0xcf, 0xb2, 0x4b, 0x96, 0x2c, 0x91, 0x54,
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+ 0x28, 0x87, 0xd3, 0x7b, 0xf5, 0xbe, 0x0d, 0x33, 0x5a,
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+ 0xab, 0x22, 0x4b, 0x8c, 0x3a, 0xb1, 0x9e, 0x31, 0x41,
+ 0xd2, 0x2f, 0xca, 0x9e, 0xd0, 0x96, 0x0c, 0x03, 0x08,
+ 0xec, 0x94, 0xa5, 0xb1, 0x65, 0x2b, 0xe1, 0xe4, 0x48,
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+ 0x69, 0x4b, 0xa0, 0xbe, 0xae, 0xf5, 0xde, 0xba, 0x45,
+ 0x12, 0xc8, 0x28, 0xe0, 0x7a, 0xb5, 0xd4, 0x75, 0x7a,
+ 0x24, 0x59, 0x4f, 0xbf, 0x0a, 0xa4, 0x53, 0x9a, 0x59,
+ 0xca, 0x06, 0x51, 0x6d, 0xcb, 0x93, 0x63, 0x6e, 0x24,
+ 0xe2, 0x41, 0xa5, 0xa9, 0x19, 0xc3, 0x59, 0x9a, 0x0c,
+ 0xb6, 0x4e, 0x65, 0x60, 0xa0, 0x49, 0xf0, 0x7f, 0x50,
+ 0x96, 0xed, 0xe9, 0xfc, 0x33, 0x5b, 0x52, 0x51, 0x7e,
+ 0x77, 0xd7, 0xbb, 0xaf, 0xdd, 0x12, 0x4b, 0xbc, 0xc6,
+ 0xae, 0xca, 0x92, 0x3a, 0x9f, 0xc1, 0x0c, 0x8f, 0x01,
+ 0xbe, 0x4c, 0x78, 0x23, 0x7c, 0x8b, 0x82, 0xb7, 0x45,
+ 0x80, 0x44, 0x34, 0x9d, 0x13, 0xdb, 0xc4, 0x3f, 0x1b,
+ 0x39, 0xb0, 0xee, 0xa9, 0xac, 0x5e, 0x3d, 0xc3, 0x59,
+ 0x92, 0xcc, 0x6e, 0x6c, 0x97, 0xcc, 0xba, 0x15, 0xa6,
+ 0x53, 0x92, 0x76, 0x35, 0x01, 0x70, 0x16, 0xde, 0xde,
+ 0x56, 0xc3, 0xb3, 0x48, 0x8b, 0x4d, 0xfa, 0xa7, 0xcb,
+ 0x43, 0xb5, 0x76, 0x9a, 0x56, 0x03, 0xd6, 0x41, 0xbe,
+ 0x73, 0x89, 0x1f, 0x6f, 0x02, 0x3f, 0xcc, 0xaf, 0x49,
+ 0xe3, 0x5e, 0xb3, 0xf4, 0xbc, 0x61, 0xf9, 0x9e, 0x9e,
+ 0xec, 0x10, 0x98, 0x0d, 0x5a, 0x6d, 0xcf, 0xbf, 0xe3,
+ 0xe5, 0xf5, 0x1b, 0x17, 0x46, 0x7a, 0x32, 0xc7, 0x18,
+ 0x40, 0x20, 0x8e, 0x06, 0x62, 0x2d, 0x1b, 0x90, 0x54,
+ 0x4f, 0x7f, 0xe4, 0x50, 0x09, 0xdc, 0x57, 0x22, 0xe9,
+ 0x7c, 0x3c, 0x77, 0x57, 0xc2, 0x8b, 0xc9, 0x6a, 0x2b,
+ 0x31, 0xa1, 0x7f, 0x14, 0xdf, 0x22, 0x7d, 0xed, 0xc9,
+ 0x0d, 0xbb, 0x93, 0xba, 0x72, 0x85, 0x33, 0x58, 0x80,
+ 0xc0, 0xf5, 0x75, 0x5d, 0x7e, 0x5f, 0xfb, 0x41, 0xbc,
+ 0x5f, 0x62, 0x13, 0xb9, 0x16, 0x1e, 0xfe, 0x9e, 0x53,
+ 0x53, 0xce, 0xa0, 0xfc, 0x7f, 0xf6, 0x18, 0xc2, 0x0f,
+ 0xb9, 0x7f, 0xbf, 0x09, 0xc3, 0x37, 0x08, 0xb0, 0x1f,
+ 0x16, 0x80, 0x5e, 0xf6, 0xcb, 0xfe, 0x22, 0x7c, 0x07,
+ 0x99, 0xb3, 0x12, 0x69, 0xa4, 0x05, 0xc9, 0x29, 0xc7,
+ 0xd0, 0x57, 0x05, 0x33, 0x85, 0x0c, 0xd4, 0xfe, 0xfc,
+ 0x54, 0xa8, 0xc9, 0x7b, 0x92, 0x67, 0xa6, 0xa7, 0xbf,
+ 0x5f, 0xfc, 0xe9, 0x65, 0x31, 0x4f, 0x85, 0x8f, 0x89,
+ 0xbe, 0xa1, 0xdb, 0x6d, 0x96, 0x52, 0x09, 0x56, 0x12,
+ 0xc6, 0xb2, 0x28, 0x26, 0x07, 0x39, 0x21, 0x39, 0xce,
+ 0x55, 0xf9, 0x82, 0x23, 0xc2, 0x3f, 0x3a, 0x66, 0xc4,
+ 0xee, 0x10, 0x4b, 0xf1, 0x1e, 0x1d, 0x59, 0xfa, 0x28,
+ 0x20, 0x34, 0x26, 0x49, 0x7c, 0xc3, 0x85, 0x2f, 0x80,
+ 0xbe, 0x2c, 0xbc, 0x94, 0x81, 0x74, 0x2a, 0x21, 0x49,
+ 0x1d, 0xa7, 0xff, 0xf0, 0x21, 0x56, 0x98, 0x68, 0x8f,
+ 0x52, 0x2d, 0xa0, 0xf2, 0x84, 0x73, 0x2f, 0xe2, 0x90,
+ 0x8c, 0x56, 0xd1, 0xbf, 0x67, 0xc3, 0x19, 0x47, 0x14,
+ 0x71, 0x62, 0x25, 0xdc, 0x11, 0xbc, 0x24, 0xa0, 0xb2,
+ 0x42, 0x72, 0x37, 0x78, 0xe6, 0xe0, 0xf6, 0x8c, 0x66,
+ 0xe5, 0x1b, 0x7a, 0x79, 0x46, 0xc0, 0x76, 0xcd, 0xa9,
+ 0x3c, 0xb2, 0x17, 0x8c, 0xc9, 0xb1, 0xc4, 0x2a, 0x1f,
+ 0xdb, 0xf7, 0xeb, 0x8a, 0x5d, 0x29, 0xd1, 0xd1, 0x98,
+ 0x43, 0x9e, 0x22, 0xf3, 0x96, 0x1e, 0x83, 0xeb, 0x44,
+ 0x08, 0xc4, 0xa0, 0xd2, 0xd3, 0x36, 0xf8, 0x94, 0xab,
+ 0x3c, 0x4b, 0x68, 0xf3, 0x7c, 0x1a, 0x16, 0x1a, 0x66,
+ 0x77, 0x67, 0xee, 0x64, 0xc2, 0xdb, 0x53, 0xae, 0x1f,
+ 0xeb, 0x44, 0x77, 0x3b, 0x5f, 0x74, 0x48, 0xe9, 0x05,
+ 0xfa, 0x3a, 0x03, 0x1b, 0x54, 0x36, 0xb0, 0x28, 0x79,
+ 0x70, 0xe6, 0x2f, 0xb4, 0xf5, 0x28, 0x60, 0x1e, 0x63,
+ 0xf6, 0x03, 0x09, 0x4f, 0x0f, 0x7f, 0x01, 0xe5, 0x02,
+ 0x6a, 0x76, 0x96, 0xb9, 0x58, 0x39, 0xf9, 0xc4, 0x05,
+ 0xac, 0x93, 0x2f, 0x30, 0xab, 0xc5, 0x2b, 0xad, 0xed,
+ 0x3c, 0xb0, 0x6c, 0x66, 0x94, 0x7e, 0x79, 0x01, 0x90,
+ 0xf0, 0x10, 0xb5, 0xcd, 0x6b, 0x07, 0xc2, 0xe7, 0x8a,
+ 0xac, 0xf7, 0x5b, 0xb5, 0x11, 0xf8, 0x1a, 0x52, 0xc7,
+ 0x5d, 0x2c, 0xc1, 0xce, 0x8f, 0x0c, 0xc1, 0x6a, 0x95,
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+ 0xad, 0xc3, 0x95, 0xd3, 0x6e, 0x5b, 0xe3, 0x10, 0x2f,
+ 0x31, 0xaf, 0xcd, 0x57, 0xb9, 0x84, 0x3d, 0xa4, 0x66,
+ 0x3f, 0x10, 0xeb, 0xa2, 0xe2, 0xfa, 0xc7, 0xd3, 0x91,
+ 0x83, 0x48, 0xbb, 0x3a, 0x6c, 0xe4, 0x12, 0x1c, 0x36,
+ 0x44, 0xc5, 0x07, 0x07, 0x9b, 0x9d, 0x51, 0x3e, 0x74,
+ 0xc5, 0x35, 0x8a, 0x10, 0x9c, 0x0d, 0x81, 0xf3, 0x10,
+ 0x0f, 0x29, 0xaf, 0x01, 0x5d, 0x6f, 0x7f, 0x50, 0x9a,
+ 0xf8, 0xbf, 0x1c, 0x57, 0xfc, 0x25, 0x5c, 0x02, 0x15,
+ 0x43, 0x0b, 0x60, 0x21, 0xf3, 0xb1, 0x43, 0x9a, 0x41,
+ 0xa0, 0xc1, 0x1b, 0x7a, 0x88, 0x97, 0xfd, 0x27, 0x56,
+ 0xf7, 0x48, 0x1f, 0xb6, 0x9a, 0xa2, 0xb1, 0xc5, 0xab,
+ 0x30, 0xa1, 0x14, 0x91, 0xef, 0x14, 0xe3, 0x01, 0x73,
+ 0xf3, 0x8d, 0xfa, 0xd7, 0xae, 0x2f, 0x13, 0x5d, 0x66,
+ 0xfb, 0x1c, 0x4b, 0x2e, 0x94, 0xdb, 0x9f, 0x10, 0x5b,
+ 0x2a, 0x5e, 0x85, 0x98, 0x73, 0x9d, 0xcd, 0x7c, 0xa0,
+ 0x79, 0xb6, 0xef, 0x8e, 0xf8, 0xdd, 0x11, 0x32, 0x0d,
+ 0xec, 0x6a, 0x04, 0xea, 0x81, 0xd7, 0x63, 0xbd, 0x01,
+ 0x77, 0x3e, 0x52, 0x30, 0x88, 0x3a, 0x9e, 0x04, 0xdf,
+ 0x42, 0x8b, 0x40, 0x23, 0xa9, 0x5a, 0x97, 0x21, 0x55,
+ 0xce, 0x72, 0x21, 0x45, 0x40, 0x01, 0x66, 0x63, 0x1d,
+ 0xab, 0x37, 0x8d, 0xd5, 0x75, 0x56, 0xc2, 0x7c, 0xa0,
+ 0x9e, 0xa5, 0x85, 0xc2, 0x0b, 0x51, 0x80, 0xae, 0x0c,
+ 0xb3, 0xde, 0xa4, 0xb5, 0xa3, 0xa3, 0x00, 0xe1, 0xc9,
+ 0x09, 0xee, 0xab, 0xbb, 0x36, 0x78, 0x5b, 0x3f, 0x45,
+ 0x3d, 0xf6, 0xe8, 0x7e, 0xa3, 0xd7, 0x24, 0x78, 0xdf,
+ 0xbc, 0x9f, 0xe4, 0x4c, 0x4d, 0x22, 0xb8, 0x76, 0xb0,
+ 0x6a, 0xc1, 0x35, 0x66, 0xfe, 0xaf, 0xf1, 0xb4, 0x44,
+ 0x5e, 0xe0, 0xff, 0xcf, 0x80, 0xf8, 0xa8, 0x5f, 0x59,
+ 0x91, 0xa4, 0x4f, 0xc0, 0x58, 0xb1, 0x2d, 0xc9, 0x6a,
+ 0xcd, 0x62, 0xcb, 0x41, 0x89, 0x9d, 0x3b, 0x3e, 0x48,
+ 0x5f, 0x23, 0x46, 0x21, 0x8a, 0x49, 0xc0, 0x16, 0x07,
+ 0x4d, 0xd9, 0x26, 0xbe, 0x86, 0xfb, 0x06, 0xbd, 0x41,
+ 0xc5, 0xd8, 0x87, 0xf6, 0x94, 0xb1, 0xef, 0xed, 0xab,
+ 0xfb, 0x93, 0x48, 0x5a, 0xe7, 0x22, 0xbc, 0x2b, 0x24,
+ 0xb4, 0x86, 0x33, 0x9b, 0xd6, 0x09, 0x46, 0x85, 0x81,
+ 0x89, 0xa9, 0x30, 0x13, 0xfa, 0x08, 0x55, 0xfc, 0xe5,
+ 0xfb, 0xc8, 0xb2, 0xa8, 0x31, 0x4c, 0x9e, 0x1c, 0xff,
+ 0x80, 0x10, 0x77, 0x5f, 0xf1, 0x07, 0x14, 0xf7, 0x88,
+ 0xb9, 0xeb, 0x48, 0xfe, 0x18, 0x48, 0xf3, 0xaf, 0xfd,
+ 0x7d, 0x0c, 0x9f, 0x30, 0x11, 0xcb, 0xed, 0xfc, 0x31,
+ 0xf5, 0x6e, 0x72, 0xfa, 0x9a, 0x3a, 0xa5, 0x1d, 0x89,
+ 0x89, 0x8b, 0xc6, 0x2c, 0xaf, 0xa6, 0xef, 0xbd, 0xb4,
+ 0xc2, 0xa0, 0x97, 0x74, 0xd0, 0x4d, 0x72, 0xb7, 0xe8,
+ 0x24, 0xba, 0x5e, 0x53, 0x4b, 0x91, 0xc1, 0xe4, 0x14,
+ 0x22, 0x50, 0xb2, 0xc3, 0x84, 0xf4, 0xa6, 0xb3, 0xa4,
+ 0x99, 0xda, 0x82, 0x55, 0x8e, 0x38, 0xb4, 0x0c, 0x21,
+ 0xe5, 0x91, 0x30, 0xc7, 0x80, 0x55, 0xf1, 0x69, 0xde,
+ 0xd7, 0x82, 0xf3, 0x08, 0xd3, 0x16, 0x69, 0xe7, 0xd4,
+ 0xeb, 0xfc, 0x9b, 0x8f, 0xd6, 0xfc, 0xf9, 0x9f, 0x95,
+ 0xb3, 0x90, 0xa6, 0x12, 0x21, 0x53, 0x50, 0xd5, 0x3e,
+ 0x2b, 0x46, 0x14, 0x52, 0x20, 0x1c, 0x33, 0xed, 0xdd,
+ 0x58, 0x81, 0x92, 0x37, 0xe5, 0x99, 0x77, 0xfa, 0x29,
+ 0x28, 0x49, 0x07, 0xc8, 0xe2, 0x41, 0x8f, 0x77, 0x3b,
+ 0xb4, 0x8c, 0x34, 0x3e, 0x80, 0xcb, 0xcf, 0x73, 0x4d,
+ 0xfc, 0x78, 0x60, 0x9e, 0xd0, 0x86, 0xc3, 0x4d, 0xa7,
+ 0x40, 0x9c, 0x03, 0x72, 0x46, 0xc3, 0xc3, 0x74, 0xdf,
+ 0x5a, 0x47, 0x8d, 0xbc, 0xc1, 0x5b, 0x10, 0x3e, 0x7e,
+ 0x09, 0x3d, 0xdb, 0x0c, 0xc4, 0x3b, 0x12, 0xbf, 0x66,
+ 0xe2, 0xb7, 0x4c, 0x1a, 0x81, 0x58, 0x63, 0x39, 0x72,
+ 0xde, 0xfa, 0x5d, 0xcc, 0x2c, 0x69, 0x11, 0x0a, 0x5f,
+ 0xb9, 0xbc, 0xda, 0x80, 0x03, 0x8e, 0xa2, 0x02, 0x6c,
+ 0xc1, 0x15, 0xcc, 0xbf, 0x01, 0x14, 0xd0, 0x36, 0xad,
+ 0xdb, 0xb7, 0x77, 0xd6, 0x99, 0x94, 0xf5, 0xa5, 0xac,
+ 0xce, 0x9a, 0x23, 0x9b, 0x1e, 0xa4, 0x97, 0x7e, 0x41,
+ 0xc1, 0x65, 0xc7, 0x94, 0xfa, 0x07, 0x1d, 0x9a, 0x87,
+ 0xba, 0xee, 0xef, 0x99, 0x92, 0xaa, 0x41, 0x29, 0x03,
+ 0xe3, 0x01, 0x17, 0x42, 0xed, 0x11, 0x68, 0x44, 0x02,
+ 0xca, 0x81, 0x4b, 0x33, 0x81, 0x64, 0x30, 0x95, 0x7f,
+ 0x81, 0x17, 0xe6, 0x59, 0x0b, 0x4e, 0xf3, 0x4a, 0x72,
+ 0x0c, 0x45, 0x1e, 0x1d, 0x44, 0xe2, 0x9e, 0x45, 0x29,
+ 0x88, 0xb4, 0xda, 0x9b, 0x9f, 0x3e, 0x92, 0x9a, 0x0b,
+ 0x21, 0x2a, 0xd4, 0xa0, 0xd8, 0xd8, 0xbd, 0x06, 0x6d,
+ 0x71, 0x3c, 0xcc, 0xd8, 0xdc, 0x19, 0xd7, 0x8f, 0x21,
+ 0x01, 0x25, 0xa5, 0x15, 0x62, 0x43, 0xfa, 0xdf, 0xb9,
+ 0x33, 0x23, 0xd3, 0xa2, 0xab, 0xb1, 0x7e, 0x4e, 0x5e,
+ 0x46, 0xbd, 0x76, 0x6e, 0x18, 0x88, 0x5f, 0x85, 0x03,
+ 0x43, 0x57, 0xd6, 0x3a, 0xf2, 0xcc, 0x9d, 0xbc, 0x2c,
+ 0x67, 0xa8, 0xcd, 0xda, 0xe8, 0x39, 0x61, 0x68, 0x6d,
+ 0xcf, 0xeb, 0x07, 0x1f, 0x58, 0x61, 0x68, 0x6d, 0x78,
+ 0xa6, 0xad, 0xb6, 0x16, 0x70, 0x89, 0x49, 0x59, 0x62,
+ 0x76, 0xc1, 0xc3, 0xc8, 0xce, 0xe2, 0xfc, 0x42, 0x51,
+ 0x8d, 0xc8, 0xf1, 0x03, 0x17, 0x36, 0x55, 0x8c, 0x8e,
+ 0x98, 0xd1, 0x33, 0x3c, 0x4c, 0x63, 0x81, 0x97, 0xc5,
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x0c, 0x16, 0x19, 0x23, 0x28, 0x30,
+ 0x37,
+ },
+};
diff --git a/lib/crypto/tests/mldsa_kunit.c b/lib/crypto/tests/mldsa_kunit.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..67f8f93e3dc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/crypto/tests/mldsa_kunit.c
@@ -0,0 +1,438 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+/*
+ * KUnit tests and benchmark for ML-DSA
+ *
+ * Copyright 2025 Google LLC
+ */
+#include <crypto/mldsa.h>
+#include <kunit/test.h>
+#include <linux/random.h>
+#include <linux/unaligned.h>
+
+#define Q 8380417 /* The prime q = 2^23 - 2^13 + 1 */
+
+/* ML-DSA parameters that the tests use */
+static const struct {
+ int sig_len;
+ int pk_len;
+ int k;
+ int lambda;
+ int gamma1;
+ int beta;
+ int omega;
+} params[] = {
+ [MLDSA44] = {
+ .sig_len = MLDSA44_SIGNATURE_SIZE,
+ .pk_len = MLDSA44_PUBLIC_KEY_SIZE,
+ .k = 4,
+ .lambda = 128,
+ .gamma1 = 1 << 17,
+ .beta = 78,
+ .omega = 80,
+ },
+ [MLDSA65] = {
+ .sig_len = MLDSA65_SIGNATURE_SIZE,
+ .pk_len = MLDSA65_PUBLIC_KEY_SIZE,
+ .k = 6,
+ .lambda = 192,
+ .gamma1 = 1 << 19,
+ .beta = 196,
+ .omega = 55,
+ },
+ [MLDSA87] = {
+ .sig_len = MLDSA87_SIGNATURE_SIZE,
+ .pk_len = MLDSA87_PUBLIC_KEY_SIZE,
+ .k = 8,
+ .lambda = 256,
+ .gamma1 = 1 << 19,
+ .beta = 120,
+ .omega = 75,
+ },
+};
+
+#include "mldsa-testvecs.h"
+
+static void do_mldsa_and_assert_success(struct kunit *test,
+ const struct mldsa_testvector *tv)
+{
+ int err = mldsa_verify(tv->alg, tv->sig, tv->sig_len, tv->msg,
+ tv->msg_len, tv->pk, tv->pk_len);
+ KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, err, 0);
+}
+
+static u8 *kunit_kmemdup_or_fail(struct kunit *test, const u8 *src, size_t len)
+{
+ u8 *dst = kunit_kmalloc(test, len, GFP_KERNEL);
+
+ KUNIT_ASSERT_NOT_NULL(test, dst);
+ return memcpy(dst, src, len);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test that changing coefficients in a valid signature's z vector results in
+ * the following behavior from mldsa_verify():
+ *
+ * * -EBADMSG if a coefficient is changed to have an out-of-range value, i.e.
+ * absolute value >= gamma1 - beta, corresponding to the verifier detecting
+ * the out-of-range coefficient and rejecting the signature as malformed
+ *
+ * * -EKEYREJECTED if a coefficient is changed to a different in-range value,
+ * i.e. absolute value < gamma1 - beta, corresponding to the verifier
+ * continuing to the "real" signature check and that check failing
+ */
+static void test_mldsa_z_range(struct kunit *test,
+ const struct mldsa_testvector *tv)
+{
+ u8 *sig = kunit_kmemdup_or_fail(test, tv->sig, tv->sig_len);
+ const int lambda = params[tv->alg].lambda;
+ const s32 gamma1 = params[tv->alg].gamma1;
+ const int beta = params[tv->alg].beta;
+ /*
+ * We just modify the first coefficient. The coefficient is gamma1
+ * minus either the first 18 or 20 bits of the u32, depending on gamma1.
+ *
+ * The layout of ML-DSA signatures is ctilde || z || h. ctilde is
+ * lambda / 4 bytes, so z starts at &sig[lambda / 4].
+ */
+ u8 *z_ptr = &sig[lambda / 4];
+ const u32 z_data = get_unaligned_le32(z_ptr);
+ const u32 mask = (gamma1 << 1) - 1;
+ /* These are the four boundaries of the out-of-range values. */
+ const s32 out_of_range_coeffs[] = {
+ -gamma1 + 1,
+ -(gamma1 - beta),
+ gamma1,
+ gamma1 - beta,
+ };
+ /*
+ * These are the two boundaries of the valid range, along with 0. We
+ * assume that none of these matches the original coefficient.
+ */
+ const s32 in_range_coeffs[] = {
+ -(gamma1 - beta - 1),
+ 0,
+ gamma1 - beta - 1,
+ };
+
+ /* Initially the signature is valid. */
+ do_mldsa_and_assert_success(test, tv);
+
+ /* Test some out-of-range coefficients. */
+ for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(out_of_range_coeffs); i++) {
+ const s32 c = out_of_range_coeffs[i];
+
+ put_unaligned_le32((z_data & ~mask) | (mask & (gamma1 - c)),
+ z_ptr);
+ KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, -EBADMSG,
+ mldsa_verify(tv->alg, sig, tv->sig_len, tv->msg,
+ tv->msg_len, tv->pk, tv->pk_len));
+ }
+
+ /* Test some in-range coefficients. */
+ for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(in_range_coeffs); i++) {
+ const s32 c = in_range_coeffs[i];
+
+ put_unaligned_le32((z_data & ~mask) | (mask & (gamma1 - c)),
+ z_ptr);
+ KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, -EKEYREJECTED,
+ mldsa_verify(tv->alg, sig, tv->sig_len, tv->msg,
+ tv->msg_len, tv->pk, tv->pk_len));
+ }
+}
+
+/* Test that mldsa_verify() rejects malformed hint vectors with -EBADMSG. */
+static void test_mldsa_bad_hints(struct kunit *test,
+ const struct mldsa_testvector *tv)
+{
+ const int omega = params[tv->alg].omega;
+ const int k = params[tv->alg].k;
+ u8 *sig = kunit_kmemdup_or_fail(test, tv->sig, tv->sig_len);
+ /* Pointer to the encoded hint vector in the signature */
+ u8 *hintvec = &sig[tv->sig_len - omega - k];
+ u8 h;
+
+ /* Initially the signature is valid. */
+ do_mldsa_and_assert_success(test, tv);
+
+ /* Cumulative hint count exceeds omega */
+ memcpy(sig, tv->sig, tv->sig_len);
+ hintvec[omega + k - 1] = omega + 1;
+ KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, -EBADMSG,
+ mldsa_verify(tv->alg, sig, tv->sig_len, tv->msg,
+ tv->msg_len, tv->pk, tv->pk_len));
+
+ /* Cumulative hint count decreases */
+ memcpy(sig, tv->sig, tv->sig_len);
+ KUNIT_ASSERT_GE(test, hintvec[omega + k - 2], 1);
+ hintvec[omega + k - 1] = hintvec[omega + k - 2] - 1;
+ KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, -EBADMSG,
+ mldsa_verify(tv->alg, sig, tv->sig_len, tv->msg,
+ tv->msg_len, tv->pk, tv->pk_len));
+
+ /*
+ * Hint indices out of order. To test this, swap hintvec[0] and
+ * hintvec[1]. This assumes that the original valid signature had at
+ * least two nonzero hints in the first element (asserted below).
+ */
+ memcpy(sig, tv->sig, tv->sig_len);
+ KUNIT_ASSERT_GE(test, hintvec[omega], 2);
+ h = hintvec[0];
+ hintvec[0] = hintvec[1];
+ hintvec[1] = h;
+ KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, -EBADMSG,
+ mldsa_verify(tv->alg, sig, tv->sig_len, tv->msg,
+ tv->msg_len, tv->pk, tv->pk_len));
+
+ /*
+ * Extra hint indices given. For this test to work, the original valid
+ * signature must have fewer than omega nonzero hints (asserted below).
+ */
+ memcpy(sig, tv->sig, tv->sig_len);
+ KUNIT_ASSERT_LT(test, hintvec[omega + k - 1], omega);
+ hintvec[omega - 1] = 0xff;
+ KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, -EBADMSG,
+ mldsa_verify(tv->alg, sig, tv->sig_len, tv->msg,
+ tv->msg_len, tv->pk, tv->pk_len));
+}
+
+static void test_mldsa_mutation(struct kunit *test,
+ const struct mldsa_testvector *tv)
+{
+ const int sig_len = tv->sig_len;
+ const int msg_len = tv->msg_len;
+ const int pk_len = tv->pk_len;
+ const int num_iter = 200;
+ u8 *sig = kunit_kmemdup_or_fail(test, tv->sig, sig_len);
+ u8 *msg = kunit_kmemdup_or_fail(test, tv->msg, msg_len);
+ u8 *pk = kunit_kmemdup_or_fail(test, tv->pk, pk_len);
+
+ /* Initially the signature is valid. */
+ do_mldsa_and_assert_success(test, tv);
+
+ /* Changing any bit in the signature should invalidate the signature */
+ for (int i = 0; i < num_iter; i++) {
+ size_t pos = get_random_u32_below(sig_len);
+ u8 b = 1 << get_random_u32_below(8);
+
+ sig[pos] ^= b;
+ KUNIT_ASSERT_NE(test, 0,
+ mldsa_verify(tv->alg, sig, sig_len, msg,
+ msg_len, pk, pk_len));
+ sig[pos] ^= b;
+ }
+
+ /* Changing any bit in the message should invalidate the signature */
+ for (int i = 0; i < num_iter; i++) {
+ size_t pos = get_random_u32_below(msg_len);
+ u8 b = 1 << get_random_u32_below(8);
+
+ msg[pos] ^= b;
+ KUNIT_ASSERT_NE(test, 0,
+ mldsa_verify(tv->alg, sig, sig_len, msg,
+ msg_len, pk, pk_len));
+ msg[pos] ^= b;
+ }
+
+ /* Changing any bit in the public key should invalidate the signature */
+ for (int i = 0; i < num_iter; i++) {
+ size_t pos = get_random_u32_below(pk_len);
+ u8 b = 1 << get_random_u32_below(8);
+
+ pk[pos] ^= b;
+ KUNIT_ASSERT_NE(test, 0,
+ mldsa_verify(tv->alg, sig, sig_len, msg,
+ msg_len, pk, pk_len));
+ pk[pos] ^= b;
+ }
+
+ /* All changes should have been undone. */
+ KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, 0,
+ mldsa_verify(tv->alg, sig, sig_len, msg, msg_len, pk,
+ pk_len));
+}
+
+static void test_mldsa(struct kunit *test, const struct mldsa_testvector *tv)
+{
+ /* Valid signature */
+ KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, tv->sig_len, params[tv->alg].sig_len);
+ KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, tv->pk_len, params[tv->alg].pk_len);
+ do_mldsa_and_assert_success(test, tv);
+
+ /* Signature too short */
+ KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, -EBADMSG,
+ mldsa_verify(tv->alg, tv->sig, tv->sig_len - 1, tv->msg,
+ tv->msg_len, tv->pk, tv->pk_len));
+
+ /* Signature too long */
+ KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, -EBADMSG,
+ mldsa_verify(tv->alg, tv->sig, tv->sig_len + 1, tv->msg,
+ tv->msg_len, tv->pk, tv->pk_len));
+
+ /* Public key too short */
+ KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, -EBADMSG,
+ mldsa_verify(tv->alg, tv->sig, tv->sig_len, tv->msg,
+ tv->msg_len, tv->pk, tv->pk_len - 1));
+
+ /* Public key too long */
+ KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, -EBADMSG,
+ mldsa_verify(tv->alg, tv->sig, tv->sig_len, tv->msg,
+ tv->msg_len, tv->pk, tv->pk_len + 1));
+
+ /*
+ * Message too short. Error is EKEYREJECTED because it gets rejected by
+ * the "real" signature check rather than the well-formedness checks.
+ */
+ KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, -EKEYREJECTED,
+ mldsa_verify(tv->alg, tv->sig, tv->sig_len, tv->msg,
+ tv->msg_len - 1, tv->pk, tv->pk_len));
+ /*
+ * Can't simply try (tv->msg, tv->msg_len + 1) too, as tv->msg would be
+ * accessed out of bounds. However, ML-DSA just hashes the message and
+ * doesn't handle different message lengths differently anyway.
+ */
+
+ /* Test the validity checks on the z vector. */
+ test_mldsa_z_range(test, tv);
+
+ /* Test the validity checks on the hint vector. */
+ test_mldsa_bad_hints(test, tv);
+
+ /* Test randomly mutating the inputs. */
+ test_mldsa_mutation(test, tv);
+}
+
+static void test_mldsa44(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ test_mldsa(test, &mldsa44_testvector);
+}
+
+static void test_mldsa65(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ test_mldsa(test, &mldsa65_testvector);
+}
+
+static void test_mldsa87(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ test_mldsa(test, &mldsa87_testvector);
+}
+
+static s32 mod(s32 a, s32 m)
+{
+ a %= m;
+ if (a < 0)
+ a += m;
+ return a;
+}
+
+static s32 symmetric_mod(s32 a, s32 m)
+{
+ a = mod(a, m);
+ if (a > m / 2)
+ a -= m;
+ return a;
+}
+
+/* Mechanical, inefficient translation of FIPS 204 Algorithm 36, Decompose */
+static void decompose_ref(s32 r, s32 gamma2, s32 *r0, s32 *r1)
+{
+ s32 rplus = mod(r, Q);
+
+ *r0 = symmetric_mod(rplus, 2 * gamma2);
+ if (rplus - *r0 == Q - 1) {
+ *r1 = 0;
+ *r0 = *r0 - 1;
+ } else {
+ *r1 = (rplus - *r0) / (2 * gamma2);
+ }
+}
+
+/* Mechanical, inefficient translation of FIPS 204 Algorithm 40, UseHint */
+static s32 use_hint_ref(u8 h, s32 r, s32 gamma2)
+{
+ s32 m = (Q - 1) / (2 * gamma2);
+ s32 r0, r1;
+
+ decompose_ref(r, gamma2, &r0, &r1);
+ if (h == 1 && r0 > 0)
+ return mod(r1 + 1, m);
+ if (h == 1 && r0 <= 0)
+ return mod(r1 - 1, m);
+ return r1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test that for all possible inputs, mldsa_use_hint() gives the same output as
+ * a mechanical translation of the pseudocode from FIPS 204.
+ */
+static void test_mldsa_use_hint(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+ const s32 gamma2 = (Q - 1) / (i == 0 ? 88 : 32);
+
+ for (u8 h = 0; h < 2; h++) {
+ for (s32 r = 0; r < Q; r++) {
+ KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test,
+ mldsa_use_hint(h, r, gamma2),
+ use_hint_ref(h, r, gamma2));
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+static void benchmark_mldsa(struct kunit *test,
+ const struct mldsa_testvector *tv)
+{
+ const int warmup_niter = 200;
+ const int benchmark_niter = 200;
+ u64 t0, t1;
+
+ if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_CRYPTO_LIB_BENCHMARK))
+ kunit_skip(test, "not enabled");
+
+ for (int i = 0; i < warmup_niter; i++)
+ do_mldsa_and_assert_success(test, tv);
+
+ t0 = ktime_get_ns();
+ for (int i = 0; i < benchmark_niter; i++)
+ do_mldsa_and_assert_success(test, tv);
+ t1 = ktime_get_ns();
+ kunit_info(test, "%llu ops/s",
+ div64_u64((u64)benchmark_niter * NSEC_PER_SEC,
+ t1 - t0 ?: 1));
+}
+
+static void benchmark_mldsa44(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ benchmark_mldsa(test, &mldsa44_testvector);
+}
+
+static void benchmark_mldsa65(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ benchmark_mldsa(test, &mldsa65_testvector);
+}
+
+static void benchmark_mldsa87(struct kunit *test)
+{
+ benchmark_mldsa(test, &mldsa87_testvector);
+}
+
+static struct kunit_case mldsa_kunit_cases[] = {
+ KUNIT_CASE(test_mldsa44),
+ KUNIT_CASE(test_mldsa65),
+ KUNIT_CASE(test_mldsa87),
+ KUNIT_CASE(test_mldsa_use_hint),
+ KUNIT_CASE(benchmark_mldsa44),
+ KUNIT_CASE(benchmark_mldsa65),
+ KUNIT_CASE(benchmark_mldsa87),
+ {},
+};
+
+static struct kunit_suite mldsa_kunit_suite = {
+ .name = "mldsa",
+ .test_cases = mldsa_kunit_cases,
+};
+kunit_test_suite(mldsa_kunit_suite);
+
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("KUnit tests and benchmark for ML-DSA");
+MODULE_IMPORT_NS("EXPORTED_FOR_KUNIT_TESTING");
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
--
2.52.0
^ permalink raw reply related
* [PATCH] modules: moduleparam.h: add kernel-doc comments
From: Randy Dunlap @ 2025-12-14 20:23 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: Randy Dunlap, Luis Chamberlain, Petr Pavlu, Daniel Gomez,
linux-modules
Add missing kernel-doc comments to prevent kernel-doc warnings:
Warning: include/linux/moduleparam.h:364 function parameter 'arg' not
described in '__core_param_cb'
Warning: include/linux/moduleparam.h:395 No description found for return
value of 'parameq'
Warning: include/linux/moduleparam.h:405 No description found for return
value of 'parameqn'
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
---
Cc: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Cc: Petr Pavlu <petr.pavlu@suse.com>
Cc: Daniel Gomez <da.gomez@kernel.org>
Cc: linux-modules@vger.kernel.org
---
include/linux/moduleparam.h | 8 ++++++--
1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
--- linux-next-20251203.orig/include/linux/moduleparam.h
+++ linux-next-20251203/include/linux/moduleparam.h
@@ -355,8 +355,8 @@ static inline void kernel_param_unlock(s
/**
* __core_param_cb - similar like core_param, with a set/get ops instead of type.
* @name: the name of the cmdline and sysfs parameter (often the same as var)
- * @var: the variable
* @ops: the set & get operations for this parameter.
+ * @arg: the variable
* @perm: visibility in sysfs
*
* Ideally this should be called 'core_param_cb', but the name has been
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ static inline void kernel_param_unlock(s
* @name1: parameter name 1
* @name2: parameter name 2
*
- * Returns true if the two parameter names are equal.
+ * Returns: true if the two parameter names are equal.
* Dashes (-) are considered equal to underscores (_).
*/
extern bool parameq(const char *name1, const char *name2);
@@ -402,6 +402,10 @@ extern bool parameq(const char *name1, c
* @n: the length to compare
*
* Similar to parameq(), except it compares @n characters.
+ *
+ * Returns: true if the first @n characters of the two parameter names
+ * are equal.
+ * Dashes (-) are considered equal to underscores (_).
*/
extern bool parameqn(const char *name1, const char *name2, size_t n);
^ permalink raw reply
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