From: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
To: stable@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>,
patches@lists.linux.dev,
syzbot+356aed408415a56543cd@syzkaller.appspotmail.com,
Yang Chenzhi <yang.chenzhi@vivo.com>,
Viacheslav Dubeyko <slava@dubeyko.com>,
Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
Subject: [PATCH 6.6 06/84] hfs: validate record offset in hfsplus_bmap_alloc
Date: Mon, 27 Oct 2025 19:35:55 +0100 [thread overview]
Message-ID: <20251027183438.987919872@linuxfoundation.org> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20251027183438.817309828@linuxfoundation.org>
6.6-stable review patch. If anyone has any objections, please let me know.
------------------
From: Yang Chenzhi <yang.chenzhi@vivo.com>
[ Upstream commit 738d5a51864ed8d7a68600b8c0c63fe6fe5c4f20 ]
hfsplus_bmap_alloc can trigger a crash if a
record offset or length is larger than node_size
[ 15.264282] BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in hfsplus_bmap_alloc+0x887/0x8b0
[ 15.265192] Read of size 8 at addr ffff8881085ca188 by task test/183
[ 15.265949]
[ 15.266163] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 183 Comm: test Not tainted 6.17.0-rc2-gc17b750b3ad9 #14 PREEMPT(voluntary)
[ 15.266165] Hardware name: QEMU Ubuntu 24.04 PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2 04/01/2014
[ 15.266167] Call Trace:
[ 15.266168] <TASK>
[ 15.266169] dump_stack_lvl+0x53/0x70
[ 15.266173] print_report+0xd0/0x660
[ 15.266181] kasan_report+0xce/0x100
[ 15.266185] hfsplus_bmap_alloc+0x887/0x8b0
[ 15.266208] hfs_btree_inc_height.isra.0+0xd5/0x7c0
[ 15.266217] hfsplus_brec_insert+0x870/0xb00
[ 15.266222] __hfsplus_ext_write_extent+0x428/0x570
[ 15.266225] __hfsplus_ext_cache_extent+0x5e/0x910
[ 15.266227] hfsplus_ext_read_extent+0x1b2/0x200
[ 15.266233] hfsplus_file_extend+0x5a7/0x1000
[ 15.266237] hfsplus_get_block+0x12b/0x8c0
[ 15.266238] __block_write_begin_int+0x36b/0x12c0
[ 15.266251] block_write_begin+0x77/0x110
[ 15.266252] cont_write_begin+0x428/0x720
[ 15.266259] hfsplus_write_begin+0x51/0x100
[ 15.266262] cont_write_begin+0x272/0x720
[ 15.266270] hfsplus_write_begin+0x51/0x100
[ 15.266274] generic_perform_write+0x321/0x750
[ 15.266285] generic_file_write_iter+0xc3/0x310
[ 15.266289] __kernel_write_iter+0x2fd/0x800
[ 15.266296] dump_user_range+0x2ea/0x910
[ 15.266301] elf_core_dump+0x2a94/0x2ed0
[ 15.266320] vfs_coredump+0x1d85/0x45e0
[ 15.266349] get_signal+0x12e3/0x1990
[ 15.266357] arch_do_signal_or_restart+0x89/0x580
[ 15.266362] irqentry_exit_to_user_mode+0xab/0x110
[ 15.266364] asm_exc_page_fault+0x26/0x30
[ 15.266366] RIP: 0033:0x41bd35
[ 15.266367] Code: bc d1 f3 0f 7f 27 f3 0f 7f 6f 10 f3 0f 7f 77 20 f3 0f 7f 7f 30 49 83 c0 0f 49 29 d0 48 8d 7c 17 31 e9 9f 0b 00 00 66 0f ef c0 <f3> 0f 6f 0e f3 0f 6f 56 10 66 0f 74 c1 66 0f d7 d0 49 83 f8f
[ 15.266369] RSP: 002b:00007ffc9e62d078 EFLAGS: 00010283
[ 15.266371] RAX: 00007ffc9e62d100 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 0000000000000000
[ 15.266372] RDX: 00000000000000e0 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: 00007ffc9e62d100
[ 15.266373] RBP: 0000400000000040 R08: 00000000000000e0 R09: 0000000000000000
[ 15.266374] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000
[ 15.266375] R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 0000400000000000
[ 15.266376] </TASK>
When calling hfsplus_bmap_alloc to allocate a free node, this function
first retrieves the bitmap from header node and map node using node->page
together with the offset and length from hfs_brec_lenoff
```
len = hfs_brec_lenoff(node, 2, &off16);
off = off16;
off += node->page_offset;
pagep = node->page + (off >> PAGE_SHIFT);
data = kmap_local_page(*pagep);
```
However, if the retrieved offset or length is invalid(i.e. exceeds
node_size), the code may end up accessing pages outside the allocated
range for this node.
This patch adds proper validation of both offset and length before use,
preventing out-of-bounds page access. Move is_bnode_offset_valid and
check_and_correct_requested_length to hfsplus_fs.h, as they may be
required by other functions.
Reported-by: syzbot+356aed408415a56543cd@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/67bcb4a6.050a0220.bbfd1.008f.GAE@google.com/
Signed-off-by: Yang Chenzhi <yang.chenzhi@vivo.com>
Reviewed-by: Viacheslav Dubeyko <slava@dubeyko.com>
Signed-off-by: Viacheslav Dubeyko <slava@dubeyko.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250818141734.8559-2-yang.chenzhi@vivo.com
Signed-off-by: Viacheslav Dubeyko <slava@dubeyko.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
---
fs/hfsplus/bnode.c | 41 ----------------------------------------
fs/hfsplus/btree.c | 6 ++++++
fs/hfsplus/hfsplus_fs.h | 42 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
3 files changed, 48 insertions(+), 41 deletions(-)
diff --git a/fs/hfsplus/bnode.c b/fs/hfsplus/bnode.c
index 14f4995588ff0..407d5152eb411 100644
--- a/fs/hfsplus/bnode.c
+++ b/fs/hfsplus/bnode.c
@@ -18,47 +18,6 @@
#include "hfsplus_fs.h"
#include "hfsplus_raw.h"
-static inline
-bool is_bnode_offset_valid(struct hfs_bnode *node, int off)
-{
- bool is_valid = off < node->tree->node_size;
-
- if (!is_valid) {
- pr_err("requested invalid offset: "
- "NODE: id %u, type %#x, height %u, "
- "node_size %u, offset %d\n",
- node->this, node->type, node->height,
- node->tree->node_size, off);
- }
-
- return is_valid;
-}
-
-static inline
-int check_and_correct_requested_length(struct hfs_bnode *node, int off, int len)
-{
- unsigned int node_size;
-
- if (!is_bnode_offset_valid(node, off))
- return 0;
-
- node_size = node->tree->node_size;
-
- if ((off + len) > node_size) {
- int new_len = (int)node_size - off;
-
- pr_err("requested length has been corrected: "
- "NODE: id %u, type %#x, height %u, "
- "node_size %u, offset %d, "
- "requested_len %d, corrected_len %d\n",
- node->this, node->type, node->height,
- node->tree->node_size, off, len, new_len);
-
- return new_len;
- }
-
- return len;
-}
/* Copy a specified range of bytes from the raw data of a node */
void hfs_bnode_read(struct hfs_bnode *node, void *buf, int off, int len)
diff --git a/fs/hfsplus/btree.c b/fs/hfsplus/btree.c
index 9e1732a2b92a8..fe6a54c4083c3 100644
--- a/fs/hfsplus/btree.c
+++ b/fs/hfsplus/btree.c
@@ -393,6 +393,12 @@ struct hfs_bnode *hfs_bmap_alloc(struct hfs_btree *tree)
len = hfs_brec_lenoff(node, 2, &off16);
off = off16;
+ if (!is_bnode_offset_valid(node, off)) {
+ hfs_bnode_put(node);
+ return ERR_PTR(-EIO);
+ }
+ len = check_and_correct_requested_length(node, off, len);
+
off += node->page_offset;
pagep = node->page + (off >> PAGE_SHIFT);
data = kmap_local_page(*pagep);
diff --git a/fs/hfsplus/hfsplus_fs.h b/fs/hfsplus/hfsplus_fs.h
index 1473b04fc0f31..e67b35cb5ccc7 100644
--- a/fs/hfsplus/hfsplus_fs.h
+++ b/fs/hfsplus/hfsplus_fs.h
@@ -574,6 +574,48 @@ hfsplus_btree_lock_class(struct hfs_btree *tree)
return class;
}
+static inline
+bool is_bnode_offset_valid(struct hfs_bnode *node, int off)
+{
+ bool is_valid = off < node->tree->node_size;
+
+ if (!is_valid) {
+ pr_err("requested invalid offset: "
+ "NODE: id %u, type %#x, height %u, "
+ "node_size %u, offset %d\n",
+ node->this, node->type, node->height,
+ node->tree->node_size, off);
+ }
+
+ return is_valid;
+}
+
+static inline
+int check_and_correct_requested_length(struct hfs_bnode *node, int off, int len)
+{
+ unsigned int node_size;
+
+ if (!is_bnode_offset_valid(node, off))
+ return 0;
+
+ node_size = node->tree->node_size;
+
+ if ((off + len) > node_size) {
+ int new_len = (int)node_size - off;
+
+ pr_err("requested length has been corrected: "
+ "NODE: id %u, type %#x, height %u, "
+ "node_size %u, offset %d, "
+ "requested_len %d, corrected_len %d\n",
+ node->this, node->type, node->height,
+ node->tree->node_size, off, len, new_len);
+
+ return new_len;
+ }
+
+ return len;
+}
+
/* compatibility */
#define hfsp_mt2ut(t) (struct timespec64){ .tv_sec = __hfsp_mt2ut(t) }
#define hfsp_ut2mt(t) __hfsp_ut2mt((t).tv_sec)
--
2.51.0
next prev parent reply other threads:[~2025-10-27 19:16 UTC|newest]
Thread overview: 95+ messages / expand[flat|nested] mbox.gz Atom feed top
2025-10-27 18:35 [PATCH 6.6 00/84] 6.6.115-rc1 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:35 ` [PATCH 6.6 01/84] exec: Fix incorrect type for ret Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:35 ` [PATCH 6.6 02/84] nios2: ensure that memblock.current_limit is set when setting pfn limits Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:35 ` [PATCH 6.6 03/84] hfs: clear offset and space out of valid records in b-tree node Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:35 ` [PATCH 6.6 04/84] hfs: make proper initalization of struct hfs_find_data Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:35 ` [PATCH 6.6 05/84] hfsplus: fix KMSAN uninit-value issue in __hfsplus_ext_cache_extent() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:35 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman [this message]
2025-10-27 18:35 ` [PATCH 6.6 07/84] hfsplus: fix KMSAN uninit-value issue in hfsplus_delete_cat() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:35 ` [PATCH 6.6 08/84] dlm: check for defined force value in dlm_lockspace_release Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:35 ` [PATCH 6.6 09/84] hfs: fix KMSAN uninit-value issue in hfs_find_set_zero_bits() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:35 ` [PATCH 6.6 10/84] hfsplus: return EIO when type of hidden directory mismatch in hfsplus_fill_super() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 11/84] lkdtm: fortify: Fix potential NULL dereference on kmalloc failure Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 12/84] m68k: bitops: Fix find_*_bit() signatures Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 13/84] powerpc/32: Remove PAGE_KERNEL_TEXT to fix startup failure Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 14/84] drivers/perf: hisi: Relax the event ID check in the framework Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 15/84] smb: server: let smb_direct_flush_send_list() invalidate a remote key first Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 16/84] Unbreak make tools/* for user-space targets Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 17/84] net/mlx5e: Return 1 instead of 0 in invalid case in mlx5e_mpwrq_umr_entry_size() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 18/84] rtnetlink: Allow deleting FDB entries in user namespace Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 19/84] net: Tree wide: Replace xdp_do_flush_map() with xdp_do_flush() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 20/84] net: enetc: fix the deadlock of enetc_mdio_lock Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 21/84] net: enetc: correct the value of ENETC_RXB_TRUESIZE Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 22/84] dpaa2-eth: fix the pointer passed to PTR_ALIGN on Tx path Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 23/84] can: bxcan: bxcan_start_xmit(): use can_dev_dropped_skb() instead of can_dropped_invalid_skb() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 24/84] selftests/net: convert sctp_vrf.sh to run it in unique namespace Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 25/84] selftests: net: fix server bind failure in sctp_vrf.sh Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 26/84] net/mlx5e: Reuse per-RQ XDP buffer to avoid stack zeroing overhead Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 27/84] net/mlx5e: RX, Fix generating skb from non-linear xdp_buff for legacy RQ Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 28/84] net/mlx5e: RX, Fix generating skb from non-linear xdp_buff for striding RQ Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 29/84] arm64, mm: avoid always making PTE dirty in pte_mkwrite() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 30/84] sctp: avoid NULL dereference when chunk data buffer is missing Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 31/84] net: bonding: fix possible peer notify event loss or dup issue Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 32/84] dma-debug: dont report false positives with DMA_BOUNCE_UNALIGNED_KMALLOC Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 33/84] arch_topology: Fix incorrect error check in topology_parse_cpu_capacity() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 34/84] gpio: pci-idio-16: Define maximum valid register address offset Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 35/84] gpio: 104-idio-16: " Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 36/84] Revert "cpuidle: menu: Avoid discarding useful information" Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 37/84] ACPICA: Work around bogus -Wstringop-overread warning since GCC 11 Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 38/84] can: netlink: can_changelink(): allow disabling of automatic restart Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 39/84] cifs: Fix TCP_Server_Info::credits to be signed Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 40/84] MIPS: Malta: Fix keyboard resource preventing i8042 driver from registering Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 41/84] ocfs2: clear extent cache after moving/defragmenting extents Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 42/84] vsock: fix lock inversion in vsock_assign_transport() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 43/84] net: stmmac: dwmac-rk: Fix disabling set_clock_selection Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 44/84] net: usb: rtl8150: Fix frame padding Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 45/84] net: ravb: Enforce descriptor type ordering Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 46/84] net: ravb: Ensure memory write completes before ringing TX doorbell Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 47/84] selftests: mptcp: join: mark flush re-add as skipped if not supported Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 48/84] selftests: mptcp: join: mark implicit tests " Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 49/84] spi: spi-nxp-fspi: add extra delay after dll locked Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 50/84] firmware: arm_scmi: Account for failed debug initialization Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 51/84] firmware: arm_scmi: Fix premature SCMI_XFER_FLAG_IS_RAW clearing in raw mode Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 52/84] RISC-V: Define pgprot_dmacoherent() for non-coherent devices Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 53/84] RISC-V: Dont print details of CPUs disabled in DT Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 54/84] hwmon: (sht3x) Fix error handling Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 55/84] gpio: update Intel LJCA USB GPIO driver Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 56/84] gpio: ljca: Fix duplicated IRQ mapping Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 57/84] io_uring: correct __must_hold annotation in io_install_fixed_file Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 58/84] sched: Remove never used code in mm_cid_get() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 59/84] USB: serial: option: add UNISOC UIS7720 Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 60/84] USB: serial: option: add Quectel RG255C Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 61/84] USB: serial: option: add Telit FN920C04 ECM compositions Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 62/84] usb/core/quirks: Add Huawei ME906S to wakeup quirk Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 63/84] usb: raw-gadget: do not limit transfer length Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 64/84] xhci: dbc: enable back DbC in resume if it was enabled before suspend Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 65/84] x86/microcode: Fix Entrysign revision check for Zen1/Naples Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 66/84] binder: remove "invalid inc weak" check Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 67/84] comedi: fix divide-by-zero in comedi_buf_munge() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 68/84] mei: me: add wildcat lake P DID Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 69/84] misc: fastrpc: Fix dma_buf object leak in fastrpc_map_lookup Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:36 ` [PATCH 6.6 70/84] most: usb: Fix use-after-free in hdm_disconnect Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:37 ` [PATCH 6.6 71/84] most: usb: hdm_probe: Fix calling put_device() before device initialization Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:37 ` [PATCH 6.6 72/84] tcpm: switch check for role_sw device with fw_node Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:37 ` [PATCH 6.6 73/84] dt-bindings: usb: dwc3-imx8mp: dma-range is required only for imx8mp Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:37 ` [PATCH 6.6 74/84] serial: 8250_dw: handle reset control deassert error Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:37 ` [PATCH 6.6 75/84] serial: 8250_exar: add support for Advantech 2 port card with Device ID 0x0018 Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:37 ` [PATCH 6.6 76/84] serial: 8250_mtk: Enable baud clock and manage in runtime PM Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:37 ` [PATCH 6.6 77/84] devcoredump: Fix circular locking dependency with devcd->mutex Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:37 ` [PATCH 6.6 78/84] xfs: always warn about deprecated mount options Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:37 ` [PATCH 6.6 79/84] fs/notify: call exportfs_encode_fid with s_umount Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:37 ` [PATCH 6.6 80/84] x86/resctrl: Fix miscount of bandwidth event when reactivating previously unavailable RMID Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-28 16:00 ` Babu Moger
2025-10-27 18:37 ` [PATCH 6.6 81/84] s390/cio: Update purge function to unregister the unused subchannels Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:37 ` [PATCH 6.6 82/84] fuse: allocate ff->release_args only if release is needed Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:37 ` [PATCH 6.6 83/84] fuse: fix livelock in synchronous file put from fuseblk workers Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 18:37 ` [PATCH 6.6 84/84] gpio: ljca: Initialize num before accessing item in ljca_gpio_config Greg Kroah-Hartman
2025-10-27 21:50 ` [PATCH 6.6 00/84] 6.6.115-rc1 review Florian Fainelli
2025-10-28 3:45 ` Peter Schneider
2025-10-28 11:28 ` Jon Hunter
2025-10-28 11:51 ` Ron Economos
2025-10-28 13:42 ` Naresh Kamboju
2025-10-28 13:53 ` Brett A C Sheffield
2025-10-28 19:25 ` Shuah Khan
2025-10-28 22:11 ` Slade Watkins
2025-10-29 11:21 ` Miguel Ojeda
Reply instructions:
You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:
* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
and reply-to-all from there: mbox
Avoid top-posting and favor interleaved quoting:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style#Interleaved_style
* Reply using the --to, --cc, and --in-reply-to
switches of git-send-email(1):
git send-email \
--in-reply-to=20251027183438.987919872@linuxfoundation.org \
--to=gregkh@linuxfoundation.org \
--cc=patches@lists.linux.dev \
--cc=sashal@kernel.org \
--cc=slava@dubeyko.com \
--cc=stable@vger.kernel.org \
--cc=syzbot+356aed408415a56543cd@syzkaller.appspotmail.com \
--cc=yang.chenzhi@vivo.com \
/path/to/YOUR_REPLY
https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-send-email.html
* If your mail client supports setting the In-Reply-To header
via mailto: links, try the mailto: link
Be sure your reply has a Subject: header at the top and a blank line
before the message body.
This is a public inbox, see mirroring instructions
for how to clone and mirror all data and code used for this inbox;
as well as URLs for NNTP newsgroup(s).